139:
146:
303:, in the November 1894 elections. After the county elections board refused to allow her to vote, she sued the board. Gougar, who became one of the first women lawyers in Tippecanoe County, made her first appearance as an attorney in the Tippecanoe County Superior Court in January 1895 on the same day she was admitted to the Tippecanoe County bar, to argue a "test" case. The judge ruled in favor of the election board, but Gougar appealed the case to the
130:
796:
328:
42:
457:
318:
assured her the right regardless of the text in
Indiana's constitution, which limited the franchise to males aged twenty-one and older. The Court, which considered voting a political right, denied the appeal, but Gougar's legal arguments were published in Indiana's newspapers, providing statewide
287:
Frequently criticized for her strong views on women's suffrage, temperance, and prohibition, Gougar sought legal action to protect her reputation on more than one occasion. In 1882, after Gougar discovered that she had been implicated in a rumor of "sexual infidelity" with W. DeWitt
Wallace, a
219:
Gougar's career included work as a newspaper journalist, lawyer, and a temperance and women's suffrage advocate. In addition, she and her husband were active in
Lafayette's civic and social affairs. She served on the committees of several local organizations, including the
283:
opponents. Gougar had more success in securing municipal voting rights for women elsewhere. In 1884 she traveled to Kansas to lead an effort to draft a municipal suffrage bill. Introduced in the Kansas legislature in 1885, it became a state law in 1887.
238:
that produced a series of essays expressing her own views and included the text of her speeches as well as the opinions of others on temperance and women's suffrage. Her unapologetic writing style became her trademark. In 1881 Gougar began editing
251:
Gougar began her public life as a temperance advocate. She claimed to have joined the women's suffrage movement after concluding that attaining voting rights for women would be an effective way to resolve issues for victims of domestic violence.
167:. Gougar attracted attention for arguing a case for her right to vote in the 1894 elections. In addition to her advocacy work, Gougar became a public speaker and frequently campaigned to elect politicians who shared her views on
224:, Lafayette Home Association, Ladies Benevolent Society, and the Second Presbyterian Church, but her temperance and women's suffrage activities gained public attention in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
292:(1883) the jury found in favor of Gougar and awarded her $ 5,000 in damages. The victory encouraged her to continue the fight for temperance and women's rights. In 1893 Gougar sued Massachusetts congressman
274:
Gougar also campaigned for state and national political candidates to elect politicians who supported passage of women's suffrage and temperance legislation. In the 1882 Indiana elections she campaigned for
856:
288:
Republican candidate for state representative, she filed a lawsuit against
Lafayette Sheriff Henry Mandler, who acknowledged he circulated the rumors, and charged him with slander. In
263:
in
February 1881 to urge them to support a bill allowing women to vote in national elections, but it failed to pass. A subsequent amendment to the Indiana constitution passed in the
356:
315:
163:, bar in 1895 to present a "test" case, she was among the first women lawyers in the county. In 1897 she became one of the first women to argue a case before the
846:
256:
355:
Gougar died unexpectedly at her home in
Lafayette on June 6, 1907. Her death occurred more than a decade before women achieved voting rights under the
831:
362:
A state historical marker in
Tippecanoe County, Indiana, was dedicated in November 2014 to honor Gougar's efforts to secure voting rights for women.
836:
176:
851:
841:
446:
A Woman of the
Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life
687:
668:
638:
Graban, Tarez Samra (2011). "Towards a "Second
Generation Suffragism": Language Politics in the Ironic Discourse of an American Suffragist".
497:
259:
in 1881, Gougar returned to
Indiana and began lobbying for passage of legislation allowing women to vote. She appeared before members of the
800:
203:, with her brothers and three uncles. She worked as a teacher in Lafayette's public school system and became a school principal in 1863.
826:
778:
755:
625:
Adams, Jennifer (Spring 2011). "Lafayette's Trial of the Nineteenth Century: The Scandal, Rumor, and Politics of Helen M. Gougar".
382:
Jennifer Adams (Spring 2011). "Lafayette's Trial of the Nineteenth Century: The Scandal, Rumor, and Politics of Helen M. Gougar".
280:
276:
264:
155:(July 18, 1843 – June 6, 1907) was a lawyer, temperance and women's rights advocate, and newspaper journalist who resided in
702:
411:
232:
In the 1870s and 1880s Gougar worked as a newspaper journalist. She wrote a weekly column called "Bric-a-Brac" for the
343:
nominated her for Indiana attorney general in 1896 and she campaigned for politicians who shared her views, including
271:
in 1881, but it failed to pass during the 1883 legislative session, a requirement before it could become a state law.
