135:
letter. If, on the other hand, the acronym is read as the complete phrase or read as the individual letters, then it should be spelled with a medial form letter. In practice, this rule is often ignored, and the acronyms spelled either way.
142:
that are truncations of a single word, consisting of the first letter or first several letters of that word (as opposed to acronyms formed from initials or truncations of more than one word) are denoted using the punctuation mark
162:). However, in practice, single and double quotes are often used instead of the special punctuation marks (for which most keyboards do not have keys), with the single quote used both in acronyms and abbreviations.
697:
or a way for an author to weave his name as a signature, or some other spiritual thought, into his work, at a time when much was memorized. Examples of prayers which contain acrostics include:
1670:
916:
1625:
862:
824:
790:
734: โ Four lines are written so that letters line up vertically, with the first letter of the second word in each line spelling the name
690:
works. Because each Hebrew letter also has a numeric value, embedding an acrostic may give an additional layer of meaning to these works.
413:) are written the same way as acronyms, with gershayim before the last character, but pronounced as separate letter names. For example,
954:
1581:
1576:
949:
830:
796:
197:
Often (and especially when they describe a noun), Hebrew acronyms are pronounced by the insertion of a vowel sound (usually
64:). This mark is placed between the last two letters of the non-inflected form of the acronym (e.g. "report" in singular is
909:
1656:
1586:
1101:
863:
https://m.facebook.com/AcademyOfTheHebrewLanguage/photos/a.181203348616396/4107405005996191/?type=3&source=48
1707:
1620:
1298:
1067:
902:
597:
189:, "P.O.B.") this notation is mainly used in technical writing and regarded nonstandard by the Hebrew Academy.
1702:
1663:
1642:
1605:
1493:
1293:
1075:
963:
442:
1692:
1303:
959:
765:
725:
612:
1528:
1288:
1142:
203:) between the letters. These vowels often appear in transliterations to other scripts. Examples include
834:
800:
718: โ The first letter of each stanza (not including the first and last) spells out "Shlomo Halevi" (
165:
In Modern Hebrew, as in many
European languages, periods sometimes used to mark an abbreviation (e.g.,
1137:
79:
1535:
1441:
1245:
1609:
1550:
1545:
1423:
1360:
630:
1697:
1601:
1498:
1431:
1396:
1392:
1345:
871:
1649:
1054:
1022:
989:
861:
1596:
1560:
1523:
1515:
1488:
1466:
1402:
1380:
1157:
1059:
1049:
1027:
1001:
996:
984:
944:
939:
925:
884:
705:
410:
378:
199:
33:
25:
1413:
1132:
1122:
1037:
1032:
369:
1686:
1370:
1265:
1006:
543:
125:
36:, with many organizations, places, people and concepts known by their abbreviations.
1540:
1456:
1388:
1230:
1190:
1170:
1117:
387:
247:
139:
21:
1615:
1461:
1185:
1127:
1042:
715:
704: โ The first letter of every verse starts with a consecutive letter of the
570:
A number of such acronyms differ only in their last letter. They all begin with
453:
48:
1505:
770:
731:
662:
529:
499:
424:
420:
132:
156:) by placing the sign after the last letter of the abbreviation (e.g. "Ms.":
1480:
1451:
760:
739:
622:
52:
746:, and the first letter of the last word in each line spelling out the name
1555:
1147:
968:
857:
735:
694:
687:
679:
224:
669:
642:
The usage of Hebrew acronyms extends to liturgical groupings: the word
76:). Acronyms can be formed from strings of single initial letters, e.g.
44:
1446:
1355:
1350:
1335:
1330:
1280:
1235:
1220:
743:
701:
683:
644:
397:
214:
144:
1650:
Gesenius' Hebrew and
Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
1591:
1436:
1340:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1250:
1195:
1180:
1175:
1165:
894:
747:
655:
589:
473:
457:
234:
131:
If the acronym is read as is, then the spelling should be with a
1365:
1310:
1260:
1255:
1240:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
251:
204:
150:
58:
898:
1270:
1225:
600:", with the final "m" standing for a number of names, such as
452:
Acronyms have been widely used in Hebrew since at least the
460:
are referred to with acronyms of their names. For example,
254:, these may be read as vowels ("u"/"o" and "i") instead:
678:
Most often, though, one will find use of acronyms as
583:
571:
428:
401:
357:
339:
321:
303:
285:
267:
261:
113:
84:
1634:
1569:
1514:
1479:
1422:
1379:
1279:
1156:
1110:
1094:
1087:
1015:
977:
932:
233:). There are exceptions to the use of "a", such as
829:[Punctuation โ select rules] (in Hebrew).
