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The temple of Ra was said to have been, to a special degree, a depository for royal records, and
Herodotus states that the priests of Heliopolis were the best informed in matters of history of all the Egyptians. Heliopolis flourished as a seat of learning during the Greek period; the schools of
1120:
801:
had eclipsed the learning of
Heliopolis; thus with the withdrawal of royal favour Heliopolis quickly dwindled, and the students of native lore deserted it for other temples supported by a wealthy population of pious citizens. By the first century BC, in fact,
271:
but is today mostly destroyed, its temples and other buildings having been scavenged for the construction of medieval Cairo. Most information about the ancient city comes from surviving records.
1012:
1102:
remain, and the position of the great Temple of Ra-Atum is marked by the Al-Masalla obelisk. Archaeologists excavated some of its tombs in 2004. In 2017, parts of a colossal statue of
921:
only a few kilometres away caused its ruins to be massively scavenged for building materials, including for their city walls. The site became known as the "Eye of the Sun" (
1955:
722:
in the same passage is, according to one theory, Heliopolis. Today, it is generally believed that Pithom is the archaeological site of either Tell el-Retabeh or
298:. The 21 m (69 ft) high red granite obelisk weighs 120 tons (240,000 lbs) and is believed to be the oldest surviving obelisk in the world. Under
628:). Its priests maintained that Atum or Ra was the first being, rising self-created from the primeval waters. A decline in the importance of Ra's cult during
1981:
1526:
1325:
1852:, edited by Donald Bruce Redford. Vol. 2 of 3 vols. Oxford, New York, and Cairo: Oxford University Press and The American University in Cairo Press. 88–89
1440:
TLA lemma no. C5494 (ⲱⲛ), in: Coptic
Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
1908:
1144:
1062:
2410:
2053:
1161:
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2282:
2110:
1913:
1471:
119:
70:
2405:
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548:
442:("The Pillars"), whose exact pronunciation is uncertain because ancient Egyptian recorded only consonantal values. Arabic : Iwan إيوان.
2228:
1039:
2100:
2095:
1976:
793:, probably took little interest in their "father" Ra as Greeks were never much of sun worshipers and the Ptolemies favored the cult of
1948:
953:, Heliopolis is referenced directly and obliquely, usually in reference to its prominent pagan cult. In his prophesies against Egypt,
901:
1075:
The ancient city is currently located about 15–20 meters (49–66 ft) below the streets of the middle- and lower-class suburbs of
2065:
1881:
1508:
789:, the chief priest of Heliopolis, collect his history of the ancient kings of Egypt from its archives. The later Greek rulers, the
336:
2395:
2218:
1986:
1868:
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1024:
700:
bull, another embodiment of the Sun, had its altar here as well. The bulls' formal burial ground was situated north of the city.
331:
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334:
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879:
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2009:
2004:
1941:
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1999:
859:
684:, the deified solar disc. As part of his construction projects, he built a Heliopolitan temple named "Elevating Aten" (
2240:
2203:
2151:
2070:
897:
937:
The importance of the solar cult at
Heliopolis is reflected in both ancient pagan and current monotheistic beliefs.
2090:
1718:
1200:
949:, brought the remains of its predecessor to the altar of the sun god at Heliopolis each time it was reborn. In the
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2014:
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Les cosmo-théologies philosophiques d'Héliopolis et d'Hermopolis. Essai de thématisation et de systématisation
777:, who was one of his pupils, learned from him the true length of the year and month, upon which he formed his
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303:
268:
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Some ancient city walls of crude brick can be seen in the fields, a few granite blocks bearing the name of
2312:
2245:
2085:
1691:
987:
830:
385:
307:
806:
found the temples deserted, and the town itself almost uninhabited, although priests were still present.
636:, a grouping of nine major Egyptian deities that placed the others in subordinate status to Ra–Atum. The
2277:
1002:
381:
207:
1132:
893:
696:), whose stones can still be seen in some of the gates of Cairo's medieval city wall. The cult of the
2302:
2260:
2117:
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2019:
1859:, (Academy of African Thought, Sect. I, vol. 2), Kinshasa–Munich 1987; new ed., Munich-Paris, 2004.
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1381:(in Arabic). Cairo: Al-maǧlis al-aʿlá li-l-aṯār, high council of antiquities. p. 496.
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has been claimed to have gained its solar cult from a priest colony emigrating from Egypt.
