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and Maria Gatto in 2012 excavated petroglyphic engravings from Nag el-Hamdulab in Aswan, the extreme southern region of Egypt that borders the Sudan, which featured representations of boat procession, solar symbolism and the earliest depiction of the white crown with an estimated dating range between
226:
in Nubia. According to Jane Roy, "At the time of
Williams’ argument, the Qustul cemetery and the ‘royal’ iconography found there was dated to the Naqada IIIA period, thus antedating royal cemeteries in Egypt of the Naqada IIIB phase. New evidence from Abydos, however, particularly the excavation of
293:
or leather have been suggested, but this is purely speculative. Like the deshret, the hedjet may have been woven like a basket from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, palm leaf, or reed. The fact that no crown has ever been found, even in relatively intact royal tombs such as that of
380:
A couple of statuettes which represent a Middle
Kingdom pharaoh as King of Upper Egypt (left, with the white crown) and King of Lower Egypt (right, with the red crown); wood, from el-Lisht, 12th dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Egyptian Museum, main floor, room 22,
523:
350:
282:
is shown triumphing over his northern enemies. The kings of the united Egypt saw themselves as successors of Horus. Vases from the reign of
Khasekhemwy show the king as Horus wearing the white crown.
625:
304:
266:, the tutelary goddess of Nekhebet (modern el Kab) near Hierakonpolis, was depicted as a woman, sometimes with the head of a vulture, wearing the white crown. The falcon god
618:
252:, the A-Group polity of the late 4th millenninum BCE is poorly understood since most of the archaeological remains are submerged underneath Lake Nasser.
435:
611:
222:, indicating that kingship had been the base of Egyptian society for some time. The earliest image of the hedjet was thought to have been in the
326:
244:. He further elaborated that "Egyptian writing arose in Naqadan Upper Egypt and A-Group Nubia, and not in the Delta cultures, where the direct
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693:
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728:
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502:
2136:
2131:
1886:
738:
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stated that depictions of pharaonic iconography such as the royal crowns, Horus falcons and victory scenes were concentrated in the
2291:
2179:
1083:
140:
218:
The white crown, along with the red crown, has a long history with each of their respective representations going back into the
2076:
723:
653:
289:(red crown), no example of the white crown has been found. It is unknown how it was constructed and what materials were used.
1118:
310:
79:
743:
678:
202:
2121:
688:
344:
Bronze statuette of a
Kushite king wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt; 25th Dynasty, 670 BCE, Neues Museum, Berlin
2296:
2146:
658:
2189:
2161:
634:
365:
123:
2116:
768:
219:
274:(Egyptian: Nekhen) was generally shown wearing a white crown. A famous depiction of the white crown is on the
227:
Cemetery U and the tomb U-j, dating to Naqada IIIA has shown that this iconography appears earlier in Egypt".
1971:
298:, suggests the crowns may have been passed from one monarch to the next, much as in present-day monarchies.
495:"Ancient Egypt and Nubian: Kings of Flood and Kings of Rain" in Great Kingdoms of Africa, John Parker (eds)
2141:
1921:
1906:
1722:
1645:
923:
758:
167:
470:"The Origin and Development of Ancient Nile Valley Writing," in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed)
2301:
2270:
519:
256:
207:
99:
524:"The earliest representations of royal power in Egypt: the rock drawings of Nag el-Hamdulab (Aswan)"
1876:
1692:
1680:
182:, the double crown of Egypt. The symbol sometimes used for the White Crown was the vulture goddess
154:
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1856:
1108:
873:
673:
551:
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147:
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1936:
1325:
1033:
535:
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753:
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241:
1295:
1215:
1128:
993:
820:
361:
314:
275:
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contact was made, further vitiates the
Mesopotamian-influence argument". According to
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1941:
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2126:
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603:
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Head of a royal statue wearing the White Crown. Between 1493 and 1482 BC,
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318:
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191:
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437:
The
Politics of Trade:Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC
2006:
1996:
1991:
1966:
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472:. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Museum of Art. pp. 34–35.
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found at
Hierakonpolis in which the king of the South wearing the
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28:
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Small bronze statuary usage with the hedjet, white crown
71:
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1885:
1844:
1813:
1755:
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776:
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596:The Ancient Egyptians: Life in the Old Kingdom
619:
395:– hedjet crown with feathers identified with
8:
186:shown next to the head of the cobra goddess
404:– blue or war crown also called royal crown
159:'White One') is the White Crown of
773:
626:
612:
604:
75:
27:
598:, American Univ in Cairo Press 1996, p.61
522:; Gatto, Maria Carmela (December 2012).
497:. : THAMES & HUDSON. pp. 1–40.
413:
300:
210:, from the Karnak precinct of Amun-Ra.
