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nature of the joints, pegs, and complex wood-work symbolizes the structure of the house, and coincides with the principles taught in the Manual
Training School of their youth. The structure of the house is externalized, or exploded, rather than hidden in decoration. Each element of the structure asserts itself. This extravagance of support takes its origins from the elaborate
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was designed by
Charles Greene in 1919 and constructed at the intersection of Ocean Avenue and San Carlos Street in Carmel-by-the-Sea. The design generally resembles a bell tower of a California mission, the arch made of stone. A bronze bell was added in 1996 after Greene's death, which is suspended
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physician by this time, was very concerned with the need for sunlight and circulating fresh air; the importance of these elements was to become one of the signatures of the brothers' work. Charles and Henry each received a "certificate for completion of partial course", a special two-year program at
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The arched teak front door is held in by a frame of brickwork. The windows are arched bottle-glass openings. The walls are colored with a mixture of sand and combined into the plaster, as was done in the James House. Charles added patterns to the plaster from handmade woodblock stamps in the shape
467:. Dougong also has the practical application of protection from earthquakes, as the elasticity of multiple dougong has the ability to withstand seismic forces. These wooden brackets, often seen on the edges of roofing, are responsible for giving traditional Japanese buildings their signature look.
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provided an exemplary showcase of
Japanese architecture. One year later, Intrigued by the exhibit in Chicago, the Greene Brothers visited the Japanese hill and water Gardens at an exposition in San Francisco. The influence of Japanese design began popping up in the Greene Brothers projects after
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The
Greenes took on few commercial projects. Their attention to detail would not have been possible in a larger firm, or one that focused on commercial buildings as well as residential. The Greenes repeatedly turned down offers to construct buildings in downtown Los Angeles. The Greene brothers
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The structure of the Greene & Greene house is essential not only to the immense feeling of security that such an overly-supported structure brings, but also accentuates the importance of the Arts and Crafts fundamentals in the Greene & Greene style. The visual importance of the aesthetic
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Another technique derived from
Japanese Influence is the "cloud lift", an aesthetic derived from Chinese furniture which was often treated as minuscule architecture. A cloud lift is subtle elevation of a straight line for aesthetic purposes, and was used in many of the Greene Brothers works. The
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Greene supervised the construction of the granite house that took five years to complete. The house was later called "Seaward". The house was sold in 1999 to the
Searock LLC for $ 4,590,000 (equivalent to $ 8,395,134 in 2023).
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Charles used the studio as his personal workspace until his death in 1957. In 1965, it was saved from possible demolition by his children. The
Charles Sumner Greene Studio is listed on the Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources.
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in
Pasadena, generally considered one of the finest examples of residential architecture in the United States. In 1966, the Gamble family turned the house over to the city of Pasadena in a joint agreement with the
237:. This experience made a lasting impression on both of them, according to a late-in-life interview with Henry. There was actually very little Japanese influence upon their work until after Charles visited the 1904
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After 1901 the firm began developing the distinctive stylistic elements that finally came together as a cohesive whole in their grand works of 1907–1909. The
Greenes developed a personal idiom within the
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were masters in their area of domestic concentration for which, until the year of 1948, they received little acclaim. In 1948 they received citations from the
Pasadena Chapter of the
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In 1893 their parents requested that the sons move to Pasadena, where they had moved a year before. The brothers agreed and, while traveling by train from Boston, they stopped at the
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195:, in 1891. They studied classical building styles, intending at that time only to gain certification for apprenticeships with architecture and construction firms upon graduation.
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463:, one of the many building techniques on display at the expositions, is a building practice of interlocking wooden beams, showing exposed joinery which when painted, acted as
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In 1905 the Greenes began an association with Peter Hall as the primary contractor for their major commissions, and from 1907 with his brother John Hall, who ran a
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Charles Greene died on June 11, 1957, at age 89, in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. Henry Greene, at age 84, died on October 2, 1954, in Los Angeles, California.
