38:
810:. After the election, the appropriate State or local election entity will determine if the voter was eligible, if so counting the vote and notify the voter of the outcome. Approximately 1.9 million voters nationwide cast provisional ballots in the 2004 election. Of those, approximately 1.2 million—or 64.5%—were counted. Additionally, any time polling hours are extended voters are required to vote using provisional ballots. Further, voters who do not comply with HAVA's voter identification requirements are able to cast a provisional ballot.
759:
participation (including privacy and independence) as for other voters; and providing individuals with disabilities and others with information about the accessibility of polling places, including outreach programs to inform the individuals about the availability of accessible polling places and training election officials, poll workers, and election volunteers on how best to promote the access and participation of individuals with disabilities in elections for
Federal office.
990:
reported still using punched card voting systems in the 2006 election (down from 566 in 2000); similarly, lever machines had decreased from 434 counties in 2000 to 119 in 2006, with New York state accounting for more than half the total number of counties still using lever machines. In 2006, 69 million voters used optical scan voting machines, while another 66 million used DRE voting machines, while 11 million were offered multiple options as part of a mixed system.
1105:
1119:
1093:
electoral reforms, while partisanship and the interaction of partisanship and minority representation influenced the adoption of others. Fiscal constraints and institutional arrangements had less impact on reform adoption. Overall, our findings suggest that electoral reforms were shaped more by political factors than by fiscal concerns or any objective need for reform."
826:. The EAC is responsible for holding hearings, functioning as a clearinghouse for election administration information, creating a testing and certification program for voting systems, providing voluntary guidance to states, and administering HAVA grant programs. The EAC has no rulemaking authority other than that permitted by the
1066:
ID as a "poll tax" on citizens who would be required to purchase a photo ID if they did not already have one. The legislated offers some alternatives to photo ID such as utility bill or government assistance letter, but the ACLU says some classes of persons, like battered women, may not have access to these documents.
1053:
security". The court ruled that voters have a right under the commonwealth's constitution to reliable and secure voting systems and can challenge the use of electronic voting machines "that provide no way for
Electors to know whether their votes will be recognized" through voter verification or independent audit.
776:
HAVA requires states develop a single, uniform, official, centralized, interactive computerized statewide voter registration list defined, maintained, and administered at the State level. (Previously, voter registration lists could be maintained solely by local officials.) HAVA requires the statewide
736:
To be eligible for federal funding, states must submit a plan describing how payments will be used and distributed, provisions for voter education and poll worker training, how to adopt voting system guidelines, performance measures to determine success (including goals, timetables, responsibilities,
1065:
was critical of the "highly complicated new identification requirements". They said the requirement for the voter's driver license number or the last four digits of the social security number was an invasion of privacy and could increase identity theft. The ACLU described the requirement for a photo
1092:
According to a study of the HAVA-based reforms, the states differed along partisan lines in introducing improvements: "he partisan make-up of state government frequently influenced the fate of these reforms. States with a divided government or high party competition tended not to adopt several key
1083:
Critics also state that the bill contains some elements that complicate the voter registration process. For example, Section 303(a)(5) of HAVA provides that no state may accept or process a voter registration form for an election for
Federal office unless the application includes "in the case of an
1074:
The bill has also come under fire for the fact that the majority of the billions of dollars allocated to the states for HAVA has been for increased access for disabled voters, while the main goal of HAVA, avoiding the problems that plagued the 2000 elections in
Florida, may have not been adequately
767:
HAVA requires each polling location have at least one voting system accessible to individuals with disabilities, including nonvisual accessibility for the blind and visually impaired, in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and participation (including privacy and independence) as
980:
Some electronic voting machines sold through 2005, including those by
Diebold Election Systems, did not meet the requirements of HAVA and were not required to be in compliance until January 1, 2006. Concerns were raised that as late as 2005, vendors were selling non-compliant machines to unwitting
758:
is authorized to make payments to state and local governments for making polling places‒including path of travel, entrances, exits, and voting areas‒accessible to individuals with disabilities, including the blind and visually impaired, in a manner that provides the same opportunity for access and
722:
HAVA mandates that all states and localities upgrade many aspects of their election procedures, including their voting machines, registration processes and poll worker training. The specifics of implementation have been left up to each state, which allows for varying interpretations of the federal
891:
provide the voter with the opportunity (in a private and independent manner) to change the ballot or correct any error before the ballot is cast and counted (including the opportunity to correct the error through the issuance of a replacement ballot if the voter was otherwise unable to change the
989:
Compliance with HAVA provisions and timelines was not met in every state, both because of the difficulty of identifying and certifying reliable HAVA compliant voting machines and due to political and bureaucratic delays. A February 2006 report from
Election Data Services found that 124 counties
1052:
A Pennsylvania court ruled in April 2007 that voting machine certification was the result of what Judge
Rochelle Friedman called "deficient examination criteria" which "do not approximate those that are customary in the information technology industry for systems that require a high level of
838:
The
Election Assistance Commission includes four commissioners (2 Democrats and 2 Republicans) appointed by the President and subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. Commissioners are recommended by House and Senate leadership. HAVA requires all commissioners have experience with or
48:
An Act to establish a program to provide funds to States to replace punch card voting systems, to establish the
Election Assistance Commission to assist in the administration of federal elections and to otherwise provide assistance with the administration of certain federal election laws and
789:
HAVA requires that first-time voters who registered by mail, and have not previously voted in a federal election in the State, to present a form of identification to the appropriate State or local election official before or on election day. The ID may be either a current and valid photo
1084:
applicant who has been issued a current and valid driver's license, the applicant's driver's license number". Critics contend that it costs the country millions of dollars just to process the same basic registration form and confirm that they meet the HAVA requirements.
