1105:"About seventy or eighty years ago, a woman by name of Smith, settled in the vicinity of Plymouth, New Hampshire, and transmitted the following idiosyncrasy to her descendants. It is one, she observed, to which her family is unfortunately subject, and had been the source not only of great solicitude, but frequently the cause of death. If the least scratch is made on the skin of some of them, as mortal a hemorrhagy will eventually ensue as if the largest wound is inflicted. (...) So assured are the members of this family of the terrible consequences of the least wound, that they will not suffer themselves to be bled on any consideration, having lost a relation by not being able to stop the discharge occasioned by this operation."
636:
haemophiliac. In contrast, for a female to inherit the disease, she must receive two deficient X-chromosomes, one from her mother and the other from her father (who must therefore be a haemophiliac himself). Hence, haemophilia is expressed far more commonly among males than females, while females, who must have two deficient X-chromosomes in order to have haemophilia, are far more likely to be silent carriers, survive childhood and to submit each of her genetic children to an at least 50% risk of receiving the deficient gene. However, it is possible for female carriers to become mild haemophiliacs due to
450:
598:
1200:
1140:, a Philadelphian physician, wrote an account about "a hemorrhagic disposition existing in certain families" in which he called the affected males "bleeders". He recognised that the disorder was hereditary and that it affected mostly males and was passed down by healthy females. His paper was the second paper to describe important characteristics of an X-linked genetic disorder (the first paper being a description of
6017:
71:
6047:
6057:
6037:
6027:
843:
589:
eliminate excessive blood may be more likely to easily rebleed, leading to a vicious cycle of hemarthrosis-synovitis-hemarthrosis. In addition, iron deposition in the synovium may induce an inflammatory response activating the immune system and stimulating angiogenesis, resulting in cartilage and bone destruction.
1185:, a doctor from Buenos Aires, found haemophilia A and haemophilia B to be separate diseases by doing a lab test. This test was done by transferring the blood of one haemophiliac to another haemophiliac. The fact that this corrected the clotting problem showed that there was more than one form of haemophilia.
964:
cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine are used and are proven effective for those who did not respond to the steroid treatments. In rare cases a third route or treatment is used, high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin or immunosorbent that works to help control bleeding instead of battling the auto-antibodies.
3101:
Manco-Johnson MJ, Abshire TC, Shapiro AD, Riske B, Hacker MR, Kilcoyne R, Ingram JD, Manco-Johnson ML, Funk S, Jacobson L, Valentino LA, Hoots WK, Buchanan GR, DiMichele D, Recht M, Brown D, Leissinger C, Bleak S, Cohen A, Mathew P, Matsunaga A, Medeiros D, Nugent D, Thomas GA, Thompson AA, McRedmond
904:
Clotting factors are either given preventively or on-demand. Preventive use involves the infusion of clotting factor on a regular schedule in order to keep clotting levels sufficiently high to prevent spontaneous bleeding episodes. On-demand (or episodic) treatment involves treating bleeding episodes
461:
vary with severity. In general symptoms are internal or external bleeding episodes, which are called "bleeds". People with more severe haemophilia experience more severe and more frequent bleeds, while people with mild haemophilia usually experience more minor symptoms except after surgery or serious
1357:
may reduce symptoms to those that a person with mild or moderate haemophilia might have. The best results have been found in haemophilia B. In 2016 early stage human research was ongoing with a few sites recruiting participants. In 2017 a gene therapy trial on nine people with haemophilia A reported
689:
If a male has the disease and has children with a female who is not a carrier, his daughters will be carriers of haemophilia. His sons, however, will not be affected with the disease. The disease is X-linked and the father cannot pass haemophilia through the Y-chromosome. Males with the disorder are
631:
of this genetic disposition. However, the Y-chromosome in the male has no gene for factors VIII or IX. If the genes responsible for production of factor VIII or factor IX present on a male's X-chromosome are deficient there is no equivalent on the Y-chromosome to cancel it out, so the deficient gene
588:
Haemophilic arthropathy is characterised by chronic proliferative synovitis and cartilage destruction. If an intra-articular bleed is not drained early, it may cause apoptosis of chondrocytes and affect the synthesis of proteoglycans. The hypertrophied and fragile synovial lining while attempting to
406:. Human embryos in research can be regarded as the technical object/process. Missing blood clotting factors are replaced to treat haemophilia. This may be done on a regular basis or during bleeding episodes. Replacement may take place at home or in hospital. The clotting factors are made either from
1062:
varies with severity and adequate treatment. People with severe haemophilia who do not receive adequate, modern treatment have greatly shortened lifespans and often do not reach maturity. Prior to the 1960s when effective treatment became available, average life expectancy was only 11 years. By the
707:
Haemophilia can be diagnosed before, during or after birth if there is a family history of the condition. Several options are available to parents. If there is no family history of haemophilia, it is usually only diagnosed when a child begins to walk or crawl. Affected children may experience joint
925:
supports the idea that prophylactic treatment not only is more effective than on demand treatment but also suggests that starting after the first serious joint-related haemorrhage may be more cost effective than waiting until the fixed age to begin. Most haemophiliacs in third world countries have
900:
products) have been available and have been widely used in wealthier western countries. While recombinant clotting factor products offer higher purity and safety, they are, like concentrate, extremely expensive, and not generally available in the developing world. In many cases, factor products of
1380:
In June 2023, the FDA approved the first gene therapy treatment for
Hemophilia A, called Roctavian. It was only approved for patients with severe cases, but it has been shown to reduce yearly bleeding episodes by 50%. It works similarly to Hemgenix, being administered by intravenous infusion that
1094:
Haemophilia frequency is about 1 instance in every 10,000 births (or 1 in 5,000 male births) for haemophilia A and 1 in 50,000 births for haemophilia B. About 18,000 people in the United States have haemophilia. Each year in the US, about 400 babies are born with the disorder. Haemophilia usually
698:
There are numerous different mutations which cause each type of haemophilia. Due to differences in changes to the genes involved, people with haemophilia often have some level of active clotting factor. Individuals with less than 1% active factor are classified as having severe haemophilia, those
635:
Since a male receives his single X-chromosome from his mother, the son of a healthy female silently carrying the deficient gene will have a 50% chance of inheriting that gene from her and with it the disease; and if his mother is affected with haemophilia, he will have a 100% chance of being a
963:
may provide some benefit. Different treatments are used to help those with an acquired form of hemophilia in addition to the normal clotting factors. Often the most effective treatment is corticosteroids which remove the auto-antibodies in half of people. As a secondary route of treatment,
909:(infusions of 25 IU/kg body weight of Factor VIII every other day) in respect to its effect on the prevention of joint-diseases. When the boys reached 6 years of age, 93% of those in the prophylaxis group and 55% of those in the episodic-therapy group had a normal index joint-structure on
2612:
Alesci RS, Goldmann G, Halimeh S, Holstein K, Königs C, Miesbach W, Pfrepper C, Olivieri M. Patient perspective on living with mild hemophilia in
Germany: results from a nationwide survey. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Feb 5;11:1347024. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1347024. PMID: 38379557; PMCID:
1148:
who studied his own family). Otto was able to trace the disease back to a woman who settled near
Plymouth, New Hampshire, in 1720. The idea that affected males could pass the trait onto their unaffected daughters was not described until 1813 when John F. Hay, published an account in
826:. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder caused by the development of autoantibodies (inhibitors) directed against plasma coagulation factors. Acquired haemophilia can be associated with cancers, autoimmune disorders and following childbirth.
