33:
244:
46:
257:
is an encrusting sponge that grows in a cushion with a diameter of 10–30 cm and a thickness of more than 1 cm. It is usually pale orange or pink but can also be a brighter red color. Its surface is covered in shallow, circular pits of varying sizes, the rims of which are usually a lighter
508:
due to the combination of chemicals and calcibacteria. The presence of the calcibacteria in the flesh of the sponge also decreases its nutritional content, possibly causing some herbivorous fishes to choose other prey.
395:
and all related sponges. However, even twenty years after the introduction of the new name, acceptance was not universal, with biologists in the 1950s still referring to the species as belonging to its previous genera.
532:
development lasting from around
September to October. These embryos develop at different rates over this period, and varying stages of embryos can be found in a single parent organism. Once they develop into
325:
in 1891. He argued that the strongyles were sufficiently similar to warrant inclusion. However, in specimens from other localities from the ones he studied these similarities were not present. Thus,
436:
as it is currently described may actually encompass two species. A 2017 paper argued that the shallow water
Mediterranean populations actually represent a separate species:
973:
999:
819:"Reproductive traits explain contrasting ecological features in sponges: The sympatric poecilosclerids Hemimycale columella and Crella elegans as examples"
432:
exist which have been studied this way: one found in shallow water and one in deeper water. The results of these phylogenetic analyses suggested that
947:
1102:
1025:
838:
1107:
1092:
934:
1064:
986:
908:
428:
of the same species which may be separated physically, behaviorally, or environmentally. Two distinct populations of
45:
1004:
528:. The development of new generations typically begins with the increase in water temperature over the summer, with
1097:
899:
358:
329:
required its own genus. The situation was complicated further in the 1890s, as the composition and identity of
32:
438:
421:
367:. This new name was not valid either, as the species had little in common with sponges previously placed in
243:
269:
861:
913:
500:
299:
140:
263:
1069:
773:
487:
417:
405:
504:
regularly consume sponges with only calcibacterial defenses, it has not been observed to prey upon
491:
273:
have characteristics similar to these. However, their color is slightly different, and the pits of
1056:
561:
675:
258:
color than the rest of the organism. Inside the pits are pores which are covered by a fine mesh.
162:
40:
385:. The new construction referenced the similarities in larvae between the species and members of
231:
117:
978:
1038:
921:
834:
799:
738:
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590:
463:
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781:
728:
718:
659:
621:
409:
316:
1012:
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387:
97:
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identical. Often, the most effective way to find these cryptic species is to analyze the
777:
537:, the young are dispersed with the rapid decrease in water temperature in late October.
733:
694:
353:
758:"Calcareous spherules produced by intracellular symbiotic bacteria protect the sponge
1086:
521:
459:
455:
222:
107:
679:
926:
620:. Vol. 3. London: Pub. for the Ray society by R. Hardwicke. pp. 243–244.
495:
446:, but does appear to lack styles entirely and is typically more brownish in color.
335:
321:
226:
818:
830:
333:
were brought into question. It was variously rejected entirely, synonymized with
1051:
991:
960:
893:
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425:
218:
87:
803:
671:
939:
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952:
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723:
312:
965:
785:
529:
77:
67:
855:
699:
species in the
Mediterranean and reveal the polyphyly of the genera
498:
which form a shield-like structure). While sea urchin species like
454:
The species is found attached to bedrock and boulders in silt-free
235:
and is widely distributed across the
Atlanto-Mediterranean region.
652:
Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom
534:
242:
1030:
294:
Because of its complex morphology, the taxonomical placement of
859:
339:, or retained as it was. At this point, the species was called
311:
in 1874, taking particular note of its "exceedingly abundant"
648:(Bowerbank): a short description and history of the species"
695:"Molecular phylogenies confirm the presence of two cryptic
442:. This new species has very few visible differences from
373:
Finally, in 1934, Maurice Burton proposed the novel name
693:
Uriz, Mari; Garate, Leire; Agell, Gemma (7 March 2017).