951:
The EAC is responsible for making grants to entities in carrying out research and development to improve the quality, reliability, accuracy, accessibility, affordability, and security of voting equipment, election systems, and voting technology. HAVA requires the
2973:
2087:
794:, government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows the name and address of the voter. Voters who submitted any of these forms of identification during registration are exempt, as are voters entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the
3829:
2966:
3362:
740:
Each year the state receives federal funding they must submit a report to the EAC detailing a list of expenditures, the number of and types of voting equipment obtained with the funds, and an analysis and description of the activities funded.
798:. The ID requirement applies to in person and vote by mail voters. In the case of a vote by mail voter, a copy of the ID must be submitted with the ballot. A State may enact further ID requirements which aren't specified under HAVA.
981:
states and counties who believed that they were HAVA-compliant. Unless vendors offered a specific guarantee of HAVA compliance, equipment may have required scrapping or retrofitting at taxpayers' expense after
January 1, 2006.
1036:
Criticisms of HAVA center around mandated changes in voting technology, voter identification, confusion and voter intimidation, misappropriation of federal funds, and unnecessarily complicating the voter registration process.
918:
HAVA further requires that any required notification preserve the privacy of the voter and the secrecy of the ballot; and that alternative-language accessibility be available pursuant to the requirements of section 203 of the
777:
list be coordinated with other agency databases within the state. HAVA also requires regular "maintenance" of the statewide list including removing ineligible voters and duplicate names are eliminated in accordance with the
3228:
855:
Not later than January 31 of each year, the EAC is required to submit an annual report to Congress detailing activities related to HAVA programs including grants or other payments and all votes taken by commissioners.
3495:
2864:
2121:
3946:
2856:
2353:
231:
3640:
2959:
1044:, Lloyd J. Leonard, expressed doubts about the bill. He claimed that the bill could disenfranchise voters by purging them from the rolls and by establishing confusing new identification requirements.
3893:
3557:
227:
1002:, a national nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that works to promote voter participation in American elections to enable it to carry out voter education activities for students and their parents.
3923:
2343:
1916:
3031:
49:
programs, to establish minimum election administration standards for States and units of local government with responsibility for the administration of federal elections, and for other purposes.
3879:
239:
2699:
3674:
3541:
2060:
2000:
1162:
3596:
2094:
2005:
1995:
1745:
2564:
1985:
4011:
3900:
3843:
3527:
3177:
2591:
1990:
1963:
3681:
1980:
356:
333:
314:
219:
3651:
3355:
3304:
3293:
2379:
1132:
1018:
to implement measures to ensure that a postmark or other official proof of mailing date is provided on each absentee ballot collected at any overseas location or vessel at sea;
823:
755:
605:
4016:
2943:
2308:
2099:
795:
3052:
2736:
931:
HAVA requires all voting systems be auditable and produce a permanent paper record with a manual audit capacity available as an official record for any recount conducted.