1132:
noted cases of excessive bleeding among men in a village. Several similar references to the disease later known as hemophilia appear throughout historical writings, though no term for inherited abnormal bleeding tendencies existed until the nineteenth century.
2277:
Gualtierotti R, Garagiola I, Mortarino M, Spena S, Romero-Lux O, Peyvandi F. Gender equity in hemophilia: need for healthcare, familial, and societal advocacy. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Apr 5;11:1345496. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1345496. PMID: 38646558; PMCID:
1273:, died at age 19 from abdominal bleeding following a minor car accident in which he and his sister hit a wall while avoiding a cyclist. Neither appeared injured or sought immediate medical care and Gonzalo died two days later from internal bleeding.
1376:
In
November 2022, the first gene therapy treatment for Hemophilia B was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, called Hemgenix. It is a single-dose treatment that gives the patient the genetic information required to produce Factor IX.
787:
Haemophilia A is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder resulting in a deficiency of functional clotting Factor VIII. Haemophilia B is also a recessive X-linked genetic disorder involving a lack of functional clotting Factor IX. Haemophilia C is an
892:(FDA) approved an anti-haemophilic drug completely free of albumin, which made it the first anti-haemophilic drug in the US to use an entirely synthetic purification process. Since 1993 recombinant factor products (which are typically cultured in
679:, rather than inheriting it, because of a new mutation in one of their parents' gametes. Spontaneous mutations account for about 33% of all cases of haemophilia A. About 30% of cases of haemophilia B are the result of a spontaneous gene mutation.
640:(inactivation) of the X-chromosomes. Haemophiliac daughters are more common than they once were, as improved treatments for the disease have allowed more haemophiliac males to survive to adulthood and become parents. Adult females may experience
4503:
4484:
4465:
347:. Most commonly found in men, haemophilia can affect women too, though very rarely. A woman would need to inherit two affected X chromosomes to be affected, whereas a man would only need one X chromosome affected. It is possible for a new
719:
Genetic testing and counselling are available to help determine the risk of passing the condition onto a child. This may involve testing a sample of tissue or blood to look for signs of the genetic mutation that causes haemophilia.
489:. This is most common with severe haemophiliacs and can occur spontaneously (without evident trauma). If not treated promptly, joint bleeds can lead to permanent joint damage and disfigurement. Bleeding into soft tissues such as
1078:. The second leading cause of death related to severe haemophilia complications is intracranial haemorrhage which today accounts for one third of all deaths of people with haemophilia. Two other major causes of death include
4413:
1254:, which worsened rather than lessened the problem. It is believed that, by simply advising against the medical treatment, Rasputin could bring visible and significant improvement to the condition of Tsarevich Alexei.
375:. Haemophilia A, B, and C prevent the intrinsic pathway from functioning properly; this clotting pathway is necessary when there is damage to the endothelium of a blood vessel. Acquired haemophilia is associated with
1335:
Tens of thousands worldwide were infected as a result of contaminated factor products including more than 10,000 people in the United States, 3,500 British, 1,400 Japanese, 700 Canadians, 250 Irish, and 115 Iraqis.
854:
Clotting factors are usually not needed in mild haemophilia. In moderate haemophilia clotting factors are typically only needed when bleeding occurs or to prevent bleeding with certain events. In severe haemophilia
3875:"AUTO CRASH FATAL TO SPANISH PRINCE; Don Gonzalo, 19, Succumbs to Hemophilia After Collision in Austrian Village. INFANTA BEATRIZ DRIVING Swerved Car to Avoid Hitting Bicyclist – Ex-King Present at Son's Bedside"
690:
then no more likely to pass on the gene to their children than carrier females, though all daughters they sire will be carriers and all sons they father will not have haemophilia (unless the mother is a carrier)
1339:
Infection via the tainted factor products had mostly stopped by 1986 by which time viral inactivation methods had largely been put into place, although some products were shown to still be dangerous in 1987.
655:
has a 50% chance of passing the faulty X-chromosome to her daughter, while an affected father will always pass on the affected gene to his daughters. A son cannot inherit the defective gene from his father.
308:. Those with a mild case of the disease may have symptoms only after an accident or during surgery. Bleeding into a joint can result in permanent damage while bleeding in the brain can result in long term
747:
If haemophilia is suspected after a child has been born, a blood test can usually confirm the diagnosis. Blood from the umbilical cord can be tested at birth if there's a family history of haemophilia. A
4096:
433:, females are rarely severely affected. Some females with a nonfunctional gene on one of the X chromosomes may be mildly symptomatic. Haemophilia C occurs equally in both sexes and is mostly found in
3845:
4637:
1075:
1373:(FIX) protein, normal levels of the protein were observed with low doses of the therapy but immunosuppression was necessitated to decrease the risk of vector-related immune responses.
513:, and muscles may also occur. Children with mild haemophilia may not have noticeable symptoms for many years. Often, the first sign in very mild haemophiliacs is heavy bleeding from a
497:
is less severe but can lead to damage and requires treatment. Children with mild to moderate haemophilia may not have any signs or symptoms at birth, especially if they do not undergo
1063:
1980s the life span of the average haemophiliac receiving appropriate treatment was 50–60 years. Today with appropriate treatment, males with haemophilia typically have a near normal
682:
If a female gives birth to a haemophiliac son, either the female is a carrier for the blood disorder or the haemophilia was the result of a spontaneous mutation. Until modern direct
2150:
1291:. Together with the development of a system for transportation and storage of human plasma in 1965, this was the first time an efficient treatment for haemophilia became available.
3426:
Mishne Torah, laws of circumcision, chapter 1 law 18. It explicitly talks about multiple boys who have the same mother, regardless of whether or not they also have the same father.
4518:
3445:
Tuddenham EG, Collins P, Yee TT (2012). "Clinical
Manifestations and Therapy of Inherited and Acquired Hemophilia". In Marder VJ, Aird WC, Bennett S, Schulman S, White G (eds.).
521:. Females who are carriers usually have enough clotting factors from their one normal gene to prevent serious bleeding problems, though some may present as mild haemophiliacs.
881:
If a person becomes refractory to replacement coagulation factor as a result of high levels of circulating inhibitors, this may be partially overcome with recombinant human
3653:
739:
There is a small risk of these procedures causing problems such as miscarriage or premature labour, so the woman may discuss this with the doctor in charge of her care.
62:
1250:
It was claimed that
Rasputin was successful at treating Tsarevich Alexei's haemophilia. At the time, a common treatment administered by professional doctors was to use
846:
Commercially produced factor concentrates such as "Advate", a recombinant Factor VIII, come as a white powder in a vial which must be mixed with sterile water prior to
874:(inhibitors) against the replacement factors given to them, so the amount of the factor has to be increased or non-human replacement products must be given, such as
732:
chorionic villus sampling (CVS): a small sample of the placenta is removed from the womb and tested for the haemophilia gene, usually during weeks 11–14 of pregnancy
4630:
3302:
2356:
Valentino LA, Hakobyan N, Rodriguez N, Hoots WK (November 2007). "Pathogenesis of haemophilic synovitis: experimental studies on blood-induced joint damage".