33:Hedjet, the white crown of Upper Egypt
18:
7:
14:
2137:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld
2132:The Contendings of Horus and Seth
2264:
2180:Beautiful Festival of the Valley
702:
373:
349:
337:
325:
303:
313:usage of the white crown: the
1:
360:from his mortuary temple at
146:
2122:Book of Traversing Eternity
434:Roy, Jane (February 2011).
170:, it was combined with the
166:. After the unification of
16:White Crown of Higher Egypt
2318:
2147:Litany of the Eye of Horus
700:
127:
2259:
2190:Coronation of the pharaoh
2162:Spell of the Twelve Caves
899:
635:Ancient Egyptian religion
540:10.1017/S0003598X00048250
26:
2271:Ancient Egypt portal
2117:Book of the Heavenly Cow
2292:Egyptian artefact types
1972:Horus on the Crocodiles
585:, Routledge 1999, p.285
493:Wengrow, David (2023).
424:, Routledge 2004, p.209
420:Arthur Maurice Hocart,
2142:Great Hymn to the Aten
1922:Crown of justification
1646:Souls of Pe and Nekhen
924:Amenhotep, son of Hapu
759:Veneration of the dead
581:Toby A. H. Wilkinson,
468:Frank J.Yurco (1996).
440:. Brill. p. 215.
215:
520:Darnell, John Coleman
205:
168:Upper and Lower Egypt
744:Opening of the mouth
583:Early Dynastic Egypt
422:The Life-Giving Myth
257:John Coleman Darnell
1877:The Indestructibles
1681:Hermes Trismegistus
368:, c. 2060–2009 BCE
260:3200BC and 3100BC.
174:, the Red Crown of
2090:Books of Breathing
1109:Four sons of Horus
534:(334): 1068–1083.
356:Painted relief of
220:Predynastic Period
216:
2297:Crowns (headgear)
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2241:Mysteries of Isis
2214:Related religions
2107:Book of the Earth
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518:Hendrickx, Stan;
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1937:Egyptian obelisk
1326:Kothar-wa-Khasis
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734:Mortuary temples
724:Embalming ritual
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124:Ancient Egyptian
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1099:Dionysus-Osiris
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1296:Khenti-Amentiu
1293:
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1084:Cavern deities
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504:978-0500252529
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315:Narmer palette
311:Early Dynastic
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276:Narmer palette
238:Naqada culture
235:Upper Egyptian
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178:, to form the
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2246:Temple of Set
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2200:Opet Festival
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2157:Pyramid Texts
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2112:Book of Gates
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2057:Vulture crown
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1942:Egyptian pool
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1780:Hieracosphinx
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362:Deir el-Bahri
359:
358:Mentuhotep II
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281:
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272:Hierakonpolis
269:
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258:
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251:
250:David Wengrow
247:
246:Western Asian
243:
242:A-Group Nubia
239:
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37:
30:
25:
20:
2205:Sed festival
2195:Min festival
2185:Cattle count
2152:Litany of Re
2127:Coffin Texts
2099:
2042:Solar barque
1982:Imiut fetish
1977:Hypocephalus
1962:Hemhem crown
1956:
1947:Eye of Horus
1872:Land of Manu
1826:Djadjaemankh
1707:
1697:
1650:
1560:
1510:
1490:
1465:
1421:Nebethetepet
1415:
1330:
1301:Khenti-kheti
1280:
1220:
1123:
1119:Gate deities
1113:
1103:
1088:
1078:
1028:
903:
893:Theban Triad
719:Canopic jars
595:
594:Jill Kamil,
590:
582:
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569:
564:
531:
527:
513:
494:
488:
469:
463:
451:. Retrieved
436:
429:
421:
416:
366:11th Dynasty
285:As with the
284:
279:
262:
254:
229:
217:
212:Museo Egizio
131:
119:
118:
94:
2302:Upper Egypt
2231:Hermeticism
2062:Was-sceptre
1889:and objects
1366:Mehet-Weret
1209:Harpocrates
1039:Banebdjedet
1004:Arensnuphis
684:Osiris myth
317:of Pharaoh
296:Tutankhamun
231:Frank Yurco
208:New Kingdom
176:Lower Egypt
164:Upper Egypt
100:hieroglyphs
51:Upper Egypt
2286:Categories
2226:Gnosticism
2067:Winged sun
1912:Corn mummy
1814:Characters
1738:Werethekau
1576:Sebiumeker
1386:Meretseger
1251:Ikhemu-sek
1189:Hermanubis
689:Philosophy
679:Numerology
409:References
57:Successors
2172:Festivals
2037:Shen ring
2017:Ouroboros
1952:Eye of Ra
1907:Cartouche
1845:Locations
1790:Serpopard
1757:Creatures
1688:Tjenenyet
1671:Ta-Bitjet
1616:Shesmetet
1536:Renenutet
1521:Raet-Tawy
1441:Nehmetawy
1391:Meskhenet
1159:Hedjhotep
1014:Assessors
712:Practices
674:Mythology
669:Maa Kheru
649:Afterlife
548:0003-598X
528:Antiquity
161:pharaonic
141:romanized
2236:Kemetism
2077:Writings
1987:Khepresh
1831:Rededjet
1733:Wepwawet
1718:Wadj-wer
1436:Nehebkau
1431:Nefertem
1351:Mandulis
1286:Kebechet
1276:Iusaaset
1194:Heryshaf
1144:Hatmehit
979:Apedemak
854:Nephthys
749:Pyramids
729:Funerals
556:53631029
402:Khepresh
387:See also
381:JE44951)
214:, Turin.
