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606:(January 1945 – January 1951). During her three terms in the House, she championed various issues, such as civil rights, migrant worker welfare, women's issues, affordable housing, progressive taxation, and nuclear disarmament; "she was the first to sponsor an anti-lynching bill". She also championed a controversial Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Forest House bill to protect
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from Sonoma County to Oregon. The forest bill was opposed locally by business interests fearing the loss of taxable properties. The State Senate yesterday passed with only one opposing vote a resolution asking
Congress to refuse passage of a bill to create a Franklin Delano Roosevelt National Forest
856:
of
California eulogized her on the floor of the Senate on August 5, 1980, saying, "I believe Helen Gahagan Douglas was one of the grandest, most eloquent, deepest-thinking people we have had in American politics. She stands among the best of our 20th-century leaders, rivaling even Eleanor Roosevelt
746:
Gahagan
Douglas would later say that Nixon's harsh campaign tactics were "completely unnecessary" and that she was probably going to lose the election anyway. Young, Republican-inclined voters in the state could feel a closer personal connection to Nixon, a thirty-something man with a young family
434:
In 1927, at the age of 26, Gahagan set out to forge a new career as an opera singer, and, after two years of voice lessons, she found herself touring across Europe and receiving critical praise, unusual for an
American at the time. In 1930, she returned to Broadway to star in a production of
542:
in 1939 and 1940. She then served as
Democratic national committeewoman for California and vice chairwoman of the Democratic state central committee and chairman of the women's division from 1940 to 1944. She was also a member of the board of governors of the California Housing and Planning
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382:, where she "attracted the favorable attention of Brooklyn critics through her performance in school plays". Following an argument with her father, who did not believe becoming an actress was a suitable occupation for a woman, she was sent to study at the
820:
During and after the
Watergate scandal, bumper stickers featuring the legend "Don't blame me, I voted for Helen Gahagan Douglas" cropped up on cars in California. In October 1973, Gahagan Douglas was among the first women featured on the cover of
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1981:
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had advised
Gahagan Douglas to wait until 1952 to run for the Senate, rather than split the party in a fight with Downey. Gahagan Douglas, however, told Malone that Downey had neglected veterans and small
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It was rumored that
Gahagan Douglas would have been given a political appointment in the Truman administration, but that the Nixon–Douglas race had made such an appointment too controversial for Truman.
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in the
Northern California redwood country. The congressional bill, by Rep. Helen Gahagan Douglas, would set up the forest in sections of Del Notre, Humboldt and Mendocino counties.
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in
Chicago. Her impressive speech raised her profile, with some imagining a VP spot in her future, if not a presidential candidacy. In the fall elections, Gahagan Douglas won the
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2237:"'Pink Right Down to Her Underwear': Politics: The 1950 Senate campaign of Richard Nixon against Helen Douglas reached an unequaled low. Comparison is unfair to John Van de Kamp"
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728:. Gahagan Douglas, in return, popularized a nickname for Nixon (apparently coined by Manchester Boddy) which became one of the most enduring nicknames in American politics: "
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Nixon won the election with more than 59% of the vote, and Gahagan Douglas's political career came to an end, but she remained an activist, continuing to advocate for the
464:, is perhaps best known for popularizing a phrase from the novel, "She who must be obeyed". Gahagan's depiction of the "ageless ice goddess" served as inspiration for the
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She largely disliked the atmosphere of Hollywood; following the birth of her daughter, Mary Helen, in 1938, Gahagan Douglas took to learning about the plight of
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1948:
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2991:
2839:
Van Ingen, Linda (2012). "'If We Can Nominate Her, She is a Cinch to Elect': Helen Gahagan Douglas and the Gendered Politics of Accommodation, 1940–1944".
697:, had 500,000 flyers printed on sheets of pink paper. Chotiner explained, "The purpose of an election is not to defeat your opponent, but to destroy him."
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586:. To try to appeal to conservative voters, she started using her husband's last name. As the California Democratic committee chairwoman, she spoke at the
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for her role in interracial cooperation for advancing race and gender equality. Gahagan Douglas had been a colleague of the organization's founder,
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In a race that was remembered as one of the most vicious in California political history, Nixon's charges were intentionally directed towards the
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2013:
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sympathizer. The experience sickened her to such a degree that she immediately flew back to Los Angeles, determined to fight Nazism publicly.
