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456:, had been given power over the army. The day after the death of her husband, Hedwig Eleonora sent a message to the council that she knew that they contested the will, and she demanded that it should be respected. The council answered that the will must first be discussed with the parliament. At the following council in Stockholm 13 May, the council tried to keep her from attending. They questioned whether it would be good for her health or suitable for a widow to attend council, and that if not, it would be hard to keep sending a messenger to her quarters. Her reply that the council would be allowed to meet without her and only inform her when they considered it necessary was met with satisfaction from the council. Hedwig Eleonora's ostensible indifference to politics came as a great relief to the lords of the guardian government.
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468:, unsuccessfully opposed the war against Bremen, but successfully prevented a suggested war toward Russia, which is described as the only time when she forced her will upon the council. Hedwig Eleonora herself described how she disliked politics and diplomacy, and she did not participate much in politics during her regency. Her minor part in politics during her time as regent resulted in the fact that her son exempted her when he later accused the guardian government for power abuse during their regency. During her son's first appearances in Parliament, he talked only to the members of the government through her; he would whisper the questions he had to the Parliament to her, and she would ask them loud and clear.
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567:, she essentially kept her position as the first lady of the court. Charles XI referred to his mother as “The Queen” or “Her Majesty the Queen My Dear Lady Mother” and to Ulrike Eleonora simply as "My Wife". Foreign ambassadors, mindful of this, always paid their respects to Hedwig Eleonora first, and then to Ulrike Eleonora. The hostility between and Holstein-Gottorp and Denmark also made the relationship between Hedwig Eleonora and her Danish daughter-in-law tense. Charles XI regularly discussed the affairs of state with his mother, and while it does not appear that she purposely influenced him, he respected her opinions and usually followed them.
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505:. She focused more on the administration of her dower lands and the upbringing of her son rather than to politics. In her upbringing of her son Charles XI, she focused on religion and moral and physical training and athletics rather than on academic studies, and she has been criticized for having spoiled him by not having forced him to attend to his studies. Although she herself was interested in culture and the sciences, she put no demands on him and allowed him to skip his studies: as he had a frail health during childhood, she found it more important for him to strengthen his body, and to discipline his moral by studies of religion.
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586:. On one occasion, Charles XII in a state of drunkenness encountered his grandmother, upon which she gave him a long look and then turned her back to him. He reacted by emptying his cup and saying: “My Gracious Lady Grandmother is pleased to forgive me. From hereafter I will never more drink wine”, a promise he kept. During the Great Northern War, she represented her absent grandson and received the foreign ambassadors in his place. According to their reports, she treated them with silence or could laugh at them.
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464:. Aware of the fact that she did not have enough support in the council to manage her own policy, she did not wish to risk being maneuvered from her position by challenging the council. She concurred with the anti-Danish and pro-French foreign policy during the regency years. She did, however, dislike war and gave her support to the peace party in the council: she gave her support to the
423:. At Kronborg, Hedwig Eleonora was visited by her husband and entertained the foreign ambassadors. She visited Frederiksborgs Palace and hunted in the woods with the English ambassador. During the Falster campaign, she entertained the ambassadors at Nyköbing Falster. Hedwig Eleonora left for Gothenburg in December 1659, where the Swedish parliament was to assemble in January 1660.
532:, whose influence led to an open conflict with Gyllenstierna. Bärfelt was known for taking bribes from supplicants to the queen dowager and rumoured to steal from her. Gyllenstierna made an ultimatum and asked Hedwig Eleonora to choose between him and Bärfelt, which eventually led to Bärfelt being banished from court after Gyllenstierna had formed an alliance with
559:. The latter was long unofficially understood to be the future queen by marriage to Charles XI when he became an adult, but the plan was abandoned when Juliana gave birth to a child outside of marriage (1672). Hedwig Eleonora had Juliana sent to the country side, but when she had a second child, she was forcibly married to the father and expelled.