4001:
3110:
2771:
1958:
3066:
3059:
3003:
1442:
3446:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2433:
2166:
1909:
3024:
998:
HAVA establishes three programs for students, one to recruit college students as pollworkers, one to recruit high school students, and one to provide grants for the
3214:
2708:
1253:
235:
3038:
3010:
3778:
3748:
3397:
2815:
2369:
2298:
2232:
953:
223:
2982:
806:
HAVA requires voters identified as ineligible (such as voters not found on the registered list), but who believe themselves to be eligible, to be able to cast a
3439:
3170:
2374:
1951:
1946:
1941:
3425:
3103:
3073:
3017:
1186:
3806:
3785:
3718:
3184:
3045:
1848:
1692:
3732:
3633:
3341:
2801:
2471:
2109:
2082:
1902:
1041:
3771:
3313:
2584:
2333:
276:
911:
establish a voter education program, specific to that voting system, that notifies each voter of the effect of casting multiple votes for an office; and
3861:
3725:
3348:
2780:
2643:
2622:
2609:
2511:
2303:
3249:
3126:
888:
permit the voter to verify (in a private and independent manner) the votes selected by the voter on the ballot before the ballot is cast and counted;
2822:
2293:
2055:
1233:
690:
309:
1268:
3953:
3930:
3690:
2838:
2743:
2715:
2186:
2116:
1718:
827:
778:
693:, when almost two million ballots were disqualified because they registered multiple votes or no votes when run through vote-counting machines.
3850:
3603:
3460:
2829:
2757:
2750:
2237:
678:
636:
2808:
1755:
3822:
3390:
3149:
2764:
2636:
2577:
2559:
2501:
2454:
999:
3198:
2629:
2404:
2399:
2348:
2207:
1780:
1412:
1229:
3612:
3411:
3089:
2428:
2318:
2258:
2023:
1819:
1500:
590:
3221:
1151:
3764:
3660:
2722:
2171:
1925:
1015:
940:
297:
166:
155:
142:
136:
3548:
3334:
2794:
2104:
1663:
1543:
899:(votes for more than the maximum number of selections allowed in a contest) and provide the voter a chance to correct these errors.
3383:
2459:
600:
567:
436:
328:
205:
1021:
the secretary of each military department to ensure that all military and their families have easy access to voting information;
3937:
3755:
3697:
3619:
3082:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2729:
2496:
2222:
1973:
117:
109:
3909:
3792:
3626:
3589:
3511:
3418:
3327:
3242:
2491:
2263:
2131:
1815:
1450:
819:
708:
1169:
536:
3813:
3704:
3432:
2516:
2323:
572:
1865:
1849:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228694230_Politics_Race_and_American_State_Electoral_Reforms_after_Election_2000
4006:
3520:
3474:
3272:
3117:
2787:
2600:
1225:
376:
347:
79:
3488:
3279:
2879:
2423:
2328:
1191:
3978:
3969:
3916:
3467:
2288:
2253:
1634:
1610:
1586:
1562:
1416:
1386:
1329:
1302:
1275:
1204:
654:
629:
421:
3872:
3711:
3580:
2389:
2077:
1696:
1688:
674:
416:
1843:
Valentina Bali and Brian D. Silver, "Politics, Race, and American State Electoral Reforms after Election 2000,"
1471:
37:
3573:
3286:
2072:
2067:
2050:
3886:
2033:
1968:
715:
689:
on October 29, 2002. The bill was drafted (at least in part) in reaction to the controversy surrounding the
3836:
3376:
2464:
2038:
1646:
1622:
1598:
1574:
1501:"69 Million Voters will use Optical Scan Ballots in 2006; 66 Million Voters will use Electronic Equipment"
1398:
1341:
1314:
666:
737:
and criteria), administrative complaint procedures, and the committee who helped develop the state plan.
3265:
3258:
1811:
1785:
1722:
1279:
622:
610:
515:
510:
360:
337:
318:
102:
3163:
3140:
3133:
1880:
The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA): Overview and Ongoing Role in Election Administration Policy
1110:
682:
441:
1776:
964:
Responses to these requirements varied by state, but a widespread effect has been the purchasing of
1010:
HAVA mandates changes improving the access of military and overseas citizens, including requiring:
1643:
1619:
1595:
1571:
1395:
1338:
1311:
663:
3799:
3096:
2996:
2536:
2412:
2212:
2176:
969:
807:
505:
426:
406:
149:
1874:- ID requirements for states that comply with HAVA, and states that have stricter ID standards.
914:
provide the voter with instructions on how to correct the ballot before it is cast and counted.
197:
3534:
3156:
2989:
2268:
1790:
1420:
1247:
1196:
965:
920:
904:
520:
411:
1507:
1372:
1355:
17:
2506:
2476:
2394:
2043:
2028:
1367:
182:
2569:
3564:
3369:
2191:
2181:
2156:
1173:
1124:
701:
546:
541:
396:
352:
1532:
1027:
each state to inform overseas voters of why any application for registration is rejected.