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1911:
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397:, class of 1924. To the dismay and shock of her father she left after two years, without finishing her degree, to pursue an acting career.
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quietly donated money to Nixon's campaign against Gahagan Douglas, Kennedy and Nixon sharing similar views on the threat of communism.
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While in Vienna in 1938, performing in opera (which was a dream come true for Gahagan Douglas), she found herself having coffee with a
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Kennedy's successor Lyndon Johnson appointed Gahagan Douglas as "Special Ambassador" to the inauguration of Liberian President
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in his unsuccessful bid to prevent Nixon's 1972 re-election, and she called for Nixon's removal from office during the
3100:
2555:"She coined the phrase "Tricky Dick" and caused the catch phrase," Don't Blame Me I Voted For Helen Gahagan Douglas ""
603:
599:
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31:
2097:
Senator Alan Cranston speaking of Gahagan Douglas on the Senate floor on August 5, 1980; in the Congressional Record
771:
She returned to acting in 1952, and later campaigned for John F. Kennedy, who ran successfully against Nixon in the
1940:
544:
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Association in 1942 and 1943, and was appointed by Roosevelt as a member of the Voluntary Participation Committee,
528:
2796:
Tricky Dick & the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon vs Helen Gahagan Douglas-Sexual Politics & the Red Scare, 1950
2277:"Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon vs. Helen Gahagan Douglas--Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950"
2276:
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493:
Introduced to politics by her husband, Gahagan Douglas joined the Democratic Party shortly after the election of
447:
1747:
1403:
Asbury, Edith Evans (June 29, 1980). "HELEN GAHAGAN DOUGLAS DIES AT 79; ACTRESS LOST TO NIXON IN SENATE RACE".
657:
and had to be unseated. Downey withdrew from the race in the primary campaign and supported a third candidate,
2451:
1832:
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531:; in 1939, they joined others in calling for a United States boycott against goods produced in Nazi Germany.
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786:. The song begins, "Hollywood's often tried to mix / show business with politics / from Helen Gahagan / to
3160:
2927:
2593:"Helen Gahagan Douglas Collection, 1922–1980 | Carl Albert Center Congressional and Political Collections"
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era. Further, money from oil companies was pouring into the state to tilt the balance in favor of Nixon.
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768:, a Gahagan Douglas supporter, remarked that Gahagan Douglas could not have been appointed dogcatcher.
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In the primary race, Boddy had referred to Gahagan Douglas as "the Pink Lady" and said that she was "
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2005:
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443:. The two married in 1931, Gahagan keeping her maiden name. They had two children, Peter and Mary.
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693:. During the general election, Nixon reprised Boddy's line of attack. Nixon's campaign manager,
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Vanguard : how Black women broke barriers, won the vote, and insisted on equality for all
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A collection of Helen Gahagan Douglas's papers spanning her life and career are held by the
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2478:"Book Review | 'The Pink Lady: The Many Lives of Helen Gahagan Douglas,' by Sally Denton"
2452:"DOUGLAS, Helen Gahagan | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"
2070:"Gahagan speech 1944-07-20: Freedom Cannot Be Inherited "We Are the Conservative Party""
2978:
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292:
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107:
3146:
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
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leaders, including FDR, persuaded Gahagan Douglas to run in the 1944 election for the
330:. The campaign became symbolic of modern political vitriol, as both Gahagan Douglas's
48:
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much like themselves. They perceived Gahagan Douglas as too liberal and stuck in the
672:
327:
168:
1549:"DOUGLAS, Helen Gahagan | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"
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690:
378:
area of Brooklyn, an upper-middle-class neighborhood. She attended the prestigious
288:
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497:
in 1932. The Roosevelts and the Douglases would develop a close friendship, with
1777:"The Wonderful World of WALT: Walt Disney and the Villain | Disney Insider"
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798:
469:
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405:
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783:
667:. When Gahagan Douglas defeated Boddy for the nomination, Downey endorsed the
375:
239:
77:
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and grew increasingly politically aware. She soon became the director of the
280:; November 25, 1900 – June 28, 1980) was an American actress and politician.