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being the most prolific example, with cloud lifts on the windows, walls, cabinetry, chairs, doors, fireplace, and even multiple examples in the light fixtures.
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aesthetic, receiving commissions to design furnishings for their houses. Charles' sketches for the 1903 Mary Darling house were published in England in
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and from the national body in 1952 for creating a “new and native architecture.” In 1960, they were among the modern architects included in the book
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The architectural firm of Greene and Greene was established in Pasadena in January 1894, eventually culminating with the designs of their "
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style home and studio on Lincoln Street south of 13th Avenue in Carmel, from used brick he acquired from a demolished hotel in nearby
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National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: David Berry Gamble House / The gamble House Greene and Greene Library
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444:. On display, were formal works of the Japanese government in the form of the Ho-o-den exhibit, a scale replica of a temple in
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Charles Sumner and Henry Mather Greene were born in Brighton, Ohio, in 1868 and 1870, respectively. They grew up primarily in
772:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form, Green Gables (Country Residence of Mortimer Fleishhacker)"
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602:. He also used roof tiles leftover from the James House project. The exterior walls of the studio are set in a modified
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overlooking the water. Charles made watercolor sketches and architectural drawings for the house based on
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In 1901 Charles Greene married Alice Gordon White, and they honeymooned in Europe and her native England.
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The firm of Greene & Greene was officially dissolved in 1922 after Charles moved his family north to
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218:. Henry apprenticed first with the firm of Chamberlin & Austin and then briefly went to work with
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Charles Sumner Greene Collection, Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley
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Makinson, Randell. "Greene & Greene: Architecture as a Fine Art" Gibbs Smith, Publisher
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Makinson, Randell L., Heinz, Thomas A., Pitt, Brad; Greene & Greene: The Blacker House
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in 1916, at age 48. Henry remained in Pasadena, doing architecture projects on his own.
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798:"Greene & Greene Collection, Jennie A. Reeve House (Long Beach, Calif.): NODATE"
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Shop in old Pasadena is the only surviving commercial building by Greene and Greene.
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Cottages by the Sea, The Handmade Homes of Carmel, America's First Artist Community
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Greene & Greene Architectural Records and Papers Collection, ca. 1896-ca. 1963
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cloud lift is very prevalent in homes designed by the Greene brothers such as the
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Greene & Greene: Master Builders of the American Arts & Crafts Movement
214:. He would stay there until the two brothers departed to join their parents in
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Top: Charles Sumner Greene (1868–1957). Bottom: Henry Mather Greene (1870–1954)
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the same year, representing the first foreign publication of the firm's work.
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143:(January 23, 1870 – October 2, 1954), influential early 20th Century American
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Charles continued to do additions for various clients, including playwright
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Makinson, Randell L., "Greene & Greene: Furniture and Related Designs"
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Makinson, Randell, L.. "Greene & Greene: The Passion and the Legacy"
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678:"Charles Sumner Greene : Art, Architecture and the Creative Spirit"
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Enhanced Google Map of Existing Pasadena Greene & Greene Structures
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412:, where the chapter on the Greenes was written by Randell L. Makinson.
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How a Beloved Greene and Greene Hollywood Bungalow Ended up in Canada
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Charles Sumner Greene Finding Aid at the Online Archive of California
918:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 16–17.
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210:; and by the following November, he had changed again to the firm of
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After MIT in spring 1890, Charles apprenticed first with the firm of
1075:"Brad Pitt Pays $ 40 Million for Circa-1918 Coastal California Home"
948:"He didn't sell much china but received rave reviews in the theater"
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Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1908 and undated.