2251:Thelema
2221:Atenism
2052:Ushabti
2022:Pschent
2012:Neshmet
1927:Deshret
1887:Symbols
1836:Ubaoner
1775:Griffin
1661:Taweret
1656:Tatenen
1591:Serapis
1586:Sekhmet
1556:Resheph
1501:Qed-her
1451:Nekhbet
1426:Nebtuwi
1291:Khensit
1261:Imhotep
1256:Imentet
1154:Hedetet
1019:Astarte
954:Andjety
929:Amesemi
769:Deities
754:Temples
642:Beliefs
453:16 June
287:deshret
264:Nekhbet
198:History
184:Nekhbet
180:Pschent
172:Deshret
157:
143::
61:Pschent
48:Ancient
44:Country
39:Details
2085:Amduat
2032:Serekh
2027:Scarab
1957:Hedjet
1862:Benben
1805:Uraeus
1800:Sphinx
1785:Medjed
1743:Wosret
1728:Wepset
1713:Wadjet
1636:Sopdet
1621:Shezmu
1601:Seshat
1596:Serket
1541:Renpet
1526:Rekhyt
1506:Qetesh
1471:Pakhet
1401:Mnevis
1376:Menhit
1356:Medjed
1346:Mafdet
1336:Maahes
1321:Khonsu
1311:Kherty
1306:Khepri
1174:Hemsut
1149:Hauron
1139:Hathor
1074:Buchis
1059:Ba-Pef
1044:Bastet
974:Anuket
969:Anubis
944:Amu-Aa
939:Am-heh
888:Triads
879:Tefnut
864:Osiris
831:Ennead
816:Naunet
806:Kauket
796:Hauhet
791:Amunet
778:Ogdoad
554:
546:
501:
476:
444:
397:Osiris
319:Narmer
280:hedjet
224:Qustul
192:uraeus
190:, the
188:Wadjet
132:𓌉𓏏𓋑
120:Hedjet
92:Hedjet
22:Hedjet
2007:Nemes
1997:Menat
1992:Kneph
1967:Hennu
1857:Akhet
1723:Weneg
1676:Thoth
1641:Sopdu
1631:Sobek
1581:Seker
1571:Satis
1551:Repyt
1496:Qebui
1481:Petbe
1476:Perit
1461:Neper
1456:Nemty
1446:Neith
1406:Montu
1381:Meret
1371:Mehit
1361:Mehen
1341:Ma'at
1316:Khnum
1271:Iunit
1226:Iabet
1204:Horus
1199:Hesat
1184:Heqet
1179:Henet
1169:Hemen
1094:Dedun
1064:Bennu
964:Anput
959:Anhur
934:Ammit
919:Akhty
659:Isfet
570:Egypt
552:S2CID
268:Horus
148:ḥuḏat
2047:Tyet
2002:Nebu
1932:Djed
1902:Atef
1897:Ankh
1867:Duat
1852:Aaru
1821:Dedi
1770:Abtu
1765:Aani
1703:Unut
1693:Tutu
1666:Tayt
1611:Shed
1606:Shai
1486:Ptah
1241:Igai
1164:Heka
1134:Hapi
1054:Bata
1034:Babi
1024:Aten
999:Aqen
989:Apis
984:Apep
949:Anat
914:Aker
909:Aati
849:Isis
839:Atum
786:Amun
694:Soul
664:Maat
544:ISSN
499:ISBN
474:ISBN
455:2015
442:ISBN
393:Atef
291:Felt
240:and
155:lit.
1795:Sha
1626:Sia
1566:Sah
1531:Rem
1411:Mut
1396:Min
1266:Ipy
1246:Ihy
1236:Iat
1231:Iah
1069:Bes
1049:Bat
1009:Ash
994:Apt
874:Shu
869:Set
859:Nut
844:Geb
811:Kek
801:Heh
536:doi
270:of
98:in
95:ḥḏt
2288::
1516:Ra
1216:Hu
1129:Ha
821:Nu
550:.
542:.
532:86
530:.
526:.
364:;
152:,
138:,
126::
1708:W
1698:U
1651:T
1561:S
1511:R
1491:Q
1466:P
1416:N
1331:M
1281:K
1221:I
1124:H
1114:G
1104:F
1089:D
1079:C
1029:B
904:A
627:e
620:t
613:v
558:.
538::
507:.
482:.
457:.
122:(
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