1760:
1713:
1671:
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978:
958:
615:
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17:
965:) would be one of the five Egyptian cities to follow the Lord of Heaven's army and speak
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198:
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are not as well documented as those of other deities, although the high priests of
1929:
Obelisk of
Psametik II from Heliopolis, removed and reerected by Augustus in Rome
1005:
would shatter its obelisks and burn its temple and that its "young men of Folly" (
1589:
1341:
1099:
1043:
842:
575:
553:
504:
403:
291:
237:
1890:, edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 3 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 122–123
2272:
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Planetware: Priests of Ra tombs, Heliopolis—Al-Matariyyah. accessed 01.28.2011
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from
Heliopolis to Rome, where it remains. The two smaller obelisks called
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299:
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Heliopolis was one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, occupied since
1898: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1542:
1329:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 945.
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1933:
1675:
1601:
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1032:
974:
867:
818:
794:
786:
750:
670:
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433:
407:
56:
1876:
The
Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, George Hart
1833:"Colossal statue of 'forgotten' pharaoh brought to life in 3D images"
1661:
1617:
1609:
1206:
1182:
966:
954:
914:
875:
803:
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The city is mentioned as being one of the places that was rebuilt by
697:
633:
624:
399:
294:. It still stands in its original position, now within Al-Masalla in
180:
240:
and a major religious centre. Its site is within the boundaries of
59:, the largest surviving monument from Heliopolis, pictured in 2001.
1424:
1379:مخطوط معجم اللغة المصرية القديمة احمد كمال كمال. الجزء االثاني عشر
1173:
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892:
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762:
754:
547:
517:
253:
97:
817:, being noted by most major geographers of the period, including
871:
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philosophy and astronomy are claimed to have been frequented by
681:
563:
485:, perhaps from older /ja:wunaw/. Variant transcriptions include
426:
283:
1937:
1314:
411:
178:
1872:(Revised ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
1862:
1698:
393:
27:
Ancient
Egyptian city located in present-day Ayn Shams, Cairo
870:
were removed to adorn more northern cities of the Delta and
1091:. The area is about 1.5 kilometers (1 mi) west of the
773:
was lecturing there in 308 BC, and the Greek mathematician
571:
422:
279:
1472:"Model of a Votive Temple Gateway at Heliopolis (49.183)"
1789:"Al-Ahram Weekly | Features | City of the sun"
1814:"Pharonic tomb uncovered in Cairo, suburbs of Matariya"
1501:
The
Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
1114:
A selection of old maps showing Heliopolis are below:
686:
600:
437:
352:
559:
It was principally notable as the cult center of the
310:, in London and New York, also came from the city.
1226:
992:
323:
1203:– in reference to the reigns centered at Heliopolis
1040:
Titular Episcopal See of Heliopolis in Augustamnica
862:. Its population probably contained a considerable
212:
113:
103:
93:
77:
1791:. Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 2005-06-01. Archived from
1442:https://coptic-dictionary.org/entry.cgi?tla=C5494
1283:
1281:
1279:
1193:– in reference to the religious belief system of
274:The major surviving remnant of Heliopolis is the
552:Model of a Votive Temple Gateway at Heliopolis,
429:, whose principal cult was located in the city.
1455:Reallexikon der Ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte
224:'City of the Sun') was a major city of
1886:Redford, Donald Bruce. 1992. "Heliopolis". In
1949:
1364:
522:Map of ancient Lower Egypt showing Heliopolis
8:
1588:The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus,
1292:, American Univ in Cairo Press, p. 15,
1253:
30:
1557:"Pithom | ancient city, Egypt | Britannica"
1543:"Exodus 1 Brenton's Septuagint Translation"
186:
1956:
1942:
1934:
1290:Heliopolis: Rebirth of the City of the Sun
1252:Variant texts read "City of Destruction" (
1230:
582:of the city was known as the Great House (
327:
29:
1419:Ezekiel 30:17; prp. Amos 1:5 (apparently
1162:List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
1066:Heliopolis map published in 1809, in the
658:BC) have been discovered and excavated.
1850:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
1423:). This last would be the expected form
1225:Variant representations of Iunu include
977:mention the House or Temple of the Sun (
858:when it needed to be distinguished from
541:, Heliopolis was a regional center from
1914:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1848:Allen, James P. 2001. "Heliopolis". In
1275:
1218:
1116:
913:During the Middle Ages, the growth of
737:halted at this city on his march from
781:, or period of 8 years or 99 months.
7:
2318:
1866:Collier, Mark; Manley, Bill (1998).
1313:Griffith, Francis Llewellyn (1911).
