430:, Gentry describes the nature of the files: "their contents included blackmail material on the patriarch of an American political dynasty, his sons, their wives, and other women; allegations of two homosexual arrests which Hoover leaked to help defeat a witty, urbane Democratic presidential candidate; the surveillance reports on one of America's best-known first ladies and her alleged lovers, both male and female, white and black; the child molestation documentation the director used to control and manipulate one of the Red-baiting proteges; a list of the Bureau's spies in the White House during the eight administrations when Hoover was FBI director; the forbidden fruit of hundreds of illegal wiretaps and bugs, containing, for example, evidence that an attorney general,
1002:. July 9, 1988. HELEN W. GANDY, 91, 436 N. Colorado Ave., DeLand, died Thursday. Born in New Jersey, she moved to DeLand from Washington, D.C., in 1986. She was a private secretary and executive assistant to J. Edgar Hoover, former director of the FBI, for 54 years. She was a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Fairton, N.J. Survivors: niece, Elizabeth G. Pugh, DeLand; nephews, Lawrence B., Orlando, Charles D., Edward R., both of Newport, N.J. Allen-Summerhill Funeral Home, DeLand
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service. She was promoted to "office assistant" on August 23, 1937, and "executive assistant" on
October 1, 1939. Though she would receive promotions in her civil service grade subsequently, she retained her title as executive assistant until her retirement on May 2, 1972, the day Hoover died. Hoover said of her: "if there is anyone in this Bureau whose services are indispensable, I consider Miss Gandy to be that person." Despite this,
634:, 1964. Accessed July 24, 2019. "and it gives me great pleasure to note in passing that when Mr. Hoover was appointed Acting Director by Attorney General Harlan F. Stone on May 10, 1924, under President Calvin Coolidge that his private Secretary then and now is Miss Helen Gandy, a native of Cumberland County, a graduate of Bridgeton High School in my Second District of New Jersey, and the descendant of a fine Old South Jersey family."
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FBI's central files, had been kept in the outer office, where Gandy sat. Gentry reported that Gray would not have known where to look in Gandy's office for the files, as her office was lined floor to ceiling with filing cabinets; moreover, without her index to the files, he would not have been able to locate incriminating material, for files were deliberately mislabeled, e.g., President Nixon's file was labeled "Obscene
Matters".
298:, Hoover's body was not discovered by his live-in cook and general housekeeper, Annie Fields; rather, it was discovered by James Crawford, who had been Hoover's chauffeur for 37 years. Crawford then yelled out to Fields and Tom Moton (Hoover's new chauffeur after Crawford had retired in January 1972). Fields first called Hoover's personal physician, Dr. Robert Choisser, then used another phone to call
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140:, who called her "indispensable". Serving in that role for 54 years she exercised great behind-the-scenes influence on Hoover and the operations of the Bureau. Following Hoover's death in 1972, she spent weeks destroying his "Personal File," thought to contain the most incriminating material Hoover used to manipulate or blackmail the most powerful figures in
417:"I can give you my word. I know what there was—letters to and from friends, personal friends, a lot of letters," she testified. Gandy also said the files she took to Hoover's home included his financial papers, such as tax returns and investment statements, the deed to his home, and papers relating to his dogs' pedigrees.
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Gray reported to Nixon that he had secured Hoover's office and its contents. However, he had sealed only Hoover's personal inner office, where no files were stored, not the entire suite of offices. Since 1957, Hoover's "Official/Confidential" files, containing material too sensitive to include in the
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Gandy stated that Hoover had left standing instructions to destroy his personal papers upon his death, and this instruction was confirmed by Tolson and Gray. She also stated that she destroyed no official papers; that everything was personal papers of Hoover's. The staff of the subcommittee did not
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and others, Gandy was summoned to testify regarding the "Personal Files." "I tore them up, put them in boxes, and they were taken away to be shredded," she told the congressmen about the papers. The FBI Washington field office had FBI drivers transport the material to Hoover's home, then once Gandy
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Her genteel manner and pleasant voice contrasted sharply with this domineering presence. Yet behind the politeness was a resolute firmness not unlike his, and no small amount of influence. Many a career in the Bureau had been quietly manipulated by her. Even those who disliked him praised her, most
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upon Tolson's resignation from that position, went to Hoover's office. Gandy paused from her work to give Gray a tour. He found file cabinets open and packing boxes being filled with papers. She informed him the boxes contained personal papers of Hoover's. Gandy stated Gray flipped through a few
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When Hoover went to the Bureau of
Investigation (its original title; it became the FBI in 1935) as its assistant director on August 22, 1921, he specifically requested Gandy return from vacation to help him in the new post. Hoover became director of the Bureau in 1924, and Gandy continued in his
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of Hoover's
Washington home at 4936 Thirtieth Place, NW, where she continued her work from May 13 to July 17. Gandy later testified in court that nothing official had been removed from the FBI's offices, "not even Mr. Hoover's badge." At Hoover's residence, the destruction was overseen by
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302:'s private number. Tolson then called Gandy's private number with the news of Hoover's death along with orders to begin destroying the files. Within an hour, the "D List" ("d" standing for destruction) was being distributed, and the destruction of files began. However,
351:. Many of them contained inflammatory and derogatory information. Gray told the press that afternoon that "there are no dossiers or secret files. There are just general files, and I took steps to preserve their integrity." Yet, Gandy retained the "Personal File."