17:
3001:
740:
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surrogates to call on voters to reject her because her husband, Melvyn, was
119:
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812:
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right down to her underwear", a suggestion that she sympathized with the
594:
race and subsequently ran for — and won — two more terms, serving in the
363:
2737:
Jordan, Frank (November 7, 1950). "General Election, November 7, 1950".
2956:
2194:"When JFK Backed Nixon in His Notorious Race vs. Helen Gahagan Douglas"
534:
Gahagan Douglas was a member of the national advisory committee of the
654:
482:
621:
801:
angered Johnson, estranging him from her. She also campaigned for
686:
620:
456:, playing Hash-a-Motep, queen of a lost city. The movie, based on
404:
358:
descent. She was the eldest daughter of Lillian Rose (Mussen) and
339:
30:"Helen Douglas" redirects here. For the Scottish book artist, see
739:
for several decades. In the 1950 election, conservative Democrat
725:
1974:"The Hollywood Actress Who Lost a Senate Seat to Richard Nixon"
1912:"The Would-Be First Madam President, Betrayed by Her Own Party"
648:
was seeking a third term. California Democratic state chairman
342:
right down to her underwear", suggesting Communist sympathies.
2748:"Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1950"
1941:"Document, Declaration of Democratic Independence, circa 1939"
446:
Gahagan Douglas went to Los Angeles in 1935, starring in the
3141:
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
1829:"D23′s Dateline Disney: 1935 (Evil Queen) « Disney D23"
519:
and by 1940 she was the national spokesperson for migrants.
417:
Gahagan found great success and became a well known star on
1685:. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 74.
797:. However, Gahagan Douglas's subsequent opposition to the
2378:
Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician
743:(later a Republican convert) succeeded her in Congress.
2775:
The Pink Lady: The Many Lives of Helen Gahagan Douglas
2006:"Biographical Directory of the United States Congress"
1856:
The Pink Lady: The Many Lives of Helen Gahagan Douglas
1831:. D23.disney.go.com. December 10, 2012. Archived from
1643:"Helen Gahagan Douglas, 79, 3-Term Member of Congress"
1577:
Archives, Barnard; Collections, Special (2002-08-13).
1451:
The Pink Lady: The Many Lives of Helen Gahagan Douglas
370:; her mother had been a schoolteacher. She was reared
2753:. United States Government Printing Office. p. 2
1092:
1948 United States House of Representatives elections
982:
1946 United States House of Representatives elections
874:
1944 United States House of Representatives elections
2915:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
2000:
1998:
1719:"Helen Gahagan Douglas is Especially Relevant Today"
708:" by comparing her votes to those of Representative
283:
Gahagan Douglas's acting career included success on
1543:
1541:
1381:
Women in the United States House of Representatives
362:, an engineer who owned a construction business in
250:
238:
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185:
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134:
129:
113:
101:
68:
39:
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2708:
2419:
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2167:, NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, 1998, p. 104.
1217:United States Senate election in California, 1950
501:serving as a political mentor to Gahagan Douglas.
314:In 1944, Gahagan Douglas was first elected to the
2151:The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate
421:in the 1920s, appearing in popular plays such as
374:. Gahagan was raised at 231 Lincoln Place in the
778:Gahagan Douglas was mentioned in the 1965 song "
636:1950 United States Senate election in California
2181:Nixon: The education of a politician, 1913–1962
1641:Hailey, Jean R.; Hailey, Jean R. (1980-06-29).
832:awarded Gahagan Douglas its highest honor, the
857:in stature, compassion and simple greatness."
551:as an alternate United States delegate to the
3176:Mistresses of presidents of the United States
3126:Deaths from breast cancer in New York (state)
582:seat opened by the retirement of Congressman
8:
2928:Biographical Sketch of Helen Gahagan Douglas
2381:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 618–619.
702:assassination of Gahagan Douglas's character
558:In 1946, she was among those honored by the
3131:Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state)
625:Helen Gahagan Douglas concedes defeat, 1950
27:American actress and politician (1900–1980)
2965:
2040:. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 225.
1215:
1089:
979:
871:
97:January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1951
47:
36:
2367:
2365:
1608:"Commencement Archives | Barnard College"
1423:Chief Justice: A Biography of Earl Warren
1398:
1396:
72:U.S. House of Representatives
2992:California's 14th congressional district
1583:Barnard Archives And Special Collections
1521:Barnard Archives And Special Collections
811:
566:, on the National Youth Administration.
