876:(NIR) spectra, which can be further divided into NIR-I (760-900 nm), NIR-II (900-1880 nm), and NIR-III (2080-2340 nm) windows. Wavelengths in these regions are typically less phototoxic than UV or high-energy visible light. In addition, NIR-II wavelengths have been observed to show deeper penetration than NIR-I wavelengths, allowing for treatment of deeper wounds, infections, and cancers. Important considerations for the development of a PTA include photothermal conversion efficiency, phototoxicity, laser intensity, irradiation time, and the temperature at which human cell viability is impaired (around 46-60 °C). Currently, the only FDA-approved photothermal agent is
1148:
914:
222:
176:
627:
64:
4992:
968:. A 1995 study showed that green light therapy at doses of 350 lux produces melatonin suppression and phase shifts equivalent to 10,000 lux white light therapy, but another study published in May 2010 suggests that the blue light often used for SAD treatment should perhaps be replaced by green or white illumination, because of a possible involvement of the
896:- a hotter environment causes heightened membrane permeability, which thus allows the drug into the cell. This would reduce/eliminate the impact on human cell viability, and aiding in antibiotic accumulation within the target cell may assist in restoring activity in antibiotics that pathogens had developed resistance to.
3350:
Ding, Qiuyue; Sun, Tingfang; Su, Weijie; Jing, Xirui; Ye, Bing; Su, Yanlin; Zeng, Lian; Qu, Yanzhen; Yang, Xu; Wu, Yuzhou; Luo, Zhiqiang; Guo, Xiaodong (2022). "Bioinspired
Multifunctional Black Phosphorus Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties: A Stepwise Countermeasure for Diabetic
891:
than most, if not all, currently developed treatments. In addition, PTT can be used in hypoxic environments and on deeper wounds, infections, and tumors than PDT due to the higher wavelength of light. Due to PTT activity in hypoxic environments, it may be also used on more developed tumors than PDT.
250:
As of 2012 evidence for light therapy and lasers in the treatment of acne vulgaris was not sufficient to recommend them. There is moderate evidence for the efficacy of blue and blue-red light therapies in treating mild acne, but most studies are of low quality. While light therapy appears to provide
650:
damage, and so this buildup of bilirubin must be treated. Phototherapy uses the energy from light to isomerize the bilirubin and consequently transform it into compounds that the newborn can excrete via urine and stools. Bilirubin is most successful absorbing light in the blue region of the visible
1721:
Morton, C.A.; Brown, S.B.; Collins, S.; Ibbotson, S.; Jenkinson, H.; Kurwa, H.; Langmack, K.; Mckenna, K.; Moseley, H.; Pearse, A.D.; Stringer, M.; Taylor, D.K.; Wong, G.; Rhodes, L.E. (April 2002). "Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: report of a workshop of the
British Photodermatology
355:
to protect the body from UV damage. Prescribed treatment is generally 3 times a week in a clinic or daily at home. About 1 month usually results in re-pigmentation in the face and neck, and 2–4 months in the hands and legs. Narrowband UVB is more suitable to the face and neck and PUVA is more
267:
have proven their efficacy. Patients tolerate the therapy safely but, as in any therapy, there are potential adverse effects and care must be taken in its application, particularly to children. According to a study involving 21 adults with severe atopic dermatitis, narrowband UVB phototherapy
871:
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a form of phototherapy that uses non-toxic compounds called photothermal agents (PTA) that, when irradiated at a certain wavelength of light, converts the light energy directly to heat energy. The photothermal conversion efficiency determines the amount of light
490:
concluded that "overall, bright light therapy is an excellent candidate for inclusion into the therapeutic inventory available for the treatment of nonseasonal depression today, as adjuvant therapy to antidepressant medication, or eventually as stand-alone treatment for specific subgroups of
446:
by the
Swedish agency SBU found insufficient evidence that light therapy was able to alleviate symptoms of depression or seasonal affective disorder. The report recommended that: "Approximately 100 participants are required to establish whether the therapy is moderately more effective than
3196:
Nie, Xiaolin; Jiang, Chenyu; Wu, Shuanglin; Chen, Wangbingfei; Lv, Pengfei; Wang, Qingqing; Liu, Jingyan; Narh, Christopher; Cao, Xiuming; Ghiladi, Reza A.; Wei, Qufu (2020). "Carbon quantum dots: A bright future as photosensitizers for in vitro antibacterial photodynamic inactivation".
241:
UVB, which has a wavelength of approximately 311–313 nanometers. Full body phototherapy can be delivered at a doctor's office or at home using a large high-power UVB booth. Tanning beds, however, generate mostly UVA light, and only 4% to 10% of tanning-bed light is in the UVB spectrum.
917:
Light intensity of a light therapy lamp in a room. Daylight only penetrates into the room filtered and restricted from the window curtain and protruding roof. In modern society, people often spend too little time outdoors, where the light is significantly brighter than in closed
1265:
From the late nineteenth century until the early 1930s, light therapy was considered an effective and mainstream medical therapy in the UK for conditions such as varicose ulcer, 'sickly children' and a wide range of other conditions. Controlled trials by the medical scientist
2971:
Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Gehrman, Philip; Martin, Jennifer L.; Shochat, Tamar; Marler, Matthew; Corey-Bloom, Jody; Levi, Leah (February 2003). "Increased Light
Exposure Consolidates Sleep and Strengthens Circadian Rhythms in Severe Alzheimer's Disease Patients".
419:
exposure and resets the body's internal clock. Studies show that light therapy helps reduce the debilitating and depressive behaviors of SAD, such as excessive sleepiness and fatigue, with results lasting for at least 1 month. Light therapy is preferred over
3402:
Zhang, Xingyu; Zhang, Guannan; Zhang, Hongyu; Liu, Xiaoping; Shi, Jing; Shi, Huixian; Yao, Xiaohong; Chu, Paul K.; Zhang, Xiangyu (2020). "A bifunctional hydrogel incorporated with CuS@MoS2 microspheres for disinfection and improved wound healing".
2264:
3441:
Shim, Sang Ho; Lee, Si Young; Lee, Jong-Bin; Chang, Beom-Seok; Lee, Jae-Kwan; Um, Heung-Sik (2022). "Antimicrobial photothermal therapy using diode laser with indocyanine green on
Streptococcus gordonii biofilm attached to zirconia surface".
3637:
Leber, Bettina; Mayrhauser, Ursula; Leopold, Barbara; Koestenbauer, Sonja; Tscheliessnigg, Karlheinz; Stadlbauer, Vanessa; Stiegler, Philipp (2012). "Impact of temperature on cell death in a cell-culture model of hepatocellular carcinoma".
330:
and reduce inflammatory responses. Light therapy for skin conditions like psoriasis usually use 313 nanometer UVB though it may use UVA (315–400 nm wavelength) or a broader spectrum UVB (280–315 nm wavelength). UVA combined with
2368:
Benedetti, Francesco; Colombo, Cristina; Pontiggia, Adriana; Bernasconi, Alessandro; Florita, Marcello; Smeraldi, Enrico (June 2003). "Morning light treatment hastens the antidepressant effect of citalopram: a placebo-controlled trial".
451:". Although treatment in light therapy rooms was well established in Sweden, no satisfactory, controlled studies had been published on the subject. This led to the closure of a number of clinics offering light therapy in Sweden.
