403:—managed to break through to Kolberg later in the month, but a comprehensive break out through Russian lines on 17 October failed. Kolberg, although secured by some 20,000 troops, was consuming supplies at a fast rate. The Russian navy had also reappeared and resumed bombardment of the fortress. Platen extricated himself and his troops to safety, but the garrison itself remained trapped inside the city, with depleting supplies, and the Duke's troops remained in their defensive positions. In November, Württemberg abandoned Kolberg, broke through the Russian lines to reunite with Platen; their joint forces assaulted Rumyantsev unsuccessfully from the rear. After this last effort, Platen departed as ordered by Friedrich; Württemberg tried several more times to force his way back into the fortress. On 12 December, the Russian forces halted his attempt at
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arrived with 3,800 men after a 13-day, 340 kilometres (210 mi) forced march from
Silesia. Werner deployed his troops and attacked immediately with such force that the Russians believed they were facing an army of about 20,000; the Russians retreated. Two coins commemorate this act: one with the
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After his brief imprisonment, Heyde was reinstated in
Prussian service in Königsberg, in the fortress of Friedricksburg, but in April 1763, Heyde returned to Kolberg where he remained as commander until his death in 1765. He was buried in the Marienkirche (Saint Mary's Church) of Kolberg. In May
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and secured the surrounding countryside, but he, like the troops stranded inside the fortress, struggled with supply problems. On 18 September, Rumyantsev stormed Württemberg's defenses outside the town, suffering 3,000 casualties and gaining little. Rumyantsev altered his strategy: instead of
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the fortress. After several thwarted attacks, Palmbach appeared to retreat in the night from 29 October; the next day, Heyde repulsed a surprise attack with two battalions, and a troop of armed citizens. For this stubborn defense, he was promoted to
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image of Werner, one with the image of Heyde. The King sent a gold and twenty silver coins with a personal thank you to Heyde. After the second siege of
Kolberg, Frederick reevaluated his previously lukewarm opinion of Heyde:
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Five days later, on 17 December 1761, the starving city capitulated. The city residents, and Heyde, his troops and their families, received medical treatment and food. Heyde and his troops marched to captivity in Russia.
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On 26 August 1760, during the second siege of
Kolberg, a united force of Swedish and Russian troops surrounded the fortress on water and land. On 27 August, Kolberg was bombarded from the sea by the entire Russian
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allies. Heyde deployed his 700 troops to construct siege works on 6 September; cavalry units covered the construction. He defended
Kolberg with his limited number of troops until 18 September, when General
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Heyde entered the
Prussian military in Infantry Regiment Nr. 3 (Alt-Anhalt) in 1718. Between 1726 and 1740, he received a series of promotions. In 1740, he was a staff officer for
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349:: twenty-one ships of the line, three frigates and three bomb vessels. On 29 August, they were joined by six ships of line and three frigates of their
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On 3 October 1758, now as deputy commander of the
Kolberg fortress, Heyde organized the city's defense when the Russian general
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came to power and ended the Russia's participation in the war. The prisoners-of-war turned around and marched back to
Prussia.
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The besieged fortress of
Kolberg fell to the Russians in December 1761 and Heyde and his troops marched into Russian captivity.
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407:, southwest of Kolberg, inflicting 1,000 casualties on the Duke's force. Württemberg's remaining 8,000 troops retreated to
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226:. He was the son of Heinrich Siegmund von der Heyde, heir to Schacksdorf, and Magdalene Sophie von Stutterheim from
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against of which, shortly before his death, 800 were still owed. Heyde and Werner were promoted to the rank of
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Denkmal König
Friedrichs des Grossen: enthüllt am 31. Mai 1851, Berlin: Decker, 1851 OCLC 249315081 (German).
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620:, Volume 5, , Heinsius, 1766. For details on the surrender of the fort, see Christian Friedrich Hempel,
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Anton Balthasar König,Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen: T. G-L, A. Wever, 1789,
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Financially, Heyde's heroism did not pay off; he received as a commander a salary of 600
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wasting troops in storming entrenched defenses, he would cut off Kolberg's supplies.
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near Königsberg. In 1757, he fought against the invading Russian troops but, after the
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Prussian relief troops—several thousand of them commanded by General
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was a Prussian officer and commander-in-chief of Kolberg (born 1703 in the
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Fortgesetzte neue genealogisch-historische Nachrichten von den ...,
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Lebens- und Regierungs-Geschichte Friedrichs des andern Königs ...
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and a new Russian advance in 1758, he withdrew to the fortress of
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Commemorative coin struck to mark the Prussian success at Kolberg.
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Prussian military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
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Helden- Staats- und Lebens Geschichte Des Allerdurchlauchtigsten
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Kolberg's strategic value remained high for the Russians, and a
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I am not infallible; in this man I have been greatly wrong.
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Heyde's stout defense of Kolberg earned him a place on the
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in 1851, on which he is depicted holding a map of Kolberg
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By 1755, Heyde was commander of Fortress Friedrichsburg
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Geschichte Friedrichs des Zweiten Königs von Preussen
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and commander of Grenadier Battalion Nr. 4, still in
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Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
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465:Fahnrich: 16 August 1718 (Regiment Nr. 3)
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579:The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756–1763.
385:Pyotr Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky
445:Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great
338:Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great
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214:Heyde was born 1 January 1703 in
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474:First (Premier) Lieutenant: 1736
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176:Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde
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25:Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde
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387:began on 3 September 1761.
383:under the Russian commander
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542:. volume 1. Böhmen, 1784,
538:Johann Friedrich Seyfart,
295:Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
375:Final siege and captivity
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260:Battle of Hohenfriedberg
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471:Second Lieutenant: 1731
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186:– 4 May 1765 in
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121:Years of service
577:Franz A. J. Szabo,
428:Elizabeth of Russia
401:Dubislav von Platen
323:Frederick the Great
311:Johann von Palmbach
291:Fort Friedrichsburg
218:, a village in the
198:. He received the
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369:lieutenant general
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248:First Silesian War
133:Lieutenant General
669:Prussian generals
618:Obituary of Heyde
559:, Francke, 1787,
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305:Sieges of Kolberg
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71:(1765-05-04)
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659:1703 births
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438:Final years
393:Mecklenburg
381:third siege
224:Brandenburg
216:Schacksdorf
184:Brandenburg
56:Schacksdorf
648:Categories
460:Promotions
283:Königsberg
264:Königsberg
228:Sellendorf
222:region of
182:region of
92:Allegiance
69:4 May 1765
49:1703-01-01
432:Peter III
124:1718–1765
589:, p. 371
314:besieged
109:Service/
498:Sources
409:Stettin
351:Swedish
319:colonel
299:Kolberg
256:Moravia
252:Bohemia
244:captain
194:of the
188:Kolberg
103:Prussia
76:Kolberg
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321:, and
210:Family
160:Awards
111:branch
82:Buried
365:taler
279:major
583:ISBN
451:Rank
405:Spie
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115:Army
66:Died
43:Born
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