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1040:, had originally been that any federation with the illiberal Boer republics would endanger the rights and franchise of the Cape's Black citizens, and was therefore unacceptable. The Cape government also opposed Carnarvon's confederation plans, perceiving them as an attempt to override the Cape's constitution and extend British imperial control over the whole of southern Africa, which as they saw it would lead to an outbreak of conflicts between the
1208:. Though conditions were grim, Frere managed to win the Boers' respect by promising to present their complaints to the British government, and to urge the fulfilment of the promises that had been made to them. The Boers did eventually disperse, on the very day upon which Frere received the telegram announcing the government's censure. On his return to Cape Town, he found that his achievement had been eclipsed—first by 1 June 1879 death of
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977:, advised that under current conditions confederation was ill-suited to and badly timed for Southern Africa. It would lead to a lop-sided confederation with resulting instability and resentment. He advised that full union status was a better model, but only at a later date and once it was economically viable.
1071:. Frere saw the dispute as an opportunity to annex Gcalekaland for the planned confederation. Frere also expressed concerns that the continued existence of independent African states posed in his words an ever-present threat of a "general and simultaneous rising of Kaffirdom against white civilization". The
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which unanimously decided on the use of Persio-Arabic Sindhi script with slight modifications. Frere not only gave Sindhi language one script but he even published different Sindhi books related to various streams of the literature, which encouraged impetus to Sindhi writers to move quickly with literacy.
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by D. P. O'Connor, examines details of Frere's life and motives more fully than was permissible in
Victorian times when Martineau was writing. In particular, O'Connor points to Frere as a leading thinker on imperial defence. He sets the Zulu war in the context of the overall global crisis, contingent
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strongly wished to avoid any war in southern Africa. Frere nonetheless used the delay in mail between London and Cape Town, to time his letters so as to circumvent the
Colonial Office's opposition to war. Frere then sent Cetshwayo an impossible ultimatum in December 1878, effectively declaring war.
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remained independent of
British control but Frere impressed upon the Colonial Office his opinion that if confederation was to succeed, Cetshwayo's forces had to be eliminated and Zululand annexed. While Carnarvon remained as Colonial Secretary in London the view had support but his replacement, Sir
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in place of
Persian in Sindh. The officers of Sindh were ordered to learn Sindhi compulsorily to enable them to carry on day-to-day work efficiently. A committee was constituted (1853) under Asst. Commissioner & Chief of Education Department, with an equal number of Hindu and Muslim members,
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However Frere soon encountered strong political resistance against the unpopular confederation project. In particular, the local Cape government took a non-interventionist approach towards the neighbouring Boer and Black
African states of southern Africa. It was also relatively liberal in its
1267:, had been under the nominal control of the Cape Colony since 1872. However the Cape government had allowed the Basotho leadership to keep much of their traditional authority and independence. As allies and trading partners of the Cape, the Basotho were also well-equipped with firearms.
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scheme, that was met with resistance by all the local groups involved. South
Africans resented the perceived high-handed manner in which it was being imposed from London with little accommodation and knowledge of, or concern for, local conditions and politics. Cape
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to demand that Frere be recalled. Beaconsfield supported him, however, and in a strange compromise he was censured but asked to stay on. Frere had severely underestimated the Zulus, whom he had characterized as "a bunch of savages armed with sticks."
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Dalzell. Dalzell stated "Sir H. B. E. Frere, not only as a mark of esteem and respect, but also because he always has been the enlightened encourager and promoter of scientific researches in India, and is himself a close observer of nature."
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was not new. It was seen as an easy way of uniting the region under
British control, while preventing any future attempt among the remaining independent African states to unite against British rule. However an earlier plan by Sir
1052:(something the Cape government was adamantly opposed to). The summary of Molteno's message was that "the proposals for confederation should emanate from the communities to be affected, and not be pressed upon them from outside."
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ministry. This unprecedented move solved his constitutional hindrances in the Cape, but was overshadowed by a growing set of conflicts across
Southern Africa and Lord Carnarvon's resignation in early 1878.
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1204:, Sir Bartle had been unable to give his undivided attention to the state of things in the Transvaal until April 1879, when he was at last able to visit a camp of about 4,000 disaffected Boers near
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Timing was a key factor in the ensuing events, as the different states of southern Africa were at the time still suspicious and resentful after the last bout of
British imperial expansion. The
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1567:. Frere was sent to South Africa to turn this vital area into a secure bastion on the route to India, but was distracted from the task by the routine instability of the South African theatre.