1024:
each state to designate a single office for providing information to overseas voters; and
159:
1871:
3739:
2418:
2384:
2338:
2313:
1879:
881:
869:
865:
847:
Staff of the EAC will consist of at least an executive director and a general counsel.
791:
686:
471:
457:
431:
321:
286:
1118:
830:(NVRA). Any action taken by the EAC requires approval of at least three commissioners
3995:
3667:
3207:
2952:
2554:
2526:
2521:
2449:
2217:
1894:
485:
340:
3191:
2872:
2486:
2227:
2161:
1823:
1750:
401:
174:
170:
1166:
1719:"Letter to Congress on Conference Report on H.R. 3295, the Help America Vote Act"
1693:"Court Recognizes Pennsylvania Voters' Right to Reliable, Secure Voting Machines"
3481:
3453:
3404:
3320:
1659:
268:
248:
1100:
551:
201:
1200:
480:
1868:
provides links regarding HAVA implementation and electronic voting systems.
972:. There are criticisms of the reliability and security of these machines.
3235:
2531:
2481:
1479:
896:
466:
121:
54:
2541:
872:
with new systems in accordance with HAVA's voting system standards.
2122:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
3947:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
578:
1533:"CRS Report for Congress: Elections Reform: Overview and Issues"
1062:
839:
expertise in election administration or the study of elections.
583:
209:
3641:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
2573:
1898:
3894:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
1478:. North Carolina Coalition for Verified Voting. Archived from
1506:. Election Data Services. February 6, 2006. Archived from
1443:"Diebold Touch Screens Don't Meet Disability Requirements"
1413:"Diebold Touch Screens Don't Meet Disability Requirements"
3675:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
1163:
United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
711:
to assist in the administration of federal elections; and
2095:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
1816:"Letter to Mary Kiffmeyer, Minnesota Secretary of State"
1717:
Murphy, Laura W.; Warren, Lashawn Y. (October 9, 2002).
1664:"House and Senate Negotiators Agree on an Election Bill"
1531:
Coleman, Kevin J.; Eric A. Fischer (January 21, 2004).
3844:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
3597:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
3528:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
3682:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
939:
HAVA tasks the EAC with creating and maintaining the
3294:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
1133:
List of electronic voting machines in New York state
790:
identification or a copy of a current utility bill,
606:
Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment
3860:
3650:
3303:
2942:
2848:
2608:
2442:
2362:
2281:
2246:
2200:
2149:
2142:
2100:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
2014:
1932:
796:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
296:
180:
148:
132:
127:
108:
98:
93:
85:
74:
66:
53:
44:
1635:
1611:
1587:
1563:
1387:
1330:
1303:
824:independent agency of the United States government
655:
3447:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
2865:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
2061:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
1230:"Help America Vote Act of 2002 (Pub.L. 107-252)"
1325:
1323:
864:HAVA requires states to use funding to replace
3779:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
3749:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
976:Continued purchasing of non-compliant machines
954:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4012:History of voting rights in the United States
2585:
2375:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
1910:
907:to assist voters with detecting errors must:
630:
8:
3807:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
3786:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
3719:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
1789:. Verified Voting Foundation. Archived from
1472:"Why Can't We Keep Our Old Voting Machines?"
30:
3733:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
3356:Government response to September 11 attacks
3342:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
2472:Democratic backsliding in the United States
2110:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act
1252:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1042:League of Women Voters of the United States
137:42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare
4017:United States federal election legislation
3772:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
3314:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
2614:
2592:
2578:
2570:
2146:
1917:
1903:
1895:
1847:5 (Spring 2006): 21-48. Text available at
1721:. Letter to U. S. Congress. Archived from
1689:Drinker Biddle & Reath (press release)
1187:"Are Electronic Voting Machines Reliable?"
637:
623:
371:
261:Reported by the joint conference committee
257:on April 11, 2002 (unanimous consent)
3726:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
3349:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
2983:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1371:
1269:"Are HAVA's Provisional Ballots Working?"
1000:National Student and Parent Mock Election
772:Computerized statewide voter registration
4002:Acts of the 107th United States Congress
2563:) is being considered for deletion. See
1882:(Report). Congressional Research Service
1373:10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053007.145205
1048:Criticisms of electronic voting machines
310:Crawford v. Marion County Election Board
3954:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
3691:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
2716:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
2117:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
2073:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
1144:
960:Implementation timelines and challenges
956:annually recommend areas for research.
828:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
779:National Voter Registration Act of 1993
559:
528:
497:
449:
388:
383:
3851:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
3461:Secondary Security Screening Selection
2354:United States Virgin Islands residents
1746:"States struggle with election reform"
1245:
1088:Partisan differences in implementation
1006:Military members and overseas citizens
756:Secretary of Health and Human Services
29:
3391:National Construction Safety Team Act
3150:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
880:HAVA sets forth requirements for all
685:and was signed into law by President
7:
3924:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
3823:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
3440:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1947:House Electors Qualifications Clause
1185:Lovgren, Stefan (November 1, 2004).
3613:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
3090:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
1845:State Politics and Policy Quarterly
1744:Tanner, Robert (February 8, 2005).
1267:Weiser, Wendy R. (March 29, 2006).
591:End-to-end auditable voting systems
3765:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
3661:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
3032:Dominican Republic–Central America
2344:Northern Mariana Islands residents
1926:Voting rights in the United States
1640:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1616:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1592:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1568:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1449:. Internet Archive. Archived from
1392:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1360:Annual Review of Political Science
1335:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1308:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
941:Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
935:Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
700:replace punchcard and lever-based
660:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
271:, via Clerk.House.gov) and by the
247:on December 12, 2001 (362-63
25:
3335:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
2567:to help reach a consensus. ›
2105:Federal Voting Assistance Program
1878:Shanton, Karen L. (May 8, 2023).
1447:Daytona Beach News-Journal Online
1167:The Help America Vote Act of 2002
892:ballot or correct any error); and
267:on October 10, 2002 (357-48
3542:Criticism of government response
3521:Higher Education Opportunity Act
3412:President's Surveillance Program
2512:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S.
2429:Women's poll tax repeal movement
1441:Pynchon, Susan (June 28, 2005).
1411:Pynchon, Susan (June 28, 2005).
1117:
1103:
1040:The legislative director of the
601:Independent verification systems
568:Certification of voting machines
437:Voter-verified paper audit trail
329:Brunner v. Ohio Republican Party
36:
3938:Renewable Identification Number
3756:Forest Land Enhancement Program
3698:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
3620:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
3398:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
2056:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
1974:Privileges or Immunities Clause
1234:U.S. Government Printing Office
1079:Complicating voter registration
691:2000 U.S. presidential election
537:Election Systems & Software
275:on October 16, 2002 (92-2
240:Senate Rules and Administration
143:52 U.S.C.: Voting and Elections
3910:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
3830:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
3793:Pension Protection Act of 2006
3627:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
3590:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
3512:Election Assistance Commission
3419:Terrorist Surveillance Program
3328:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
2823:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
2334:District of Columbia residents
2264:Multiple non-transferable vote
2187:Voter registration in the U.S.
2132:Election Assistance Commission
1952:Congressional Elections Clause
1152:Congressional Record of Action
820:Election Assistance Commission
814:Election Assistance Commission
709:Election Assistance Commission
1:
3814:Troubled Asset Relief Program
3705:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
3433:Homeland Security Act of 2002
2517:National Voting Rights Museum
2127:Help America Vote Act of 2002
1781:"Blind Voters Rip E-Machines"
994:Establishing student programs
651:Help America Vote Act of 2002
573:Independent Testing Authority
70:Help America Vote Act of 2002
31:Help America Vote Act of 2002
18:Help America Vote Act of 2002
3475:Terrorist Screening Database
3426:NSA warrantless surveillance
3273:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
3118:Vision for Space Exploration
2830:State funeral of Gerald Ford
2601:Presidency of George W. Bush
2560:Presidency of George W. Bush
2380:Timeline of women's suffrage
1695:. PRNewswire. Archived from
348:Husted v. Randolph Institute
80:107th United States Congress
3496:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
3489:Protect America Act of 2007
3280:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
2434:History of direct democracy
2424:Selma to Montgomery marches
2167:Initiatives and referendums
866:punched card voting systems
298:United States Supreme Court
4033:
3917:Healthy Forests Initiative
3558:Medicare Modernization Act
3468:Terrorist Screening Center
3363:Rescue and recovery effort
3199:August 2001 daily briefing
2816:Presidential proclamations
2254:First-past-the-post voting
2024:U.S. Department of Justice
1820:U.S. Department of Justice
1417:Verified Voting Foundation
1276:Brennan Center for Justice
1165:Voting Section Home Page,
696:The goals of HAVA are to:
422:Optical scan voting system
3963:
3873:Clean Boating Act of 2008
3712:Energy Policy Act of 2005
3581:Highly qualified teachers
2997:Trade promotion authority
2857:Joint session of Congress
2617:
2390:Woman Suffrage Procession
2078:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1354:Stewart, Charles (2011).
