112:
221:. However, during her second year, she withdrew from the school due to injuries obtained when she fainted during observation of a medical procedure and struck her head on a marble hearth. While recovering, she became interested in the chemical properties of plants after reading about an incident in which children ingested poisonous roots that they mistakenly thought were wild carrots.
31:
283:
During the summer of 1887, Michael traveled throughout the
European continent to visit with many accomplished scientists. She visited laboratories and institutions in Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, and Britain. The scientists received Helen due to the letter of introduction she had in her possession
359:
and its presence in plants placed it in the "saponin group". Michael predicted in a lecture on "Plant
Analysis as an Applied Science" that chemists of the future would be able to produce, through synthetic means, the proteins, sugars, and starches needed in the human diet.
256:
The
Trustees of the school were impressed with her work and allowed her to lecture to students, the first woman permitted in the school's history. They also funded a new research laboratory with a section for female researchers.
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for four years and conducted chemical research in a private, self-equipped laboratory. Helen's work from this laboratory produced four published papers regarding synthetic organic chemistry.
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on
December 23, 1857, to James Abbott and Caroline Montelius. She was educated at home with private tutors and studied piano in Paris. She performed in a concert on the
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Along with another female physician, she transformed her house into a free hospital for the treatment of the poor. She died in Boston on
November 29, 1904, due to
276:, she was allowed access to the government greenhouses for research after a presentation at the Philosophical and Anthropological and Biological Societies at the
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could be traced through plant chemistry and that similar species of plants could be identified through similar chemical compounds. She conducted research on
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In 1895, the
Michaels' returned to the United States and Arthur returned to Tufts University. Helen began studying the
214:, was an explorer and naturalist whose collection of furs, skins, birds and plants contributed to multiple museums.
234:
140:
44:
303:, whom she married in June 1888. In 1890, Arthur accepted a position of director of the Chemical Laboratory at
729:
Biographical
Snapshots of Famous Women and Minority Chemists: Snapshot – Helen Cecilia DeSilver Abbott Michael"
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which sparked her interest in science. She expanded her areas of scientific interest beyond optics to include
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Tarbell, Ann Tracey; D. Stanley
Tarbell (1982), "Helen Abbott Michael: Pioneer in Plant Chemistry",
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and transformed her house in Boston into a free hospital for the poor, however she died from
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Women in
Chemistry - Their Changing Role from Alchemical Times to the Mid-Twentieth Century
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recommended she become a professional piano player and offered to personally instruct her.
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From 1884 to 1888, Michael conducted research along with
Professors Henry Trimble and
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on a review of synthetic work of sugars She determined the chemical composition of
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and documented the relationship between chemical composition and plant morphology.
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meeting in Philadelphia. She also presented her research to large audiences at the
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Finley, Thomas K.; Siegel, Patricia J.; Grinstein, Louise S.; Rose, Rose K;
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and their role throughout a plant's development. She also determined that
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contracted from one of her patients. She was married to organic chemist
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143:. She published several scientific papers and gave lectures to the
131:. She documented the relationship between chemical composition and
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In 1881, while in Paris, Michael purchased and read a used copy of
315:. In 1891, Helen and Arthur moved to the English coastal town of
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for plants. She was the first woman to lecture to students at the
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of sugar molecules. In 1895, she gave a presentation before the
595:. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp. 36–37.
660:
Women in Chemistry and Physics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook
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Studies in Plant and Organic Chemistry and Literary Papers
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contracted from one of her patients. She was interred at
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Rayner-Canham, Marlene; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (2001).
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and conducted research with Professor Arthur Michael of
123:(December 23, 1857 – November 29, 1904) was an American
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Industrialization and Political Activisim: 1861 to 1899
856:
Leonard, John W., ed. (1903), "Helen Abbott Michael",
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In August 1884, Michael presented her research to the
464:
Oglivie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy (2000).
467:
The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
145:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
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94:
86:
75:
52:
37:
21:
862:, Chicago: A. N. Marquis and Company, p. 1020
552:. Philadelphia: T.C. Davis & Sons. p. 375
237:. She published two original research papers, one
411:, Riverside Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1907
657:(1993), "Helen Cecilia DeSilver Abbott Micael",
397:Comparative Chemistry of Higher and Lower Plants
998:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni
948:Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
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963:Members of the American Philosophical Society
663:, Westport, CT: Greenwood, pp. 405–409,
399:, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1887
8:
648:
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549:The Botanists of Philadelphia and Their Work
217:In the fall of 1882, Michael studied at the
179:Helen Cecilia De Silver Abbott was born in
988:Tufts University School of Medicine alumni
958:Infectious disease deaths in Massachusetts
953:Deaths from influenza in the United States
29:
18:
470:. New York: Routledge. pp. 891–892.
