1125:: At the International Congress of Physical Education recently held at Paris the increase of public concern for the welfare and efficiency of the rising generation was made manifest to a striking degree. The most interesting among the various demonstrations of what has been done to further physical education in France, Sweden, Belgium, and elsewhere seems to have been that given by the pupils, apprentices, and riflemen of the French Navy. This demonstration consisted of exercises given under the supervision of Lieut. HEBERT, which were exact counterparts of the daily exercises followed in a large number of naval schools where the Hébert, or "natural," method of physical education is practiced... Their appearance produced a profound impression. Their chests were broad, their color was healthy, their muscles were hard. They marched with a well-disciplined and firm bearing. They went first erect and stiffly, then supple and relaxed, next half bending, and finally on all fours. They also climbed ropes, lifted weights proportioned to their strength, and, without pausing in their exercises, practiced different kinds of breathing as a means of rest.
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867:," and "Athletic Explorations" by John-Edouard Ehlinger. Hébert stated that his method was based on observation and experiment and that therefore it could be perfected over time. Hébert expected that how well a person could perform a movement would improve as a result of an increased training volume (doing more of that activity) and consequently technical instruction was made secondary. But in light of current training methods, "the process of learning and improvement must be based on optimum technique right from the start." As one effort in building on Hébert's work, in the first decade of the 21st century, the French American physical education instructor
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result of "rigorous, long years of observations from four work sessions per week... multiple measurements, individual sheets to note progress of each and of a statistical treatment which... birth to the first serious rating table to assess the progress made." In 1912, a committee had been set up to found a national physical education training center. Following the demonstration of Hébert's students at the Paris sports conference, in April 1913 the committee appointed Hébert as director of the newly formed training center which was called
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manual tasks or starting new ones such as sewing, cooking, etc. 11:30-12:15 Rest, except for the girls in charge of designated tasks. 12:15-14:15 Lunch and rest. 14:15-16:00 Classes on topics related to physical education, hygiene, art, ancient history, etc. 16:00-16:30 Variety of games or in particular throwing games. 16:30-16:45 Afternoon tea. 16:45-18:00 Rhythmic dances and songs. 18:00-19:30 Rest. 19:30 Dinner. 20:30 Meeting in the hall. Reading. Parlour games. Once or twice a week: outdoor explorations.
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something else." Hébert said that "it is the philosophy that must emerge from this natural method to encourage the individual to put at the service of others what he can derive from his physical and virile training. This therefore goes far beyond the framework of a physical culture to become a true education, an essential linking of the physical and the moral."
140:. Hébert's father was a breeder of horses for transportation vehicles in Paris, and through his father's interest in horses, Georges Hébert enjoyed attending equestrian performances in circuses when he was a child. The development of motorized vehicles ended his father's business, and his father subsequently moved to
371:(École du Bataillon de Lorient), with a turnover of half the population of soldiers every six months, and in 1908 he also tested his method with 800 adolescents from 14 to 17 years old at a school, and then with about twenty instructors and fifty girls in 1913 at the "College d'athlètes" (his new training facility).
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The final goal of physical education is to make strong beings. In the purely physical sense, the
Natural Method promotes the qualities of organic resistance, muscularity and speed, towards being able to walk, run, jump, move on all fours, to climb, to keep balance, to throw, lift, defend yourself and
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de
Polignac (1880-1950) and was built inside the Pommery park (later renamed as "Parc de Champagne") which he had previously opened in 1910. It took six months to construct the training facility, which included an oval running track, an indoor gymnasium measuring 40 meters by 20 meters and an outdoor
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In March 1913 a large government-sponsored physical education conference was held in Paris. The conference was called "Congrès international de l'éducation physique" (the "International
Congress of Physical Education"). The sport exhibition also included contemporary art, including the sculptures of
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A training session consists, then, of exercises in an outdoor environment, perhaps a few hundred meters to several kilometers, during which, one walks, one runs, one jumps, one progresses quadrupedally, one climbs, one walks in unstable balance, one raises and one carries, one throws, one fights and
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Hébert's full "holistic" teaching approach consisted of six modules: (1) intensive use of the
Natural Method (NM) physical exercises, (2) daily manual crafts, (3) mental and moral culture ("psychic gymnastics"), (4) intellectual culture (e.g. history of philosophy and sciences), (5) esthetic culture
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07:00 Wake-up call, getting washed and dressed, cleaning the rooms. 07:50 Roundup. A quick, short run through the forest. 08:15 Breakfast. 08:30-09:15 Roundup. Small housekeeping and gardening tasks. 09:15-10:00 Complete physical training class. 10:00-10:15 Break. 10:15-11:30 Completion of earlier
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The true
Natural Method, in its broadest sense, must be considered as the result of these three particular forces; it is a physical, virile and moral synthesis. It resides not only in the muscles and the breath, but above all in the "energy" which is used, the will which directs it and the feeling
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There were gymnastic demonstrations from many nations around the world, and there was an outdoor demonstration by 350 males, aged from seven to twenty-two, who were trained in the method of Hébert. The performance of those trained by Hébert received public acclaim. His training method had been the
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In an interview a few months before Hébert's death, he explained the difference between Hébertism and the "Natural Method." He said that "the natural method is not
Hebertism and it should not be called so." He pointed out that the "natural method" is "as old as the world," and that "Hebertism is
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The ten families of movement were ideally to be performed in the following conditions: "the movements should be continuous, at a rapid and sustained pace and progressing over rugged terrain in a natural environment." The exercises were to be performed in "near nudity" (bare torso and legs) which
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There are still schools and gymnasia throughout Europe and elsewhere that are promoting the
Natural Method of physical training, some maintaining their own elaborate "parcours" in natural surroundings, such as the Belgian Federation of Methode Naturelle (Fédération Belge d’Hébertisme) known as
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but also the physical inactivity imposed upon women by contemporary
European society. By following the natural method of synthesized physical, energetic and moral development, he wrote, women could develop self-confidence, willpower and athletic ability just as well as their male counterparts.