529:
Severe complications are much more common in cases of severe and moderate haemophilia. Complications may arise from the disease itself or from its treatment:
1266:
3977:
Pool JG, Shannon AE (1965-12-30). "Production of High-Potency
Concentrates of Antihemophilic Globulin in a Closed-Bag System: Assay in Vitro and in Vivo".
1332:
infection. The plasma used to create the products was not screened or tested, nor had most of the products been subject to any form of viral inactivation.
2290:
5546:
3853:
2076:
1662:
1561:
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with 1–5% active factor have moderate haemophilia, and those with mild haemophilia have between 5% and 40% of normal levels of active clotting factor.
5887:
4097:"Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry into the Infection with HIV and Hepatitis C of Persons with Haemophilia and Related Matters | Department of Health"
2846:
Tribuzi, Susanna, Naccarato, Alessia, Pelagalli, Lorella, et al. Acquired
Hemophilia A After Hepatic Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Case Report.
1095:
occurs in males and less often in females. It is estimated that about 2,500 Canadians have haemophilia A, and about 500 Canadians have haemophilia B.
4623:
3027:
1699:
1440:
5486:
2169:
1395:
1317:
1300:
1258:
1232:
3282:
3341:
481:
is common in people with severe haemophilia and some individuals with moderate haemophilia. The most characteristic type of internal bleed is a
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3620:
3623:
2683:
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3829:
3800:
3639:
2453:
2257:
eMedicine from webMD. Dimitrios P Agaliotis, MD, PhD, FACP, Robert A Zaiden, MD, Fellow, and
Saduman Ozturk, PA-C. Updated: 24 November 2009.
1603:
1481:
1050:
also have a high rate of injuries, but have overall less contact and should be undertaken cautiously and only in consultation with a doctor.
859:
is often recommended two or three times a week and may continue for life. Rapid treatment of bleeding episodes decreases damage to the body.
834:
There is no long-term cure. Treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes is done primarily by replacing the missing blood clotting factors.
429:
Haemophilia A affects about 1 in 5,000–10,000, while haemophilia B affects about 1 in 40,000 males at birth. As haemophilia A and B are both
5786:
4177:
3700:
2592:
1240:
987:
for people with haemophilia as these can aggravate clotting difficulties. Also contraindicated are those drugs which have "blood thinning"
2147:
546:(haemophilic arthropathy), potentially with severe pain, disfigurement, and even destruction of the joint and development of debilitating
2826:
2716:
4929:
4912:
4526:
1609:
1151:
1124:
instructs that a boy must not be circumcised if he had two brothers who died due to complications arising from their circumcisions, and
5922:
5264:
1128:
says that this excluded paternal half-brothers. This may have been due to a concern about hemophilia. The tenth century Arab surgeon
3454:
2105:
Peyvandi F, Garagiola I, Young G (9 July 2016). "The past and future of haemophilia: diagnosis, treatments, and its complications".
554:
2250:
1306:
644:(heavy periods) due to the bleeding tendency. The pattern of inheritance is criss-cross type. This type of pattern is also seen in
4991:
4943:
3502:
1243:, one of Queen Victoria's granddaughters. The haemophilia of Alexei would result in the rise to prominence of the Russian mystic
3595:
3361:
1219:
and, through two of her daughters, Alice and
Beatrice, to various royals across the continent, including the royal families of
1208:
1194:
564:
to clotting factor treatment, including the development of an immune inhibitor which renders factor replacement less effective.
438:
4281:
Chowdary P, Shapiro S, Makris M, Evans G, Boyce S, Talks K, Dolan G, Reiss U, Phillips M, Riddell A, Peralta MR (2022-07-21).
4195:
Rangarajan S, Walsh L, Lester W, Perry D, Madan B, Laffan M, Yu H, Vettermann C, Pierce GF, Wong WY, Pasi KJ (December 2017).
1265:, who later became Queen of Spain. Two of her sons were haemophiliacs and both died from minor car accidents. Her eldest son,
1169:
The term "haemophilia" is derived from the term "haemorrhaphilia" which was used in a description of the condition written by
462:
trauma. In cases of moderate haemophilia symptoms are variable which manifest along a spectrum between severe and mild forms.
6040:
5912:
5346:
4710:
3406:
1524:
1405:
1262:
616:
601:
430:
317:
4997:
3143:
Roosendaal G, Lafeber F (2007). "Prophylactic treatment for prevention of joint disease in hemophilia—cost versus benefit".
2424:
623:
on her other chromosome should express itself to produce the necessary clotting factors, due to X inactivation. Therefore,
4983:
4971:
4934:
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may be used to reduce pain and swelling in an affected joint. In those with severe hemophilia A already receiving FVIII,
5892:
4804:
889:
842:
5536:
2743:
5124:
4700:
474:
3874:
3321:
3178:
862:
Factor VIII is used in haemophilia A and factor IX in haemophilia B. Factor replacement can be either isolated from
728:
A pregnant woman with a history of haemophilia in her family can test for the haemophilia gene. Such tests include:
5516:
5079:
4924:
4747:
3299:
893:
5945:
5195:
4766:
2623:
942:
905:
once they arise. In 2007, a trial comparing on-demand treatment of boys (< 30 months) with haemophilia A with
619:, a female carrying the defect on one of her X-chromosomes may not be affected by it, as the equivalent dominant
197:
3386:
572:
is a serious medical emergency caused by the buildup of pressure inside the skull. It can cause disorientation,
5737:
5659:
5654:
5574:
5334:
5165:
5155:
4908:
4737:
4543:
3435:
Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Morbidity". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1270:
4948:
1723:"Inhibitors of propagation of coagulation (factors VIII, IX and XI): a review of current therapeutic practice"
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2068:
1872:
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264:
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1216:
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568:
305:
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5309:
5257:
5069:
5044:
5002:
4078:
2869:
1951:
1691:
1400:
1366:
711:
Mild haemophilia may only be discovered later, usually after an injury or a dental or surgical procedure.
683:
364:
240:
2188:"Diagnosis and care of patients with mild haemophilia: practical recommendations for clinical management"
1432:
247:
5960:
5846:
5819:
5792:
5744:
5698:
5393:
5064:
5054:
4872:
3821:
2761:"First Case of Acquired Hemophilia B in a Patient with HIV Infection: Case Report and Literature Review"
1236:
1163:
1158:
In 1924, a Finnish doctor discovered a hereditary bleeding disorder similar to haemophilia localised in
906:
856:
509:
from frequent bumps and falls as they learn to walk. Swelling and bruising from bleeding in the joints,
3209:"Approved Drugs – FDA approves emicizumab-kxwh for hemophilia A with or without factor VIII inhibitors"
2166:
1324:
Up until late 1985 many people with haemophilia received clotting factor products that posed a risk of
735:
amniocentesis: a sample of amniotic fluid is taken for testing, usually during weeks 15–20 of pregnancy
686:, however, it was impossible to determine if a female with only healthy children was a carrier or not.
1358:
that high doses did better than low doses. It is not currently an accepted treatment for haemophilia.
1269:, died at the age of 31 from internal bleeding after his car hit a telephone booth. Her youngest son,
1070:
Since the 1980s the primary leading cause of death of people with severe haemophilia has shifted from
449:
6081:
5980:
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5807:
5621:
5616:
5596:
5531:
5383:
4820:
4715:
4705:
4061:
3911:
3743:
3568:"Haemophilia Special Issue: von Willebrand's Disease: a Report from a Meeting in the Åland Islands".
