406:, the prostaglandin degrading enzyme which breaks down PGE2. This enzyme appears to be a master regulator of muscle aging. If 15-PGDH is overexpressed in muscles of young mice, they exhibit muscle atrophy and weakness that mimic the effect of years of aging. Conversely, using a small molecule drug to reduce the activity of 15-PGDH in old mice markedly increases muscle mass, strength and endurance when running on a treadmill. These experiments showed that 15-PDGH is a pivotal molecular determinant of aging in muscle — a new class of molecule Blau termed a “gerozyme”.
214:. Blau is known for overturning the prevailing view that once a cell assumes a certain specialty in the body — or differentiated state —such as a skin or liver cell, it cannot be changed. Her research established that the fate of mammalian cells can be altered. Her finding that specialized cells can be triggered to turn on genetic programs characteristic of other differentiated states provided early evidence that mammalian cellular reprogramming was possible and opened the door to the use of reprogramming in
410:
age. A total of 3 to 5% of the population in the United States suffers from such disorders, and the available treatment options are limited. Blau’s laboratory showed that inhibiting the gerozyme restores neuromuscular connections after either an acute or chronic loss of synapses due injury or aging.
421:
that make up muscle fibers, and repressing harmful aging-associated pathways. Coupled with its effect on muscle stem cells and motor axons, 15-PGDH represents a potent target for treatments designed to enhance muscle strength in those who are frail due to muscle disuse, genetic disease, or age. Blau
297:
and differentiated states. Her experiments showed that previously silent genes could be activated. Specifically, when human skin, connective tissue, or liver cells were fused with mouse muscle cells, the human cells began to make muscle-specific gene products. This body of work showed that the
454:
Blau is known for her support of women in science and her success in mentoring numerous young scientists who comprise the next generation of academic leaders in muscle biology, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. She has trained more than 95 students and postdoctoral scholars and she
377:
levels, and that this increase is a hallmark of age-related muscle stem cell dysfunction. CD47 is a protein found on the surface of many cells in the body that protects them from attack by the body’s immune system; an increase in the number of CD47 molecules on old or diseased cells can prevent the
225:
Blau is also known internationally for her work on adult stem cells and how they maintain, repair and rejuvenate tissues, in particular muscle. She revealed the role of the microenvironment of the niche, most notably tissue stiffness, in regulating stem cell function and showed how stem cell
351:
dishes, the elastic hydrogel preserves the stemness of the cells when grown in culture. This discovery provided the first functional link between substrate elasticity and the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal properties and established a paradigm with broad utility to enhance the regenerative
393:
like ibuprofen that inhibit PGE2 synthesis, leads to loss of muscle strength after injury. Injection of PGE2 into injured muscles causes resident muscle stem cells to increase in number and enhances muscle repair. These experiments showed that PGE2 is required and sufficient for muscle stem cell
409:
When skeletal muscles lose synapses, points of contact with the nerves, they atrophy and weaken, which compromises mobility and affects quality of life. Denervation can be sudden due to a traumatic injury that compresses or severs the nerves or can occur progressively over time with disease or
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and showed that the regenerative properties of aged muscle stem cells could be rejuvenated through a combination of biophysical (growth on the bioengineered hydrogels Blau’s lab designed) and biochemical (blocking p38MAPK) signals. More recently, Blau showed that muscle stem cells exhibit an
323:
Adult stem cells are found in tissues throughout the body. When they divide during development, or to repair damage after injury, one daughter cell remains a stem cell (it self-renews), while the other differentiates (it specializes) to become one of the cell types that make up that tissue.
1910:
Dieleman, Joseph L.; Cao, Jackie; Chapin, Abby; Chen, Carina; Li, Zhiyin; Liu, Angela; Horst, Cody; Kaldjian, Alexander; Matyasz, Taylor; Scott, Kirstin Woody; Bui, Anthony L.; Campbell, Madeline; Duber, Herbert C.; Dunn, Abe C.; Flaxman, Abraham D. (2020-03-03).