1070:Misappropriation of funds
675:United States federal law
417:Electronic voting machine
304:
189:
35:
3970:← Clinton administration
3574:No Child Left Behind Act
3287:Secure Fence Act of 2006
2744:Supreme Court candidates
2709:Legislation and programs
2565:templates for discussion
2329:American Samoa residents
2068:Civil Rights Act of 1960
2051:Civil Rights Act of 1957
1544:U.S. Department of State
947:Research and development
876:Voting systems standards
732:State plan and reporting
3931:Renewable Fuel Standard
3185:Pre-attack intelligence
2034:Enforcement Act of 1870
1969:Equal Protection Clause
1866:Disability Vote Project
903:States that do not use
884:, including that they:
716:election administration
681:357-48 and 92–2 in the
232:House Government Reform
216:Committee consideration
3979:Obama administration →
3887:Clear Skies Initiative
2039:Second Enforcement Act
1812:von Spakovsky, Hans A.
265:agreed to by the House
251:, via Clerk.House.gov)
212:) on November 14, 2001
3901:Executive Order 13432
3880:Climate change policy
3505:Help America Vote Act
3266:Executive Order 13470
3259:Executive Order 13355
2737:Judicial appointments
2492:Elections in the U.S.
2349:Puerto Rico residents
2088:covered jurisdictions
1786:San Jose Mercury News
1540:Foreign Press Centers
1423:on September 27, 2007
1356:"Voting Technologies"
611:Software independence
596:Help America Vote Act
516:Software verification
511:Qualification testing
3171:Communication issues
3164:September 11 attacks
2880:Mission Accomplished
1228:(October 29, 2002).
1111:United States portal
1016:Secretary of Defense
968:machines, including
905:electronic equipment
895:notify the voter of
870:lever voting systems
785:Voter identification
677:which passed in the
442:Vote counting system
263:on October 8, 2002;
236:House Armed Services
220:House Administration
4007:Election technology
3634:2006 VRA Amendments
2974:by Condoleezza Rice
2960:International trips
2795:Impeachment efforts
1872:Long Distance Voter
1793:on February 1, 2008
1699:on October 11, 2007
1662:(October 5, 2002).
1226:107th U.S. Congress
1207:on November 4, 2004
1192:National Geographic
970:DRE voting machines
384:Election technology
289:on October 29, 2002
183:Legislative history
32:
3837:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
3800:Public Law 110-343
3097:Mexico City policy
2537:Voter registration
2413:Give Us the Ballot
2309:Transgender people
2213:Grandfather clause
2177:Provisional ballot
1826:on October 8, 2008
1814:(March 16, 2004).
1691:(April 13, 2007).
1668:The New York Times
1172:2007-04-02 at the
808:provisional ballot
802:Provisional voting
768:for other voters.
714:establish minimum
506:Acceptance testing
427:Provisional ballot
407:DRE voting machine
277:Roll call vote 238
269:Roll call vote 462
249:Roll call vote 489
3989:
3988:
3535:Hurricane Katrina
3178:Military response
3157:USA Freedom Corps
3083:2002 steel tariff
2990:Trade Act of 2002
2938:
2937:
2929:2008 SOTU Address
2922:2007 SOTU Address
2915:2006 SOTU Address
2908:2005 SOTU Address
2901:2004 SOTU Address
2894:2003 SOTU Address
2887:2002 SOTU Address
2802:Executive actions
2723:Email controversy
2550:
2549:
2497:Electoral College
2319:African Americans
2277:
2276:
2269:One man, one vote
2238:Voter suppression
1513:on April 18, 2006
1285:on August 8, 2008
985:Timelines not met
966:electronic voting
921:Voting Rights Act
818:HAVA created the
647:
646:
521:Usability testing
412:Electronic voting
370:
369:
279:, via Senate.gov)
255:Passed the Senate
111:Statutes at Large
27:2002 election law
16:(Redirected from
4024:
3982:
3973:
3956:
3949:
3940:
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2839:Obama transition
2832:
2825:
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2811:
2809:Executive orders
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
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2760:
2753:
2746:
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2730:Shoeing incident
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2695:
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2637:2nd inauguration
2632:
2630:1st inauguration
2625:
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2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2507:Electoral system
2502:Electoral reform
2477:Disfranchisement
2465:Native Americans
2455:Campaign finance
2400:U.S. suffragists
2395:Silent Sentinels
2324:Native Americans
2147:
2044:Ku Klux Klan Act
2029:Enforcement Acts
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1852:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1822:. Archived from
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1779:(May 15, 2004).