524:, was promoted General-Governor of her dower lands in 1679 and was given the title of count in 1687. Carl Gyllenstierna was the favourite of Hedwig Eleonora and has been pointed out as her lover, and although this is not confirmed, his swift career at court was attributed to his good looks. There is a legend that the residence of Gyllenstierna,
362:. After having seen portraits of both sisters, however, Charles Gustav chose Hedwig Eleonora because of her beauty, and her current fiancé was instead married to Magdalena Sibylle. In the marriage contract, Hedwig Eleonora was granted a dowry of 20.000 riksdaler, 32.000 riksdaler as a dower, and the incomes of the fiefs of Gripsholm,
601:. The supporters of Charles Frederick also wished to have Hedwig Eleonora appointed regent during the minority of Charles Frederick, should he succeed. In 1713, however, she was forced to persuade Ulrika Eleonora to accept the position of regent during the absence of Charles XII. She supported the marriage of Ulrika Eleonora to
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After the death of her son on 5 April 1697, Hedwig
Eleonora again became the regent of Sweden, as the chair of the Regency Council during the minority of her grandson Charles XII. This time, her regency only lasted until the declaration of her grandson's majority in December the same year. During her
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Despite her initial message, Hedwig
Eleonora was in fact present at all council meetings except when she was away to administrate her dower lands. She used her position as regent foremost to protect her son's interests and rights toward the council, and thereby saw it as her duty to be informed and
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After the death of her husband on 13 February 1660, Hedwig
Eleonora became regent of Sweden and chair of the Regency Council of her son Charles XI during his minority. According to the will and testament of Charles Gustav, Hedwig Eleonora was to be the chair and regent with two votes and a final say
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Hedwig
Eleonora has been described as firm and dominant; she was popular at court for her humour and because of her fondness of parties, and was regarded as strict but fair by her employees. Among Hedwig Eleonora's interests were architecture and painting, as well as playing cards; her appetite for
399:. Hedwig Eleonora remained in Sweden for the birth of the future Charles XI the 24 November 1655 and the following Christmas. The spring of 1656, she left Sweden and followed Charles Gustav during his campaign, during which she displayed both physical and mental strength. She was present during the
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met Hedwig
Eleonora in Holstein-Gottorp on her way to Rome after her abdication. Christina was concerned that Charles Gustav was unmarried, and so she suggested the match. The suggestion was immediately accepted by Holstein-Gottorp, who agreed to all demands from Sweden, which made the negotiations
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Hedwig
Eleonora had a very close relationship with her son, Charles XI, who “kept himself to her completely and unreservedly”. She accompanied him during his trips around the country, and during the Scanian war, she often stayed in Vadstena, where he visited her from the war front, to be closer to
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During her regency, she kept thorough records of her contracts and accounts. She spent significant sums to restore the grandeur of the court, since Queen
Christina had taken many of the treasures on her abdication. She was able to cover these costs from the significant income from her personal
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of the
Bishops Terseri, Spegel and Emporagi as heresy: it is known that Hedwig Eleonora especially disliked the catechism of Bishop Emporagi, because it defined women as property. Also Charles XI decisions in the area of rank and art is believed to be influenced by her.
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on 24 October 1654. Charles Gustav was the second cousin of Hedwig
Eleonora's mother. He and Hedwig Eleonora were also third cousins twice. The marriage was arranged as an alliance between Sweden and Holstein-Gottorp against their mutual enemy Denmark. Queen
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gambling was great, and she is reported to have continued playing well into the night. When her mourning period officially ended in 1663, the court was overwhelmed with parties hosted by the queen dowager. As part of the festivities, she opened the theatres
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Hedwig
Eleonora was welcomed by King Charles X Gustav at Dalarö in Sweden 5 October 1654, and stayed at Karlberg Palace before her official arrival at Stockholm for the wedding 24 October. She was greeted, dressed in silver brocade, by queen dowager
403:, during which she received the official praise from the Swedish army alongside her spouse. She returned to Sweden in the autumn of 1656. In Sweden, she took control over her dower lands, which she strictly controlled during her life. After the
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to the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. She opposed the early declaration of majority of Charles XII, but was forced to concede. She also unsuccessfully protested against the fact that her grandson was not asked to make any oath at his coronation.
528:, was built with a secret passage from his bedroom to the bedroom in the so-called Queen's Wing, which was used by Hedwig Eleonora during her frequents visits. During her later years, Hedwig Eleonora was criticized for her favourite,
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512:. Nothing came of it, however, as she refused the proposal: the official ground for her refusal was that she claimed that she wished to remain faithful to her dead husband. In 1667, the young nobleman Count
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present in the decisions, although she did not take part in them. Adolph John of Kleeburg had lost command of the army and his status as a prince of Sweden, and her only support in the council came from
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at the Stockholm Royal Palace, where the wedding was celebrated the same day. She was crowned queen at Storkyrkan 27 October. Shortly after, her husband left for Poland to participate in the
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and the court chaplain Molin. The night before her departure, Gyllenstierna had to door to Hedwig Eleonora's bedroom locked to prevent Bärfelt from contacting the queen dowager.
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Den Glömda Drottningen. Karl XII:s syster. Ulrika Eleonora och hennes tid (The Forgotten Queen. The Sister of Charles XII. Ulrika Eleonora and her time.)
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in 1713. Hedwig Eleonora was described as a dominant personality, and was regarded as the
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ceremony after the wedding of King Carl Gustav and Queen Hedwig Eleanor in 1654.
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Charles XI is believed to have been affected by his mother when he judged the
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Steninge slott - ett lustbygge (Steninge Palace - built for Joy)
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Queen Hedwig shown on a 1680 medal in memory of her late husband
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Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp by David von Krafft
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Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort
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Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, from 1661–1675.