2338:
1254:
1170:Heliopolis, the 20th-century suburb
982:
962:
619:
1093:modern suburb which bears its name
25:
2066:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
1288:Dobrowolska; et al. (2006),
1166:Other Heliopolises, particularly
874:. Two of these eventually became
809:Heliopolis was well known to the
2411:Former populated places in Egypt
2337:
2327:
2317:
2308:
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2296:
2259:
1893:
1869:How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs
1143:
1131:
1119:
1025:Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla
769:, and other Greek philosophers.
263:. It greatly expanded under the
76:
69:
49:
2328:
1191:Ancient Egyptian creation myths
957:claimed the "City of the Sun" (
718:(Exodus 1:11). The store-city
632:led to the development of the
493:. The name survived as Coptic
418:by the Greeks with the native
398:), meaning "City of the Sun".
1:
2406:Archaeological sites in Egypt
1181:, the 20th-century suburb of
1009:) would "fall by the sword".
845:, Heliopolis belonged to the
645:
503:The city also appears in the
479:reconstruct its pronunciation
866:element. Many of the city's
228:. It was the capital of the
179:
2251:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
2071:Population history of Egypt
1888:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
1017:José recibido en Heliópolis
993:
477:). Some scholars to
213:
2447:
1699:
1201:List of Egyptian dynasties
1185:settled by Egyptian Greeks
1106:were found and excavated.
855:Heliopolis in Augustamnica
852:, causing it to appear as
825:, and others, down to the
530:
394:
194:
18:Heliopolis in Augustamnica
2291:
2268:
2257:
1995:
1972:
1855:Bilolo, Mubabinge. 1986.
1365:Collier & Manley 1998
474:
466:
462:
202:
64:
48:
35:
2303:Ancient Egypt portal
1427:, but perhaps a play on
1031:The "Syrian Heliopolis"
2396:Cities in ancient Egypt
2372:30.129333°N 31.307528°E
1326:Encyclopædia Britannica
1069:Description de l'Égypte
1052:Eastern Orthodox Church
1023:(currently held in the
941:held that the Egyptian
687:
601:
587:
481:in earlier Egyptian as
438:
353:
304:Obelisk of Montecitorio
168:
135:30.129333°N 31.307528°E
1917:. London: John Murray.
1692:Stephanus of Byzantium
1072:
1028:
905:
831:Stephanus of Byzantium
556:
523:
510:as the "House of Ra".
302:, the Romans took the
1977:Glossary of artifacts
1746:Jeremiah 43:13 NASB;
1612:, xvii. p. 805;
1499:Hart, George (2005),
1065:
1015:
1003:Neo-Babylonian Empire
896:
676:introduced a kind of
568:came to be identified
551:
531:Further information:
521:
2401:Roman sites in Egypt
2377:30.129333; 31.307528
1907:, ed. (1854–1857). "
1503:, Psychology Press,
1377:Hawas, Zahi (2002).
898:Battle of Heliopolis
678:henotheistic worship
598:) or House of Atum (
140:30.129333; 31.307528
2431:Tells (archaeology)
2416:Hebrew Bible cities
2368: /
2123:Cursive hieroglyphs
1021:Francisco Gutiérrez
997:) and Ôn, claiming
939:Classical mythology
735:Alexander the Great
714:translation of the
308:Cleopatra's Needles
131: /
32:
2096:Funerary practices
1561:www.britannica.com
1529:2010-12-23 at the
1346:www.britannica.com
1073:
1029:
906:
900:during Napoleon's
880:Cleopatra's Needle
638:high priests of Ra
557:
524:
453:but it appears in
380:Heliopolis is the
296:El Matareya, Cairo
252:) in northeastern
85:Shown within Egypt
2351:
2350:
2106:Great Royal Wives
2076:Prehistoric Egypt
1761:Ezekiel 30:17 NIV
1648:, xviii. 8. § 6;
1646:Diogenes Laërtius
1480:, Brooklyn Museum
1242:
1241:
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1237:
999:Nebuchadnezzar II
991:
902:invasion of Egypt
543:predynastic times
449:transcription is
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278:of the Temple of
261:prehistoric Egypt
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108:Cairo Governorate
16:(Redirected from
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1835:. 20 April 2018.
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1667:De Natura Deorum
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578:. The primary
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2278:Egyptologists
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2018:
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2013:
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2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
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1966:
1965:Ancient Egypt
1959:
1954:
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1940:
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1900:public domain
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1882:0-415-34495-6
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1795:on 2013-03-25
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1598:
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1591:
1590:Book I, ch VI
1585:
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1510:0-415-34495-6
1506:
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1479:
1477:Official site
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1367:, p. 29.