682:
environments. Selective apoptosis of diseased cells is difficult due to the radical nature of ROS, but may be controlled for through membrane potential and other cell-type specific properties' effects on permeability or through
1696:
5284:
3571:
Feng, Zhe; Tang, Tao; Wu, Tianxiang; Yu, Xiaoming; Zhang, Yuhuang; Wang, Meng; Zheng, Junyan; Ying, Yanyun; Chen, Siyi; Zhou, Jing; Fan, Xiaoxiao; Zhang, Dan; Li, Shengliang; Zhang, Mingxi; Qian, Jun (2021-09-24).
4201:
International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation, Protection. (August 2004). "Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation)".
1081:
drugs are not being taken at the same time and in the absence of any existing eye conditions. Light therapy is a mood altering treatment, and just as with drug treatments, there is a possibility of triggering a
2318:
Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara; Forneris, Catherine A.; Morgan, Laura C.; Van Noord, Megan G.; Gaynes, Bradley N.; Greenblatt, Amy; Wipplinger, Jörg; Lux, Linda J.; Winkler, Dietmar; Gartlehner, Gerald (2019).
3674:
838:
to form due to the nontoxic nature of the photosensitizer itself as well as the ROS generation mechanism of action, which cannot be prevented outside of hypoxic environments. Certain dental infections (
1222:, but recent studies showed that his lens and filter system did not allow such short wavelengths to pass through, leading instead to the conclusion that light of approximately 400 nanometers generated
1155:, especially of the bones and joints, laying on beds on a terrace outside Treloar Hospital in Alton, Hampshire, England, in sunlight as part of their light therapy, ca. first half of the 20th century
899:
PTT is typically seen to have improved antimicrobial and wound healing activity when combined with an additional mechanism of action through PDT or added antibiotic compounds in the application.
462:
of seasonal affective disorder is limited, although the risk of adverse effects are minimal. Therefore, the decision to use light therapy should be based on a person's preference of treatment.
3893:
Wu, Mann-Chian; Sung, Huei-Chuan; Lee, Wen-Li; Smith, Graeme D (October 2015). "The effects of light therapy on depression and sleep disruption in older adults in a long-term care facility".
424:
in the treatment of SAD because it is a relatively safe and easy therapy. Two methods of light therapy, bright light and dawn simulation, have similar success rates in the treatment of SAD.
3528:
Fekrazad, Reza; Khoei, Farzaneh; Bahador, Abbas; Hakimiha, Neda (2020). "Comparison of different modes of photo-activated disinfection against
Porphyromonas gingivalis: An in vitro study".
268:
administered three times per week for 12 weeks reduced atopic dermatitis severity scores by 68%. In this open study, 15 patients still experienced long-term benefits six months later.
818:. This is likely due to factors such as cell wall thickness and membrane potential. Many studies utilizing aPDT focus on the application of the photosensitizer through leakage from a
651:
light spectrum, which falls between 460 and 490 nm. Therefore, light therapy technologies that utilize these blue wavelengths are the most successful at isomerizing bilirubin.
2893:
Willis G. L.; Moore C.; Armstrong S. M. (2012). "A historical justification for and retrospective analysis of the systematic application of light therapy in
Parkinson's disease".
1700:
351:
which causes painless distinct light-colored patches of the skin on the face, hands, and legs. Phototherapy is an effective treatment because it forces skin cells to manufacture
263:(AD) when applied to patients who have not responded to traditional topical treatments. The therapy offers a wide range of options: UVA1 for acute AD, NB-UVB for chronic AD, and
2936:
Satlin, A.; Volicer, L.; Ross, V.; Herz, L.; Campbell, S. (August 1992). "Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with
Alzheimer's disease".
646:
during the breakdown of old red blood cells, cannot always be effectively cleared by a neonate's liver causing neonatal jaundice. Accumulation of excess bilirubin can cause
4280:
Epstein, Franklin H.; Gilchrest, Barbara A.; Eller, Mark S.; Geller, Alan C.; Yaar, Mina (29 April 1999). "The
Pathogenesis of Melanoma Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation".
830:(HIF). This controlled leakage allows for prolonged but limited generation of ROS, lowering the impact on human cell viability due to ROS cytotoxicity. It is unlikely for
4918:
3485:
Böcher, Sarah; Wenzler, Johannes-Simon; Falk, Wolfgang; Braun, Andreas (2019). "Comparison of different laser-based photochemical systems for periodontal treatment".
1208:
is believed to be the father of modern phototherapy. He developed the first artificial light source for this purpose. Finsen used short wavelength light to treat
2256:
903:
854:
339:
treatment. In UVB phototherapy the exposure time is very short, seconds to minutes depending on intensity of lamps and the person's skin pigment and sensitivity.
608:, who often struggle with agitation and fragmented wake/rest cycles effectively led to more consolidated sleep and an increase in circadian rhythm stability.
1576:
Hamilton FL, Car J, Lyons C, Car M, Layton A, Majeed A (June 2009). "Laser and other light therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris: systematic review".
892:
Low-temperature PTT (≤ 45 °C) for treatment of infections is also a possibility when combined with an antibiotic compound due to heat's proportionality with
846:) are more difficult to treat with PDT as opposed to photothermal therapy due to the requirement of oxygen, though a significant response is still observed.
498:
A 2016 meta-analysis showed that bright light therapy appeared to be efficacious, particularly when administered for 2–5 weeks' duration and as monotherapy.
2147:
Danilenko, K.V.; Ivanova, I.A. (July 2015). "Dawn simulation vs. bright light in seasonal affective disorder: Treatment effects and subjective preference".
872:
converted to heat, which can dictate the necessary irradiation time and/or laser intensity for treatments. Typically PTT treatments use wavelengths in the
3673:
Li, Xingde; Beauvoit, Bertrand; White, Renita; Nioka, Shoko; Chance, Britton; Yodh, Arjun G. (1995-05-30). Chance, Britton; Alfano, Robert R. (eds.).
2182:
Thompson C, Stinson D, Smith A (September 1990). "Seasonal affective disorder and season-dependent abnormalities of melatonin suppression by light".
1098:. While these side effects are usually controllable, it is recommended that patients undertake light therapy under the supervision of an experienced
5087:
5038:
5007:
1055:
and can decrease sleep quality. It is reported that, in reproductive-age females, bright light therapy may activate the production of reproductive
678:(ROS) that target malignant and other diseased cells. Oxygen is thus required for activity, lowering efficacy in highly developed tumors and other
486:
concluded that "for patients suffering from non-seasonal depression, light therapy offers modest though promising antidepressive efficacy." A 2008
5160:
764:
1355:"Ultraviolet B Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Are More Efficient and Effective in Producing Vitamin D3 in Human Skin Compared to Natural Sunlight"
960:
of light at a specified distance, much brighter than a customary lamp, or a lower intensity of specific wavelengths of light from the blue (460
783:(aPDT) or photodynamic inactivation (PDI). aPDT has been observed to be effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as
99:
95:
5615:
5391:
3844:
Harrison, S. J.; Tyrer, A. E.; Levitan, R. D.; Xu, X.; Houle, S.; Wilson, A. A.; Nobrega, J. N.; Rusjan, P. M.; Meyer, J. H. (November 2015).
4786:
4713:
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4332:
3137:
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1231:
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is the exposure to direct sunlight or artificial light at controlled wavelengths in order to treat a variety of medical disorders, including
4499:
Terman M, Terman JS (August 2005). "Light therapy for seasonal and nonseasonal depression: efficacy, protocol, safety, and side effects".