2649:
1281:
The method for the production of an antihaemophilic factor was discovered by Judith Graham Pool from
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1170:
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1956:
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As with all genetic disorders, it is also possible for a human to acquire it spontaneously through
661:
494:
380:
6046:
4115:
3521:"Account of a remarkable hæmorrhagic disposition, existing in many individuals of the same family"
3279:
2675:
2186:
Benson G, Auerswald G, Dolan G, Duffy A, Hermans C, Ljung R, Morfini M, Šalek SZ (November 2018).
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3964:"Alphabetical List of Licensed Establishments Including Product Approval Dates as of 30-APR-2019"
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2029:
1977:
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1178:
411:
152:
33:
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387:. Diagnosis is by testing the blood for its ability to clot and its levels of clotting factors.
3104:"Prophylaxis versus episodic treatment to prevent joint disease in boys with severe hemophilia"
1773:
Thalji N, Camire RM (September 2013). "Parahemophilia: new insights into factor v deficiency".
6020:
5902:
5872:
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1969:
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1892:
1884:
1845:
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1790:
1752:
1599:
1593:
1182:
1019:
478:
465:
In both haemophilia A and B, there is spontaneous bleeding but a normal bleeding time, normal
184:
140:
2915:"Porcine recombinant factor VIII: an additional weapon to handle anti-factor VIII antibodies"
5722:
5707:
5584:
5459:
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4695:
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3919:
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3665:
3577:
3540:
3532:
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3152:
3115:
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3065:
2999:
2983:
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2926:
2879:
2790:
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2507:
2365:
2328:
2320:
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2199:
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2011:
1961:
1829:
1782:
1742:
1734:
1244:
1220:
1137:
984:
956:
752:
will also be able to identify whether a child has haemophilia A or B, and how severe it is.
665:
645:
466:
281:
236:
177:
94:
3289:
Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD 2007. kidshealth.org by Nemours. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
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208:
4855:
4022:"Hemophilia: an amazing 35-year journey from the depths of HIV to the threshold of cure"
3915:
3747:
2247:
1199:
5882:
5836:
5649:
5579:
5398:
5215:
4917:
4860:
4742:
4038:
4021:
3900:"High-potency Antihæmophilic Factor Concentrate prepared from Cryoglobulin Precipitate"
3545:
3078:
3053:
3004:
2971:
2947:
2914:
2795:
2760:
2333:
2308:
2212:
2187:
1747:
1722:
1212:
1035:
597:
434:
4196:
3499:
3357:
2399:
2118:
6075:
5965:
5754:
5749:
5611:
5551:
5454:
5225:
5037:
5032:
5027:
4784:
4615:
4324:
3773:
3599:
3245:
2369:
2033:
1738:
1362:
1285:
in 1964, and approved for commercial use in 1971 in the United States under the name
1015:
972:
948:
769:
765:
761:
669:
470:
356:
332:
324:
4512:
4162:
2535:
2385:
2134:
1802:
70:
6030:
5970:
5955:
5781:
5506:
5356:
5341:
5287:
4667:
4594:
3949:
3792:
3669:
2899:
2860:
Franchini M, Mannucci PM (December 2013). "Acquired haemophilia A: a 2013 update".
2470:
2266:
1981:
1942:
Franchini M, Mannucci PM (December 2013). "Acquired haemophilia A: a 2013 update".
1857:
1631:
1516:
1390:
1354:
1224:
1011:
988:
934:
914:
897:
863:
819:
797:
624:
612:
608:
577:
543:
498:
482:
423:
419:
351:
to occur during early development, or haemophilia may develop later in life due to
340:
301:
40:
3402:
3028:"FDA Gives the Go-Ahead to Wyeth for Hemophilia A Therapy and Abbott for JIA Drug"
367:, which occurs due to low levels of a substance called von Willebrand factor, and
4548:
3581:
1067:
with an average lifespan approximately 10 years shorter than an unaffected male.
5829:
5774:
5671:
5526:
5501:
5319:
5210:
5175:
5150:
4830:
4662:
4651:
4578:
3990:
3536:
1329:
1145:
1004:
921:
300,000 per year. The author of an editorial published in the same issue of the
882:
847:
641:
637:
510:
407:
395:
328:
285:
145:
79:
5917:
4146:
1911:
1018:. Popular sports with very high rates of physical contact and injuries such as
5802:
5769:
5541:
5491:
5476:
5471:
5464:
5449:
5439:
5200:
4794:
4776:
4559:
3789:
Nicholas and Alexandra: The Classic Account of the Fall of the Romanov Dynasty
3069:
2324:
1309:
1129:
1125:
1047:
1010:
Also contraindicated are activities with a high likelihood of trauma, such as
960:
871:
749:
415:
352:
289:
278:
4308:
3998:
3933:
3677:
3253:
3179:"Data Collection - WFH Annual Global Survey - World Federation of Hemophilia"
2995:
2987:
2938:
2786:
2519:
1888:
1841:
536:, e.g. deep-muscle bleeding, leading to swelling, numbness or pain of a limb.
418:
to the clotting factors which makes treatment more difficult. The medication
5990:
5732:
5727:
5591:
5569:
5444:
5408:
5145:
5109:
4732:
4589:
4497:
4493:
3756:
3731:
2759:
Páramo L, Enciso Olivera LJ, Noreña I, Amaya MA, Santacruz JC (2019-03-05).
2740:
2495:
1818:"Bioengineered factor Xa as a potential new strategy for hemophilia therapy"
1370:
1083:
1079:
1031:
996:
793:
547:
514:
384:
360:
336:
17:
4362:
4316:
4267:
4232:
4223:
4047:
3963:
3941:
3765:
3685:
3554:
3486:
3261:
3164:
3129:
3087:
3054:"Management of Haemophilia in Developing Countries: Challenges and Options"
3013:
2956:
2891:
2804:
2527:
2511:
2377:
2342:
2221:
2126:
2025:
1973:
1923:
1896:
1849:
1794:
1786:
1756:
4299:
4282:
4213:
4154:
4079:"Commemoration of the Tainted Blood Tragedy – Canadian Hemophilia Society"
4006:
5496:
5273:
5160:
5114:
5099:
4958:
4789:
4647:
4259:
3186:
3120:
3103:
2930:
2883:
2203:
1965:
1313:
1159:
1071:
1043:
980:
808:
789:
676:
506:
391:
372:
348:
309:
297:
293:
158:
4339:"Novel gene therapy could reduce bleeding risk for haemophilia patients"
4133:
Lowe GD (August 1987). "Haemophilia, blood products and HIV infection".
3156:
2777:
945:
may be given along with clotting factors to prevent breakdown of clots.
5975:
5435:
5403:
5296:
5119:
4246:
van den Berg HM (December 2017). "A Cure for Hemophilia within Reach".
2972:"Factor VIII inhibitors in hemophilia A: rationale and latest evidence"
2016:
1999:
1305:
1251:
1228:
1038:
should be avoided by people with haemophilia. Other active sports like
992:
976:
952:
875:
672:, is available to pregnant women who may be carriers of the condition.