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453:
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430:Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft (Berlin)
405:, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1887
187:in 1878 that received positive reviews.
815:"Helen Abbott Michael: An Appreciation"
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689:. New York: Facts on File. p. 76.
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219:Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania
933:19th-century American women physicians
409:Studies in Plant and Organic Chemistry
121:Helen Cecilia De Silver Abbott Michael
421:American Philosophical Society (1887)
159:. She received a medical degree from
7:
403:Plant Analysis as an Applied Science
683:Purdy, Elizabeth Rholetter (2020).
370:Tufts University School of Medicine
161:Tufts University School of Medicine
993:University of the Sciences faculty
427:Franklin Institute of Philadelphia
200:Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik
82:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
14:
938:19th-century American physicians
778:. American Philosophical Society
235:Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
141:Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
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813:Kraemer, Henry (January 1908).
928:19th-century American chemists
838:Michael, Helen Abbott (1907).
372:in 1900, and graduated with a
1:
968:People from the Isle of Wight
869:Journal of Chemical Education
734:Journal of Chemical Education
546:Harshberger, John W. (1899).
278:United States National Museum
983:Scientists from Philadelphia
973:Physicians from Philadelphia
819:American Journal of Pharmacy
16:American chemist (1857–1904)
270:Academy of Natural Sciences
250:On the Occurrence of Solid
153:Academy of Natural Sciences
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1003:Chemists from Pennsylvania
737:. Accessed January 5, 2008
45:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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776:www.search.amphilsoc.org
175:Early life and education
135:and proposed a chemical
943:American women chemists
290:Smithsonian Institution
286:Samuel Pierpont Langley
157:Smithsonian Institution
978:Scientists from Boston
844:. The Riverside Press.
655:Rafailovich, Miriam H.
343:Michael proposed that
416:Activities and honors
376:degree in June 1903.
231:Samuel Philip Sadtler
196:Hermann von Helmholtz
68:Boston, Massachusetts
859:Who's Who in America
772:"APS Member History"
385:Laurel Hill Cemetery
272:in Philadelphia. In
212:William Louis Abbott
210:. Her first cousin,
80:Laurel Hill Cemetery
23:Helen Abbott Michael
881:1982JChEd..59..548T
719:, pp. 111–112.
288:, secretary of the
337:Yucca angustifolia
332:Franklin Institute
266:Franklin Institute
149:Franklin Institute
90:Chemist, physician
889:10.1021/ed059p548
696:978-1-4381-8322-0
387:in Philadelphia.
295:Michael moved to
127:and a pioneer in
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56:November 29, 1904
41:December 23, 1857
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301:Tufts University
225:Chemistry career
189:Arabella Goddard
133:plant morphology
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345:plant evolution
328:stereochemistry
274:Washington D.C.
243:in the Bark of
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875:(7): 548–9,
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827:. Retrieved
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797:Michael 1907
792:
780:. Retrieved
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759:Michael 1907
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747:Kraemer 1908
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717:Michael 1907
712:
700:. Retrieved
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638:Kraemer 1908
623:Michael 1907
618:
606:. Retrieved
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574:Kraemer 1908
554:. Retrieved
548:
541:
534:Michael 1907
529:
524:, p. 8.
522:Michael 1907
517:
510:Kraemer 1908
505:
498:Michael 1907
493:
481:. Retrieved
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439:
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391:Publications
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259:
252:Hydrocarbons
249:
248:and another
241:Haemotoxylin
238:
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216:
199:
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181:Philadelphia
178:
120:
119:
923:1904 deaths
918:1857 births
912:Categories
435:References
349:glucosides
254:in Plants.
60:1904-11-30
440:Citations
381:influenza
357:glucoside
317:Bonchurch
309:Worcester
165:influenza
105:Signature
268:and the
155:and the
137:taxonomy
877:Bibcode
829:July 7,
807:Sources
353:saponin
319:on the
233:at the
208:zoology
204:anatomy
125:chemist
58: (
782:8 July
702:8 July
693:
667:
608:9 July
599:
556:8 July
483:7 July
474:
297:Boston
151:, the
95:Spouse
70:, U.S.
47:, U.S.
903:Grave
355:is a
284:from
831:2023
784:2023
704:2023
691:ISBN
665:ISBN
610:2023
597:ISBN
558:2023
485:2023
472:ISBN
374:M.D.
53:Died
38:Born
885:doi
307:in
239:On
198:'s
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