4347:
Glazer-Hockstein C, Dunaief JL (January 2006). "Could blue light-blocking lenses decrease the risk of age-related macular degeneration?".
2623:
Mårtensson B; Pettersson A; Berglund L; Ekselius L (2015). "Bright white light therapy in depression: A critical review of the evidence".
523:
674:) that are exposed selectively to light at a controlled wavelength, laser intensity, and irradiation time, whereupon they generate toxic
5203:
4245:
Ichihashi, M.; Ueda, M.; Budiyanto, A.; Bito, T.; Oka, M.; Fukunaga, M.; Tsuru, K.; Horikawa, T. (July 2003). "UV-induced skin damage".
823:
780:
470:
Light therapy has also been suggested in the treatment of non-seasonal depression and other psychiatric mood disturbances, including
5527:
5292:
4390:
2588:
Even, C; Schröder, CM; Friedman, S; Rouillon, F (2008). "Efficacy of light therapy in nonseasonal depression: A systematic review".
1040:
724:
4729:
Moller, Kirsten Iversen; Kongshoj, Brian; Philipsen, Peter Alshede; Thomsen, Vibeke Ostergaard; Wulf, Hans Christian (2014-11-12).
3928:
Wright HR, Lack LC, Kennaway DJ (March 2004). "Differential effects of light wavelength in phase advancing the melatonin rhythm".
1270:, supported by the Medical Research Council, indicated that light therapy was not effective for such a wide range of conditions.
4933:
566:
507:
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either filter out or do not emit ultraviolet light and are considered safe and effective for the intended purpose, as long as
949:. Hence, for the purpose of manipulating melatonin levels or timing, light boxes providing very specific types of artificial
74:
4450:"Stimulatory effect of morning bright light on reproductive hormones and ovulation: results of a controlled crossover trial"
3679:
Optical Tomography, Photon Migration, and Spectroscopy of Tissue and Model Media: Theory, Human Studies, and Instrumentation
1930:
Bandow, Grace D.; Koo, John Y. M. (August 2004). "Narrow-band ultraviolet B radiation: a review of the current literature".
1139:. Some non-depressive physical complaints, such as poor vision and skin rash or irritation, may improve with light therapy.
4013:
The magnitude of the phase shifts are comparable to those obtained using high-intensity white light in winter-depressives.
5332:
1043:, there is no scientific evidence showing that exposure to blue light emitting devices result in eye damage. According to
727:(Stage 0). Photosensitizing agents clinically-approved or undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancers include
535:
288:
is established for this application. However, alternative uses of light for cancer treatment – light box therapy and
5502:
5497:
5317:
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1147:
1064:
934:
511:
4136:
1838:
Bae, Jung Min; Jung, Han Mi; Hong, Bo Young; Lee, Joo Hee; Choi, Won Joon; Lee, Ji Hae; Kim, Gyong Moon (1 July 2017).
5541:
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412:
406:
365:
144:
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435:. People affected by SAD have low levels of energy and have difficulty concentrating. They usually have a change in
5302:
4100:
Matsumura, Yasuhiro; Ananthaswamy, Honnavara N (March 2004). "Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin".
3722:"The Temperature Dependence of Lipid Membrane Permeability, its Quantized Nature, and the Influence of Anesthetics"
1214:
720:
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dependent. Morning therapy has provided the best results because light in the early morning aids in regulating the
179:
A baby in neonatal care under a blue-light (420–470 nm) phototherapy lamp wearing only a diaper, being treated for
4026:
1108:
to light therapy for seasonal affective disorder include conditions that might render the eyes more vulnerable to
5605:
5507:
5130:
3720:
Blicher, Andreas; Wodzinska, Katarzyna; Fidorra, Matthias; Winterhalter, Mathias; Heimburg, Thomas (2009-06-03).
1279:
923:
767:. Third-generation photosensitizers are currently in development, but none are yet approved for clinical trials.
704:
687:. In developing any phototherapeutic agent, the phototoxicity of the treatment wavelength should be considered.
577:
471:
369:
285:
164:
48:
3299:
Xu, Yinglin; Chen, Haolin; Fang, Yifen; Wu, Jun (2022). "Hydrogel Combined with Phototherapy in Wound Healing".
1973:
Arden, G. B.; Sivaprasad, S. (2012-02-03). "The pathogenesis of early retinal changes of diabetic retinopathy".
5610:
5322:
5297:
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depressed patients." A 2015 review found that supporting evidence for light therapy was limited due to serious
106:
2690:
Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Pallesen, Ståle (February 2009). "A practical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders".
514:(DSPD), the timing of light exposure is critical. Light exposure administered to the eyes before or after the
4996:
4050:"Spectral Responses of the Human Circadian System Depend on the Irradiance and Duration of Exposure to Light"
1533:
Hession MT, Markova A, Graber EM (2015). "A review of hand-held, home-use cosmetic laser and light devices".
5208:
5024:
1299:
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rendered light therapy obsolete for these diseases. In the early 20th-century light therapy was promoted by
814:
675:
455:
277:
151:
sleep-wake disorders, cancers, and skin wound infections. Treating skin conditions such as neurodermatitis,
41:
2825:
Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Cardinali DP (March 2009). "Melatonin and its relevance to jet lag".
849:
Increased antimicrobial activity and wound healing speeds are typically observed when PDT is combined with
280:, there is some evidence that ultraviolet light therapy may be effective in helping treat certain kinds of
5595:
5512:
5449:
5274:
5150:
4655:
4508:
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of any kind with enough intensity can cause damage to the eyes and skin including photoconjunctivitis and
795:
708:
647:
605:
593:
483:
389:
5107:
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Saeeduddin Ahmed; Neil L Cutter; Alfred J. Lewy; Vance K. Bauer; Robert L Sack; Mary S. Cardoza (1995).
808:
791:
479:
264:
221:
4317:
Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive 2006/25/EC 'artificial optical radiation'
458:
review conducted in 2019 states the evidence that light therapy's effectiveness as a treatment for the
4048:
J.J. Gooley; S.M.W. Rajaratnam; G.C. Brainard; R.E. Kronauer; C.A. Czeisler; S.W. Lockley (May 2010).
822:, which has been found to increase wound healing speed of skin infections through the upregulation of
5620:
5569:
5554:
5454:
5386:
5374:
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Michel A. Paul; James C. Miller; Gary Gray; Fred Buick; Sofi Blazeski; Josephine Arendt (July 2007).
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866:
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385:
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35:
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1112:, tendency toward mania, photosensitive skin conditions, or use of a photosensitizing herb (such as
695:
Various cancer treatments utilizing PDT have been approved by the FDA. Treatments are available for
5492:
5307:
5145:
5077:
4869:
4778:
1430:
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1251:
1235:
1205:
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should use caution with light therapy as there is a chance that these drugs could cause porphyria.
1060:
913:
884:
843:
3066:"Numbers needed to treat with phototherapy according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines"
2073:
5600:
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Our Friend, the Sun: Images of Light Therapeutics from the Osler Library Collection, c. 1901–1944
4900:
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3846:"Light therapy and serotonin transporter binding in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex"
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2006:
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short-term benefit, there is a lack of long-term outcome data or data in those with severe acne.
184:
4574:
Westrin, Åsa; Lam, Raymond W. (October 2007). "Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clinical Update".