518:
458:
313:
4457:
1833:
5104:
4488:
4469:
4414:"FDA Approves First Gene Therapy for Adults with Severe Hemophilia A"
4283:"Phase 1–2 Trial of AAVS3 Gene Therapy in Patients with Hemophilia B"
3924:
3899:
3383:
1121:
1086:
and obstruction of air or blood flow due to soft tissue haemorrhage.
1027:
1023:
620:
573:
502:
490:
441:. The difference between haemophilia A and B was determined in 1952.
403:
399:
376:
270:
253:
3621:
Chapter 38 Coagulation Factors V and VIII by GC White and GE Gilbert
3520:
1817:
1239:, famously had haemophilia, which he had inherited from his mother,
4603:
926:
limited or no access to commercial blood clotting factor products.
218:
1 in 7,500 males (haemophilia A), 1 in 40,000 males (haemophilia B)
1304:
1198:
841:
596:
581:
486:
448:
4116:"Iraqis Infected by H.I.V.-Tainted Blood Try New Tool: A Lawsuit"
3634:. 2003. Eds. Robert I. Handin, Samuel E. Lux, Thomas P. Stossel.
3447:
Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice
2000:"Acquired hemophilia: a case report and review of the literature"
4537:
4534:
4531:
344:
5246:
4619:
3732:"Genotype Analysis Identifies the Cause of the 'Royal Disease'"
3500:
DIGITISED EARLY PAPERS AND BOOKS ON HUMAN AND MEDICAL GENETICS
1325:
910:
100:
3509:
Genetics and Medicine Historical Network, Cardiff University.
339:. They are typically inherited from one's parents through an
1003:
should not be taken because they are well known to have the
5242:
1873:"Traumatic Hyphema and Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C)"
124:
121:
106:
901:
any sort are difficult to obtain in developing countries.
3632:
Blood: principles and practice of hematology: 2nd edition
2551:"How Hemophilia is Inherited | Hemophilia | NCBDDD | CDC"
1162:, southwest of Finland. This bleeding disorder is called
792:
genetic disorder involving a lack of functional clotting
422:
may be used in those with mild haemophilia A. Studies of
115:
3403:"Otto JC. The Medical Repository. 1803; Vol VI (1): 1–4"
3300:
Playing it Safe: Bleeding Disorders, Sports and Exercise
1120:
The excessive bleeding was known to ancient people. The
4197:"AAV5-Factor VIII Gene Transfer in Severe Hemophilia A"
2496:"Historical review on genetic analysis in hemophilia A"
2494:
Oldenburg J, Pezeshkpoor B, Pavlova A (November 2014).
1595:
The Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders and Birth Defects
913:. Preventative treatment, however, resulted in average
355:
forming against a clotting factor. Other types include
2850:
2017;9(12):344–345. doi:10.1213/XAA.0000000000000611.
1312:
was an American haemophiliac who became infected with
937:(DDAVP) may be used in those with mild haemophilia A.
896:(CHO) tissue culture cells and involve little, if any
807:
is a mild and rare form and is due to a deficiency in
3701:"Case Closed: Famous Royals Suffered From Hemophilia"
1361:
In July 2022 results of a gene therapy candidate for
112:
4447:
1998:
Mulliez SM, Vantilborgh A, Devreese KM (June 2014).
1211:
and thus is sometimes known as 'the royal disease'.
558:
from blood transfusions that are given as treatment.
501:. Their first symptoms are often frequent and large
118:
5933:
5871:
5632:
5560:
5515:
5424:
5295:
5280:
5135:
5092:
5013:
4957:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4813:
4775:
4688:
4681:
4569:
4451:
4442:
3898:Pool JG, Hershgold EJ, Pappenhagen AR (July 1964).
3058:
Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusions
2471:"Information for Women | Hemophilia | NCBDDD | CDC"
870:, or a combination of the two. Some people develop
214:
203:
193:
183:
172:
164:
151:
139:
109:
103:
97:
85:
58:
53:
3475:Sydsvenska Medicinhistoriska Sallskapets Arsskrift
3232:Boggio LN, Green D (2001). "Acquired Hemophilia".
2425:"Hemophilia and Pregnancy – Hemophilia News Today"
1365:called FLT180 were announced, it works using an
1215:passed the mutation for haemophilia B to her son
1181:, discovered anti-haemophilic globulin. In 1947,
4067:. Japan Center for International Exchange. 2004.
3730:Evgeny I. Rogaev, et al. (8 October 2009).
3032:GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News
2819:"Hemophilia B: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
2709:"Hemophilia A: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1433:"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Hemophilia?"
796:. Haemophilia C is not completely recessive, as
32:"Hemophiliac" redirects here. For the band, see
3473:Nilsson IM (1994). "Haemophilia—then and now".
3234:Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology
1918:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1871:Al-Fadhil N, Pathare A, Ganesh A (2001-10-01).
1638:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control. 12 May 2020
1103:
818:A non-genetic form of haemophilia is caused by
4363:"Transformational therapy cures haemophilia B"
3818:Aspirin: The Remarkable Story of a Wonder Drug
2703:
2701:
2004:International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
1257:In Spain, Queen Victoria's youngest daughter,
1177:. In 1937, Patek and Taylor, two doctors from
664:is recommended for families with haemophilia.
615:. Since the mutations causing the disease are
439:was common within the royal families of Europe
327:, which occurs due to low amounts of clotting
5258:
4631:
3654:"The history of haemophilia – a short review"
2309:"Musculoskeletal Complications of Hemophilia"
2063:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
632:is not masked and the disorder will develop.
335:, which occurs due to low levels of clotting
8:
4062:"Japan's Response to the Spread of HIV/AIDS"
2735:
2733:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1074:to HIV/AIDS acquired through treatment with
4178:"RCMP lay 32 charges in tainted-blood case"
3339:Frequently Asked Questions About Hemophilia
3309:". Booklet. National Hemophilia Foundation.
1768:
1766:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1267:Prince Alfonso of Spain, Prince of Asturias
5547:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
5292:
5265:
5251:
5243:
4896:
4889:
4685:
4638:
4624:
4616:
4448:
3468:
3466:
2555:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2475:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1993:
1991:
800:individuals also show increased bleeding.
453:An illustration of a woman with hemophilia
69:
50:
5888:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
4298:
4222:
4212:
4037:
3923:
3755:
3544:
3119:
3102:K, Soucie JM, Austin H, Evatt BL (2007).
3077:
3003:
2946:
2873:
2794:
2776:
2332:
2211:
2015:
1955:
1910:Chaudhry R, Usama SM, Babiker HM (2022),
1746:
1721:Franchini M, Mannucci PM (October 2011).
1592:Wynbrandt J, Ludman MD (1 January 2009).
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
323:There are two main types of haemophilia:
1727:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
991:. For instance, medicines which contain
760:There are several types of haemophilia:
296:for a longer time after an injury, easy
27:Genetic disease involving blood clotting
3275:
3273:
3271:
2585:"Haemophilia – Diagnosis – NHS Choices"
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
1417:
1396:Purpura secondary to clotting disorders
1301:Contaminated haemophilia blood products
1173:in 1828, while he was a student at the
822:against factor VIII and so is known as
2079:from the original on 17 September 2016
1564:from the original on 15 September 2016
1443:from the original on 17 September 2016
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2500:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
2446:Kumar & Clark's Clinical Medicine
1775:Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
1702:from the original on 8 September 2016
1207:Haemophilia has featured prominently
7:
6026:
5787:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
3364:from the original on 12 October 2007
1598:. Infobase Publishing. p. 194.