3111:American people of Scotch-Irish descent
3086:20th-century American women politicians
1392:
844:, with her husband Melvyn by her side.
828:. At its 1979 commencement ceremonies,
704:. He implied that she was a Communist "
547:. She was later appointed by President
320:1950 U.S. Senate election in California
2395:from the original on November 10, 2023
1779:. Blogs.disney.com. 3 September 2012.
1472:. New York: Random House. p. 18.
2910:"Helen Gahagan Douglas (id: D000454)"
2739:State of California Statement of Vote
2230:
2228:
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1967:
1965:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1712:
1710:
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1704:
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1221:
1097:
987:
879:
640:In 1950, Gahagan Douglas ran for the
560:National Association of Colored Women
7:
2720:
2517:"Actress, Opera Star, Congresswoman"
1636:
1634:
1632:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1445:
1443:
618:was an open secret on Capitol Hill.
2819:Center Stage: Helen Gahagan Douglas
2741:. California State Printing Office.
2235:O'Connor, Colleen M. (1990-04-09).
2107:There Has Never Been A ‘Timber War’
1871:"Life Story: Helen Gahagan Douglas"
1683:Broadway Actors in Films, 1894–2015
1426:. Simon and Schuster. p. 212.
836:. She died the following year from
588:1944 Democratic National Convention
512:Committee, named for the author of
2426:. New York: Random House. p.
2305:Tanenhaus, Sam (1 February 1998).
1122:Helen Gahagan Douglas (Incumbent)
1012:Helen Gahagan Douglas (Incumbent)
538:and of the State committee of the
439:, where she co-starred with actor
295:. Her portrayal of the villain in
25:
3081:20th-century American politicians
2476:Mallon, Thomas (8 January 2010).
2317:from the original on 26 July 2019
661:, the owner and publisher of the
2944:Helen Gahagan Douglas Collection
2883:. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
2515:Longworth, Karina (2016-04-14).
2275:Mitchell, Gregory (1998-01-01).
2128:Park Resolution Goes To Congress
1972:Longworth, Karina (2016-04-14).
1910:Gilmore, Nicholas (2020-11-25).
1453:, Bloomsbury Press (2009), p. 9
1365:
1351:
1280:
1262:
1234:
1154:
1136:
1110:
1026:
1000:
918:
892:
3171:Liberalism in the United States
3151:People from Boonton, New Jersey
3076:20th-century American actresses
2875:Douglas, Helen Gahagan (1982).
2815:Scobie, Ingrid Winther (1995).
2691:from the original on 2011-06-10
2660:from the original on 2013-05-10
2629:from the original on 2014-06-13
2565:from the original on 2022-12-11
2535:from the original on 2018-10-13
2488:from the original on 2018-11-21
2458:from the original on 2019-08-22
2287:from the original on 2019-05-30
2257:from the original on 2017-05-23
2080:from the original on 2022-11-05
2016:from the original on 2011-09-17
1984:from the original on 2018-10-13
1951:from the original on 2022-08-19
1922:from the original on 2022-11-05
1881:from the original on 2022-11-05
1858:. Bloomsbury Press. p. 52.
1805:. Disney.go.com. Archived from
1783:from the original on 4 May 2014
1758:from the original on 2022-08-08
1729:from the original on 2022-11-05
1717:Willens, Michele (2022-06-21).
1663:from the original on 2019-01-01
1618:from the original on 2020-08-15
1589:from the original on 2018-11-21
1559:from the original on 2019-08-22
1527:from the original on 2018-11-21
1486:from the original on 2023-11-10
475:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
386:in Northampton, Massachusetts.
350:Helen Mary Gahagan was born in
308:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
200:
3166:Berkeley Carroll School alumni
1875:Women & the American Story
1515:barnardarchives (2002-08-13).
644:, although incumbent Democrat
338:and Nixon referred to her as "
1:
2987:U.S. House of Representatives
2970:U.S. House of Representatives
2709:Jordan & November 7, 1950
2422:Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady
1469:Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady
762:Democratic National Committee
737:regulation of nuclear weapons
671:nominee, U.S. Representative
540:National Youth Administration
536:Works Progress Administration
410:
389:Gahagan gained admittance to
54:
3156:Women in California politics
2823:. Rutgers University Press.