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had already left port to head for St. Pierre, so he boarded another ship in order to reach St. Pierre to help survivors. Hébert helped coordinate the escape and rescue of some seven hundred people from this disaster. This experience had a profound effect on him, and reinforced his belief that
709:, on the coast in northern France, where Yvonne became a director. It is at the "Palestra" where "Hébertism" came to fruition. The schedule of daily activities provides an example of how Hébertism was carried out on a practical level. (The word "palestra" is derived from the Latin word for
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who developed a system of physical education and training known as "la méthode naturelle" ("Natural Method") and a more wide training program known as
Hebertism (built on his name). Hébert combined the training of a variety of physical capacities with the training of courage and ethics.
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One researcher into the life and work of Hébert described him as being a "singular personality...at once brilliant, inventive, pugnacious, intransigent and dogmatic." Hébert called for "empiricism against scientism, syntheticism against analyticism, utilitarianism against
Olympism."
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Hébert's reform of physical education consisted of replacing the gymnastic methods (movements which were more static and repetitive) which were in vogue with "natural" or "utilitarian" activities. From 1904 to 1912, Hébert "test-piloted" his training system on one thousand
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Cultivation the qualities of action – i.e., courage, willpower, cool headedness, firmness – by the execution of difficult exercises for example while seeking to control the fear of falling, of jumping, of rising, of plunging, of walking on an unstable surface,
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and confidence courses. In fact, woodland challenge courses comprising balance beams, ladders, rope swings and so-on are often still described as "Hébertism" or "Hébertisme" courses both in Europe and in North America. It may even be possible to trace modern
171:) in 1893 and completed the Naval School in 1896, and then he "navigated the seas" to the countries in South America, the West Indies and North America until 1903. His ranking at completion of the Naval School was sixtieth out of seventy-two graduates.
809:("Sport versus Physical Education"). Hébert denounced the harms of modern sport due to its promoting specialization of movement, its "showmanship," and money (instead of altruism). At this time he broke with the modern Olympic movement founder
906:("Athletes' College") was a physical education training center opened in the city of Reims, in north-east France, in 1913. The center operated according to the principles of Georges Hébert. The training center was destroyed during World War I.
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by the French government in recognition of his many services to his country. In 1953, Hébert had a stroke which affected his speech, but he relearned how to walk, speak and write. He died from a heart attack on August 2, 1957, at age 82 in
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In the mid-1930s he gradually withdrew himself from a wider involvement in society and in 1938 he broke with the so-called Hebertist movement (as exemplified by the "Groupement hébertiste") rather than be tied to a specific organization.
674:. He was shot in the left arm which left his arm severely disabled During World War 1 his training center, "Collège d'athlètes," was destroyed during frontline fighting and most of his "natural method" coaches had been killed in battle.
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L’Entraînement physique complet par la méthode naturelle. Guide abrégé du moniteur chargé de l'entraînement dans les écoles, les sociétés de sport et de gymnastique, et en général dans les groupements de toutes sortes d'enfants ou
805:. His view was that sport is "corrupted, not educational and immoral because of issues such as professionalization of sport, merchandising" and "unnecessary public exposure...of the athletes." In 1925, he published a book entitled
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A (Natural Method) session is composed of exercises belonging to the ten fundamental groups: walking, running, jumping, quadrupedal movement, climbing, equilibrium (balancing), throwing, lifting, defending and swimming.
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Hébertism as known today is the fruit of a lifetime's work. There are significant differences between Hébert's early books and the later volumes. His later ideas best represent the complete evolution of his thought.