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As teenagers, the brothers studied at the Manual Training School of
1432:, vol. 37, no. 1 (published January 2009), pp. 66–69
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In 1923, Charles built the Charles S. Greene House and Studio, an
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Charles Greene's visit to St. Louis in 1904 where he attended the
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In 1911, the Greene's worked on one of their largest designs, the
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Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
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Smith, Bruce R. (January–February 2009), "California Dreaming",
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Paul, Linda Leigh (2000). "Charles S. Greene House and Studio".
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1442:—on restoring a bungalow with Greene and Greene-inspired style.
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Gibbs Smith, Publisher, Salt Lake City, Utah, 112 pages, 2004,
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Gibbs Smith, Publisher, Salt Lake City, Utah, 232 pages, 1998
1352:; 2000; Gibbs Smith Publisher, Salt Lake City, Utah,132 pages.
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Gibbs Smith, Publisher, Salt Lake City, Utah, 162 pages, 1979
1326:. Gibbs Smith, Publisher, Salt Lake City, Utah 96 pages, 2004
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United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service
744:"Architect Charles Sumner Greene Designed City's Memorial Arch"
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Images of The Gamble House - Masterwork of Greene & Greene
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from a timber beam almost certainly carved by Charles Greene.
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857:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Peregrine Smith, Inc. pp. 30–32.
752:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. October 27, 1966. p. 17
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In July, 2022 the house was purchased from Searock by actor
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shop producing their decorative arts and furniture designs.
202:; but after four and a half months, moved to the office of
538:) commissioned Charles to design a sandstone and granite
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Thorne-Thomsen, Kathleen, "Greene & Greene for Kids"
659:, "Greene and Greene" style furniture maker and designer
222:. All the firms the brothers worked for were located in
440:, on their westward journey, the brothers attended the
1228:. San Francisco, California. June 12, 1957. p. 22
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Seaward, the Carmel Highlands home of Daniel L. James
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1254:. Pasadena, California. October 3, 1954. p. 2
825:. By McCoy, Esther. New York: Praeger Publishers.
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534:In 1918, businessman D.L. James (father of writer
1467:Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives
1193:"Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources Database"
590:Charles Sumner Greene's Studio, Carmel-By-The-Sea
206:. By March 1891, he had moved again to work with
915:Historic Buildings of Downtown Carmel-by-the-Sea
1571:List of historic buildings in Carmel-by-the-Sea
1043:"A Kansad family gets a Green house by the sea"
885:"The Japanese Influence of Greene & Greene"
321:—were created for specific spaces in the home.
309:Two other landmark ultimate bungalows were the
1137:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. p. 206.
855:Greene & Greene Architecture as a Fine Art
1783:American Craftsman architecture in California
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1297:, Jeanette Thomas, Univ. of So. Calif. 1989,
1248:"Henry M. Green, Noted Architect, Dies at 84"
1222:"Charles S. Green, 89, Noted Architect, Dies"
872:. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 17.
8:
1392:Smith, Bruce R. & Vertikoff, Alexander.
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606:cross bond with stylized interior carvings.
175:while their father attended medical school.
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1585:Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch
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1054:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. p. 26
959:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. p. 26
575:Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch
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1310:, Salt Lake City, Utah, 284 pages, 1977
978:Dunne, John Gregory (December 12, 2015).
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542:-style house on a bluff he had bought in
1507:Duncan-Irwin House, Pasadena, California
1436:Martin, Clare, "Craftsman Combination",
1321:Makinson, Randell L., Heinz, Thomas A..
1013:"Late-Career Patrons: D. L. James House"
432:The Greene Brothers first impression of
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1753:Architecture firms of the United States
1177:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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442:World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago
171:, and on their mother's family farm in
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682:Calisphere, California Digital Library
233:in Chicago and saw a few examples of
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1788:Architects from Pasadena, California
1041:Neal Hotelling (November 15, 2019).
946:Neal Hotelling (November 22, 2019).
365:Los Cerritos, Long Beach, California
1778:Bungalow architecture in California
1323:Greene and Greene: Creating a Style
1073:Clarke, Katherine (July 25, 2022).