1113:
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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy using nontoxic light-sensitive compounds (
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European Commission; Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (2011),
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Yam, Jason C. S.; Kwok, Alvin K. H. (31 May 2013). "Ultraviolet light and ocular diseases".
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for some of his treatments is lacking, and later eradication of smallpox and development of
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1035:. Researchers have questioned whether limiting blue light exposure could reduce the risk of
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839:
785:
760:
475:
432:
180:
148:
2860:
Crowley, S.J.; Eastman, C.I. (2013). "Light and Melatonin Treatment for Jet Lag Disorder".
233:. The exposures can be to a small area of the skin or over the whole body surface, as in a
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Kalajian, T. A.; Aldoukhi, A.; Veronikis, A. J.; Persons, K.; Holick, M. F. (2017-09-13).
1247:
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Side effects of light therapy for sleep phase disorders include jumpiness or jitteriness,
888:
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Studies have shown that daytime and evening light therapy for nursing home patients with
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Light therapy has been trialed in treating sleep disorders experienced by patients with
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3241:
3090:
3065:
3041:
3017:"Light Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Past, Present, and Future"
3016:
2869:
2802:
2769:
2565:
2540:
2446:
2413:
2345:
2320:
2116:
2099:
2050:
2025:
1864:
1839:
1647:
1620:
1510:
1483:
1387:
1354:
1289:
1267:
1209:
1160:
1074:
1032:
993:
883:
PTT is less selective than photodynamic therapy (PDT, see above) due to its heat-based
421:
314:, UVB phototherapy has been shown to be effective. A feature of psoriasis is localized
296:(often with red light) is used to treat certain superficial non-melanoma skin cancers.
4703:
4258:
1411:"PUVA therapy for skin diseases: treatment features | Heliotherapy Research Institute"
933:, a sleep regulator, is inhibited by light and permitted by darkness as registered by
626:
63:
5589:
5564:
5522:
5444:
5359:
5349:
5230:
5112:
5047:
4854:
4747:
4730:
4360:
4215:
3941:
3557:
3514:
3471:
3424:
3388:
3336:
3226:
3210:
2738:
2195:
1943:
1900:
1802:
1786:
1735:
1589:
1284:
1255:
1164:
1109:
946:
893:
802:
373:
327:
319:
289:
156:
4764:
4538:
4376:
4231:
4187:
3706:
3179:
3001:
2922:
2754:
2659:"Bright light therapy for nonseasonal depression: Meta-analysis of clinical trials".
2398:
2211:
2133:
2010:
1959:
1916:
1562:
1431:"Treating psoriasis: light therapy and phototherapy – National Psoriasis Foundation"
83:
79:
5574:
5410:
4904:
4419:
3064:
Newman TB, Kuzniewicz MW, Liljestrand P, Wi S, McCulloch C, Escobar GJ (May 2009).
2556:
2525:
2429:
2336:
1855:
1751:
1605:
1334:
1243:
1168:
1159:
Many ancient cultures practiced various forms of heliotherapy, including people of
1152:
1121:
1073:
Modern phototherapy lamps used in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder and
1044:
1009:
315:
4829:"Bringing Light to the World: John Harvey Kellogg and Transatlantic Light Therapy"
3957:
2257:"Light Therapy for Depression, and Other Treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder"
1670:
4466:
4065:
2265:
Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
1546:
1218:. He thought that the beneficial effect was due to ultraviolet light killing the
112:
5354:
5247:
5082:
4633:
4553:
4293:
3675:"Tumor localization using fluorescence of indocyanine green (ICG) in rat models"
3541:
3498:
3455:
2838:
1309:
1239:
1125:
1095:
1083:
1017:
985:
752:
492:
323:
281:
234:
225:
High-intensity blue light (425 nm) used for the attempted treatment of acne
4845:
4828:
4423:
4113:
3597:
2985:
2906:
2785:
2703:
2509:
1410:
1370:
1187:. Indian medical literature dating to 1500 BCE describes a treatment combining
630:
A newborn infant undergoing white-light phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice
384:
There is preliminary evidence that light therapy is an effective treatment for
5425:
5415:
5235:
4657:
Soaking Up the Rays: Light Therapy and Visual Culture in Britain, C. 1890-1940
4587:
4522:
4171:
3755:
3416:
3258:
2669:
2636:
2601:
2160:
1986:
1452:
1314:
1195:
from about 200 CE and 10th-century Chinese documents make similar references.
748:
732:
621:
376:. Narrowband UVB between 311 and 313 nanometers is the most common treatment.
238:
206:
202:
4949:
3763:
3651:
3605:
3372:
3320:
3267:
3129:
3113:
Grossweiner, Leonard I.; Grossweiner, James B.; Gerald Rogers, B. H. (2005).
2793:
2437:
2298:
1994:
1500:
1378:
5559:
5400:
5364:
5259:
5218:
5213:
5135:
5097:
3170:
3153:
3032:
2658:
1202:
1120:
should avoid most forms of light therapy. Patients on certain drugs such as
1117:
1099:
1068:
1048:
1005:
1001:
969:
961:
942:
930:
639:
539:
311:
152:
17:
4967:
4896:
4888:
4756:
4595:
4530:
4485:
4368:
4301:
4266:
4223:
4179:
4121:
4083:
4008:
3989:
3949:
3914:
3879:
3830:
3781:
3659:
3623:
3549:
3506:
3463:
3380:
3364:
3328:
3312:
3285:
3218:
3099:
3081:
3050:
2993:
2949:
2914:
2846:
2811:
2746:
2711:
2677:
2644:
2609:
2574:
2517:
2482:
2455:
2390:
2354:
2168:
2125:
2059:
2002:
1951:
1908:
1887:
Baron ED, Stevens SR (2003). "Phototherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma".
1873:
1743:
1656:
1597:
1554:
1519:
1468:
1396:
1012:
generation. Ultraviolet light is also known to be a factor in formation of
806:. aPDT has shown lowered efficacy on some other bacterial species, such as
4991:
4665:
3242:"Clinical development of photodynamic agents and therapeutic applications"
2957:
2203:
1794:
5252:
5198:
4944:(2). Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and Minervation Ltd: 84–6.
3973:"Phase Response Curve of Low-Intensity Green Light in Winter Depressives"
3114:
2382:
2041:
1227:
1219:
1132:
1013:
997:
989:
950:
873:
819:
436:
416:
348:
332:
5003:
4807:
1637:
5190:
3861:
2100:"Seasonal affective disorder: Is there light at the end of the tunnel?"
1671:"Phototherapy for Eczema: The Ultimate Guide to Using UV Light Therapy"
1176:
1056:
581:
448:
352:
259:
Light therapy is considered one of the best monotherapy treatments for
3906:
3795:
Lazzerini Ospri, Lorenzo; Prusky, Glen; Hattar, Samer (25 July 2017).
3698:
1621:"Management of atopic dermatitis: safety and efficacy of phototherapy"
122:
1136:
938:
543:
428:
415:(SAD) may be linked to the fact that light therapy makes up for lost
160:
2496:
Terman M (December 2007). "Evolving applications of light therapy".
1016:. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is strongly linked to incidence of
526:. Some users have reported success with lights that turn on shortly
3797:"Mood, the Circadian System, and Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells"
5102:
4324:
3738:
1226:
that would kill the bacteria. Finsen also used red light to treat
1184:
1146:
912:
643:
625:
515:
229:
Light therapy treatments for the skin usually involve exposure to
220:
174:
2539:
Tuunainen, Arja; Kripke, Daniel F; Endo, Takuro (19 April 2004).