1386:
Porpiglia, Ermelinda; Mai, Thach; Kraft, Peggy; Holbrook, Colin A.; de Morree, Antoine; Gonzalez, Veronica D.; Hilgendorf, Keren I.; Frésard, Laure; Trejo, Angelica; Bhimaraju, Sriram; Jackson, Peter K.; Fantl, Wendy J.; Blau, Helen M. (2022-12-01).
2761:
389:(PGE2) as a critical component of the inflammatory response that orchestrates the natural muscle repair process. They showed that blocking the ability of muscle stem cells to respond to PGE2, or treatment with
306:
can reprogram the cell to become a different type of cell. This discovery of an unexpected plasticity, or flexibility, in cell fate was foundational for the development of the field of stem cell biology and
2771:
495:
and president of the
International Society of Differentiation. She has organized numerous national and international conferences and is an elected member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences that advises
2756:
2766:
1845:
Sampath, Srinath C.; Sampath, Srihari C.; Ho, Andrew T. V.; Corbel, Stéphane Y.; Millstone, Joshua D.; Lamb, John; Walker, John; Kinzel, Bernd; Schmedt, Christian; Blau, Helen M. (2018-04-18).
1314:
Ho, Andrew T. V.; Palla, Adelaida R.; Blake, Matthew R.; Yucel, Nora D.; Wang, Yu Xin; Magnusson, Klas E. G.; Holbrook, Colin A.; Kraft, Peggy E.; Delp, Scott L.; Blau, Helen M. (2017-06-27).
281:), she joined the faculty at Stanford University in 1978. She was awarded an endowed chair in 1999 and named Director of the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology in 2002. She is married to
1252:
Cosgrove, Benjamin D.; Gilbert, Penney M.; Porpiglia, Ermelinda; Mourkioti, Foteini; Lee, Steven P.; Corbel, Stephane Y.; Llewellyn, Michael E.; Delp, Scott L.; Blau, Helen M. (March 2014).
576:
413:
Further experiments showed that blocking the activity of the gerozyme has a synergistic beneficial effect on muscle: enhancing the number and function of cellular energy factories called
293:
It was long thought that the differentiated state is fixed and irreversible. In the 1980s, Blau challenged that idea using a cell fusion system she devised to join cells of two different
2776:
442:. She earned an Outstanding Inventor Award from the Stanford University Office of Technology Licensing and is recognized as one of Stanford’s top innovators. She was elected to the
1513:
Bakooshli, Mohsen A.; Wang, Yu Xin; Monti, Elena; Su, Shiqi; Kraft, Peggy; Nalbandian, Minas; Alexandrova, Ludmila; Wheeler, Joshua R.; Vogel, Hannes; Blau, Helen M. (2023-10-11).
226:
function declines in aging and hereditary muscle wasting diseases. She discovered ways to rejuvenate aged stem cell function. Blau discovered a new class of aging-associated
2781:
2251:
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body from disposing of them properly. Overcoming this increase in CD47 levels led to a robust increase in muscle strength after injury. These approaches provide a paradigm for
534:
335:. Her lab pioneered the use of bioluminescence imaging to monitor the dynamics of muscle stem cell engraftment in muscles in live mice and confirmed that the cells were true
230:
she termed a “gerozyme” and showed that pharmacological targeting of the gerozyme in aged muscle tissue can rejuvenate tissue structure and metabolism and increase strength.
2786:
1184:
Gilbert, P. M.; Havenstrite, K. L.; Magnusson, K. E. G.; Sacco, A.; Leonardi, N. A.; Kraft, P.; Nguyen, N. K.; Thrun, S.; Lutolf, M. P.; Blau, H. M. (2010-08-27).
446:
in 2017. Blau consults for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and is the founder of two companies focused on regenerative medicine to increase healthspan.
1451:
Palla, A. R.; Ravichandran, M.; Wang, Y. X.; Alexandrova, L.; Yang, A. V.; Kraft, P.; Holbrook, C. A.; SchĂĽrch, C. M.; Ho, A. T. V.; Blau, H. M. (2021-01-29).