211:
In 1863 Helen married John Gougar, a Lafayette attorney, and became his legal apprentice. The couple had no children.
300:
188:
160:
310:
On February 10, 1897, Gougar became one of the first women to argue a case before the Indiana Supreme Court. In
260:
138:
145:
344:
332:
179:. An Indiana historical marker, dedicated in 2014, honors her efforts to secure voting rights for women.
450:
304:
164:
821:
816:
234:
192:
168:
200:
156:
774:
751:
683:
664:
493:
340:
196:
678:
Osborn, Elizabeth R. (2015). "Helen Gougar". In Gugin, Linda C.; James E. St. Clair (eds.).
647:
129:
721:
537:
436:
293:
243:, a weekly newspaper that supported temperance and suffrage issues, and became its owner.
17:
767:
440:
268:
810:
461:
444:
314:(1897), she argued that voting was a natural right of men and women and that the
172:
347:. She was a frequent public speaker and traveled extensively with her husband.
327:
41:
795:
651:
299:
Gougar tested the state's voting laws when she attempted to vote in
682:. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. pp. 138–40.
492:. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. pp. 138–40.
326:
279:
who supported women's suffrage, but most of them were defeated by
144:
137:
460:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
221:
646:(1). International Gender and Language Association: 31–59.
255:
Following her attendance at the annual convention of the
857:
National American Woman Suffrage Association activists
748:
Women's Irony: Rewriting Feminist Rhetorical Histories
722:"Women's History Month 2015: Helen Gougar (1843–1907)"
680:
Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State
661:
Women's Irony: Rewriting Feminist Rhetorical Histories
538:"Women's History Month 2015: Helen Gougar (1843–1907)"
490:
Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State
339:
Gougar remained active in politics in later life. The
316:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
633:(2). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 38–45.
769:
Where the Saints Have Trod: The Life of Helen Gougar
488:Gugin, Linda C.; St. Clair, James E., eds. (2015).
122:
114:
106:
98:
90:
74:
51:
32:
766:
750:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
663:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
390:(2). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 39.
187:Helen Mar Jackson was born on July 18, 1843, in
577:
575:
589:
587:
727:. Indiana Commission for Women. March 2, 2015
543:. Indiana Commission for Women. March 2, 2015
520:
518:
401:
399:
397:
8:
532:
530:
257:National American Women Suffrage Association
773:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
110:Advocacy of temperance and women's suffrage
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
377:
375:
40:
29:
703:"Helen Gougar: Foot Soldier For Suffrage"
412:"Helen Gougar: Foot Soldier For Suffrage"
627:Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History
384:Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History
486:Elizabeth R. Osborn, "Helen Gougar" in
371:
319:exposure of her views on the subject.
102:Lawyer, activist, newspaper journalist
7:
801:Woman of the Century/Helen M. Gougar
247:Lawyer and women's suffrage advocate
177:Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association
847:19th-century American women lawyers
25:
443:(1893). "GOUGAR, Mrs. Helen M.".
246:
222:Young Men's Christian Association
832:People from Litchfield, Michigan
794:
455:
265:Indiana House of Representatives
175:. She was the President for the
128:
837:People from Lafayette, Indiana
1:
852:19th-century American lawyers
842:American temperance activists
746:Graban, Tarez Samra. (2015).
659:Graban, Tarez Samra (2015).
765:Kriebel, Robert C. (1985).
699:Indiana Magazine of History
441:Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice
408:Indiana Magazine of History
27:American lawyer (1843–1907)
873:
437:Willard, Frances Elizabeth
359:to the U.S. Constitution.
301:Tippecanoe County, Indiana
189:Hillsdale County, Michigan
161:Tippecanoe County, Indiana
69:Hillsdale County, Michigan
127:
39:
827:Suffragists from Indiana
261:Indiana General Assembly
199:. In 1860, she moved to
183:Early life and education
18:Helen Mar Jackson Gougar
709:. Indiana Public Media
418:. Indiana Public Media
345:William Jennings Bryan
336:
333:A Woman of the Century
149:
142:
611:Osborn, pp. 138, 140.
451:Charles Wells Moulton
330:
305:Indiana Supreme Court
165:Indiana Supreme Court
148:
141:
652:10.1558/genl.v5i1.31
357:Nineteenth Amendment
228:Newspaper journalist
193:Litchfield, Michigan
191:. She was raised in
640:Gender and Language
602:Osborn, pp. 139–40.
581:Osborn, pp. 138–39.
312:Gougar v Timberlake
207:Marriage and family
453:. pp. 328–29.
337:
201:Lafayette, Indiana
195:, and educated at
159:. Admitted to the
157:Lafayette, Indiana
150:
143:
85:Lafayette, Indiana
799:Works related to
707:Moment of History
701:(March 5, 2012).