795:[Punctuation โ select rules] (in Hebrew).
18:Acronyms, a common feature of the Hebrew language
1671:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
910:
8:
719:
649:
577:
562:
537:
507:
477:
414:
391:
382:
373:
363:
351:
345:
333:
327:
315:
309:
297:
291:
279:
273:
255:
238:
228:
218:
208:
184:
178:
172:
166:
157:
119:
108:
102:
96:
90:
77:
71:
65:
1091:
917:
903:
895:
819:
817:
409:Hebrew numbers (e.g. year numbers in the
782:
880:
869:
198:
95:), or multiple initial letters, e.g.
7:
720:
650:
578:
563:
538:
508:
478:
415:
392:
383:
374:
364:
352:
346:
334:
328:
316:
310:
298:
292:
280:
274:
256:
239:
229:
219:
209:
185:
179:
173:
167:
158:
120:
109:
103:
97:
91:
72:
66:
29:
693:One purpose of acrostics was as a
14:
792:ืืืื ืืคืืกืืง โ ืื. ืืจืฉืืื, ืกืขืืฃ 30
738:, which may refer either to the
831:Academy of the Hebrew Language
797:Academy of the Hebrew Language
682:, in both prayer, poetry (see
350:, orange, lit. golden apple);
1:
576:, as an acronym of the words
584:
572:
532:) is likewise known as the
429:
402:
358:
340:
322:
304:
286:
268:
262:
246:When one of the letters is
114:
85:
32:) are a common part of the
1724:
960:Transliteration to English
742:Yitzchak or to an unknown
440:
314:, questions and answers);
278:, judgement and account);
724:) the name of the author
332:, knife spoon and fork);
149:
78:
57:
1643:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
825:
791:
750:, one of the Matriarchs.
668:(Book of Prophets), and
47:in Hebrew use a special
708:, with the omission of
661:(Five Books of Moses),
502:) is commonly known as
443:List of Hebrew acronyms
92:ืคืื, ืืื, ืฆืคื, ืืืื, ืืฉ
766:Acronym and initialism
726:Shlomo Halevi Alkabetz
621:"Maharash" for either
585:Morenu Ha-Rav rabi ...
430:hei-tav-shin-ayin-hei
1664:Strong's Concordance
955:Ancient inscriptions
654:) is an acronym for
472:itzchak is known as
456:. Several important
423:, or 2014โ2015
107:, the Holy Land) or
1657:BrownโDriverโBriggs
826:ืืคืืกืืง - ืืืืจ ืืืืื
588:, "Our teacher the
390:. (An exception is
70:, hence the plural
1506:Law of attenuation
1016:Reading traditions
631:Shmuel Schneersohn
296:, Hasidic rebbe);
293:ืืืื ื ื ืืืจื ื ืืจืื ื
1680:
1679:
1536:Verbal morphology
1475:
1474:
993:
879:Missing or empty
579:ืืืจื ื ืืจื ืจืื ...