390:Prevention may occur by removing an
371:, which occurs due to low levels of
359:, which occurs due to low levels of
6036:
3846:"Tragic Drama Under the Miami Moon"
3358:"U.S. National Library of Medicine"
2448:(7th ed.). Saunders Elsevier.
1612:from the original on 8 January 2014
1527:from the original on 27 August 2016
1484:from the original on 4 October 2016
1152:The New England Journal of Medicine
1058:Like most aspects of the disorder,
284:that impairs the body's ability to
5923:Medical Scientist Training Program
2976:Therapeutic Advances in Hematology
2676:"What Is Hemophilia? – NHLBI, NIH"
1912:"Physiology, Coagulation Pathways"
1353:In those with severe haemophilia,
25:
4418:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
4392:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
4114:Zielbauer Pv (4 September 2006).
2913:Mannucci PM, Franchini M (2017).
1665:from the original on 6 March 2008
1381:contains a gene for Factor VIII.
803:The type of haemophilia known as
555:Transfusion transmitted infection
6055:
6045:
6035:
6025:
6016:
6015:
4992:platelet storage pool deficiency
4944:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
4026:Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc
3699:Michael Price (8 October 2009).
3328:Frequently Asked Questions. 2005
3246:10.1046/j.1468-0734.2001.00049.x
2686:from the original on 2 July 2016
2370:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01534.x
1739:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03899.x
811:. This type can be inherited or
93:
6056:
4287:New England Journal of Medicine
3979:New England Journal of Medicine
3409:from the original on 2014-09-04
3337:World Federation of Hemophilia
2829:from the original on 2016-07-05
2719:from the original on 2016-07-05
2595:from the original on 2017-01-01
2198:(6). Blood Transfus.: 535–544.
2167:Key facts: what is haemophilia?
2157:National Hemophilia Foundation.
1203:Haemophilia in European royalty
1195:Haemophilia in European royalty
611:, and males have one X and one
607:Typically, females possess two
5913:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
5347:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
4711:Activated protein C resistance
4443:World Federation of Hemophilia
3670:10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.020
3319:World Federation of Hemophilia
2297:Mayo Clinic Staff. 16 May 2009
1554:"How Is Hemophilia Diagnosed?"
1406:World Federation of Hemophilia
1369:(AAV) to restore the clotting
1263:Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
602:X-linked recessive inheritance
414:. Up to 20% of people develop
402:before transferring it to the
318:altered level of consciousness
277: 'love of'), is a mostly
1:
2307:Rodriguez-Merchan EC (2010).
2119:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01123-x
1659:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
437:. In the 1800s haemophilia B
6087:X-linked recessive disorders
5893:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
5660:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
4805:Trousseau sign of malignancy
3582:10.1111/hae.2012.18.issue-s6
3382:Canadian Hemophilia Society
2069:"How Is Hemophilia Treated?"
890:Food and Drug Administration
485:where blood enters into the
431:X-linked recessive disorders
5125:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
4701:Antithrombin III deficiency
3991:10.1056/NEJM196512302732701
3596:"The History of hemophilia"
3537:10.1056/NEJM181307010020302
3280:How to Deal with Hemophilia
2624:"Chorionic villus sampling"
1822:Expert Review of Hematology
1318:contaminated blood products
1076:contaminated blood products
475:partial thromboplastin time
426:are in early human trials.
300:, and an increased risk of
6108:
5080:Congenital afibrinogenemia
4984:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
4748:Essential thrombocythaemia
4147:10.1177/003693308703200404
4032:: 61–73, discussion 74–5.
2970:Witmer C, Young G (2013).
2862:Thrombosis and Haemostasis
2739:Prasad Mathew, MBBS, DCH,
1944:Thrombosis and Haemostasis
1298:
1192:
263:
260: 'blood' and
246:
38:
31:
6011:
5196:Gastrointestinal bleeding
4998:Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
4767:Antiphospholipid syndrome
4658:
3449:. Wolters Kluwer Health.
3070:10.1007/s12288-015-0562-x
3052:Ghosh K, Ghosh K (2016).
2444:Kumar P, Clark M (2009).
2325:10.1007/s11420-009-9140-9
1877:Archives of Ophthalmology
1692:"What Causes Hemophilia?"
1247:, at the imperial court.
943:epsilon aminocaproic acid
708:bleeds or easy bruising.
576:, loss of consciousness,
343:carrying a nonfunctional
292:. This results in people
198:Preimplantation screening
77:
68:
5847:Transplantation medicine
5738:Clinical neurophysiology
5655:Obstetric anesthesiology
5575:Interventional radiology
5335:Digestive system surgery
5166:Subconjunctival bleeding
5156:Intracranial haemorrhage
4972:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
4935:Upshaw–Schulman syndrome
4909:Thrombocytopenic purpura
4738:Sticky platelet syndrome
2988:10.1177/2040620712464509
2741:eMedicine – Hemophilia C
2288:Hemophilia Complications
2176:The Haemophilia Society.
1816:Camire RM (2012-01-01).
1164:"Von Willebrand Disease"
569:Intracranial haemorrhage
39:Not to be confused with
5718:Intensive care medicine
5692:Mass gathering medicine
5537:Maternal–fetal medicine
3757:10.1126/science.1180660
2654:National Health Service
2628:National Health Service
1007:of prolonged bleeding.
5310:Cardiothoracic surgery
5070:Factor XIII deficiency
5050:Hypoprothrombinemia/II
5045:von Willebrand disease
5003:Gray platelet syndrome
3707:. AAAS. Archived from
2512:10.1055/s-0034-1395161
1787:10.1055/s-0033-1349224
1401:Von Willebrand disease
1367:adeno-associated virus
1321:
1235:, the son and heir of
1204:
1107:
907:prophylactic treatment
888:In early 2008, the US
851:
824:acquired haemophilia A
782:acquired haemophilia B
778:acquired haemophilia A
604:
534:Deep internal bleeding
454:
365:Von Willebrand disease
302:bleeding inside joints
288:, a process needed to
207:Replace missing blood
78:A drawing of clotting
5961:Personalized medicine
5820:Reproductive medicine
5745:Occupational medicine
5699:Evolutionary medicine
5065:Factor XII deficiency
5055:Factor VII deficiency
4873:Renal vein thrombosis
4300:10.1056/NEJMoa2119913
4214:10.1056/NEJMoa1708483
3850:www.biscaynetimes.com
3822:Bloomsbury Publishing
3705:ScienceNOW Daily News
2848:A&A Case Reports.
1632:"What Is Hemophilia?"
1474:"What Is Hemophilia?"
1308:
1202:
894:Chinese hamster ovary
845:
600:
452:
5981:Traditional medicine
5941:Alternative medicine
5808:Addiction psychiatry
5622:Transfusion medicine
5617:Medical microbiology
5532:Gynecologic oncology
5384:Reproductive surgery
4821:Deep vein thrombosis
4716:Protein S deficiency
4706:Protein C deficiency
4260:10.1056/NEJMe1713888
4103:. 30 September 2002.