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often commenting on her remarkable ability to get along with all kinds of people. That she held her position for fifty-four years was the best evidence of this, for it was a Bureau tradition that the closer you were to him, the more demanding he was.
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in 1918. Within weeks, she went to work as a typist for Hoover, effective March 25, 1918, having told Hoover in her interview she had "no immediate plans to marry". She, like Hoover, would never marry; both were completely devoted to the Bureau.
616:. Accessed July 23, 2014. "His choice, who was already working in the department as a file clerk, was a twenty-one-year-old woman from Port Norris, New Jersey. Helen Gandy would remain Hoover's secretary until his death fifty-four years later."
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434:, who later became Supreme Court justice, had received payoffs from the Chicago syndicate; as well as celebrity files, with all the unsavory gossip Hoover could amass on some of the biggest names in show business."
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quoted an anonymous FBI source in spring 1975, who said: "Gandy had begun the destruction of files almost a year before Mr. Hoover's death and was instructed to purge the files that were presently in his office."
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251:, Hoover's superior, had a direct telephone line installed between their offices, Hoover refused to answer the phone. "Put that damn thing on Miss Gandy's desk where it belongs", Hoover would declare.
1150: : May 20, 2014), Helen W Gandy, July 15, 1988; citing U.S. Social Security Administration, Death Master File, database (Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, ongoing).
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files and approved her work, but Gray was to deny he looked at any papers. Gandy also told Gray it would be a week before she could clear Hoover's effects out so Gray could move into the suite.
282:, deputy associate director of the FBI, wrote in his memoir that Gandy "was bright and alert and quick-tongued—and completely dedicated to her boss, whose interests she constantly protected".
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Theirs was a rigidly formal relationship. He always called her "Miss Gandy" (when angry, barking it out as one word). In all those fifty-four years he never once called her by her first name.
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recipe, relying on memory rather than the files. Gandy, ever protective of her boss, caught the error and brought it to Hoover's attention. The director then placed an official
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Helen Gandy must have felt quite safe in testifying as she did, for who could contradict her? Only one other person knew exactly what the files contained, and he was dead.
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went in to get the files, Miss Gandy had already got rid of them." The day after Hoover died, L. Patrick Gray, who had been named acting director by
President
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Gandy went through Hoover's "Personal File" in the office until May 12. She then transferred at least 32 file drawers of material to the basement
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On May 4, Gandy transferred 12 boxes labelled "Official/Confidential", containing 167 files and 17,750 pages, to
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in his life of Hoover, who also pictured Gandy as Hoover's first line of defense against the outside world. When
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section answering mail from the public, he gave a correspondent the wrong measurements for Hoover's personal
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Gandy briefly worked in a department store in
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had gone through the material, the drivers transported it back to the field office in the
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Helen Gandy in her office in the
Justice Department in the 1940s, by Theodor Horydczak
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Gandy died of a heart attack on July 7, 1988, either in DeLand (as indicated by her
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In 1961, she and her sister, Lucy G. Rodman, donated a portrait of their mother by
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believe her, but she told the committee: "I have no reason to lie." Representative
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The
Federal Bureau of Investigation: History, Powers, and Controversies of the FBI
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Gandy lived for decades with
Margaret E. Morrow. Morrow died April 16, 1986.
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Congressional Record: Proceedings and
Debates of Congress, Volume 110, Part 8
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684:"No Left Turns: An agent's bizarre reminiscences from inside Hoover's FBI"
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was created from a revision of this article dated 9 August 2005
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912:"Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014 for Margaret E Morrow 1986"
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1213:. "Secretary Says She Destroyed Hoover's Letters on His Orders".
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statement on the investigation into the destruction of the files
1232:. Subcommittee on Government Information and Individual Rights.
885:"United States Census, 1950: District of Columbia. Census 1950"
831:"1930 United States Census | District of Columbia Census. 1930"
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The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition
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Hoover died during the night of May 1–2, 1972. According to
1171:, Tony G. Poveda, Susan Rosefeld, and Richard Gid Powers.
1095:. Beverly Hills, California: New Millennium Press, 2004. (
461:. Gandy lived in Washington until 1986, when she moved to
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on Pennsylvania Avenue, where it was shredded and burned.
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John Crewdson. "U.S. Investigating Missing F.B.I. Data".
128:(April 8, 1897 – July 7, 1988) was the American longtime
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Charles, Douglas M.; Stockham, Aaron J. (May 18, 2022).
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Gandy has been portrayed by actresses Lee Kessler in
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Inquiry Into the Destruction of Former FBI Director
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660:Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of
160:Williams) Gandy. She grew up in New Jersey in
1368:United States Department of Justice officials
1155:The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's F.B.I
180:, New Jersey. In 1918, aged 21, she moved to
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1193:, 86, Hoover Confident and Ally at F.B.I.".