1945:digital-collections.csun.edu
834:Barnard Medal of Distinction
716:(a pro-Soviet member of the
231:Lillian Rose Mussen (mother)
2344:. New York: Knopf. p.
580:14th Congressional District
523:Appointments and activities
32:Helen Douglas (book artist)
3192:
3096:American environmentalists
3091:American actor-politicians
2841:Journal of Women's History
2336:Halberstam, David (1979).
633:
545:Office of Civilian Defense
529:Hollywood Anti-Nazi League
29:
3046:
3021:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2034:Jones, Martha S. (2020).
1916:The Saturday Evening Post
1328:
1311:
1296:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1204:
1188:
1173:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1078:
1062:
1047:
996:
993:
990:
968:
952:
937:
888:
885:
882:
630:1950 U.S. Senate campaign
527:The Douglases joined the
267:
125:
90:
64:
46:
3116:American stage actresses
3009:Party political offices
2908:United States Congress.
2835:– by a history professor
2505:Mitchell (1998), p. 258.
2163:Kurz, Kenneth Franklin,
1803:"Disney Villains: Queen"
570:House of Representatives
3106:American film actresses
2792:Mitchell, Greg (1998).
2679:"1948 election results"
2648:"1946 election results"
2617:"1944 election results"
1748:"Helen Gahagan Douglas"
1579:"Helen Gahagan Douglas"
1517:"Helen Gahagan Douglas"
1409:. New York. p. 20.
553:United Nations Assembly
380:Berkeley Carroll School
3121:Barnard College alumni
2853:10.1353/jowh.2012.0035
2773:Denton, Sally (2012).
2746:Graf, William (1951).
1854:Denton, Sally (2009).
1752:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
1271:Helen Gahagan Douglas
904:Helen Gahagan Douglas
817:
773:1960 presidential race
678:Fellow Representative
664:Los Angeles Daily News
626:
462:novel of the same name
429:Trelawney of the Wells
414:
384:Capen School for Girls
316:United States Congress
2948:Photograph Collection
2582:Congressional records
2010:bioguide.congress.gov
1681:Liebman, Roy (2017).
815:
624:
614:Her love affair with
495:Franklin D. Roosevelt
408:
274:Helen Gahagan Douglas
41:Helen Gahagan Douglas
2777:. Bloomsbury Press.
1835:on December 16, 2012
1809:on February 27, 2011
1036:Frederick M. Roberts
927:William D. Campbell
718:American Labor Party
642:United States Senate
301:(1935) inspired the
1648:The Washington Post
1218:
1094:
984:
876:
608:California redwoods
564:Mary McLeod Bethune
515:The Grapes of Wrath
395:Columbia University
352:Boonton, New Jersey
152:Boonton, New Jersey
3101:American feminists
2952:Carl Albert Center
2939:Carl Albert Center
2933:2013-05-24 at the
2597:cacarchives.ou.edu
2553:Douglas, Illeana.
2482:The New York Times
2340:The Powers That Be
2311:The New York Times
2281:The New York Times
2183:(1987) pp. 210-211
2133:2020-06-14 at the
2115:2022-11-05 at the
1406:The New York Times
1216:
1145:W. Wallace Braden
1090:
980:
872:
862:Carl Albert Center
818:
627:
415:
366:and a shipyard in
278:Helen Mary Gahagan
139:Helen Mary Gahagan
3054:
3053:
3047:Succeeded by
2999:Succeeded by
2923:Women in Congress
2784:978-1-60819-100-0
2242:Los Angeles Times
2047:978-1-5416-1861-9
1692:978-0-7864-7685-5
1553:history.house.gov
1359:California portal
1342:
1341:
1214:
1213:
1088:
1087:
978:
977:
868:Electoral history
807:Watergate scandal
650:William M. Malone
616:Lyndon B. Johnson
499:Eleanor Roosevelt
360:Walter H. Gahagan
334:primary opponent
271:
270:
226:Walter H. Gahagan
149:November 25, 1900
53:Gahagan Douglas,
16:(Redirected from
3183:
3014:Preceded by
2976:Preceded by
2966:
2919:
2894:
2882:
2864:
2834:
2822:
2811:
2800:. Random House.