205:
at wavelengths of 290-300 nanometers enables the body to produce
5016:
1765:
Diffey BL (1980). "Ultraviolet radiation physics and the skin".
1188:
1172:
1047:, blue light exposure is reported to suppress the production of
364:
Some types of phototherapy may be effective in the treatment of
336:
5020:
956:
Light therapy uses either a light box which emits up to 10,000
779:
skin, wound, or other superficial infections. This is known as
427:
It is possible that response to light therapy for SAD could be
2412:
Tuunainen, Arja; Kripke, Daniel F; Endo, Takuro (2004-04-19).
1337:. The distance affects how much area the light is spread over.
957:
4554:"Light Therapy Diagnostic Indications and Contraindications"
4705:
Lichtduschen Geschichte einer Gesundheitstechnik, 1890–1975
4027:"Circadian Phase Delay Induced by Phototherapeutic Devices"
3574:"Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window"
3240:
Baskaran, Rengarajan; Lee, Junghan; Yang, Su-Geun (2018).
2725:
Zisapel, Nava (2001). "Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders".
2321:"Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder"
1191:
with natural sunlight to treat non-pigmented skin areas.
880:
which is active against both tumor and bacterial cells.
3015:
Hanford, Nicholas; Figueiro, Mariana (21 January 2013).
1699:. American Cancer Society. 14 April 2011. Archived from
2104:
Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
3199:
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology
1619:
Patrizi, A; Raone, B; Ravaioli, GM (5 October 2015).
4934:"Dora Colebrook and the evaluation of light therapy"
5540:
5485:
5434:
5385:
5340:
5331:
5283:
5189:
5169:
5121:
5063:
5054:
2770:"Therapeutics for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders"
2287:"Swedish school sheds light on dark days of winter"
576:Light therapy has been tested for individuals with
518:of the core body temperature rhythm can affect the
105:
89:
73:
56:
2768:Dodson, Ehren R.; Zee, Phyllis C (December 2010).
2469:Prasko J (November 2008). "Bright light therapy".
2227:"Light Therapy: Does It Work and Can It Help You?"
1625:Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
988:light causes progressive damage to human skin and
27:Therapy involving intentional exposure to sunlight
4808:"Engines of our Ingenuity No. 1769: NIELS FINSEN"
4779:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903"
4654:Woloshyn, Tania Anne (2017). "Consuming light".
2026:"Spare the rods and spoil the retina: revisited"
1482:Pei S, Inamadar AC, Adya KA, Tsoukas MM (2015).
922:"Light box" redirects here. For other uses, see
411:The effectiveness of light therapy for treating
47:"Light box" redirects here. For other uses, see
522:. Use upon awakening may also be effective for
502:Chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD)
904:Combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy
534:). Evening use is recommended for people with
68:Example of light therapy for winter depression
5032:
4708:(in German). Chronos Verlag. pp. 40–49.
4095:
4093:
1333:Lux measures the amount of illumination in a
1183:also worshipped the sun as a health bringing
855:photodynamic/photothermal combination therapy
8:
4917:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4611:"Light Therapy. Tests and Procedures. Risks"
3122:The Science of Phototherapy: An Introduction
755:is approved to treat eye conditions such as
550:Circadian rhythm sleep disorders and jet lag
546:are intact, may benefit from light therapy.
4660:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2541:"Light therapy for non-seasonal depression"
2418:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2414:"Light therapy for non‐seasonal depression"
1817:"What is Psoriasis: What Causes Psoriasis?"
1102:, rather than attempting to self-medicate.
992:even from small doses. This is mediated by
5337:
5060:
5039:
5025:
5017:
4870:"Sanatoria revisited: sunlight and health"
2251:
2249:
2247:
2093:
2091:
964:) to the green (525 nm) areas of the
941:. To some degree, the reverse is true for
642:, a yellow pigment normally formed in the
62:
4957:
4844:
4746:
4731:"How Finsen's light cured lupus vulgaris"
4512:
4475:
4465:
4395:"Should You Be Worried About Blue Light?"
4073:
3998:
3988:
3895:International Journal of Nursing Practice
3869:
3820:
3771:
3737:
3613:
3275:
3257:
3169:
3089:
3040:
2801:
2564:
2445:
2344:
2115:
2049:
1863:
1646:
1636:
1509:
1499:
1484:"Light-based therapies in acne treatment"
1386:
5008:Osler Library of the History of Medicine
4938:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
953:to the retina of the eye are effective.
634:Light therapy is used to treat cases of
5161:Depression in childhood and adolescence
3530:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
3487:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
3444:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
2545:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2325:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1345:
1326:
292: – are not supported by evidence.
4910:
1151:Child patients with external forms of
612:Neonatal jaundice (Postnatal Jaundice)
53:
4868:Butler, A. R; Greenhalgh, I. (2017).
3436:
3434:
3191:
3189:
1232:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
600:Sleep disorder in Alzheimer's disease
588:Sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease
347:About 1% of the human population has
7:
4634:"Practical aspects of light therapy"
4137:"One face, but two sides of a story"
1932:International Journal of Dermatology
237:. The most common treatment is with
5204:Depression (differential diagnoses)
4735:Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed
4609:Mayo Clinic Staff (20 March 2013).
4448:Danilenko KV, Samoilova EA (2007).
4102:Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
3813:10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031324
3154:"Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice"
3115:"Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice"
335:, a drug taken orally, is known as
326:radiation is known to suppress the
118:
2870:10.1016/B978-0-12-378610-4.00285-0
2371:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
2117:10.1097/01.jaa.0000442698.03223.f3
1000:damage, as well as destruction of
887:, but also less likely to promote
824:vascular endothelial growth factor
781:antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
775:PDT may also be utilized to treat
771:Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
25:
5528:Transcranial magnetic stimulation
5293:Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale
4399:American Academy of Ophthalmology
4391:American Academy of Ophthalmology
3578:Light: Science & Applications
1453:"Diagnosis and treatment of acne"
1451:Titus S, Hodge J (October 2012).
1041:American Academy of Ophthalmology
439:and experience trouble sleeping.
356:effective at the hands and legs.
163:with ultraviolet light is called
4990:
4833:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
4748:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2005.00159.x
4361:10.1097/00006982-200601000-00001
4216:10.1097/00004032-200408000-00006
3942:10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00108.x
3211:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111864
2739:10.2165/00023210-200115040-00005
2074:"Light Therapy – Topic Overview"
1944:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02032.x
1901:10.1111/j.1396-0296.2003.01642.x
1736:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04719.x
1590:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09047.x
1037:age-related macular degeneration
4789:from the original on 2016-10-22
4282:New England Journal of Medicine
1116:) or medication. Patients with
567:Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
524:non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
4785:. Nobel Media AB. 2016-11-01.
4054:Science Translational Medicine
3850:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
3021:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
2938:American Journal of Psychiatry
2590:Journal of Affective Disorders
2557:10.1002/14651858.CD004050.pub2
2430:10.1002/14651858.CD004050.pub2
2337:10.1002/14651858.CD011269.pub3
2149:Journal of Affective Disorders
2024:Sivaprasad S, Arden G (2016).
1856:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.0002
1724:British Journal of Dermatology
929:The production of the hormone
741:Palladium bacteriopheophorbide
1:
5616:Treatment of bipolar disorder
4576:Annals of Clinical Psychiatry
4259:10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00150-1
3801:Annual Review of Neuroscience
3353:Advanced Healthcare Materials
3301:Advanced Healthcare Materials
3164:(5805): 62–63. 8 April 1972.