1034:("Complete physical training by the natural method. Abridged guide for the instructor in charge of training in schools, sports and gymnastic societies, and in general in groups of all kinds of children or adults").
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798:, Hébert may have patterned some of his "stations" on the obstacles that are found on the deck of a ship; he was also a strong proponent of "natural" or spontaneous training in non-designed environments.
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As a sidelight, as an "accomplished gymnast," in 1904 Hébert performed in an acrobatic act on a fixed bar at the amateur circus of Ernest Molier (1844-1933), known as the "Cirque Molier."
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improved physical endurance by being exposed to the elements and it also allowed for the trainer to more easily see how a movement was being performed in order to correct it.
717:. Then in 1929 Hébert also created a "Women's Nautical School" or "marine palestra" aboard a ship. This training was intended for boys under age 14 and for girls of any age.
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713:) The training center on the northern coast of France was open only for six months a year during the summer. In 1923 Hébert thus created a winter "palestra" in the southern
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took inspiration from Hébert's "méthode naturelle" ("natural method") and has expanded on the training to form a system of natural movement which he has named "MovNat".
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Hébert's "Practical Guide to Physical Education," 2nd edition. 1912. English translation by Pilou and Gregg. (The 1st edition had originally been published in 1910.)
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Hébert witnessed another example of this physical competence when he saw that French farmworkers could "outrun and outlive athletes" during the First World War.
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Georges and Yvonne Hébert had two children: Jeanne and Régis. Yvonne Hébert died in 1975. Régis Hébert died in 2017. The eldest son of Régis is Jacques Hébert.
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In addition to his observations of the natural movements of indigenous people, Hébert's method synthesized various influences, including but not limited to:
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891:, the French mid-distance Olympic runner, who died at age 25 while fighting in the French army during the opening weeks of World War I, in the year 1914.
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Georges Hébert's teaching continued to expand between and during the two World Wars, becoming the standard system of French military physical education.
182:"Their bodies were splendid, flexible, nimble, skillful, enduring, resistant and yet they had no other tutor in gymnastics but their lives in nature."
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Twilight of the Belle Epoque: The Paris of Picasso, Stravinsky, Proust, Renault, Marie Curie, Gertrude Stein, and Their Friends through the Great War
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52-page pamphlet with extensive illustrations about how to set up an example of an obstacle course according to the principles of the Natural Method
813:. Hébert was not against using sport in physical education, but he felt that any conceited or selfish behavior arising from it should be contained.
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614:(e.g. the arts, "Atlantean studies" , dance, rhythmic movement ), and (6) naturist modalities such as nutrition, hydrotherapy, and heliotherapy.
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295:("New Complete Manual of Physical Education for Gymnastics and Morals"), which already encompassed a full range of practical movement skills.
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1471:"Le collège d'athlètes de Reims : institution pionnière et foyer de diffusion de la " méthode naturelle " en France et à l'étranger"
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from Mount Pelée. At the time of the major volcanic eruption, Hébert was on shore leave about 30 kilometers away. His own ship the
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where his family owned a bookshop. Adventure literature and access to travel spurred on Hébert's interest in a career in the navy.
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1211:"Aux origines de la "méthode naturelle" : Georges Hébert et l'enseignement de l'éducation physique dans la Marine française"
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on which Hébert was stationed. The "Suchet" helped rescue victims of the volcanic eruption at the Caribbean island of Martinique.
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In the "virile" or energetic sense, the system consists in having sufficient energy, willpower, courage, coolness, and firmness.
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Aux origines de la “méthode naturelle” : Georges Hébert et l’enseignement de l’éducation physique dans la Marine française
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In the moral sense, education, by elevating the emotions, directs or maintains the moral drive in a useful and beneficial way.
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All of the exercises can be carried out while progressing through this environment. A session can last from 20 to 60 minutes.
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During his extensive travels, Hébert was impressed by the physical development and movement skills of indigenous peoples in
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2017). "Georges Hébert : un pionnier de l'écologie corporelle ?". Corps. pp. 57–65.
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2017). "Georges Hébert : un pionnier de l'écologie corporelle ?". Corps. pp. 57–65.
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Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2015). "Vocabulaire International de Philosophie du Sport coll. "Mouvements des savoirs"".
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In 1918 Hébert founded the "Palestra" which was a physical education training center for women and children near
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The original French version of the 2nd edition of the "Practical Guide to Physical Education" by Georges Hébert
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1026:("Physical Education or Complete Training by the Natural Method"). Published in Librairie Vuibert Paris, 85 pp.
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The natural method : functional exercises : Georges Hébert's practical guide to physical education
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The year 1955 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the Natural Method, and Hébert was named Commander of the
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Physical training: Heart, lungs and muscles, but also speed, dexterity, endurance, resistance, and balance.