817:
Pérez-Porro, A.-R.; González, J.; Uriz, M. J. (2011),
825:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 315–330,
562:"description of Hemimycale columella - Crater sponge"
377:
as the generic for
Bowerbank's originally published
868:
298:has changed often since its original description.
762:from predation better than secondary metabolites"
591:"Hemimycale columella - Marine Life Encyclopedia"
756:Garate, L; Blanquer, A; Uriz, MJ (2015-03-16).
614:Bowerbank, J. O.; Norman, Alfred Merle (1864).
478:. There are numerous defensive mechanisms that
8:
416:that are not closely related but are nearly
490:(organic compounds which are excreted) and
391:, as well as the clear differences between
856:
31:
20:
793:
732:
722:
546:
247:A white and orange colored specimen of
474:Sea urchins are the main predators of
7:
637:
635:
617:A monograph of the British Spongiadæ
585:
583:
581:
556:
554:
552:
550:
404:Some sponges have an affinity for
14:
482:used to avoid or discourage this
707:(Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida)"
44:
823:Ancient Animals, New Challenges
412:, creating the possibility for
381:, creating the new combination
302:first described the species as
277:are more regular than those of
1103:Fauna of the Mediterranean Sea
766:Marine Ecology Progress Series
486:. The two primary methods are
361:to house the newly segregated
1:
831:10.1007/978-94-007-4688-6_26
566:www.european-marine-life.org
1124:
1108:Fauna of the British Isles
319:then moved the species to
1093:Sponges described in 1874
664:10.1017/s0025315400008808
408:when they occupy similar
217:, is a species of marine
168:
161:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
359:Max Walker de Laubenfels
351:, but in 1932 the genus
642:Forster, G. R. (1955).
439:Hemimycale mediterranea
422:molecular phylogenetics
626:10.5962/bhl.title.2038
261:The unrelated species
251:
501:Paracentrotus lividus
488:secondary metabolites
300:James Scott Bowerbank
270:Hymedesmia pauperatus
246:
16:Species of demosponge
900:Hemimycale columella
870:Hemimycale columella
760:Hemimycale columella
646:Hemimycale columella
518:Hemimycale columella
476:Hemimycale columella
430:Hemimycale columella
406:convergent evolution
383:Hemimycale columella
379:Desmacidon columella
348:Stylotella columella
327:Desmacidon columella
296:Hemimycale columella
255:Hemimycale columella
249:Hemimycale columella
210:Hemimycale columella
188:Stylotella columella
172:Desmacidon columella
150:Hemimycale columella
25:Hemimycale columella
778:2015MEPS..523...81G
524:and gives birth to
357:was resurrected by
199:de Laubenfels, 1932
724:10.7717/peerj.2958
595:www.habitas.org.uk
342:Stylinos columella
252:
180:Stylinos columella
1080:
1079:
1039:Open Tree of Life
862:Taxon identifiers
840:978-94-007-4687-9
786:10.3354/meps11196
464:Mediterranean Sea
458:areas around the
410:ecological niches
364:Prianos columella
206:
205:
196:Prianus columella
191:Lendenfield, 1895
132:H. columella
1115:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
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992:NBNSYS0000175722
982:
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917:
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639:
630:
629:
611:
605:
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587:
576:
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573:
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264:Phorbus fictitus
200:
192:
184:
176:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1098:Poecilosclerida
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1013:Observation.org
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864:
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816:
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755:
754:
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692:
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641:
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613:
612:
608:
599:
597:
589:
588:
579:
570:
568:
560:
559:
548:
543:
515:
472:
452:
418:morphologically
414:cryptic species
402:
292:
287:
241:
198:
190:
182:
175:Bowerbank, 1874
174:
157:
156:Bowerbank, 1874
154:
148:
135:
98:Poecilosclerida
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1084:
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1035:
1022:
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996:
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931:
918:
905:
890:
874:
872:
866:
865:
860:
852:
851:
839:
809:
748:
685:
658:(3): 553–557.