1715:
1626:Unicode and HTML
1092:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1045:
990:northern dialect
987:
919:
912:
905:
896:
889:
888:
882:
877:
875:
867:
865:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
833:. Archived from
821:
812:
811:
809:
808:
799:. Archived from
787:
723:
722:
653:
652:
587:
581:
580:
575:
566:
565:
541:
540:
511:
510:
481:
480:
432:
427:) is pronounced
418:
417:
405:
395:
394:
386:
385:
377:
376:
367:
366:
361:
355:
354:
349:
348:
343:
337:
336:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
313:
312:
307:
301:
300:
295:
294:
289:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
265:
259:
258:
242:
241:
232:
231:
222:
221:
212:
211:
202:
188:
187:
182:
181:
177:, "ID card", or
176:
175:
170:
169:
161:
160:
155:
153:
123:
122:
117:
112:
111:
106:
105:
100:
99:
94:
93:
88:
83:
82:
75:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
31:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:Hebrew language
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1635:Reference works
1630:
1565:
1561:Vav-consecutive
1510:
1489:Biblical Hebrew
1471:
1418:
1403:Mater lectionis
1375:
1275:
1152:
1106:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1041:
1011:
973:
928:
926:Hebrew language
923:
893:
892:
878:
868:
854:
853:
849:
840:
838:
827:
823:
822:
815:
806:
804:
793:
789:
788:
784:
779:
757:
706:Hebrew alphabet
675:(Hagiographa).
640:
617:oew ben Bezalel
450:
445:
439:
411:Hebrew calendar
365:ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืช
195:
148:
56:
42:
34:Hebrew language
19:
12:
11:
5:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1703:Types of words
1700:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1610:modern Israeli
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:Philippi's law
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1414:Plene scriptum
1411:
1406:
1399:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
981:
979:
975:
974:
972:
971:
966:
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:
924:
922:
921:
914:
907:
899:
891:
890:
847:
813:
781:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
756:
753:
752:
751:
729:
713:
639:
636:
635:
634:
619:
611:"Maharal" for
609:
557:is called the
449:
446:
441:Main article:
438:
435:
370:United Nations
194:
191:
41:
38:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1720:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Abbreviations
1691:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Semitic roots
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Modern Hebrew
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Abbreviations
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Kubutz/shuruk
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
991:
986:
983:
982:
980:
976:
970:
967:
965:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
931:
927:
920:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
900:
897:
886:
873:
864:
860:
859:
851:
848:
837:on 2011-07-23
836:
832:
828:
820:
818:
814:
803:on 2011-07-23
802:
798:
794:
786:
783:
776:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:
727:
717:
714:
711:
707:
703:
700:
699:
698:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
647:
646:
637:
632:
628:
626:
620:
618:
616:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
593:
591:
586:
574:
568:
560:
556:
554:
550:
546:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
447:
444:
436:
434:
431:
426:
422:
412:
407:
404:
400:, pronounced
399:
389:
380:
371:
360:
342:
329:ืกืืื ืืฃ ืืืืื
324:
311:ืฉืืืืช ืืชืฉืืืืช
306:
288:
270:
264:
253:
249:
244:
236:
226:
216:
206:
201:
193:Pronunciation
192:
190:
163:
152:
146:
141:
140:Abbreviations
137:
134:
129:
127:
126:Rishon LeZion
116:
87:
81:
60:
54:
50:
46:
39:
37:
35:
27:
23:
22:Abbreviations
16:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1457:Inverted nun
1442:Cantillation
1408:
1401:
1371:Sin/Shin dot
1143:Paleo-Hebrew
964:from English
881:|title=
856:
850:
839:. Retrieved
835:the original
805:. Retrieved
801:the original
785:
709:
692:
677:
670:
663:
656:
643:
641:
624:
614:
605:
601:
569:
558:
552:
548:
544:
533:
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
495:
491:
487:
483:
469:
465:
461:
451:
408:
245:
196:
164:
138:
130:
51:mark called
43:
20:
15:
1462:Shekel sign
1424:Punctuation
1389:with Niqqud
1299:Palestinian
1088:Orthography
1068:Palestinian
716:Lekhah Dodi
688:kabbalistic
454:Middle Ages
419:(5775
200:[a]
121:ืจืืฉืื ืืฆืืื
49:punctuation
1687:Categories
1612:literature
1432:Diacritics
1294:Babylonian
1076:Babylonian
841:2010-10-16
807:2010-10-16
777:References
771:Bible code
732:Shokhen Ad
530:Nahmanides
500:Maimonides
275:ืืื ืืืฉืืื
174:ืชืขืืืช ืืืืช
133:final form
40:Typography
30:ืจืืฉื ืชืืืืช
1481:Phonology
1452:Gershayim
1304:Samaritan
1079:(extinct)
1071:(extinct)
1063:(extinct)
1055:Samaritan
1023:Ashkenazi
933:Overviews
761:Notarikon
740:Patriarch
721:ืฉืืื ืืืื
680:acrostics
604:oshe and
468:lomo ben
104:ืืจืฅ ืืงืืืฉ
53:gershayim
1698:Acronyms
1621:Surnames
1597:Keyboard
1570:Academic
1556:Segolate
1551:Suffixes
1546:Prefixes
1524:Biblical
1467:Numerals
1381:Spelling
1289:Tiberian
1158:Alphabet
1148:Solitreo
1138:Crowning
1102:Biblical
1060:Tiberian
1050:Yemenite
1028:Sephardi
1002:Medieval
997:Mishnaic
985:Biblical
969:Gematria
945:Alphabet
940:Language
872:cite web
858:Facebook
755:See also
736:Yitzchak
695:mnemonic
592:...").