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1754:. Archived from
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1419:. Archived from
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1332:
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1300:
1294:
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1290:
1284:
1278:. Archived from
1273:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1203:. Archived from
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1127:
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1108:
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661:
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372:
245:Passed the House
196:in the House as
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162:§ 15301 et seq.
152:sections created
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89:October 29, 2002
59:
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3652:Economic policy
3646:
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3595:
3588:
3579:
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3565:Medicare Part D
3563:
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3549:Disaster relief
3547:
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3370:9/11 Commission
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3333:
3326:
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3305:Domestic policy
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3264:
3257:
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3222:Afghanistan War
3220:
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3141:Slovakia summit
3139:
3134:Slovenia summit
3132:
3125:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
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3072:
3065:
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3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
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2995:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2967:by Colin Powell
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2358:
2273:
2242:
2208:Electoral fraud
2196:
2192:Voting in space
2182:Recall election
2157:Absentee ballot
2138:
2016:
2010:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1885:
1883:
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1796:
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1777:Ackerman, Elise
1775:
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1761:
1759:
1758:on May 27, 2012
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1208:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:Wayback Machine
1161:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1125:Politics portal
1123:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1059:
1057:ID requirements
1050:
1034:
1008:
996:
962:
949:
937:
929:
878:
862:
860:Voting machines
853:
845:
836:
816:
804:
787:
774:
765:
752:
747:
734:
729:
659:
643:
560:Related aspects
547:Dominion Voting
542:Hart InterCivic
397:Absentee ballot
366:
292:
283:Signed into law
224:House Judiciary
181:
110:
75:Enacted by
57:
28:
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3740:Red Flags Rule
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3255:
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3250:2008 Iraq SOFA
3246:
3243:financial cost
3239:
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3229:2002 Iraq AUMF
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3204:
3203:
3202:
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3127:Russia summits
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2956:
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2944:Foreign policy
2940:
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2419:Freedom Summer
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2339:Guam residents
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2259:Gerrymandering
2256:
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2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2006:26th Amendment
2003:
2001:24th Amendment
1998:
1996:23rd Amendment
1993:
1991:19th Amendment
1988:
1986:17th Amendment
1983:
1981:15th Amendment
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1964:14th Amendment
1961:
1956:
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1954:
1949:
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1933:Constitutional
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1859:External links
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1644:107–252 (text)
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916:
915:
912:
901:
900:
893:
889:
882:voting systems
877:
874:
861:
858:
852:
849:
844:
841:
835:
832:
815:
812:
803:
800:
792:bank statement
786:
783:
773:
770:
764:
763:Voting systems
761:
751:
748:
746:
743:
733:
730:
728:
725:
720:
719:
712:
705:
702:voting systems
687:George W. Bush
664:107–252 (text)
645:
644:
642:
641:
634:
627:
619:
616:
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478:
472:Precinct count
469:
464:
452:
451:
447:
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439:
434:
432:Voting machine
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
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391:
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386:
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381:
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368:
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363:___ (2018)
344:
325:
305:
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294:
293:
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287:George W. Bush
280:
258:
252:
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213:
198:H.R. 3295
190:
187:
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178:
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167:52 U.S.C.
164:transferred to
153:
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140:transferred to
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133:Titles amended
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26:
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14:
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3:
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4029:
4018:
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3999:
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3862:Environmental
3859:
3852:
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3815:
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3699:
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3688:
3683:
3679:
3676:
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3669:
3668:Bush tax cuts
3665:
3662:
3658:
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3308:
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3256:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:War on terror
3205:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3165:
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3147:
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3019:
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2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:Bush Doctrine
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2930:
2926:
2923:
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2909:
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2806:
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2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2772:controversies
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:Harriet Miers
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
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2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Secret ballot
2525:
2523:
2522:Redistricting
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
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2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Ballot access
2448:
2447:
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2300:
2297:
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2284:
2280:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:Vote dilution
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Voter ID laws
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Literacy test
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Postal voting
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2133:
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2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
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2101:
2098:
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2079:
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2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:1st Amendment
1957:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
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1792:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1725:on 2003-02-19
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1669:
1665:
1661:
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1597:
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1573:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1482:on 2008-09-05
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1453:on 2005-07-11
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1401:SEC.301 a. 2.