1358:People from Commercial Township, New Jersey
708:The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI
236:and Cox would say "her stern face recalled
1107:"Hoover's Political Spying for Presidents"
632:United States Government Publishing Office
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1246:United States Government Printing Office
1173:The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide
601:J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
428:J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and His Secrets
1059:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1979. (
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450:Hoover left Gandy $ 5,000 in his will.
385:program of spying on and harassment of
319:, was appointed acting FBI director by
296:J Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets
190:George Washington University Law School
995:"HELEN W. GANDY, 91, 436 N. Colorado…"
769:The Life and Career of J. Edgar Hoover
665:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1993.
1153:William C. Sullivan with Bill Brown.
7:
1175:. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000. (
810:. Americannewspost.com. May 13, 2012
254:Gentry described Gandy's influence:
172:(sources differ) and graduated from
1363:People from Volusia County, Florida
939:"Hoover's Estate Is Left to Tolson"
858:"District of Columbia. Census 1940"
152:Helen Gandy was born in Rockville,
1230:Committee on Government Operations
278:in Sullivan's file for the lapse.
184:, where she later took classes at
18:American civil servant (1897–1988)
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1090:Puppetmaster: The Secret Life of
1023:"Helen W. Gandy, FBI Secretary".
974:. Smithsonian American Art Museum
379:Committee on Government Oversight
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1157:. New York: W.W. Norton, 1979. (
1077:. New York: W.W. Norton, 1991. (
1056:The FBI Pyramid: From the Inside
682:Schott, Joseph (June 16, 2021).
1353:Federal Bureau of Investigation
808:"Retrieved on December 9, 2011"
745:The FBI Pyramid from the Inside
549:"Helen W. Gandy, Secretary, 91"
459:Smithsonian American Art Museum
381:investigated the FBI's illegal
240:at the gate", a view echoed by
134:Federal Bureau of Investigation
106:Federal Bureau of Investigation
775:. Retrieved on August 5, 2008.
327:Anthony Summers reported that
1:
972:"Mother Annie Williams Gandy"
704:Sullivan, William C. (1979).
1348:Bridgeton High School alumni
410:), a freshman member of the
1140:Social Security Death Index
1130:Social Security Death Index
369:Central Intelligence Agency
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1211:United Press International
606:W. W. Norton & Company
526:Bad Times at the El Royale
294:, who wrote the 1991 book
1075:: The Man and the Secrets
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1226:House of Representatives
1201:"The Truth About Hoover"
648:. ABC-CLIO. p. 199.
392:Old Post Office Building
186:Strayer Business College
1217:. December 2, 1975. 14.
1197:. February 1, 1997. 26.
487:obituary) or in nearby
126:Helen Wilburforce Gandy
61:Port Norris, New Jersey
25:Helen Wilburforce Gandy
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1259:Listen to this article
786:"Feature Articles 201"
747:. Putnam. p. 77.
712:. Norton. p. 86.
571:and John Stewart Cox.
387:Martin Luther King Jr.
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1310:More spoken articles
1244:. Washington, D.C.:
1207:. December 22, 1975.
1123:. July 9, 1988. D10.
1114:. December 15, 1975.
1029:. July 13, 1988. C8.
917:www.familysearch.org
890:www.familysearch.com
863:www.familysearch.com
836:www.familysearch.com
771:", Crime Library on
767:Bardsley, Marilyn. "
491:, (as stated in her
489:Orange City, Florida
365:James Jesus Angleton
323:after Hoover's death
1134:577-60-1115 Her SSN
1047:. June 7, 1972. 14.
1026:The Washington Post
788:. AmericanMafia.com
420:Curt Gentry wrote:
276:letter of reprimand
264:William C. Sullivan
232:Hoover biographers
170:Commercial Township
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1215:The New York Times
1195:The New York Times
1187:Robert McG. Thomas
1169:Athan G. Theoharis
1044:The New York Times
943:The New York Times
569:Athan G. Theoharis
553:The New York Times
499:In popular culture
374:In 1975, when the
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1006:January 11,
923:January 11,
895:January 11,
868:January 11,
841:January 11,
511:Naomi Watts
495:obituary).
446:Later years
292:Curt Gentry
222:Curt Gentry
168:section of
166:Port Norris
1332:Categories
1306:Audio help
1297:2005-08-09
533:References
408:New Jersey
383:COINTELPRO
154:New Jersey
148:Early life
142:Washington
88:Occupation
49:1897-04-08
1191:John Mohr
978:August 5,
951:0362-4331
773:truTV.com
349:Mark Felt
280:Mark Felt
234:Theoharis
178:Bridgeton
136:director
130:secretary
92:Secretary
1308: ·
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743:(1979).
608:, 2001.
529:(2018).
516:J. Edgar
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1205:Time
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610:ISBN
581:ISBN
333:Gray
188:and
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