735:
516:
488:
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2736:
653:
38:
2592:
2075:
Thomas, James A.; Hamm, Thomas E.; Perkins, Pamela L.; Raffin, Thomas A.; The
Stanford University Medical Center Committee on Ethics (1988-06-16).
594:
278:
2051:
211:
2801:
546:
480:
369:
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311:. It was featured as “Plasticity of the Differentiated State” on the cover of the Frontiers in Biology special issue of the journal
2741:
512:
390:
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in the departments of
Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Division of Medical Genetics at The University of California, San Francisco (
2746:
2234:
1515:"Regeneration of neuromuscular synapses after acute and chronic denervation by inhibiting the gerozyme 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase"
168:
933:
Blau, H. M.; Pavlath, G. K.; Hardeman, E. C.; Chiu, C. P.; Silberstein, L.; Webster, S. G.; Miller, S. C.; Webster, C. (1985-11-15).
659:
601:
492:
484:
210:. She is the Donald E. and Delia B. Baxter Foundation Professor and the Director of the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology at
2658:
2791:
683:
50th
Anniversary Symposium on Jacob and Monod’s Operon Model (in honor of Francois Jacob), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 2011
570:
564:
2511:
2348:
697:
686:
558:
443:
219:
2368:
2363:
1316:"Prostaglandin E2 is essential for efficacious skeletal muscle stem-cell function, augmenting regeneration and strength"
582:
552:
540:
472:
468:
274:
2393:
2307:
2243:
618:
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discussing animal research policies and the use of human fetal tissue in medicine. Recently, she helped implement the
476:
194:
27:
298:
differentiated state requires continuous reinforcement, and that a shift in the balance of regulator proteins called
665:
464:
1389:"Elevated CD47 is a hallmark of dysfunctional aged muscle stem cells that can be targeted to augment regeneration"
2268:
2483:
340:
2227:
2124:"The ethical use of human fetal tissue in medicine. Stanford University Medical Center Committee on Ethics"
1723:
Lutolf, Matthias P.; Doyonnas, Regis; Havenstrite, Karen; Koleckar, Kassie; Blau, Helen M. (January 2009).
2726:
2628:
2557:
722:
647:
439:
203:
2544:
2516:
2452:
2353:
2289:
308:
199:
154:
150:
680:
Keynote
Speaker, Chromatin, Replication and Chromosomal Stability Conference, Stockholm, Sweden (2011)
2731:
2587:
1858:
1793:
1327:
1197:
1129:
1061:
946:
677:
The
American Association for Cancer Research Irving Weinstein Foundation Distinguished Lecture (2011)
299:
1968:
Beaudart, Charlotte; Rizzoli, René; Bruyère, Olivier; Reginster, Jean-Yves; Biver, Emmanuel (2014).
285:, also a Professor at Stanford. They have two children, Daniel Blau Spiegel and Julia Blau Spiegel.
2421:
2302:
2206:
1116:
Sacco, Alessandra; Doyonnas, Regis; Kraft, Peggy; Vitorovic, Stefan; Blau, Helen M. (2008-11-27).
2358:
629:
251:
247:
101:
96:
1453:"Inhibition of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH rejuvenates aged muscle mass and strength"
2212:
2638:
2220:
2151:
2143:
2104:
2096:
2009:
1991:
1950:
1932:
1892:
1874:
1827:
1809:
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1705:
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1656:
1648:
1609:
1591:
1552:
1534:
1490:
1472:
1426:
1408:
1363:
1345:
1291:
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1231:
1213:
1163:
1145:
1095:
1077:
1030:
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970:
962:
912:
904:
862:
854:
812:
804:
328:
2122:
Greely, H. T.; Hamm, T.; Johnson, R.; Price, C. R.; Weingarten, R.; Raffin, T. (1989-04-20).