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The resulting war led to
British defeats such as that at Qalabani, and ended in 1881 with a stalemate and a treaty that favoured the Basotho. The rebellion is a primary reason why
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tribes. The Cape government viewed the dispute as a local police matter, but Frere immediately traveled to the frontier and declared war on the neighbouring independent state of
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992:. The various Black South African states were also suspicious of this new effort towards British expansion. The ill-advised policies of both Frere and his local ally,
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is now an independent country and not part of surrounding South Africa. At the same time as the Basuto Gun War broke out, unrest flared up once again among the
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It had begun in 1875, and by 1877 it was affecting the greater region. In September 1877, a minor tribal conflict erupted on the Cape frontier, between the
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410:(1877–1880), he implemented a set of policies which attempted to impose a British confederation on the region and which led to the overthrow of the
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At the time, the subcontinent was being afflicted by the worst drought in its recorded history and, as the historian De Kiewiet memorably said:
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Frere pushed "The Peace Protection Act" (1879), during the Xhosa Wars, and decreed that all those of African descent had to be disarmed. The
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Apples of the sun: being an account of the lives, vision, and achievements of the Molteno brothers, Edward Bartle Frere and Henry Anderson
1278:'s unpopular attempt to enforce this disarmament of the Basotho was aggravated by his setting aside of Basotho land for white settlement.
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735:. These services were fully recognized, as he received the thanks of both houses of Parliament and was made a Knight Commander of the
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for a federation of all the various colonies in South Africa had been rejected by the home authorities in 1858, as not being viable.
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Pro-imperialist cartoon showing Sir Bartle Frere vanquishing the "negrophilist" liberals of the Cape government, represented by MP
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Correspondence, Memoranda, and Minutes Connected with the Dismissal of the Late Ministry. Reprinted from the "Cape Times."
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domestic politics. Its formal response to Carnarvon's confederation model, conveyed to London via Frere's predecessor Sir
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Through Frere's elevation, Lord Carnarvon sought another attempt at implementing the ill-fated and locally unsupported
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led to the confirmation of the Boer Republics' independence and the final end of Carnarvon's confederation scheme.
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A Word from Holland on the Transvaal Question, a Reply to Sir Bartle Frere and an Appeal to the People of England
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1274:(1880) followed, as the Basothos rebelled at what they saw as a racist and high-handed ruling. Premier
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civil service in 1834. Having passed his language examination, he was appointed assistant collector at
1220:. Meanwhile, growing Boer resentment at Frere's policies erupted in December 1880 into the disastrous
1032:) government of the Cape Colony, which was by far the largest and most powerful polity in the region.
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Cetshwayo was unable to comply with Frere's ultimatum – even if he had wanted to; Frere ordered
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As the chief commissioner of Sindh, in 1851, Frere issued a decree making it compulsory to use
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Reader's Digest Association South Africa (1992). "Confederation from the Barrel of a Gun".
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to commemorate H. B. Frere. It is a monotypic plant genus known by a single species, viz.
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petitioned Gladstone to remove him, and the prime minister soon complied (1 August 1880).
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1093:
996:, ended up causing a string of wars across Southern Africa, culminating in the disastrous
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Cantonment was named after him circa 1865. His order to pull down the ramparts of the old
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1313:. The bridge was opened on 21 July 1880, shortly before Frere's departure from the Cape.
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Upon his return, Frere replied to the charges relating to his conduct with regard to
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originally had no intention of recalling Frere. In June, however, a section of the
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Frontiers: the epic of South Africa's creation and the tragedy of the Xhosa people
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After leaving the East India Company College Frere was appointed a writer in the
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was built in his honour. The city also named a road, street and town after him.
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638:
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Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
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What They Said, 1795–1910: A Selection of Documents from South African History
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1260:
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2392:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 206–207.
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The disaster of Isandlwana was compounded by the humiliating defeats of the
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to dismiss the Cape's elected government. He then asked his political ally,
981:
791:(1868), the first English-language field-collected book of Indian folklore.
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was commissioned in his honour. During Frere's administration his daughter,
763:, where he continued his policy of municipal improvements, establishing the
435:
1212:
in Zululand, and then by the news that the government of the Transvaal and
2146:
The Rise and Fall of Bartle Frere: Colonial Rule in India and South Africa
1664:"The History of Lake Fife, NDA & Burr and Frere Roads, Kirkee, Poona"
1317:
In 1880 Frere was recalled to London to face charges of misconduct. When
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1340:, then charged with having acted recklessly, and censured by Whitehall.