631:
606:
577:
545:
544:
542:
539:
526:live offspring
522:hermaphroditic
514:
511:
471:
468:
451:
448:
401:
398:
291:
288:
286:
283:
240:
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221:in the family
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55:
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531:
527:
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512:
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497:
496:endosymbiotes
493:
492:calcibacteria
489:
485:
481:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
460:British Isles
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
424:of different
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:Phylogenetics
399:
397:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
371:
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
355:
350:
349:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
317:Émile Topsent
314:
310:
309:
307:
301:
297:
289:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
265:
259:
256:
250:
245:
238:
236:
234:
233:
229:of the genus
228:
224:
223:Hymedesmiidae
220:
216:
215:crater sponge
212:
211:
197:
194:
189:
186:
183:Topsent, 1894
181:
178:
173:
170:
169:
167:
164:
160:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Hymedesmiidae
106:
103:
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59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
869:
844:, retrieved
822:
812:
795:10261/112692
769:
765:
759:
751:
714:
710:
704:
700:
696:
688:
655:
651:
645:
616:
609:
598:. Retrieved
594:
569:. Retrieved
565:
517:
516:
513:Reproduction
506:H. columella
505:
499:
480:H. columella
479:
475:
473:
453:
444:H. columella
443:
437:
434:H. columella
433:
429:
403:
393:H. columella
392:
386:
382:
378:
374:
372:
368:
363:
362:
352:
347:
346:
341:
340:
334:
330:
326:
320:
304:
303:
295:
293:
279:H. columella
278:
274:
268:
262:
260:
254:
253:
248:
230:
227:type species
225:. It is the
214:
209:
208:
207:
195:
187:
179:
171:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
88:Demospongiae
24:
18:
1052:SeaLifeBase
961:iNaturalist
894:Wikispecies
462:and in the
426:populations
239:Description
1087:Categories
846:2023-07-06
705:Hemimycale
697:Hemimycale
600:2023-07-10
571:2023-07-10
541:References
375:Hemimycale
336:Stylotella
306:Desmacidon
275:P. fititus
232:Hemimycale
219:demosponge
119:Hemimycale
804:0171-8630
772:: 81–92.
717:: e2958.
672:0025-3154
484:predation
308:columella
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
979:11250868
885:Q2211084
879:Wikidata
743:28286707
680:54492119
456:littoral
369:Prianos.
331:Stylinos
322:Stylinos
313:gemmules
285:Taxonomy
163:Synonyms
104:Family:
78:Porifera
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
953:2241501
774:Bibcode
734:5344016
470:Defense
450:Ecology
354:Prianos
290:History
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1070:133543
1057:129713
1044:776729
1031:133543
1018:187365
1005:942687
966:118727
914:243555
837:
802:
741:
731:
701:Crella
678:
670:
535:larvae
530:embryo
388:Mycale
213:, the
1065:WoRMS
974:IRMNG
940:53543
935:EUNIS
927:6LPB7
711:PeerJ
676:S2CID
1026:OBIS
1000:NCBI
948:GBIF
909:BOLD
835:ISBN
800:ISSN
739:PMID
703:and
668:ISSN
267:and
987:NBN
922:CoL
827:doi
790:hdl
782:doi
770:523
729:PMC
719:doi
660:doi
622:doi
520:is
345:or
1089::
1067::
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1041::
1028::
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989::
976::
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911::
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833:,
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798:.
788:.
780:.
768:.
764:.
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713:.
709:.
674:.
666:.
656:34
654:.
650:.
634:^
593:.
580:^
564:.
549:^
466:.
315:.
281:.
829::
806:.
792::
784::
776::
745:.
721::
715:5
682:.
662::
644:"
628:.
624::
603:.
574:.
494:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