2700:
2648:
2618:
2408:
2378:
2325:
2135:
2088:
1999:
1981:
1940:
1924:
1882:
1866:
1817:
1801:
1752:
1736:
1687:
1640:
1599:
1583:
1542:
1526:
1480:
1464:
1416:
1400:
1353:
1335:
1281:
1265:
1221:
1205:
1153:
1137:
1085:
1069:
1020:
1004:
954:
896:
846:
796:
731:
402:
In 2021 Blau discovered that with aging muscles accumulate increasing amounts of the enzyme
386:
1254:"Rejuvenation of the muscle stem cell population restores strength to injured aged muscles"
37:
2687:
2623:
2403:
2284:
2076:
2434:
463:
Blau has served on many prominent scientific advisory boards and councils, including the
1862:
1797:
1644:
1570:
Pomerantz, Jason H.; Mukherjee, Semanti; Palermo, Adam T.; Blau, Helen M. (2009-04-01).
1547:
1514:
1331:
1201:
1133:
1065:
950:
2633:
2608:
2571:
2447:
2442:
2388:
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2004:
1969:
1945:
1912:
1887:
1846:
1822:
1781:
1757:
1724:
1604:
1571:
1485:
1452:
1421:
1388:
1358:
1315:
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1253:
1226:
1185:
1158:
1117:
1090:
1049:
1025:
992:
508:
365:
348:
332:
2720:
2705:
2643:
2549:
2488:
2470:
2457:
2426:
2333:
2273:
2247:
1692:
1675:
900:
850:
800:
756:
588:
430:
Blau is an ardent inventor who holds 16 issued US patents and numerous international
414:
282:
255:
243:
239:
114:
1847:"Induction of muscle stem cell quiescence by the secreted niche factor Oncostatin M"
2695:
2672:
2653:
2534:
2529:
2478:
2465:
2343:
2312:
2028:"Helen M. Blau Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications - Justia Patents Search"
2027:
693:
497:
379:
360:
In 2014 Blau’s lab provided early evidence that stem cell function declines during
303:
267:
1186:"Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture"
1530:
734:
Lectureship, in honor of pioneering stem cell biologist, Presidential
Symposium,
2677:
2498:
2413:
2317:
2139:
2092:
712:
507:
Blau is an active proponent of the ethical use of stem cells, fetal tissues and
1870:
1404:
1320:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2682:
2524:
2503:
2493:
2398:
2338:
885:"5-Azacytidine permits gene activation in a previously noninducible cell type"
2147:
2100:
1995:
1936:
1878:
1813:
1748:
1701:
1652:
1595:
1538:
1476:
1412:
1349:
1277:
1217:
1149:
1081:
1016:
966:
908:
858:
808:
703:
Yvette Mayent-Rothschild
Visiting Professorship, Institut Curie, Paris (2013)
1986:
1468:
1340:
1209:
958:
418:
364:
due to internal defects, in addition to external factors. They identified a
336:
215:
158:
2123:
2013:
1954:
1928:
1896:
1831:
1766:
1725:"Perturbation of single hematopoietic stem cell fates in artificial niches"
1628:
1613:
1556:
1494:
1430:
1367:
1295:
1235:
1167:
1099:
934:
884:
834:
784:
706:
Stanford Office of
Technology Licensing’s Outstanding Inventor Award (2015)
422:
is actively involved in efforts to translate these findings to the clinic.
2155:
2108:
1709:
1660:
1034:
1008:
974:
916:
866:
816:
2539:
2373:
2196:
718:
501:
487:, American Society for Gene Therapy, Ellison Medical Foundation, and the
435:
344:
182:
132:
1805:
1572:"Reprogramming to a muscle fate by fusion recapitulates differentiation"
1141:
1073:
674:
Rolf-Sammet-Fonds Visiting Professorship, University of Frankfurt (2003)
347:
with a stiffness that mimics healthy young muscle. Unlike rigid plastic
1587:
785:"Cytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons"
633:
622:
294:
1780:
Lutolf, Matthias P.; Gilbert, Penney M.; Blau, Helen M. (2009-11-26).
519:’s 2023 “Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation”.