689:978-0-87195-387-2
670:978-0-8093-3418-6
593:Adams, pp. 44–45.
524:Adams, pp. 40–41.
512:Adams, pp. 39–40.
499:978-0-87195-387-2
416:Moment of History
410:(March 5, 2012).
341:Prohibition Party
290:Gougar v. Mandler
235:Lafayette Courier
197:Hillsdale College
136:
135:
94:Hillsdale College
56:Helen Mar Jackson
16:(Redirected from
864:
798:
784:
772:
761:
735:
733:
732:
726:
717:
715:
714:
693:
674:
655:
634:
612:
609:
603:
600:
594:
591:
582:
579:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
551:
549:
548:
542:
534:
525:
522:
513:
510:
504:
503:
484:
465:
459:
458:
454:
433:
427:
426:
424:
423:
403:
392:
391:
379:
351:Death and legacy
169:women's suffrage
132:
81:
65:
63:
44:
30:
21:
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
863:
862:
861:
807:
806:
791:
781:
764:
758:
745:
742:
740:Further reading
730:
728:
724:
720:
712:
710:
696:
690:
677:
671:
658:
637:
624:
621:
616:
615:
610:
606:
601:
597:
592:
585:
580:
573:
568:
564:
559:
555:
546:
544:
540:
536:
535:
528:
523:
516:
511:
507:
500:
487:
485:
468:
456:
435:
434:
430:
421:
419:
405:
404:
395:
381:
380:
373:
368:
353:
325:
294:Elijah A. Morse
249:
230:
217:
209:
185:
153:Helen M. Gougar
91:Alma mater
86:
83:
79:
70:
67:
61:
59:
58:
57:
47:
35:
34:Helen M. Gougar
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
870:
868:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
809:
808:
805:
804:
790:
789:External links
787:
786:
785:
779:
762:
756:
741:
738:
737:
736:
718:
694:
688:
675:
669:
656:
635:
620:
617:
614:
613:
604:
595:
583:
571:
562:
553:
526:
514:
505:
498:
466:
428:
393:
370:
369:
367:
364:
352:
349:
324:
321:
269:Indiana Senate
248:
245:
229:
226:
216:
213:
208:
205:
184:
181:
134:
133:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
82:(aged 63)
76:
72:
71:
68:
55:
53:
49:
48:
46:Gougar in 1902
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
869:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
803:at Wikisource
802:
797:
793:
792:
788:
782:
780:9780911198737
776:
771:
770:
763:
759:
757:9780809334186
753:
749:
744:
743:
739:
723:
719:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
685:
681:
676:
672:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
608:
605:
599:
596:
590:
588:
584:
578:
576:
572:
569:Adams, p. 44.
566:
563:
560:Adams, p. 42.
557:
554:
539:
533:
531:
527:
521:
519:
515:
509:
506:
501:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:public domain
452:
448:
447:
442:
438:
432:
429:
417:
413:
409:
402:
400:
398:
394:
389:
385:
378:
376:
372:
365:
363:
360:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
334:
329:
322:
320:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
285:
282:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
244:
242:
237:
236:
227:
225:
223:
214:
212:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
147:
140:
131:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:Occupation(s)
97:
93:
89:
77:
73:
66:July 18, 1843
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
768:
747:
729:. Retrieved
711:. Retrieved
706:
698:
679:
660:
643:
639:
630:
626:
607:
598:
565:
556:
545:. Retrieved
508:
489:
445:
431:
420:. Retrieved
415:
407:
387:
383:
361:
354:
338:
311:
309:
298:
289:
286:
273:
254:
250:
240:
233:
231:
218:
210:
186:
152:
151:
80:(1907-06-06)
78:June 6, 1907
822:1907 deaths
817:1843 births
323:Later years
296:for libel.
277:Republicans
173:prohibition
118:John Gougar
811:Categories
731:2016-05-06
713:2016-05-06
619:References
547:2016-05-06
422:2016-05-06
281:Democratic
241:Our Herald
62:1843-07-18
123:Signature
267:and the
697:Staff,
406:Staff,
777:
754:
686:
667:
496:
215:Career
115:Spouse
725:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
366:Notes
775:ISBN
752:ISBN
684:ISBN
665:ISBN
494:ISBN
171:and
75:Died
52:Born
648:doi
813::
705:.
642:.
631:23
629:.
586:^
574:^
529:^
517:^
469:^
449:.
439:;
414:.
396:^
388:23
386:.
374:^
307:.
783:.
760:.
734:.
716:.
692:.
673:.
654:.
650::
644:5
550:.
502:.
464:.
425:.
335:"
331:"
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