2799:
2788:
2762:
2760:
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2742:
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2292:
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2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2208:. Archived from
2190:
2184:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2143:
2137:
2125:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2095:
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2060:
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2031:
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2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1969:
1960:
1959:
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1956:
1937:
1931:
1930:
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1907:
1890:
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1638:
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1533:
1532:
1512:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1460:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1420:Ed Cray (1997).
1417:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1375:
1373:Biography portal
1370:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1319:
1219:
1196:
1095:
1070:
985:
960:
877:
720:), and deployed
710:Vito Marcantonio
673:Richard M. Nixon
659:Manchester Boddy
489:Political career
458:H. Rider Haggard
437:Tonight or Never
412:
336:Manchester Boddy
328:Richard M. Nixon
204:
202:
165:
148:
146:
130:Personal details
116:
104:
95:
85:
74:
59:
56:
51:
37:
21:
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3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
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3056:
3055:
3050:
3041:
3034:
3019:
3017:Sheridan Downey
3004:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2935:Wayback Machine
2907:
2902:
2891:
2874:
2871:
2869:Primary sources
2838:
2831:
2814:
2808:
2791:
2785:
2772:
2769:
2767:Further reading
2756:
2754:
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2335:
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2318:
2307:"Mud Wrestling"
2304:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2274:
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2269:
2260:
2258:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:Stephen Ambrose
2175:
2171:
2165:Nixon's Enemies
2162:
2158:
2146:Caro, Robert A.
2144:
2140:
2135:Wayback Machine
2126:
2122:
2117:Wayback Machine
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2074:www.ibiblio.org
2068:
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2019:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1996:
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1457:
1449:Denton, Sally.
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1402:
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1371:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1352:
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1347:
1317:
1194:
1068:
958:
870:
850:
830:Barnard College
803:George McGovern
757:
741:Samuel W. Yorty
706:fellow traveler
695:Murray Chotiner
680:John F. Kennedy
646:Sheridan Downey
638:
632:
604:81st Congresses
572:
549:Harry S. Truman
525:
506:migrant workers
491:
409:Helen Gahagan,
403:
391:Barnard College
368:Arverne, Queens
348:
293:Hollywood films
287:, as a touring
263:
245:Barnard College
234:
206:
203: 1931)
198:
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176:Political party
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96:
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5:
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2985:Member of the
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2900:External links
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2416:Mitchell, Greg
2407:
2387:
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2354:
2328:
2297:
2283:. On the web.
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2222:
2185:
2169:
2156:
2154:(2002) p. 144.
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2090:
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1994:
1978:Slate Magazine
1961:
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1754:. 1980-06-28.
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795:William Tubman
782:" by satirist
756:
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634:Main article:
631:
628:
584:Thomas F. Ford
571:
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510:John Steinbeck
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441:Melvyn Douglas
402:
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192:Melvyn Douglas
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166:(aged 79)
160:
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155:
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127:
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108:Thomas F. Ford
105:
99:
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88:
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69:Member of the
66:
65:
62:
61:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3188:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
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3162:
3161:Richard Nixon
3159:
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2974:
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2957:Helen Gahagan
2955:
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2929:
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2903:
2899:
2895:autobiography
2892:
2890:9780385110457
2886:
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2880:
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2872:
2868:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:(3): 140–63.
2846:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:0-8135-2195-5
2826:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2807:0-679-41621-8
2803:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2786:
2780:
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2717:
2714:
2711:, p. 11.
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2469:
2457:
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2447:
2444:
2439:
2437:0-679-41621-8
2433:
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2424:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2394:
2390:
2388:0-8050-1834-4
2384:
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2374:
2373:Morris, Roger
2368:
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2212:on 2016-08-12
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2110:humboldt.edu.