2613:
1740:
1118:"Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells"
709:
The Glenn Award for Research in Biological Mechanisms of Aging (2015)
431:
361:
270:
227:
207:
56:
1269:
835:"Reprogramming cell differentiation in the absence of DNA synthesis"
198:
is a cell biologist and stem cell researcher famous for her work on
2169:
2052:"Three faculty members named National Academy of Inventors fellows"
2762:
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
1913:"US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016"
1050:"Nuclear reprogramming to a pluripotent state by three approaches"
692:
60th Anniversary Celebration of the Discovery of DNA (in honor of
403:
374:
352:
capacity of tissue-specific stem cells grown in the laboratory.
2216:
671:
McKnight Technological Innovations in Neuroscience Award (2001)
368:, SB202, that inhibits an enzyme associated with aging called
2201:
218:
biology. Her work set the stage for the development of
2202:
Brian K. Kennedy in conversation with Helen M. Blau - video
434:
which focus on assays of protein interactions, methods for
327:
In 2008, Blau published the first parameters for isolating
607:
President, International Society of Differentiation (2002)
2772:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
577:
American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
417:, remodeling the arrangement of protein filaments called
2209:
Stanford Historical Society Oral History Program, 2015.
1674:
Blau, H. M.; Dhawan, J.; Pavlath, G. K. (August 1993).
1970:"Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health"
238:
Blau was born in London and is a dual citizen of the
2757:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1629:"Differentiation requires continuous active control"
783:
Blau, H. M.; Chiu, C. P.; Webster, C. (April 1983).
511:
and she has contributed to multiple articles in the
2767:
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
2601:
2580:
2258:
1179:
1177:
535:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
178:
164:
146:
128:
120:
110:
89:
81:
64:
47:
21:
491:. She has served as the president of the American
1676:"Myoblasts in pattern formation and gene therapy"
250:in England and an M.A. and Ph.D. in biology from
993:"Differentiation requires continuous regulation"
1111:
1109:
1048:Yamanaka, Shinya; Blau, Helen M. (2010-06-10).
721:A. and Robert L. Kroc Lectureship on Diabetes,
689:Director’s Transformative Research Award (2012)
1782:"Designing materials to direct stem-cell fate"
595:European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
2777:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2228:
8:
2174:International Society for Stem Cell Research
736:International Society for Stem Cell Research
517:International Society for Stem Cell Research
489:International Society for Stem Cell Research
2782:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
646:Resident Scholar, Bellagio Study Center of
2235:
2221:
2213:
883:Chiu, C. P.; Blau, H. M. (February 1985).
654:MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health
36:
18:
2003:
1985:
1944:
1886:
1821:
1756:
1691:
1603:
1546:
1484:
1420:
1357:
1339:
1285:
1225:
1157:
1089:
1024:
991:Blau, H. M.; Baltimore, D. (March 1991).
2787:People from the London Borough of Ealing
2077:"Animal Research at Stanford University"
935:"Plasticity of the differentiated state"
455:mentors young scientists at all levels.
2197:Blau Lab website at Stanford University
761:Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology
748:
331:, also known as satellite cells, using
833:Chiu, C. P.; Blau, H. M. (July 1984).
1508:
1506:
1504:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1247:
1245:
547:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
481:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
391:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
343:. They also designed a bioengineered
289:Cellular reprogramming and plasticity
7:
986:
984:
928:
926:
878:
876:
828:
826:
778:
776:
382:strategies to treat muscle wasting.
222:and associated stem cell therapies.
2128:The New England Journal of Medicine
1645:10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.010025
394:function in recovery after injury.