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1646:"Georges Hébert quoted by Marcel Defarges in the "revue l'éducation physique 2e trimester" (1958, p.55)"
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Website for "Méthode Naturelle"(MN) group in Germany; the website is in English, German, and Russian
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Delaplace, Jean-Michel (2000). "Georges Hébert : la méthode naturelle et l'école (1905-1957)".
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Remaking the Male Body: Masculinity and the Uses of Physical Culture in Interwar and Vichy France
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can be found in the first seven chapters of Volume 1 of "La Méthode Naturelle" (Full book title:
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Complete freedom of motion even in group work – avoiding collective or synchronized movements
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La Catastrophe: The Eruption of Mount Pelee, the Worst Volcanic Disaster of the 20th Century
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and Hébert, visible in the foreground. (The image is double because it was originally a
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Most recently, Hébert's teachings have been an important influence on the emergence of
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Taking advantage of open air and sun, obtaining the hardening benefits of the elements.
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the natural or spontaneous way; i.e., on an unspecified route through the countryside.
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17-minute video from 1955: French film on the 50th anniversary of the Natural Method
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2315:("Georges Hébert and virile and moral physical education by the natural method").
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Cultivation of altruistic behaviour – i.e., altruism, collective work, mutual aid.
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2-minute video from 2020 (in French with English subtitles): "What is Hebertism?"
1975:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1766:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1743:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
1615:"HEBERTIST PALESTRA: PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, LEISURE AND NATURAL LIFESTYLE"
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He was also an early advocate of the benefits of exercise for women. In his work
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Individualization of efforts – i.e. adaptating the difficulty to each one's level
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Georges Hébert et l’éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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Nationhood and Nationalism in France: From Boulangism to the Great War 1889-1918
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The "Palestra," which was Hébert's training center for women and children, near
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Hébert was wounded in November, 1914 when he went into combat with a company of
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302:(1778–1852), which was also an influence on the early physical training of the
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1909:"Les héritiers de Georges Hébert--Sport'nat Belgique" (sportnat.be 2019/01/09)
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859:) as a training discipline in its own right, as well as being an influence on
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In 1924 Hébert married Yvonne Moreau. She was a former gymnastics student of
378:"Collège d'athlètes" ("Athletes' College" physical education training center)
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The Natural Method: Georges Hébert's Practical Guide to Physical Education
1048:("Virile and Moral Physical Education by the Natural Method.") 5 volumes.
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The training center was officially inaugurated by the President of France
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Rescue efforts following the volcanic eruption on the island of Martinique
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Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance
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Natural Born Heroes: Mastering the Lost Secrets of Strength and Endurance
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30:"Hébertisme" redirects here. Not to be confused with the ideology of the
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Georges Hébert (author); Philippe Til (translator into English) (2014).
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Volume 2: Technique of Exercises. Technology. Walking. Running. Jumping.
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In 1913 she became "Chief Instructor" at Hébert's "Collège d'athlètes."
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When he was 27 years old, as an officer in the French Navy prior to the
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1692:. Taranaki Daily News, Volume LVII, Issue 214, 17 February 1915, page 2
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L'éducation physique ou l'entrainement complet par la méthode naturelle
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Breaking the Jump: The Secret Story of Parkour's High-flying Rebellion
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For Health And Beauty: Physical Culture for Frenchwomen, 1880's-1930's
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3-minute video from 1954: example of a Natural Method obstacle course
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who emphasized the progressivity and the scalability of the training.
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Georges Hébert (1875-1957): A naturalist's invention of body ecology
1977:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
1745:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
1617:. Educação em Revista, vol. 35, e218164, 2019; Pierre Philippe-Meden
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in 1875, which in historic terms was five years after the traumatic
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1830:. Educ. rev. vol.35 Belo Horizonte jan./dez 2019 Epub 21-Ago-2019.
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The Surgeon and the Shepherd: Two Resistance Heroes in Vichy France
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Working with flexibility, relaxing inactive muscles—relax your mind
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Nouveau Manuel Complet d'Education Physique, Gymnastique et Morale
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Georges Hébert (website in French; contains links to photographs)
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Article with history and photographs of Hébert's "Natural Method"
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Natural Training (Official website of Georges Hébert association)
1041:("Women's Physical Education. Muscle and 'Structure' of Beauty").
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Selected publications; the publications listed are all in French
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Initial warmup before training and final cool-down after training
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1507:"A historic and heritage sports park Parc de Champagne (Reims)"
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Mental training: energy, willpower, courage, coolness, firmness
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L'éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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L'éducation physique virile et morale par la méthode naturelle
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Volume 1: Doctrinal Statement and Guiding Principles of Work.
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Progression of the intensity of efforts during the training.
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Alternating opposite efforts: fast/slow, intense/relaxed...