1212:, a skin infection caused by
935:photosensitive ganglion cells
538:. Some, but not all, totally
536:advanced sleep phase disorder
5503:Dialectical behavior therapy
5498:Cognitive behavioral therapy
5318:Rating scales for depression
5006:. Digital exhibition by the
4467:10.1371/journal.pctr.0020007
4066:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000741
3405:Chemical Engineering Journal
2895:Reviews in the Neurosciences
2285:Crouch, David (2015-01-24).
2196:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92202-S
1547:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000283
1065:follicle-stimulating hormone
512:delayed sleep phase disorder
5313:Mood Disorder Questionnaire
5141:Seasonal affective disorder
4827:Loignon, Austin E. (2022).
4552:Gagarina, AK (2007-12-08).
4294:10.1056/NEJM199904293401707
4160:International Ophthalmology
3542:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101951
3499:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.009
3456:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102767
2839:10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.09.004
2098:Sanassi Lorraine A (2014).
1840:"Phototherapy for Vitiligo"
1433:. Psoriasis.org. 2014-02-14
1051:, which affects our body's
945:, which has been linked to
691:Photodynamic cancer therapy
413:seasonal affective disorder
407:Seasonal affective disorder
401:Seasonal affective disorder
366:polymorphous light eruption
145:seasonal affective disorder
5637:
5303:General Behavior Inventory
4846:10.1057/s42738-022-00092-7
4636:. American Medical Network
4556:. American Medical Network
4114:10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019
3598:10.1038/s41377-021-00628-0
2986:10.1207/s15402010bsm0101_4
2907:10.1515/revneuro-2011-0072
2786:10.1016/j.jsmc.2010.08.001
2704:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.009
2510:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.06.003
1787:10.1088/0031-9155/25/3/001
1371:10.1038/s41598-017-11362-2
1215:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
972:in melatonin suppression.
921:
901:
864:
721:non-small cell lung cancer
663:
615:
564:
508:circadian rhythm disorders
404:
303:
46:
39:
29:
5508:Electroconvulsive therapy
5131:Major depressive disorder
4877:J R Coll Physicians Edinb
4690:Medical Radiation Biology
4588:10.1080/10401230701653476
4523:10.1017/S1092852900019611
4172:10.1007/s10792-013-9791-x
3756:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.01.062
3417:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122849
3259:10.1186/s40824-018-0140-z
2974:Behavioral Sleep Medicine
2670:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.016
2637:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.013
2602:10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.008
2161:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.055
1987:10.1007/s10633-011-9305-y
1975:Documenta Ophthalmologica
1280:Blood irradiation therapy
1230:lesions. He received the
924:Lightbox (disambiguation)
725:squamous cell skin cancer
705:cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
578:shift work sleep disorder
482:. A meta-analysis by the
472:major depressive disorder
370:cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
286:blood irradiation therapy
165:ultraviolet light therapy
119:
61:
49:Lightbox (disambiguation)
5323:Young Mania Rating Scale
5298:Child Mania Rating Scale
5177:Schizoaffective disorder
5156:Major depressive episode
4950:10.1258/jrsm.2010.10k067
4932:Edwards, Martin (2011).
4702:Ingold, Niklaus (2015).
3130:10.1007/1-4020-2885-7_13
1501:10.4103/2229-5178.156379
1488:Indian Dermatol Online J
828:hypoxia inducible factor
40:Not to be confused with
5450:Atypical antipsychotics
5209:Emotional dysregulation
4632:Roger DR (2007-12-04).
4507:(8): 647–63, quiz 672.
4135:Barkham (5 June 2012).
3171:10.1136/bmj.2.5805.62-a
3033:10.3233/jad-2012-121645
2657:Al-Karawi D, Jubair L.
1300:Low level laser therapy
976:Risks and complications
815:Acinetobacter baumannii
676:reactive oxygen species
599:
587:
466:Non-seasonal depression
390:diabetic macular oedema
278:American Cancer Society
42:Low-level laser therapy
5513:Involuntary commitment
5275:Reduced affect display
5151:Melancholic depression
4889:10.4997/JRCPE.2017.314
4428:Science-based Medicine
3990:10.1186/1471-244X-5-42
3365:10.1002/adhm.202102791
3313:10.1002/adhm.202200494
3082:10.1542/peds.2008-1635
2950:10.1176/ajp.149.8.1028
2774:Sleep Medicine Clinics
2692:Sleep Medicine Reviews
2664:2016 Jul 1;198:64–71.
2471:Neuro Endocrinol. Lett
1156:
919:
796:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
713:basal cell skin cancer
648:central nervous system
631:
484:Cochrane Collaboration
396:Mood and sleep related
226:
188:
5108:Mixed affective state
4999:at Wikimedia Commons
4666:10.7765/9781526115980
3351:Skin Wound Healing".
3246:Biomaterials Research
2862:Encyclopedia of Sleep
2827:Travel Med Infect Dis
2076:. WebMD. 30 June 2009
1150:
1135:, eye irritation and
916:
894:membrane permeability
809:Klebsiella pneumoniae
792:Staphylococcus aureus
765:ocular histoplasmosis
629:
616:Further information:
506:In the management of
480:postpartum depression
360:Other skin conditions
290:colored light therapy
224:
211:vitamin D3 deficiency
201:Exposure to light to
178:
5570:Kay Redfield Jamison
5555:Frederick K. Goodwin
5375:Valproate semisodium
5265:Psychotic depression
4454:PLOS Clinical Trials
3124:. pp. 329–335.
2672:. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
2383:10.4088/JCP.v64n0605
2042:10.1038/eye.2015.254
1889:Dermatologic Therapy
1305:Photodynamic therapy
867:Photothermal therapy
861:Photothermal Therapy
851:photothermal therapy
757:macular degeneration
701:aminolevulinic acid)
666:Photodynamic therapy
660:Photodynamic therapy
520:phase response curve
386:diabetic retinopathy
294:Photodynamic therapy
197:Vitamin D deficiency
141:bright light therapy
36:Photothermal therapy
32:Photodynamic therapy
5493:Clinical psychology
5308:Hypomania Checklist
5146:Atypical depression
3748:2009BpJ....96.4581B
3726:Biophysical Journal
3691:1995SPIE.2389..789L
3640:Anticancer Research
3590:2021LSA....10..197F
1779:1980PMB....25..405D
1638:10.2147/CCID.S87987
1260:The Sunlight League
1252:John Harvey Kellogg
1236:Scientific evidence
1193:Buddhist literature
1061:luteinizing hormone
1039:. According to the
885:mechanism of action
777:multidrug-resistant
606:Alzheimer's disease
594:Parkinson's disease
192:Nutrient deficiency
5486:Non-pharmaceutical
3862:10.1111/acps.12424
2864:. pp. 74–80.
2477:(Suppl 1): 33–64.
1675:skinsuperclear.com
1359:Scientific Reports
1295:Free-running sleep
1157:
920:
737:Motexafin lutetium
685:photoimmunotherapy
632:
380:Retinal conditions
306:Goeckerman therapy
284:, and ultraviolet
265:balneophototherapy
227:
189:
185:hyperbilirubinemia
5583:
5582:
5536:
5535:
5460:Lithium carbonate
5406:Dextroamphetamine
5224:Suicidal ideation
5185:
5184:
5012:McGill University
4995:Media related to
4715:978-3-0340-1276-8
4675:978-1-5261-1598-0
4422:(December 2020).