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1199:
1197:at Heliopolis
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1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Al-Matariyyah
1071:
1070:
1064:
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1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
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1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
989:
983:בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ
980:
976:
972:
968:
960:
956:
952:
948:
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932:
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928:
927:ʻArab al-Ḥiṣn
924:
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667:Dynasty XVIII
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663:Amarna Period
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539:ancient Egypt
534:
533:Ancient Egypt
526:
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513:
511:
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508:Pyramid Texts
506:
501:
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488:
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472:
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448:
447:Egyptological
443:
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428:
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420:Egyptian gods
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52:
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43:
39:
34:
19:
2363:31°18′27.1″E
2360:30°07′45.6″N
2353:
2005:Architecture
1912:
1887:
1867:
1856:
1849:
1843:Bibliography
1827:
1817:
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1783:
1775:
1767:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1708:
1695:
1679:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1642:Is. et Osir.
1641:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1597:
1584:
1575:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1537:
1519:
1500:
1494:
1482:, retrieved
1478:
1475:
1466:
1454:
1448:
1436:
1428:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1360:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1324:
1308:
1289:
1248:
1221:
1194:
1113:
1097:
1087:in northern
1074:
1067:
1058:Present site
1046:of both the
1037:
1030:
1016:
1006:
951:Hebrew Bible
936:
926:
922:
912:
888:Central Park
854:
850:Augustamnica
840:
808:
747:
733:
702:
693:
685:
660:
623:
611:
607:
599:
595:
591:
558:
536:
502:
497:
490:
486:
482:
470:
458:
450:
444:
431:
410:form of the
389:
384:form of the
379:
351:
312:
273:
258:
249:
160:
156:
152:
151:
41:
37:
2375: /
2343:WikiProject
2157:Mathematics
2118:Hieroglyphs
2032:Portraiture
2000:Agriculture
1987:Main topics
1818:Egiptomania
1690:geographer
1460:(in German)
1431:"idolatry."
1100:Ramesses II
1085:Tel Al-Hisn
1044:titular see
843:Roman Egypt
829:geographer
730:Hellenistic
694:Wetjes Aten
661:During the
653: 2181
649: 2345
612:*Par-ʼAtāma
554:Dynasty XIX
505:Old Kingdom
434:native name
404:personified
390:Hēlioúpolis
361:hieroglyphs
292:Dynasty XII
286:erected by
246:El Matareya
238:Lower Egypt
214:Hēlioúpοlis
138: /
114:Coordinates
55:Al-Masalla
2421:Nile Delta
2390:Categories
2273:Egyptology
2241:Technology
2204:Philosophy
2152:Literature
2044:Chronology
1799:2013-03-26
1719:Nat. Hist.
1700:Ἡλίουπόλις
1686:, iii. 8.
1622:Exp. Alex.
1566:2022-05-25
1410:Gen. 41:50
1401:Gen. 41:45
1388:9773053474
1351:2021-08-25
1299:9774160088
1266:References
1258:) instead.
1042:remains a
945:, renamed
799:Alexandria
783:Ptolemy II
779:octaeterid
771:Ichonuphys
759:Pythagoras
712:Septuagint
651: – c.
642:Dynasty VI
596:*Par ʻĀʼat
395:Ἡλιούπολις
349:Heliopolis
288:Senusret I
203:Ἡλιούπολις
153:Heliopolis
126:31°18′27″E
123:30°07′46″N
31:Heliopolis
2177:Mythology
2101:Geography
2091:Dynasties
2039:Astronomy
1772:Macrobius
1688:Byzantine
1670:iii. 21;
1658:C. Apion.
1656:xiii. 3,
1654:Ant. Jud.
1606:Herodotus
1342:"obelisk"
1271:Citations
1179:Ilioupoli
1104:Psamtik I
1081:Ain Shams
994:bêṯ šemeš
988:romanized
923:Ayn Shams
827:Byzantine
823:Herodotus
791:Ptolemies
674:Akhenaten
630:Dynasty V
574:and then
465:,
382:Latinised
242:Ain Shams
208:romanized
174:romanized
2313:Category
2234:District
2229:Capitals
2214:Religion
2197:Titulary
2187:Pharaohs
2167:Military
2162:Medicine
2145:Hieratic
2135:Language
2061:Clothing
2015:Obelisks
1778:, i. 23.