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It can be summarized by the "3–10–15" approach to fitness:
887:. Hébert is standing to the left. The man to the right is
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swimming pool, along with boxing rings and fencing halls.
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The Extinguished Flame: Olympians Killed in The Great War
1817:"Georges Hébert and Women's Physical Education in Brazil"
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L’Éducation physique féminine. Muscle et Beauté plastique
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Cultivation of self-improvement via healthy competition.
279:-- and the photograph was used on the cover of the book.
1937:(in French). INSEP - Musée de la Marine. Archived from
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Differentiating Hebertism and other physical activities
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Ethical behavior: friendship, collective work, altruism
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back to Hébert's original designs in the early 1900s.
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Andrieu, Gilbert (2012). A review article in French:
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Sport, Spirituality, and Religion: New Intersections
634:(Meuse). January 16, 1917. The exercises are led by
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2486:
2365:
Dixmude: French Marines in the Great War, 1914-1918
309:The classical representations of the human body in
81:
62:
46:
1073:US Marines & French military training together
770:Thus, Hébert was among the earliest proponents of
320:The "naturist" lifestyle principles of his friend
111:; 27 April 1875 – 2 August 1957) was a pioneering
298:The work of German Prussian gymnastics educator
1123:Quotation from a contemporary newspaper article
950:Oval running track and large indoor gymnasium,
840:, France. His wife Yvonne Hébert died in 1975.
650:Example of the destruction from the war at the
581:
548:Allowing the group to express joy and happiness
1442:Sport and the European Avant-Garde (1900-1945)
163:, from the time of the naval career of Hébert.
159:("school ship") of the French navy, named the
2464:
27:French physical education pioneer (1875–1957)
8:
1764:Philippe-Meden, Pierre (12 September 2019).
755:This course can be carried out in two ways:
2293:This is available as a 15-page PDF-document
1063:Volume 5: Swimming (published posthumously)
167:At age 18 Hébert entered the Naval School (
3087:
2550:
2541:
2471:
2457:
2449:
2192:Le Corre, Erwan (2014); title of article:
1338:"Georges Hébert reproducing the discobole"
1019:("Practical Guide to Physical Education").
801:Hébert publicly condemned sport after the
762:within an especially designed environment.
630:Physical exercises in an undergrowth near
54:
43:
2358:International Journal of Military History
2276:Philippe-Meden, Pierre (2018) Chapter 2:
2194:MovNat, the future of physical education?
1835:
1784:
997:The President of France inaugurating the
386:The Marquis de Polignac with the athlete
342:The founder of the modern olympic games,
136:and with the ferment of the start of the
37:For other people with the same name, see
3301:French military personnel of World War I
1057:Volume 3: Crawling. Climbing. Balancing.
599:
3326:People associated with physical culture
1935:"Georges Hébert - la methode naturelle"
1867:"1919: THE TRAINING OF WOMEN and YOUTH"
1147:
1115:
1060:Volume 4: Lifting. Throwing. Defending.
873:
533:Proper posture and sufficient breathing
313:and by the ideals of the ancient Greek
966:The interior of the gymnasium at the
202:following the 1902 volcanic eruption.
106:
7:
2494:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
2072:"WWII: Hebertism ... without Hébert"
1961:Deviance and Social Control in Sport
1291:Deviance and Social Control in Sport
807:Le sport contre l'éducation physique
2379:Georges Herbert: Sculpteur de corps
2319:2012/1 (N° 19), pp. 93 to 102.
1412:. The New York Times, April 2, 1913
1017:Guide pratique d'éducation physique
542:Correction of individual weaknesses
291:(1770-1848), who published in 1847
273:Guide pratique d'éducation physique
2208:. Outside Online. 16 December 2010
422:(1860-1934) in October, 1913. The
411:("Athletes' College"), located in
246:must be combined with courage and
25:
2282:Body Ecology and Emersive Leisure
1589:Georges Hébert, Georges (1912) .
1509:. champagne-patrimoinemondial.org
515:Continuity of work and exercises.
470:10 families of practical exercise
367:at the French military school in
271:For one of Hébert's early books (
3259:
3258:
1712:"1914-1918: WWI, THE 'PARCOURS'"
990:
974:
959:
943:
927:
911:
896:
876:
331:(1850–1917), a French inventor,
324:(1875–1947), a French physician.
1815:Jubé, Carolina (January 2019).
1265:McDougall, Christopher (2016).
1235:McDougall, Christopher (2016).
539:Cultivation of speed and skill.
390:(standing at the right) at the
233:on Martinique fell victim to a
39:George Herbert (disambiguation)
2377:Jean-Michel Delaplace (2005).
803:Olympic games in Paris in 1924
789:adventure playground equipment
454:3 main components for training
235:catastrophic volcanic eruption
1:
3311:Military personnel from Paris
3296:20th-century French educators
92:Tourgéville, Normandy, France
2571:Edward William Barton-Wright
287:The work of his predecessor
229:On May 8, 1902, the town of
2301:. Oxford University Press.