3121:10.1056/NEJMoa067659
2931:10.2450/2016.0030-16
2884:10.1160/TH13-05-0363
2204:10.2450/2017.0150-17
1966:10.1160/TH13-05-0363
1288:Cryoprecipitated AHF
1175:University of Zurich
1116:Scientific discovery
495:subcutaneous tissues
398:it, and testing the
381:autoimmune disorders
6003:History of medicine
5986:Veterinary medicine
5793:Preventive medicine
5645:Adolescent medicine
5487:Infectious diseases
5186:Pulmonary haematoma
5060:Factor X deficiency
4949:May–Hegglin anomaly
4726:Prothrombin G20210A
3916:1964Natur.203..312P
3816:Jeffreys D (2008).
3748:2009Sci...326..817R
3658:Thrombosis Research
3519:Hay J (July 1813).
3405:. Genmedhist.info.
3157:10.1056/NEJMe078098
2778:10.7759/cureus.4179
2248:Hemophilia Overview
1523:. August 26, 2014.
1295:Blood contamination
1283:Stanford University
1209:in European royalty
1082:infections causing
662:genetic counselling
412:recombinant methods
157:Easy and prolonged
5951:Molecular oncology
5908:Doctor of Medicine
5898:Master of Medicine
5815:Radiation oncology
5687:Emergency medicine
5640:Addiction medicine
5607:Clinical chemistry
5602:Clinical pathology
5394:Transplant surgery
5352:Orthopedic surgery
5330:Colorectal surgery
5093:Signs and symptoms
4868:Pulmonary embolism
4673:Bleeding diathesis
4570:External resources
4182:The Globe and Mail
4120:The New York Times
4085:. 17 October 2017.
3879:The New York Times
3787:Massie RK (2011).
3711:on 12 October 2009
3652:Schramm W (2014).
3626:2017-09-11 at the
3505:2011-07-21 at the
3389:2008-02-13 at the
3344:2008-06-12 at the
3324:2014-02-01 at the
3305:2010-09-14 at the
3285:2007-02-14 at the
2746:2008-12-02 at the
2549:CDC (2022-08-01).
2469:CDC (2019-04-19).
2293:2010-01-21 at the
2267:Medical News Today
2253:2009-09-27 at the
2172:2009-05-23 at the
2153:2010-02-13 at the
2017:10.1111/ijlh.12210
1517:"Hemophilia Facts"
1322:
1205:
1179:Harvard University
1110:John C. Otto, 1803
852:
651:A mother who is a
617:X-linked recessive
605:
517:, an accident, or
455:
445:Signs and symptoms
34:Hemophiliac (band)
6069:
6068:
5903:Master of Surgery
5867:
5866:
5852:Tropical medicine
5798:Prison healthcare
5713:Hospital medicine
5677:Disaster medicine
5667:Aviation medicine
5482:Hospital medicine
5389:Surgical oncology
5374:Pediatric surgery
5368:
5315:Endocrine surgery
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5088:
5087:
5075:Dysfibrinogenemia
4959:Platelet function
4881:
4880:
4760:Purpura fulminans
4613:
4612:
4254:(26): 2592–2593.
4207:(26): 2519–2530.
4083:www.hemophilia.ca
4020:White GC (2010).
3985:(27): 1443–1447.
3831:978-1-59691-816-0
3802:978-0-307-78847-4
3664:(Suppl 1): S4–9.
3640:978-0-7817-1993-3
3525:N Engl J Med Surg
2919:Blood Transfusion
2680:www.nhlbi.nih.gov
2455:978-0-7020-2993-6
2364:(Suppl 3): 10–3.
2192:Blood Transfusion
2113:(10040): 187–97.
2075:. July 13, 2013.
1883:(10): 1546–1547.
1834:10.1586/ehm.12.13
1698:. July 13, 2013.
1605:978-1-4381-2095-9
1560:. July 13, 2013.
1480:. July 13, 2013.
1439:. July 13, 2013.
1261:, had a daughter
1259:Princess Beatrice
1241:Empress Alexandra
1183:Alfredo Pavlovsky
1020:American football
968:Contraindications
627:females are just
562:Adverse reactions
479:Internal bleeding
222:
221:
185:Diagnostic method
48:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6099:
6059:
6058:
6049:
6039:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6019:
6018:
5723:Medical genetics
5708:General practice
5585:Nuclear medicine
5460:Gastroenterology
5416:Vascular surgery
5366:
5293:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5244:
5181:Haemopericardium
4901:Thrombocytopenia
4897:
4890:
4846:Lowenberg's sign
4696:Clotting factors
4686:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4617:
4449:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4394:. 4 January 2023
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4302:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4041:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3927:
3925:10.1038/203312a0
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3852:. Archived from
3842:
3836:
3835:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3759:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3649:
3643:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3602:on 31 March 2009
3598:. Archived from
3592:
3586:
3585:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3548:
3516:
3510:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3335:
3329:
3316:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3185:. Archived from
3175:
3169:
3168:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3007:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2877:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2780:
2756:
2750:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2580:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2245:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2183:
2177:
2164:
2158:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2065:
2038:
2037:
2019:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1959:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1657:Douglas Harper.
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1589:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1470:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1429:
1245:Grigori Rasputin
1237:Tsar Nicholas II
1233:Tsarevich Alexei
1189:European royalty
1142:colour blindness
1138:John Conrad Otto
1111:
957:physical therapy
838:Clotting factors
724:During pregnancy
715:Before pregnancy
666:Prenatal testing
646:colour blindness
515:dental procedure
473:, but prolonged
467:prothrombin time
286:make blood clots
282:genetic disorder
274:
267:
257:
250:
237:American English
209:clotting factors
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
73:
51:
21:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6007:
5996:Chief physician
5929:
5874:
5863:
5857:Travel medicine
5842:Sports medicine
5825:Sexual medicine
5765:Palliative care
5760:Pain management
5704:Family medicine
5682:Diving medicine
5628:
5556:
5518:
5511:
5427:
5420:
5379:Plastic surgery
5325:General surgery
5305:Cardiac surgery
5286:
5284:
5276:
5271:
5241:
5232:
5206:Haemoperitoneum
5131:
5084:
5015:Clotting factor
5009:
4953:
4877:
4826:Bancroft's sign
4809:
4800:Virchow's triad
4771:
4721:Factor V Leiden
4677:
4654:
4644:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4565:
4564:
4460:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4248:N. Engl. J. Med
4245:
4244:
4240:
4201:N. Engl. J. Med
4194:
4193:
4189:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4019:
4018:
4014:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3859:
3857:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3824:. p. 121.
3815:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3795:. p. 532.