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981:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 56–76.
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1018:(in Swedish). Affärstryckeriet Norrtälje.
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501:Hedwig Eleonora enjoyed great respect as
454:Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg
267:from 1654 until 1660 as the wife of King
263:(23 October 1636 – 24 November 1715) was
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1149:Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
1014:Lund-Eriksson, Nanna (1976).
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933:Dahlgren, Stellan (1969–71).
393:Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
959:(in Swedish). Archived from
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1832:Swedish queens
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1776:(1976–present)
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1624:Gunilla Bielke
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963:on 2007-08-03.
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542:Märta Berendes
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466:Peace of Oliva
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324:Hedwig Eleanor
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158:(aged 79)
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1551:Ingeborg Tott
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1534:Ingeborg Tott
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1136:Royal titles
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1057:(in Swedish).
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1043:91-89442-27-X
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988:0-521-81422-7
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972:(in Swedish).
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953:Ekdahl, Ă…ke.
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847:Granlund 2004
843:
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837:, p. 57.
836:
835:Granlund 2004
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792:, p. 58.
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1120:
1113:
1098:
1084:(in Swedish)
1078:(in Swedish)
1072:(in Swedish)
1053:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
978:
969:
961:the original
955:
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859:Norrhem 2007
854:
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580:Gottorp Fury
577:
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538:Beata Sparre
507:
500:
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389:
327:
314:Consummation
288:
260:
259:
156:(1715-11-24)
1822:1715 deaths
1817:1636 births
1768:(1950–1965)
1760:(1907–1930)
1752:(1872–1907)
1743:(1859–1871)
1734:(1844–1859)
1725:(1818–1844)
1716:(1809–1818)
1707:(1797–1809)
1699:(1771–1792)
1691:(1751–1771)
1683:(1720–1741)
1667:(1680–1693)
1659:(1654–1660)
1651:(1620–1632)
1635:(1592–1598)
1627:(1585–1592)
1619:(1568–1583)
1611:(1567–1568)
1603:(1552–1560)
1595:(1536–1551)
1587:(1531–1533)
1579:(1520–1521)
1570:(1512–1520)
1562:(1504–1512)
1554:(1501–1503)
1546:(1497–1501)
1537:(1470–1497)
1521:(1466–1467)
1513:(1457–1464)
1504:(1448–1450)
1484:(1445–1448)
1475:(1406–1430)
1466:(1365–1377)
1458:(1363–1364)
1449:(1356–1359)
1441:(1335–1363)
1433:(1298–1318)
1425:(1276–1290)
1417:(1260–1275)
1401:(1229–1234)
1393:(1210–1216)
1385:(1200–1208)
1369:(1167–1190)
1353:(1160–1161)
1345:(1156–1160)
1337:(1148–1156)
1329:(1134–1148)
1320:(1127–1130)
1312:(1117–1125)
1303:(1105–1117)
1295:(1105–1118)
1286:(1088–1105)
1278:(1084–1087)
1270:(1079–1084)
1262:(1050–1060)
1254:(1022–1050)
1245:(1000–1022)
1225:Świętosława
522:Scanian War
277:Charles XII
118:Charles XII
1811:Categories
1559:Mette Dyre
1275:Blotstulka
1237:(990s–995)
1160:1654–1660
676:March 2015
640:References
626:Lejonkulan
546:Arvid Horn
364:Eskilstuna
336:, to Duke
305:Early life
294:first lady
273:Charles XI
134:1636-10-23
100:Charles XI
69:Coronation
622:Bollhuset
572:Catechism
518:favourite
450:Per Brahe
415:lived at
334:Schleswig
300:Biography
247:Signature
145:Schleswig
417:Kronborg
290:de facto
915:Karl XI
907:Sources
871:Fryxell
659:sources
427:Regency
197:
181:
177:
114:Monarch
96:Monarch
1529:(1470)
1496:(1448)
1490:(1448)
1283:Helena
1267:Helena
1164:Vacant
1142:Vacant
1126:
1040:
985:
237:Mother
227:Father
187:
167:Spouse
161:Sweden
106:Tenure
85:Tenure
57:Tenure
1128:Died:
1121:Born:
699:Notes
216:House
204:Issue
195:)
183:(
179:
1038:ISBN
983:ISBN
661:but
632:and
624:and
340:and
193:1660
189:1654
151:Died
128:Born
1577:*^
1544:*^
1511:*^
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1227:*^
1097:at
332:in
1813::
1794:^
1788:*
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1714:*
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1327:^
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878:^
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636:.
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185:m.
143:,
1223:/
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
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689:)
683:(
678:)
674:(
668:.
136:)
132:(
20:)
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