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780:George Murphy
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3136:Ecofeminists
3028:U.S. Senator
3026:nominee for
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734:
722:anti-Semitic
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388:
372:Episcopalian
356:Scotch-Irish
349:
313:
306:
296:
289:opera singer
282:
277:
273:
272:
164:(1980-06-28)
115:Succeeded by
92:
3071:1980 deaths
3066:1900 births
2979:Thomas Ford
2879:A Full Life
2731:Works cited
1813:November 6,
1612:barnard.edu
1159:Progressive
842:lung cancer
799:Vietnam War
764:vice-chair
730:Tricky Dick
470:Walt Disney
103:Preceded by
58: 1945
3060:Categories
3032:California
3024:Democratic
2996:1945–1951
2695:2023-10-06
2664:2023-10-06
2633:2023-10-06
2602:2017-03-11
2569:2022-11-05
2539:2017-03-12
2492:2018-10-13
2462:2017-03-11
2355:0394503813
2291:2019-09-04
2261:2017-03-11
2216:2017-03-11
2198:The Nation
2084:2022-11-05
2056:1135569243
2020:2019-07-26
1988:2022-11-05
1955:2022-01-12
1926:2022-11-05
1885:2022-11-05
1762:2022-01-12
1733:2022-11-05
1667:2017-03-11
1622:2020-07-23
1593:2022-01-07
1563:2017-03-11
1531:2017-03-11
1490:2011-07-31
1387:References
1337:Democratic
1330:Republican
1301:3,686,315
1284:Write-ins
1274:1,502,507
1267:Democratic
1253:2,183,454
1240:Republican
1225:Candidate
1206:Democratic
1141:Republican
1116:Democratic
1101:Candidate
1080:Democratic
1031:Republican
1006:Democratic
991:Candidate
970:Democratic
923:Republican
898:Democratic
883:Candidate
784:Tom Lehrer
755:Later life
669:Republican
576:Democratic
466:Evil Queen
376:Park Slope
346:Early life
332:Democratic
324:Republican
303:Evil Queen
260:politician
251:Occupation
240:Alma mater
180:Democratic
145:1900-11-25
78:California
3049:Sam Yorty
3002:Sam Yorty
2861:201749340
2721:Graf 1951
2529:1091-2339
2251:0458-3035
2206:0027-8378
1723:NextTribe
1657:0190-8286
574:In 1943,
448:Hollywood
318:. In the
291:, and in
120:Sam Yorty
93:In office
2931:Archived
2757:June 29,
2686:Archived
2655:Archived
2624:Archived
2563:Archived
2533:Archived
2486:Archived
2456:Archived
2418:(1998).
2399:July 26,
2393:Archived
2375:(1990).
2315:Archived
2285:Archived
2255:Archived
2131:Archived
2113:Archived
2078:Archived
2014:Archived
1982:Archived
1949:Archived
1920:Archived
1879:Archived
1839:July 29,
1781:Archived
1756:Archived
1727:Archived
1661:Archived
1616:Archived
1587:Archived
1557:Archived
1525:Archived
1484:Archived
1466:(1998).
1345:See also
1178:137,096
942:127,496
852:Senator
826:magazine
749:New Deal
714:New York
419:Broadway
364:Brooklyn
326:nominee
311:(1937).
285:Broadway
228:(father)
211:Children
86:district
3037:Class 3
2950:at the
2937:at the
2559:Twitter
2321:26 July
1313:Turnout
1306:100.00
1190:Turnout
1148:44,611
1127:89,581
1064:Turnout
1052:98,450
1040:44,914
1017:53,536
954:Turnout
930:61,767
909:65,729
655:growers
257:Actress
219:Parents
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1787:May 4,
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1430:
1322:73.32
1318:
1277:40.76
1258:59.23
1228:Votes
1222:Party
1195:
1183:100.0
1166:2,904
1104:Votes
1098:Party
1069:
1057:100.0
994:Votes
988:Party
959:
947:100.0
886:Votes
880:Party
848:Legacy
838:breast
726:Jewish
450:movie
276:(born
186:Spouse
171:, U.S.
154:, U.S.
3030:from
2990:from
2857:S2CID
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2689:(PDF)
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2620:(PDF)
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1292:0.01
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790:..."
592:House
413:1920s
354:, of
199:(
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2961:IMDb
2946:and
2885:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2759:2009
2525:ISSN
2432:ISBN
2401:2009
2383:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2323:2019
2247:ISSN
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2052:OCLC
2042:ISBN
1841:2013
1815:2013
1789:2014
1687:ISBN
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1428:ISBN
1333:gain
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1209:hold
1169:2.2
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973:hold
840:and
687:pink
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600:80th
596:79th
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135:Born
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