3786:
3785:
3781:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3628:Wayback Machine
3619:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3507:Wayback Machine
3498:
3494:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3391:Wayback Machine
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3346:Wayback Machine
3336:
3332:
3326:Wayback Machine
3317:
3313:
3307:Wayback Machine
3297:
3293:
3287:Wayback Machine
3278:
3269:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3145:N. Engl. J. Med
3142:
3141:
3137:
3108:N. Engl. J. Med
3100:
3099:
3095:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2875:10.1.1.684.7962
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2823:www.nlm.nih.gov
2817:
2816:
2812:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2748:Wayback Machine
2738:
2731:
2722:
2720:
2713:www.nlm.nih.gov
2707:
2706:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2656:. 17 April 2019
2650:"Amniocentesis"
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2568:
2559:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2295:Wayback Machine
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2255:Wayback Machine
2246:
2229:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2174:Wayback Machine
2165:
2161:
2155:Wayback Machine
2148:Types of Bleeds
2146:
2142:
2104:
2103:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2041:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1957:10.1.1.684.7962
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1591:
1590:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1414:
1387:
1351:
1346:
1303:
1297:
1279:
1271:Infante Gonzalo
1197:
1191:
1171:Friedrich Hopff
1118:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1092:
1065:quality of life
1060:life expectancy
1056:
1001:naproxen sodium
985:contraindicated
970:
939:Tranexamic acid
932:
840:
832:
805:parahaemophilia
774:parahaemophilia
758:
745:
726:
717:
705:
696:
658:Genetic testing
595:
527:
457:Characteristic
447:
369:parahaemophilia
229:British English
135:
96:
92:
49:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6105:
6103:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6074:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6033:
6023:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5934:Related topics
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5883:Medical school
5879:
5877:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5837:Sleep medicine
5834:
5833:
5832:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5650:Anesthesiology
5647:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5580:Neuroradiology
5577:
5566:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5517:Obstetrics and
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5401:
5399:Trauma surgery
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5362:Otolaryngology
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5290:
5288:subspecialties
5278:
5277:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5216:Haematosalpinx
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4918:Evans syndrome
4905:
4903:
4894:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Peabody's sign
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4743:Thrombocytosis
4740:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4597:
4586:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4551:
4540:
4523:
4515:
4500:
4481:
4461:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:Classification
4446:
4445:
4438:
4437:External links
4435:
4432:
4431:
4420:. 30 June 2023
4405:
4379:
4354:
4330:
4293:(3): 237–247.
4273:
4238:
4187:
4168:
4125:
4106:
4088:
4070:
4053:
4012:
3969:
3955:
3890:
3866:
3837:
3830:
3808:
3801:
3779:
3722:
3691:
3644:
3613:
3587:
3560:
3511:
3492:
3462:
3455:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3394:
3375:
3349:
3330:
3311:
3291:
3267:
3240:(4): 389–404.
3224:
3199:
3170:
3151:(6): 603–605.
3135:
3114:(6): 535–544.
3093:
3064:(3): 347–355.
3044:
3019:
2962:
2925:(4): 365–368.
2905:
2868:(6): 1114–20.
2852:
2839:
2810:
2751:
2729:
2697:
2667:
2641:
2630:. 20 July 2018
2615:
2605:
2566:
2541:
2506:(8): 895–902.
2486:
2461:
2454:
2436:
2415:
2391:
2348:
2299:
2280:
2270:
2259:
2227:
2178:
2159:
2140:
2090:
2039:
2010:(3): 398–407.
1987:
1950:(6): 1114–20.
1934:
1902:
1863:
1828:(2): 121–123.
1808:
1762:
1713:
1676:
1649:
1623:
1604:
1575:
1538:
1495:
1454:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1299:Main article:
1296:
1293:
1278:
1275:
1213:Queen Victoria
1193:Main article:
1190:
1187:
1117:
1114:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1055:
1052:
973:Anticoagulants
969:
966:
949:Pain medicines
931:
928:
857:preventive use
839:
836:
831:
828:
820:autoantibodies
757:
756:Classification
754:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
725:
722:
716:
713:
704:
701:
695:
692:
594:
591:
586:
585:
565:
559:
551:
537:
526:
523:
446:
443:
435:Ashkenazi Jews
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
134:
133:
89:
87:
83:
82:
75:
74:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6104:
6093:
6092:Rare diseases
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6062:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6034:
6032:
6024:
6022:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Public health
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5946:Allied health
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:Oral medicine
5753:
5751:
5750:Ophthalmology
5748:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Cytopathology
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5552:Urogynecology
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5455:Endocrinology
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5227:
5226:Haemarthrosis
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4841:Louvel's sign
4839:
4837:
4836:Lisker's sign
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:Thrombophilia
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4646:Disorders of
4641:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4224:10044/1/57163
4220:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4141:(4): 109–11.
4140:
4136:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4101:health.gov.ie
4098:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3910:(4942): 312.
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3891:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3856:on 2020-06-25
3855:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3742:(5954): 817.
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3723:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3456:9781451177695
3452:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3214:
3210:
3207:Research Cf.
3203:
3200:
3189:on 2019-07-25
3188:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:(6): 607–12.
1780:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:(4): 553–62.
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:haemophilia B
1359:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:. In Russia,
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:skateboarding
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
929:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
879:
878:factor VIII.
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
849:
844:
837:
835:
829:
827:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:haemophilia C
767:
766:haemophilia B
763:
762:haemophilia A
755:
753:
751:
742:
740:
734:
731:
730:
729:
723:
721:
714:
712:
709:
702:
700:
693:
691:
687:
685:
680:
678:
673:
671:
670:amniocentesis
667:
663:
659:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:X-chromosomes
603:
599:
592:
590:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
545:
544:haemarthrosis
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
530:
525:Complications
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:thrombin time
468:
463:
460:
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333:haemophilia B
330:
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325:haemophilia A
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5507:Rheumatology
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5342:Neurosurgery
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4668:coagulopathy
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567:
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487:joint spaces
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5830:Venereology
5775:Neonatology
5672:Dermatology
5527:Gynaecology
5519:gynaecology
5502:Pulmonology
5320:Eye surgery
5282:Specialties
5211:Haematocele
5176:Haemothorax
5151:Haemoptysis
5023:Haemophilia
4979:aggregation
4861:Rose's sign
4831:Homans sign
4663:Coagulation
4579:MedlinePlus
4135:Scott Med J
3570:Haemophilia
3213:www.fda.gov
3183:www.wfh.org
2660:10 February
2634:10 February
2583:Choices N.
2358:Haemophilia
1531:8 September
1488:8 September
1447:8 September
1330:hepatitis C
1146:John Dalton
1072:haemorrhage
1005:side effect
883:factor VIII
868:recombinant
848:intravenous
743:After birth
684:DNA testing
642:menorrhagia
638:lyonisation
511:soft tissue
483:joint bleed
408:human blood
396:fertilising
329:factor VIII
225:Haemophilia
165:Usual onset
146:Haematology
80:factor VIII
59:Other names
54:Haemophilia
6076:Categories
5803:Psychiatry
5789:(PM&R)
5782:Phlebology
5770:Pediatrics
5597:Anatomical
5562:Diagnostic
5542:Obstetrics
5492:Nephrology
5477:Hematology
5472:Geriatrics
5465:Hepatology
5450:Cardiology
5440:Immunology
5201:Haemobilia
4795:Thrombosis
4555:DiseasesDB
4388:"HEMGENIX"
4373:2022-08-03
4348:2022-08-03
4176:Picard A.
3884:2020-06-24
3860:2020-06-24
3413:2013-11-21
3368:2 December
3218:2018-12-10
3193:2018-12-10
3038:2021-02-10
2833:2016-06-21
2723:2016-06-21
2599:2017-01-01
2589:www.nhs.uk
2560:2022-12-19
2480:2022-05-16
2430:2021-10-02
2409:2022-01-21
2404:Genome.gov
1929:2022-11-13
1916:StatPearls
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1126:Maimonides
1048:basketball
961:emicizumab
872:antibodies
850:injection.
830:Management
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416:antibodies
353:antibodies
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5875:education
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5728:Narcology
5592:Pathology
5570:Radiology
5445:Angiology
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5110:Haematoma
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4590:eMedicine
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5274:Medicine
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4886:Bleeding
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