421:Gamble House (Pasadena, California)
1531:Archives & Special Collections
1453:Greene and Greene Digital Archives
582:Charles S. Greene House and Studio
302:. The Gamble House was declared a
180:Washington University in St. Louis
25:
1457:University of Southern California
381:traditional Japanese architecture
296:University of Southern California
157:American Arts and Crafts Movement
610:of flowers, leaves, and shells.
448:. The half scale replica of the
436:came during their relocation to
402:American Institute of Architects
151:, their houses and larger-scale
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1768:History of Pasadena, California
1378:Greene & Greene Masterworks
1202:. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
870:Greene & Greene Masterworks
703:Carolyn Pitts (July 13, 1977),
514:and in his later years studied
428:Chinese and Japanese Influences
815:Makinson, Randell L. (1975) .
1:
1758:American Craftsman architects
1477:Greene & Greene Biography
1102:"City of Carmel War Memorial"
497:Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
455:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
239:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
135:firm established by brothers
1641:Outlands in the Eighty Acres
544:Carmel Highlands, California
231:World's Columbian Exposition
912:Dramov, Alissandra (2019).
510:. Charles was a student of
345:Mortimer Fleishhacker House
272:Mortimer Fleishhacker House
220:Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
200:Andrews, Jaques and Rantoul
155:are prime exemplars of the
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1763:Arts and Crafts architects
1226:The San Francisco Examiner
853:Makinson, Randell (1977).
823:Five California Architects
406:Five California Architects
304:National Historic Landmark
1636:Mrs. Clinton Walker House
1590:Harrison Memorial Library
1523:January 18, 2017, at the
1518:Irwin-Hilliard Collection
1512:January 18, 2017, at the
1200:City Of Carmel-by-the-Sea
387:Obscurity and rediscovery
37:
1773:Arts and Crafts movement
1651:Tor House and Hawk Tower
1529:University of Louisville
419:Examples of cloud lifts
274:and estate (rear view),
1080:The Wall Street Journal
712:, National Park Service
632:Robert R. Blacker House
363:Jennie A. Reeve House,
311:Robert R. Blacker House
208:Herbert Langford Warren
147:. Active primarily in
1611:Carmel Art Association
642:Thomas Gould Jr. House
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423:Picture from Cullen328
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355:A structural explosion
300:School of Architecture
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868:Smith, Bruce (1998).
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512:Japanese architecture
434:Japanese Architecture
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235:Japanese architecture
212:Winslow and Wetherell
137:Charles Sumner Greene
98:Charles Sumner Greene
1252:Pasadena Independent
778:. September 26, 1986
508:Mortimer Fleishacker
450:Ho-o-den of ByĹŤdĹŤ-in
438:Pasadena, California
331:Academy Architecture
313:in Pasadena and the
289:", such as the 1908
261:Pasadena, California
216:Pasadena, California
818:"Greene and Greene"
569:War I Memorial Arch
204:R. Clipston Sturgis
169:St. Louis, Missouri
141:Henry Mather Greene
100:Henry Mather Greene
34:
18:Henry Mather Greene
1727:Frank Lloyd Wright
1722:Thomas Albert Work
1665:Designer/architect
1578:Downtown buildings
596:American Craftsman
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565:for $ 40,000,000.
536:Daniel Lewis James
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1682:Greene and Greene
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522:D. L. James House
226:, Massachusetts.
129:Greene and Greene
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16:(Redirected from
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1687:Henry Hill
1672:Dene Denny
1111:October 4,
664:References
446:Uji, Japan
280:California
149:California
145:architects
117:California
88:California
1487:Biography
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1170:ignored (
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563:Brad Pitt
306:in 1977.
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981:Crooning
716:June 22,
626:See also
548:Cornwall
516:Buddhism
465:ornament
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338:millwork
319:textiles
276:Woodside
248:Practice
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1493:website
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