1400:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1001:
993:
991:
984:
983:
982:
975:
974:
973:
971:
967:
959:
957:
955:
946:
944:
942:
934:
932:
926:
924:
922:
913:
910:
909:
908:
906:
898:
894:
890:
887:
886:
885:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
859:
857:
851:Annual report
850:
848:
842:
840:
834:Commissioners
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
813:
811:
809:
801:
799:
797:
793:
784:
782:
780:
771:
769:
762:
760:
757:
750:Polling place
749:
745:Accessibility
744:
742:
738:
731:
726:
724:
717:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
698:
697:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
658:
652:
640:
635:
633:
628:
626:
621:
620:
618:
617:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
585:
582:
580:
577:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
532:
529:Manufacturers
527:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:
496:
491:
487:
486:Residual vote
484:
482:
479:
477:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
459:
458:Central count
456:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
393:
392:
387:
382:
378:
374:
373:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
345:
342:
339:
335:
331:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
299:
295:
288:
285:by President
284:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:House Science
225:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
191:
188:
184:
179:
176:
172:
171:§§ 20901
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
131:
126:
123:
119:
115:
113:
107:
104:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3977:
3968:
3504:
3192:Phoenix Memo
3111:Space policy
2873:Axis of evil
2765:Samuel Alito
2751:John Roberts
2558:
2487:Election law
2405:Publications
2314:Young adults
2228:Voter caging
2162:Early voting
2150:Voter access
2126:
2017:and agencies
2015:Federal laws
1884:. Retrieved
1844:
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:the original
1806:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1784:
1771:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1751:Boston Globe
1749:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:the original
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1660:Pear, Robert
1654:
1630:
1606:
1582:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1539:
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1495:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:the original
1475:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:the original
1446:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:the original
1406:
1382:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1344:SEC.203 a. 3
1298:
1287:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1262:
1237:. Retrieved
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1190:
1180:
1158:
1147:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1060:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1009:
997:
988:
979:
963:
950:
938:
930:
917:
902:
879:
863:
854:
846:
837:
817:
805:
788:
775:
766:
753:
739:
735:
721:
695:
670:
650:
648:
595:
489:
475:
461:
346:
327:
308:
282:
272:
264:
260:
254:
244:
215:
193:
163:
139:
128:Codification
58:(colloquial)
3482:Real ID Act
3454:No Fly List
3405:Patriot Act
3321:Amber alert
3074:South Korea
2603:(2001–2009)
2553:‹ The
2460:Citizenship
2201:Vote denial
1729:November 3,
1673:November 3,
1601:SEC.701c-d.
1366:: 353–378.
707:create the
450:Terminology
343: (2008)
324: (2008)
3996:Categories
2623:Transition
2304:Foreigners
2143:State laws
2083:amendments
1935:provisions
1830:2008-10-10
1797:2008-10-10
1762:2008-10-10
1703:2008-10-10
1549:2008-10-10
1517:2008-10-10
1486:2008-10-10
1476:N.C. Voter
1457:2008-10-10
1427:2008-10-10
1289:2008-10-10
1239:2008-10-10
1211:2008-10-10
1139:References
1032:Criticisms
822:(EAC), an
727:Provisions
718:standards.
552:Smartmatic
389:Technology
202:Robert Ney
194:Introduced
99:Public law
45:Long title
3384:criticism
3215:2001 AUMF
3067:Singapore
3004:Australia
1942:Article I
1577:SEC.701b.
1201:0027-9358
897:overvotes
481:Undervote
156:42 U.S.C.
116:116
94:Citations
86:Effective
67:Nicknames
3236:Iraq War
3025:Colombia
2849:Speeches
2644:Timeline
2610:Timeline
2555:template
2532:Suffrage
2482:Election
2370:Timeline
2282:By group
2223:Poll tax
1649:SEC.707.
1625:SEC.702.
1248:cite web
1170:Archived
1097:See also
1075:served.
943:(VVSG).
927:Auditing
781:(NVRA).
490:drop-off
467:Overvote
377:a series
375:Part of
55:Acronyms
3039:Morocco
3011:Bahrain
2788:Cabinet
2781:Pardons
2700:2008–09
2557:below (
2443:Related
2363:History
1886:July 4,
1864:AAPD's
1636:Pub. L.
1612:Pub. L.
1588:Pub. L.
1564:Pub. L.
1388:Pub. L.
1331:Pub. L.
1317:SEC.302
1304:Pub. L.
673:, is a
656:Pub. L.
498:Testing
160:ch. 146
103:107-252
3864:policy
3377:report
3104:PEPFAR
3053:Panama
2867:(2001)
2859:(2001)
2542:Voting
2299:Felons
1642:
1618:
1594:
1570:
1394:
1337:
1310:
1199:
683:Senate
669:), or
662:
355:,
353:16-980
351:, No.
273:Senate
169:
150:U.S.C.
120:
3604:award
3018:Chile
2294:Women
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