1722:, vi, 34
1682:vi. 28;
1650:Josephus
1634:Plutarch
1624:iii. 1;
1614:Diodorus
1527:Archived
1425:in pausa
1255:עיר ההרס
1156:See also
1150:1882 map
1138:1799 map
1126:1743 map
1050:and the
971:Jeremiah
963:עיר החרס
884:New York
868:obelisks
847:province
739:Pelusium
688:Wṯs I͗tn
608:Per Atum
602:Pr I͗tmw
300:Augustus
94:Location
2333:Outline
2323:Commons
2283:Museums
2219:Scribes
2209:Pottery
2140:Demotic
2130:History
2081:Cuisine
2010:Revival
1909:Obelisk
1902::
1776:Saturn.
1748:Compare
1676:Tacitus
1660:i. 26;
1602:Ptolemy
1421:Baalbek
1323:(ed.).
1110:Gallery
1033:Baalbek
1001:of the
990::
975:Ezekiel
947:phoenix
909:Islamic
904:in 1800
864:Arabian
819:Ptolemy
795:Serapis
787:Manetho
775:Eudoxus
751:Orpheus
743:Memphis
671:Pharaoh
592:Per Aat
561:sun god
527:Ancient
514:History
483:*ʔa:wnu
408:deified
276:obelisk
222:
210::
176::
57:obelisk
2182:People
2049:Cities
1967:topics
1880:
1736:19:18.
1734:Isaiah
1662:Cicero
1638:Solon.
1626:Aelian
1618:Arrian
1610:Strabo
1507:
1484:8 July
1385:
1296:
1207:Benben
1183:Athens
1083:, and
979:Hebrew
967:Hebrew
959:Hebrew
955:Isaiah
933:Legacy
925:) and
915:Fustat
876:London
815:Romans
804:Strabo
797:, and
720:Pithom
705:Hebrew
698:Mnevis
656:
634:Ennead
625:Pithom
616:Hebrew
588:Pr Ꜥꜣt
580:temple
566:, who
402:, the
400:Helios
191:Coptic
169:𓉺𓏌𓊖
104:Region
2246:Trade
2224:Sites
2172:Music
2086:Dance
2020:Pylon
1982:Index
1714:Plin.
1696:s. v.
1630:H. A.
1319:. In
1213:Notes
1174:Cairo
1089:Cairo
1019:, by
943:bennu
919:Cairo
837:Roman
767:Solon
763:Plato
755:Homer
716:Bible
709:Greek
576:Horus
570:with
475:אָוֶן
471:ʾĀwen
388:name
386:Greek
316:Names
254:Cairo
199:Greek
98:Egypt
2192:List
2111:List
2054:List
1878:ISBN
1680:Ann.
1644:33;
1640:26,
1505:ISBN
1486:2014
1429:awen
1383:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1195:Iunu
1038:The
1007:Aven
973:and
917:and
872:Rome
813:and
785:had
682:Aten
564:Atum
491:Annu
489:and
487:Awnu
467:אוֹן
451:Iunu
439:iwnw
436:was
432:Its
427:Atum
425:and
406:and
354:iwnw
284:Atum
267:and
250:kism
244:and
230:13th
220:lit.
187:lit.
181:jwnw
161:Iunu
157:Jwnw
42:Iunu
38:Jwnw
2027:Art
1911:".
1750:NIV
1172:of
886:'s
878:'s
841:In
757:,
741:to
692:or
680:of
665:of
620:פתם
606:or
590:or
537:In
463:אֹן
459:ʾŌn
457:as
412:sun
359:in
290:of
265:Old
236:of
232:or
40:or
2392::
1816:,
1774:,
1716:,
1694:,
1678:,
1664:,
1652:,
1636:,
1628:,
1620:,
1559:.
1474:,
1458:.
1344:.
1278:^
1095:.
1079:,
1054:.
985:,
981::
969:.
961::
929:.
890:.
833:.
821:,
765:,
761:,
753:,
745:.
726:.
669:,
646:c.
622:,
618::
614:;
610:,
594:,
586::
572:Ra
545:.
500:.
498:ŌN
495:ⲱⲛ
423:Ra
414:,
280:Ra
256:.
217:,
205:,
201::
197:;
195:ⲱⲛ
193::
185:,
171:,
167::
163:;
159:,
1957:e
1950:t
1943:v
1822:.
1802:.
1724:.
1703:.
1592:.
1569:.
1545:.
1514:.
1489:.
1391:.
1354:.
1331:.
1303:.
1243:.
1027:)
644:(
473:(
461:(
392:(
282:-
155:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