4334:978-92-79-16046-2
4139:. Theguardian.com
3907:10.1111/ijn.12307
3732:(11): 4581–4591.
3699:10.1117/12.210021
3685:. SPIE: 789–797.
3139:978-1-4020-2883-0
2879:978-0-12-378611-1
2267:(SBU). 2007-06-13
2190:(8717): 703–706.
1819:. 29 January 2012
1106:Contraindications
1029:Optical radiation
878:indocyanine green
717:esophageal cancer
709:Barrett esophagus
699:(blue light with
697:actinic keratosis
636:neonatal jaundice
618:Neonatal jaundice
488:systematic review
444:systematic review
276:According to the
261:atopic dermatitis
255:Atopic dermatitis
231:ultraviolet light
130:
129:
16:(Redirected from
5628:
5606:Circadian rhythm
5475:Lithium toxicity
5437:mood stabilizers
5387:Sympathomimetics
5370:Sodium valproate
5338:
5065:Bipolar disorder
5061:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5018:
4994:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4961:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4908:
4874:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4848:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4750:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4699:
4693:
4692:Springfield 1957
4686:
4680:
4679:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4516:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4479:
4469:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4002:
3992:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3741:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3261:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3173:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3076:(5): 1352–1359.
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2944:(8): 1028–1032.
2933:
2927:
2926:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2687:
2681:
2662:J Affect Disord.
2655:
2649:
2648:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2253:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2119:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1844:JAMA Dermatology
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1584:(6): 1273–1285.
1573:
1567:
1566:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1457:Am Fam Physician
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1350:
1338:
1331:
1181:Germanic peoples
1088:depressive state
1079:photosensitizing
1053:circadian rhythm
1008:in the skin and
966:visible spectrum
840:peri-implantitis
836:photosensitizers
786:Escherichia coli
672:photosensitizers
572:Situational CRSD
562:
561:
557:
476:bipolar disorder
433:circadian rhythm
318:mediated by the
181:newborn jaundice
149:circadian rhythm
123:edit on Wikidata
115:
66:
54:
21:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5611:Acne treatments
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5532:
5481:
5470:Lithium sulfate
5465:Lithium citrate
5430:
5421:Methylphenidate
5390:
5381:
5342:Anticonvulsants
5327:
5279:
5270:Racing thoughts
5181:
5165:
5117:
5050:
5045:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4909:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4792:
4790:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4514:10.1.1.527.6947
4498:
4497:
4493:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4024:
4023:
4019:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3359:(12): 2102791.
3349:
3348:
3344:
3307:(16): 2200494.
3298:
3297:
3293:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2656:
2652:
2625:J Affect Disord
2622:
2621:
2617:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2551:(2): CD004050.
2538:
2537:
2533:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2424:(2): CD004050.
2411:
2410:
2406:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2331:(4): CD011269.
2317:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2225:Doyle, Ashley.
2224:
2223:
2219:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2023:
2022:
2018:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1767:Phys. Med. Biol
1764:
1763:
1759:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1697:"Light Therapy"
1695:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1677:. 22 March 2023
1669:
1668:
1664:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1578:Br. J. Dermatol
1575:
1574:
1570:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1276:
1248:Auguste Rollier
1224:reactive oxygen
1145:
1114:St. John's wort
1075:sleep disorders
1026:
983:
978:
927:
911:
906:
889:drug resistance
869:
863:
832:drug resistance
773:
693:
668:
662:
657:
624:
614:
602:
590:
574:
569:
563:
559:
555:
553:
552:
532:dawn simulation
504:
468:
422:antidepressants
409:
403:
398:
382:
362:
345:
308:
302:
274:
257:
248:
219:
217:Skin conditions
199:
194:
173:
126:
111:
69:
52:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5634:
5632:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Emil Kraepelin
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5452:
5447:
5445:Antipsychotics
5441:
5439:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5242:Sleep disorder
5238:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4987:
4986:External links
4984:
4981:
4980:
4924:
4860:
4819:
4799:
4783:Nobelprize.org
4770:
4721:
4714:
4694:
4681:
4674:
4646:
4624:
4601:
4582:(4): 239–246.
4566:
4544:
4491:
4440:
4411:
4382:
4339:
4333:
4307:
4288:(17): 1341–8.
4272:
4253:(1–2): 21–39.
4237:
4204:Health Physics
4193:
4166:(2): 383–400.
4150:
4127:
4108:(3): 298–308.
4089:
4040:
4031:Sleep Research
4017:
3977:Sleep Research
3963:
3920:
3901:(5): 653–659.
3885:
3856:(5): 379–388.
3836:
3807:(1): 539–556.
3787:
3712:
3665:
3646:(3): 915–921.
3629:
3563:
3520:
3477:
3430:
3394:
3342:
3291:
3232:
3185:
3145:
3138:
3105:
3056:
3027:(4): 913–922.
3007:
2963:
2928:
2901:(2): 199–226.
2885:
2878:
2852:
2817:
2780:(4): 701–715.
2760:
2733:(4): 311–328.
2717:
2682:
2650:
2615:
2596:(1–2): 11–23.
2580:
2531:
2504:(6): 497–507.
2488:
2461:
2404:
2377:(6): 648–653.
2360:
2310:
2277:
2243:
2217:
2174:
2139:
2087:
2065:
2036:(2): 189–192.
2016:
1965:
1938:(8): 555–561.
1922:
1895:(4): 303–310.
1879:
1850:(7): 666–674.
1830:
1808:
1773:(3): 405–426.
1757:
1730:(4): 552–567.
1713:
1688:
1662:
1611:
1568:
1541:(3): 307–320.
1525:
1494:(3): 145–157.
1474:
1463:(8): 734–740.
1443:
1422:
1402:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1268:Dora Colebrook
1210:lupus vulgaris
1161:Ancient Greece
1144:
1141:
1033:photokeratitis
1025:
1022:
994:genetic damage
982:
979:
977:
974:
947:mood disorders
910:
907:
865:Main article:
862:
859:
772:
769:
692:
689:
664:Main article:
661:
658:
656:
653:
613:
610:
601:
598:
589:
586:
573:
570:
565:Main article:
551:
548:
503:
500:
493:methodological
467:
464:
405:Main article:
402:
399:
397:
394:
381:
378:
361:
358:
344:
341:
301:
298:
273:
270:
256:
253:
247:
244:
218:
215:
198:
195:
193:
190:
172:
169:
135:, also called
128:
127:
120:
117:
116:
109:
103:
102:
93:
87:
86:
77:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5633:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Light therapy
5594:
5593:
5591:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Karl Leonhard
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Psychotherapy
5521:
5519:
5518:Light therapy
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:Oxcarbazepine
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Carbamazepine
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5231:Hallucination
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:Comorbidities
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5113:Rapid cycling
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5048:Mood disorder
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4985:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4883:(3): 276–80.
4882:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4820:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4741:(3): 118–24.
4740:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4647:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4613:. Mayo Clinic
4612:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4567:
4555:
4548:
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4506:
4502:
4495:
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4487:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4441:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4420:Hall, Harriet
4415:
4412:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
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4350:
4343:
4340:
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4330:
4326:
4325:10.2767/74218
4322:
4318:
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4299:
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4291:
4287:
4283:
4276:
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4233:
4229:
4225:
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4217:
4213:
4210:(2): 171–86.