1919:Steward, Mary Lynn (2000).
1529:"The Champagne Sports Park"
500:defence (wrestling, boxing)
148:Training in the French navy
3347:
2519:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
2363:Charles Le Goffic (2011).
2094:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
2019:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
1997:"1919: WOMEN AND CHILDREN"
1959:Atkinson, Michael (2008).
1889:"1936-1957: HEBERT'S BOOK"
1779:. www.scielo.br: e218164.
1289:Atkinson, Michael (2008).
1015:(1910; 2nd edition: 1912)
509:15 principles for training
439:Most of the philosophy of
304:United States Marine Corps
222:, he was at the island of
36:
29:
3253:
2206:"The Workout Time Forgot"
733:Muscle and Plastic Beauty
53:
1491:McAuliffe, Mary (2017).
415:, in north-east France.
178:and elsewhere, writing:
3306:Light therapy advocates
2236:McCrery, Nigel (2016).
1837:10.1590/0102-4698218029
1786:10.1590/0102-4698218164
1550:"As a summary: 3/10/15"
1440:Kramer, Andres (2021).
1367:Tumblety, Joan (2012).
1322:Trothen, Tracy (2019).
1155:Burchell, S.C. (1967).
640:stereoscopic photograph
3191:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
2297:Scarth, Alwyn (2002).
1455:Tombs, Robert (1992).
1074:
918:(1913) Reims, France;
883:(1913) Reims, France;
768:
695:
670:in Belgium during the
659:
643:
609:Expansion of Hébertism
605:
598:
572:
395:
280:
226:in the Caribbean Sea.
215:
203:
184:
164:
3215:Battle of the Systems
3059:Warren Lincoln Travis
2824:Marie Bjelke Petersen
2631:Edith Margaret Garrud
2499:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
2262:Angel, Julie (2016).
1072:
745:
685:
649:
629:
603:
566:
482:quadrupedy (crawling)
385:
311:Graeco-Roman statuary
300:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
270:
209:
198:Ruins of the town of
197:
180:
155:
138:French Third Republic
104:French pronunciation:
3176:Seetharaman Sundaram
3138:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
3123:Jatindra Charan Guho
3019:Dudley Allen Sargent
2641:George Hackenschmidt
2504:Johann Baptist Krebs
2183:Philippe-Meden 2018.
2039:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1635:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1579:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1570:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1390:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1381:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1312:Philippe-Meden 2018.
1250:Ostrum, Meg (2011).
1200:Philippe-Meden 2018.
724:Legacy and influence
494:lifting and carrying
349:The French sculptor
2676:Jørgen Peter Müller
2250:Angel 2016, p. 222.
2226:Angel 2016, p. 285.
2138:"Centres Sport'nat"
2052:. Methode Naturelle
1824:Educação Em Revista
1773:Educação Em Revista
1732:Angel 2016, p. 221.
1690:"Battle of Dixmude"
1670:. Methode Naturelle
1357:Angel 2016, p. 221.
1303:Angel 2016, p. 221.
934:Aerial view of the
567:Instructors at the
344:Pierre de Coubertin
134:Franco-Prussian War
128:Hébert was born in
3118:Ambika Charan Guha
3034:Genevieve Stebbins
2711:Clara Schlaffhorst
2349:2018-05-09 at the
1075:
999:Collège d'athlètes
983:Collège d'athlètes
968:Collège d'athlètes
952:Collège d'athlètes
936:Collège d'athlètes
920:Collège d'athlètes
904:Collège d'athlètes
885:Collège d'athlètes
696:
660:
652:Collège d'athlètes
644:
606:
573:
569:Collège d'athlètes
426:was funded by the
424:Collège d'athlètes
409:Collège d'athlètes
396:
392:Collège d'athlètes
333:chronophotographer
281:
216:
204:
165:
108:[ʒɔʁʒebɛʁ]
3331:Physical exercise
3316:Outdoor educators
3273:
3272:
3230:Muscular religion
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3077:
3076:
3029:Amos Alonzo Stagg
2964:Bernarr Macfadden
2929:Annette Kellerman
2874:Keene Fitzpatrick
2779:Marguerite Agniel
2758:Emily Diana Watts
2726:Lionel Strongfort
2626:Gustav Frištenský
2601:Launceston Elliot
2591:François Delsarte
1552:. .hebertisme.com
1444:. pp. 25–29.
780:physical training
688:Chronophotography
666:at the Battle of
595:which guides it.