339:, capable of both self-renewal and
2752:English people of Austrian descent
169:Stanford University Medical School
14:
728:Milky Way Foundation Award (2021)
660:FASEB Excellence in Science Award
602:Society for Developmental Biology
493:Society for Developmental Biology
485:American Society for Cell Biology
2737:Alumni of the University of York
356:Muscle regeneration after injury
2081:New England Journal of Medicine
513:New England Journal of Medicine
2207:"Helen Blau: An Oral History,"
1519:Science Translational Medicine
571:American Philosophical Society
565:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
385:In 2017 Blau’s lab identified
220:induced pluripotent stem cells
1:
1633:Annual Review of Biochemistry
559:National Academy of Inventors
444:National Academy of Inventors
246:. She earned a B.A. from the
2802:Fellows of the Royal Society
1693:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90012-7
1531:10.1126/scitranslmed.adg1485
901:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90155-2
851:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90423-9
801:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90300-8
757:"Laboratories & Leaders"
583:Austrian Academy of Sciences
553:National Academy of Sciences
541:National Academy of Medicine
473:National Academy of Medicine
469:National Academy of Sciences
2797:21st-century American women
2140:10.1056/NEJM198904203201624
2093:10.1056/NEJM198806163182429
997:The Journal of Cell Biology
668:Senior Scholar Award (2001)
477:National Institute on Aging
2818:
2742:American women biochemists
1871:10.1038/s41467-018-03876-8
1405:10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.009
666:Ellison Medical Foundation
465:Harvard Board of Overseers
373:age-dependent increase in
2747:British women biochemists
1974:Archives of Public Health
174:
139:
35:
319:Muscle stem cell biology
234:Education and early life
1987:10.1186/2049-3258-72-45
1576:Journal of Cell Science
1469:10.1126/science.abc8059
1341:10.1073/pnas.1705420114
1210:10.1126/science.1191035
959:10.1126/science.2414846
715:Foundation Award (2015)
2792:Scientists from London
2629:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2558:Mihaela van der Schaar
1929:10.1001/jama.2020.0734
723:Joslin Diabetes Center
648:Rockefeller Foundation
619:University of Nijmegan
450:Teaching and Mentoring
2517:Oscar Randal-Williams
2290:Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
1851:Nature Communications
1009:10.1083/jcb.112.5.781
438:extension and tissue
309:regenerative medicine
300:transcription factors
155:Regenerative medicine
151:Developmental biology
2588:Kwame Anthony Appiah
1627:Blau, H. M. (1992).
1399:(12): 1653–1668.e8.
2692:Paul Schulze-Lefert
2562:Bart Vanhaesebroeck
2422:Heidi Johansen Berg
2303:Emmanuel Breuillard
1863:2018NatCo...9.1531S
1806:10.1038/nature08602
1798:2009Natur.462..433L
1729:Integrative Biology
1582:(Pt 7): 1045–1053.
1332:2017PNAS..114.6675H
1202:2010Sci...329.1078G
1196:(5995): 1078–1081.
1142:10.1038/nature07384
1134:2008Natur.456..502S
1074:10.1038/nature09229
1066:2010Natur.465..704Y
951:1985Sci...230..758B
628:Honorary Doctorate
617:Honorary Doctorate
612:Honorary Doctorates
523:Honors & Awards
509:animals in research
262:Career and research
212:Stanford University
52:Helen Margaret Blau
16:American biochemist
2545:Lorraine Symington
2453:Douglas MacFarlane
2359:Rebecca Fitzgerald
2032:patents.justia.com
1680:Trends in Genetics
1588:10.1242/jcs.041376
1463:(6528): eabc8059.
698:Cold Spring Harbor
630:University of York
275:Charles J. Epstein
252:Harvard University
248:University of York
102:Harvard University
97:University of York
2714:
2713:
2639:Ingrid Daubechies
2364:Andrew Fitzgibbon
2134:(16): 1093–1096.
2087:(24): 1630–1632.
1792:(7272): 433–441.
1525:(717): eadg1485.
1326:(26): 6675–6684.
1128:(7221): 502–506.
1060:(7299): 704–712.
945:(4727): 758–766.
530:– elected member
329:muscle stem cells
188:
187:
159:Stem cell biology
141:Scientific career
2809:
2701:Mark H. Thiemens
2649:Thomas Henzinger
2462:George Malliaras
2409:Saskia Hogenhout
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2326:Patrick Chinnery
2274:Frances Balkwill
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2018:
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2007:
1989:
1965:
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1948:
1907:
1901:
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1890:
1842:
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1741:10.1039/b815718a
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1028:
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870:
830:
821:
820:
795:(4): 1171–1180.