347:ืชืคืื ืืื
115:rรกshlats
86:pazรกtsta
45:Acronyms
1606:ancient
1582:Academy
1577:Revival
1516:Grammar
1393:missing
1133:Cursive
1123:Braille
1111:Scripts
1038:Mizrahi
1033:Italian
950:History
686:), and
598:Maharam
573:Mahara-
542:), and
528:ahman (
498:aimon (
416:ืืณืชืฉืขืดื
186:ืชื ืืืืจ
154:
62:
1602:Hebrew
1529:Modern
1447:Geresh
1356:Mappiq
1351:Dagesh
1336:Kamatz
1281:Niqqud
1236:Samech
1128:Ashuri
1043:Syrian
1007:Modern
744:author
702:Ashrei
684:Piyyut
673:etuvim
666:evi'im
645:Tanakh
613:Judah
534:Ramban
504:Rambam
458:rabbis
448:People
403:beytar
398:Beitar
368:, the
281:ืืืืืดืจ
225:Shabak
223:) and
215:Tanakh
145:geresh
110:ืจืืฉืืดืฆ
80:ืคืืฆืืดื
73:ืืืดืืืช
26:Hebrew
1616:Names
1592:Ulpan
1587:Study
1437:Meteg
1361:Maqaf
1341:Holam
1331:Pataแธฅ
1326:Segol
1321:Tzere
1316:Hiriq
1251:Tsadi
1221:Lamed
1196:Zayin
1181:Dalet
1176:Gimel
1118:Rashi
748:Rivka
623:Meir
590:Rabbi
564:ืืขืฉืดื
559:Besht
539:ืจืืืดื
520:oshe
516:abbi
509:ืจืืืดื
490:oshe
486:abbi
474:Rashi
464:abbi
437:Usage
393:ืืืชืดืจ
375:ืืืืดื
341:tapuz
335:ืชืคืืดื
323:sakum
317:ืกืืืดื
287:admor
263:duakh
235:Etzel
118:(for
101:(for
98:ืืจืืดืง
89:(for
1397:full
1366:Rafe
1311:Shva
1266:Shin
1261:Resh
1241:Ayin
1166:Alef
1095:Eras
978:Eras
885:help
659:orah
651:ืชื ืดื
638:Text
627:auls
608:eรฏr.
547:aal
479:ืจืฉืดื
388:Lehi
384:ืืืดื
379:Bilu
353:ืืืดื
305:shut
299:ืฉืืดืช
269:dokh
257:ืืืดื
240:ืืฆืดื
230:ืฉืืดื
220:ืชื ืดื
205:Shas
183:for
180:ืช.ื.
171:for
168:ืช.ื.
67:ืืืดื
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1256:Kuf
1246:Pei
1231:Nun
1226:Mem
1216:Kaf
1211:Yud
1206:Tet
1201:แธคet
1191:Vav
1186:Hei
1171:Bet
855:H.
710:nun
629:or
567:).
551:em
524:en
512:),
494:en
482:),
406:.)
372:);
252:yud
250:or
248:vav
243:).
213:),
210:ืฉืดืก
159:ืืืณ
128:).
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466:Sh
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