4209:
4205:
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4085:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4060:(31): 31–33.
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
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4036:
4032:
4028:
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4014:
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3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
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3967:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:(2): 140–44.
3935:
3931:
3930:J. Pineal Res
3924:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
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3867:
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3859:
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2503:
2499:
2498:Sleep Med Rev
2492:
2489:
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2465:
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2443:
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2338:
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2281:
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2266:
2262:
2258:
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2248:
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2178:
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2166:
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2118:
2113:
2109:
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2101:
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2092:
2088:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
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1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1818:
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1804:
1800:
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1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
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1772:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
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1733:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1714:
1703:on 2015-02-12
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
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1622:
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1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
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1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:Dermatol Surg
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
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1493:
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1475:
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1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Chromotherapy
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:Caleb Saleeby
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
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1216:
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1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
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1166:
1165:Ancient Egypt
1162:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
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1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:phototoxicity
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
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1038:
1034:
1030:
1024:Visible light
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
975:
973:
971:
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936:
932:
925:
915:
908:
905:
900:
897:
895:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
874:near-infrared
868:
860:
858:
856:
852:
847:
845:
844:periodontitis
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
804:
803:Mycobacterium
799:
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702:
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611:
609:
607:
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595:
585:
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571:
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547:
545:
542:people whose
541:
537:
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521:
517:
513:
509:
501:
499:
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494:
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434:
430:
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423:
418:
414:
408:
400:
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393:
391:
387:
379:
377:
375:
374:lichen planus
371:
367:
359:
357:
354:
350:
342:
340:
338:
334:
329:
328:immune system
325:
321:
320:immune system
317:
313:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
271:
269:
266:
262:
254:
252:
246:Acne vulgaris
245:
243:
240:
236:
232:
223:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
196:
191:
186:
182:
177:
170:
168:
166:
162:
158:
157:acne vulgaris
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:Light therapy
124:
114:
110:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
76:
72:
65:
60:
57:Light therapy
55:
50:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5575:Mogens Schou
5517:
5411:Escitalopram
5240:
4997:Phototherapy
4989:
4971:. Retrieved
4941:
4937:
4927:
4913:cite journal
4880:
4876:
4863:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4811:. Retrieved
4802:
4791:. Retrieved
4782:
4773:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4688:F. Ellinger
4684:
4656:
4649:
4638:. Retrieved
4627:
4615:. Retrieved
4604:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4558:. Retrieved
4547:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4431:. Retrieved
4427:
4424:"Blue light"
4414:
4402:. Retrieved
4398:
4385:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4316:
4310:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4141:. Retrieved
4130:
4105:
4101:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4037:(7): 645–52.
4034:
4030:
4020:
4012:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3729:
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3715:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3581:
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3566:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3447:
3443:
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3397:
3356:
3352:
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3294:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3202:
3198:
3161:
3157:
3148:
3121:
3108:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3024:
3020:
3010:
2980:(1): 22–36.
2977:
2973:
2966:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2861:
2855:
2833:(2): 69–81.
2830:
2826:
2820:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2698:(1): 47–60.
2695:
2691:
2685:
2661:
2653:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2328:
2324:
2313:
2302:. Retrieved
2291:The Guardian
2290:
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2260:
2234:. Retrieved
2231:Savvysleeper
2230:
2220:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2110:(2): 18–22.
2107:
2103:
2078:. Retrieved
2068:
2033:
2029:
2019:
1981:(1): 15–26.
1978:
1974:
1968:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1811:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1435:. Retrieved
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1405:
1365:(1): 11489.
1362:
1358:
1348:
1335:square meter
1329:
1264:
1244:tuberculosis
1213:
1206:Niels Finsen
1197:
1169:Ancient Rome
1158:
1153:tuberculosis
1130:
1122:methotrexate
1104:
1096:side effects
1072:
1045:Harriet Hall
1027:
1010:free radical
984:
955:
951:illumination
928:
898:
882:
870:
848:
813:
807:
801:
790:
784:
774:
694:
669:
633:
603:
591:
575:
527:
505:
497:
469:
459:
453:
441:
426:
410:
383:
363:
346:
316:inflammation
309:
275:
258:
249:
228:
200:
171:Medical uses
140:
137:phototherapy
136:
132:
131:
18:Heliotherapy
5621:Neonatology
5394:and similar
5355:Lamotrigine
5248:Hypersomnia
5088:Bipolar NOS
5083:Cyclothymia
4973:12 February
4839:: 103–128.
4433:29 December
4404:29 December
3493:: 433–439.
1631:: 511–520.
1310:Sun tanning
1290:Crib A'Glow
1254:. In 1924,
1240:antibiotics
1126:chloroquine
1084:manic state
1018:skin cancer
986:Ultraviolet
981:Ultraviolet
909:Light boxes
826:(VEGF) and
753:Verteporfin
530:awakening (
324:Ultraviolet
282:skin cancer
235:tanning bed
5590:Categories
5426:Sertraline
5416:Fluoxetine
5236:Mood swing
5123:Depression
5078:Bipolar II
4813:2014-04-05
4793:2016-11-01
4640:2009-06-09
4617:7 February
4560:2009-06-09
4501:CNS Spectr
4355:(1): 1–4.
4247:Toxicology
3584:(1): 197.
3536:: 101951.
3450:: 102767.
3411:: 122849.
3205:: 111864.
3070:Pediatrics
2304:2017-06-07
2271:2017-06-07
2261:www.sbu.se
2032:(Review).
2030:Eye (Lond)
1707:2013-09-08
1437:2014-02-18
1416:2022-06-01
1321:References
1315:UV-B lamps
1179:and early
1094:and other
1090:, causing
1059:, such as
902:See also:
749:Talaporfin
733:Temoporfin
655:Techniques
622:Bili light
460:prevention
304:See also:
239:narrowband
207:vitamin D3
203:UV-B light
75:ICD-10-PCS
30:See also:
5601:Psoriasis
5560:John Cade
5401:Bupropion
5365:Valproate
5333:Treatment
5285:Diagnosis
5260:Psychosis
5219:Dysphoria
5214:Anhedonia
5136:Dysthymia
5098:Hypomania
5093:Childhood
5073:Bipolar I
4855:246636998
4509:CiteSeerX
4460:(2): e7.
4143:7 October
3764:0006-3495
3739:0807.4825
3652:1791-7530
3606:2047-7538
3558:221221714
3515:197663815
3472:246926124
3425:203938686
3389:246974402
3373:2192-2640
3337:250021788
3321:2192-2640
3268:1226-4601
3227:214794593
2794:1556-407X
2727:CNS Drugs
2438:1469-493X
2299:0261-3077
2155:: 87–89.
1995:0012-4486
1803:250744277
1379:2045-2322
1234:in 1903.
1203:physician
1118:porphyria
1100:clinician
1069:estradiol
1049:melatonin
1014:cataracts
1006:vitamin C
1002:vitamin A
943:serotonin
931:melatonin
729:Photofrin
640:Bilirubin
312:psoriasis
300:Psoriasis
209:to treat
153:psoriasis
5253:Insomnia
5199:Delusion
5191:Symptoms
5056:Spectrum
4968:21282799
4897:29465107
4787:Archived
4765:23272350
4757:15888127
4596:18058281
4539:27002316
4531:16041296
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