780:
771:
770:
768:
767:
753:
732:Ernest McCulloch
459:Other Activities
387:prostaglandin E2
256:Fotis C. Kafatos
197:
183:Blau Lab website
82:Other names
40:
30:
19:
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2666:Anthony Movshon
2659:Susana MagallĂłn
2624:Emily A. Carter
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1384:
1375:
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1303:
1270:10.1038/nm.3464
1258:Nature Medicine
1251:
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641:Selected Awards
600:President, The
525:
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428:
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358:
341:differentiation
321:
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264:
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200:muscle diseases
193:
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90:Alma mater
77:
60:
54:
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43:
31:
26:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
2815:
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2448:Duncan Lorimer
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2191:External links
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2019:
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1902:
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1393:Cell Stem Cell
1373:
1301:
1264:(3): 255–264.
1241:
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1003:(5): 781–783.
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2688:Ares Rosakis
2678:Jian-Wei Pan
2673:Kyoko Nozaki
2663:Michael Mann
2654:Ruth Lehmann
2535:Simon Segars
2530:Stuart Rowan
2508:José Penadés
2484:Graham Moore
2479:Pat Monaghan
2466:Ivan Marusic
2435:Daniela KĂĽhn
2404:David Hodell
2349:Paul Elliott
2344:Aled Edwards
2313:Brian Cantor
2299:Martin Blunt
2294:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:
2170:"Guidelines"
2164:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:
2022:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1735:(1): 59–69.
1732:
1728:
1718:
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1669:
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1632:
1622:
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792:
788:
764:. Retrieved
760:
751:
640:
639:
636: (2018)
625: (2003)
611:
610:
527:
526:
506:
498:Pope Francis
462:
453:
440:regeneration
429:
415:mitochondria
412:
408:
401:
384:
380:cell therapy
359:
326:
322:
312:
292:
268:postdoctoral
265:
237:
224:
204:regeneration
190:
189:
165:Institutions
140:
85:Helen M Blau
42:Blau in 2013
2732:1948 births
2669:William Nix
2614:Adriaan Bax
2499:Adrian Owen
2414:Peter Horby
2330:Yanick Crow
2250:elected in
2056:News Center
1857:(1): 1531.
713:Li Ka Shing
700:, NY (2013)
694:J.D. Watson
65:Nationality
2721:Categories
2683:Aviv Regev
2525:Tom Rodden
2504:Lloyd Peck
2494:Sarah Otto
2439:Eric Lauga
2399:Laura Herz
2354:Alan Evans
2339:Jo Dunkley
2295:Helen Blau
2269:John Aston
2179:2024-05-08
2061:2024-05-08
2037:2024-05-08
766:2024-05-08
743:References
426:Innovation
419:myofibrils
337:stem cells
271:fellowship
191:Helen Blau
23:Helen Blau
2148:0028-4793
2101:0028-4793
1996:0778-7367
1980:(1): 45.
1937:1538-3598
1879:2041-1723
1814:1476-4687
1749:1757-9708
1702:0168-9525
1653:0066-4154
1596:0021-9533
1539:1946-6242
1477:1095-9203
1413:1875-9777
1350:1091-6490
1278:1546-170X
1218:1095-9203
1150:1476-4687
1082:1476-4687
1017:0021-9525
967:0036-8075
909:0092-8674
859:0092-8674
809:0092-8674
398:Gerozymes
315:in 1985.
216:stem cell
59:, England
2581:Honorary
2540:Yang Shi
2374:Toby Gee
2014:25810912
1955:32125402
1897:29670077
1832:19940913
1767:20023792
1614:19295131
1557:37820010
1548:10763629
1495:33303683
1431:36384141
1368:28607093
1296:24531378
1236:20647425
1168:18806774
1100:20535199
436:telomere
345:hydrogel
266:After a
135:(sister)
133:Eve Blau
121:Children
74:American
2602:Foreign
2259:Fellows
2246:of the
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