358:Early development
335:, filmmaker, and
327:The influence of
113:physical educator
97:
96:
16:(Redirected from
3338:
3262:
3261:
3235:Yoga as exercise
3088:
3039:Alois P. Swoboda
2949:Diocletian Lewis
2924:George F. Jowett
2869:Carrica Le Favre
2859:Ludwig Durlacher
2849:C. Ward Crampton
2721:Mary Bagot Stack
2656:F. A. Hornibrook
2651:Oscar Heidenstam
2596:Edmond Desbonnet
2551:
2542:
2514:Franz Nachtegall
2509:Pehr Henrik Ling
2480:Physical culture
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2974:William Muldoon
2944:W. R. C. Latson
2864:George Eiferman
2829:William Blaikie
2794:Sanford Bennett
2767:
2621:Bob Fitzsimmons
2576:Zishe Breitbart
2566:William Bankier
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2266:. Arum Press.
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2160:"No Obstacles"
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1923:. p. 158.
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1495:. p. 237.
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1410:"A Peace Army"
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1269:. p. 199.
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869:Erwan Le Corre
784:fitness trails
764:
763:
760:
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722:
715:French Riviera
679:
676:
623:
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610:
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582:
579:Hébert wrote:
560:
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329:Georges Demenÿ
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261:
255:
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244:athletic skill
191:
188:
149:
146:
125:
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100:Georges Hébert
95:
94:
91:
89:(aged 82)
85:August 2, 1957
83:
79:
78:
75:
73:April 27, 1875
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
48:Georges Hébert
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3181:Shri Yogendra
3179:
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3171:Kuvalayananda
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2979:Ralph Parcaut
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2914:Roy Hilligenn
2912:
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2909:Milo Hastings
2907:
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2897:
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2894:Vince Gironda
2892:
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2854:Jack Delinger
2852:
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2845:
2842:
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2837:
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2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Drexel Biddle
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Clarence Bass
2787:
2785:
2784:Charles Atlas
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2763:Freddie Welsh
2761:
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2756:
2754:
2753:Ronald Walker
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2616:Eileen Fowler
2614:
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2599:
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2587:
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2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Bert Assirati
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2529:Thomas Topham
2527:
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2517:
2515:
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2507:
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2500:
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2400:
2397:
2396:
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2388:
2384:
2381:, Vuibert.
2380:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:, LEONAUR.
2366:
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2323:
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2300:
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2291:
2287:
2284:. Routledge.
2283:
2279:
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2269:
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2256:
2247:
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2232:
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2140:. sportnat.be
2139:
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2108:
2095:
2089:
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2073:
2067:
2064:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2011:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:. p. 61.
1962:
1955:
1952:
1941:on 2006-07-18
1940:
1936:
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1443:
1436:
1433:
1430:Andrieu, 2012
1427:
1424:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1399:Andrieu, 2012
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1326:. p. 25.
1325:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1293:. p. 61.
1292:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1254:. p. 42.
1253:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1217:on 2018-05-09
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
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1186:
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1180:Andrieu, 2012
1177:
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1128:
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1119:
1116:
1109:
1105:
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1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Fitness trail
1082:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
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1028:
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1018:
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984:
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905:
899:
894:
890:
886:
879:
874:
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870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
848:"Sport'nat."
845:
841:
839:
835:
830:
825:
823:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
767:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
749:
744:
743:Hébert wrote:
741:
738:
734:
729:
723:
721:
718:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
693:
689:
684:
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541:
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421:
416:
414:
410:
404:
402:
401:Auguste Rodin
393:
389:
384:
375:
372:
370:
366:
357:
352:
351:Auguste Rodin
348:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
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323:
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297:
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225:
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196:
189:
187:
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172:
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162:
158:
157:Training ship
154:
147:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
121:
118:
114:
109:
101:
84:
80:
76:Paris, France
65:
61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3257:
3148:Monotosh Roy
3128:Guru Hanuman
3098:Manohar Aich
3091:Bodybuilding
3044:Armand Tanny
3014:Tony Sansone
2999:Steve Reeves
2939:Jack LaLanne
2839:Alan Calvert
2706:Arthur Saxon
2701:Eugen Sandow
2645:
2611:Juan Ferrero
2524:Adolf Spiess
2378:
2364:
2357:
2339:15-1233436-7
2330:
2316:
2312:
2298:
2281:
2277:
2263:
2257:Bibliography
2246:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2200:
2193:
2188:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2132:
2121:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1969:
1960:
1954:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1929:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1827:
1823:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1776:
1772:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1609:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1465:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1219:. Retrieved
1215:the original
1205:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1104:Ropes course
1045:
1044:(1936–1959)
1038:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1007:Publications
998:
982:
967:
951:
935:
919:
903:
884:
850:
846:
842:
826:
819:
815:
811:de Coubertin
806:
800:
794:As a former
793:
771:
769:
765:
754:
750:
746:
742:
732:
730:
727:
719:
711:"gymnasium."
704:
697:
661:
651:
616:
612:
583:
578:
574:
568:
449:
444:
440:
438:
423:
417:
408:
405:
397:
391:
373:
361:
353:(1840–1917).
292:
282:
272:
263:Predecessors
257:
228:
217:
185:
181:
173:
169:École navale
166:
127:
99:
98:
87:(1957-08-02)
3291:1957 deaths
3286:1875 births
3143:Chandgi Ram
3113:B. C. Ghosh
3054:John Terpak
3024:Larry Scott
3009:Joe Rollino
2919:Bob Hoffman
2904:John Grimek
2879:Mark Forest
2741:Monte Saldo
2696:Joan Rhodes
2661:Thomas Inch
2606:Tony Emmott
2586:Victor Dane
2487:Antecedents
2354:(in French)
2333:(Volume 1)
1696:18 February
1279:Scarth 2002
1089:Freerunning
865:Freerunning
857:David Belle
834:Tourgéville
772:le parcours
752:one swims.
622:World War I
435:The 3–10–15
322:Paul Carton
142:New Orleans
3280:Categories
3225:Gymnastics
3133:K. V. Iyer
3064:Al Treloar
3004:Leo Robert
2994:Bill Pearl
2984:Kid Parker
2954:Gilman Low
2834:Paul Bragg
2809:Joe Bonomo
2804:Mark Berry
2671:Dan McLeod
2581:Niels Bukh
2317:Inflexions
1945:2007-09-22
1416:3 February
1221:2014-10-24
1143:References
889:Jean Bouin
778:, form of
441:Hébertisme
388:Jean Bouin
277:Discobolus
231:St. Pierre
224:Martinique
200:St. Pierre
124:Early life
69:1875-04-27
32:Hébertists
3049:Vic Tanny
2959:Dan Lurie
2772:New World
2731:Maxalding
2666:John Lees
2050:"History"
1846:203441333
1795:203508295
1668:"History"
1110:Footnotes
1032:d'adultes
822:Deauville
707:Deauville
668:Diksmuide
254:Hébertism
18:Hebertism
3264:Category
2686:Reg Park
2554:European
2347:Archived
2169:31 March
2144:28 March
2100:26 March
2078:26 March
2056:27 March
2025:28 March
2003:26 March
1981:26 March
1895:26 March
1873:27 March
1851:28 March
1800:28 March
1749:26 March
1718:26 March
1674:27 March
1652:28 March
1621:26 March
1513:26 March
1078:See also
838:Calvados
678:Marriage
585:to swim.
503:swimming
497:throwing
485:climbing
394:in 1913.
315:gymnasia
248:altruism
239:"Suchet"
212:"Suchet"
3321:Parkour
3245:Pilates
3208:Related
3069:Turners
2884:Ed Fury
2748:Vulcana
2546:Western
2538:Systems
2212:17 June
1556:2 April
1534:6 April
1476:4 April
1343:1 April
1099:Parkour
1037:(1919)
1029:(1918)
1022:(1912)
853:parkour
737:corsets
700:Demenÿ.
491:balance
488:jumping
479:running
476:walking
428:Marquis
369:Lorient
337:gymnast
161:"Borda"
115:in the
3186:Tiruka
3083:Indian
2736:Maxick
2385:
2371:
2337:
2305:
2288:
2270:
1844:
1793:
1597:
985:(1913)
954:(1914)
796:sailor
692:Demenÿ
571:(1914)
176:Africa
3158:Yogic
2716:Sokol
1842:S2CID
1820:(PDF)
1791:S2CID
1769:(PDF)
774:, or
690:" by
656:Reims
413:Reims
130:Paris
2383:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2214:2015
2171:2022
2146:2022
2102:2022
2080:2022
2058:2022
2027:2022
2005:2022
1983:2022
1897:2022
1875:2022
1853:2022
1802:2022
1751:2022
1720:2022
1698:2023
1676:2022
1654:2022
1623:2022
1595:ISBN
1558:2022
1536:2022
1515:2022
1478:2022
1418:2024
1345:2022
863:'s "
855:(by
552:etc.
82:Died
63:Born
2280:in
1832:doi
1781:doi
654:in
447:).
3282::
2162:.
1840:.
1828:35
1826:.
1822:.
1789:.
1777:35
1775:.
1771:.
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403:.
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2458:v
2360:)
2240:.
2216:.
2173:.
2148:.
2104:.
2082:.
2060:.
2029:.
2007:.
1985:.
1948:.
1899:.
1877:.
1855:.
1834::
1804:.
1783::
1753:.
1722:.
1700:.
1678:.
1656:.
1625:.
1603:.
1560:.
1538:.
1517:.
1480:.
1459:.
1420:.
1371:.
1347:.
1224:.
1159:.
938:.
686:"
658:.
317:.
306:.
102:(
71:)
67:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