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and to whom he had been appointed private secretary two years earlier.
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1282:
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1068:
1064:
1057:"In South Africa, the heat of drought easily becomes the fever of war."
877:
719:, designed to provide public service. In 1857, he sent detachments to
542: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
115:
2083:
Sir Bartle Frere and His Times: A Study of His Bombay Years, 1862–1867
1509:
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988:, did not support confederation, and would successfully rebel in the
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715:'s "low and uniform" postal rates. This system became the basis for
2000:
Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Botany
1517:
For the South African anti-confederation view, see P. A. Molteno's
1092:
Frere appealed (February 1878) and received the authority from the
2373:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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458:, and Mary Ann Green. His elder sister, Mary Anne Frere, was born
1563:, which was widely expected to result in war between Britain and
952:
The idea of melding the states of southern Africa into a British
691:. Two years later he became a political resident at the court of
465:
in Clydach, and his younger sister, Frances Anne Frere, was born
680:
3103:
2572:
2199:'Only Connect': Learned Societies in Nineteenth-century Britain
1352:
as well as South Africa, previously referred to in Gladstone's
900:
Southern Africa in 1878, on the eve of the confederation wars,
2061:
The Life and Correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
1501:
The life and correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
1482:
The life and correspondence of the Right Hon. Sir Bartle Frere
511:
29:
2072:
The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno, K.C.M.G., Etc
614:
On 10 October 1844, he married Catherine Arthur, daughter of
418:
in 1878 and to a string of regional wars, culminating in the
1425:, is also named after him. (Frere Road was also the home of
1044:
and the remaining independent states in the region, such as
1998:
Dalzell, N. A. (June 1864). "A New Genus of Asclepiadeae".
1417:, Australia, is named after him, as is a boarding house at
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in 1835, and in 1842 he was chosen as private secretary to
3535:
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
1927:
1925:
1923:
434:, recalled Frere to London to face charges of misconduct;
3515:
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1460:
The botanist, N. A. Dalzell (1864) named the plant genus
1356:, and was preparing a fuller vindication when he died at
767:
at Pune, as well as a college for instructing Indians in
3565:
Members of the Council of the Governor General of India
1880:"The Martini-Henry Rifle and the Anglo-Zulu War, 1879"
1146:
began. On 11 January 1879, British troops crossed the
1024:
The new governor was initially welcomed by the local (
1754:
1752:
2188:
Blacks, Boers, and British, a Three-cornered Problem
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Rootsweb. 1871 census – Frere household in Wimbledon
938:
Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon
3194:
3144:
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Illustrated history of South Africa: the real story
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3530:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
2125:The Zulu and the Raj: The Life of Sir Bartle Frere
1556:The Zulu and the Raj; The Life of Sir Bartle Frere
1224:. The First Boer War, with the British defeats at
1192:The Zulu trouble, and disaffection brewing in the
1089:and a small force of regular and colonial troops.
856:. On 4 August 1873 he was sworn in as a member of
794:In 1867 he returned to England, where he was made
92:For the British barrister and colonial judge, see
1383:Frere was the founder and first president of the
438:officially censured Frere for acting recklessly.
3475:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
2039:A History of South Africa: Social & Economic
1900:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1401:'s Frere House is named after him. In 1888, the
27:British colonial Welsh administrator (1815–1884)
1445:also was named after him in the 19th century.
707:In 1850 he was appointed chief commissioner of
1947:p. 462: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
1546:The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1532:The Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1321:first came into office in the spring of 1880,
731:in order to secure those locations during the
3510:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
3407:State President of the South African Republic
3115:
2584:
1882:. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013
1771:Reader's Digest Association South Africa 1992
644:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie
398:administrator. He had a successful career in
8:
3555:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
3520:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
2310:. Reader's Digest Association South Africa.
1980:
1085:were defeated and annexed early in 1878, by
2361:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1702:"Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward (FRR874HB)"
1554:A more recent work on Bartle Frere's life,
872:to Egypt and India, with such success that
3122:
3108:
3100:
2591:
2577:
2569:
2431:
1818:
1585:. His portrayal in the film is negative.
1519:Life and Times of Sir John Charles Molteno
1154:was reported, and that was enough for the
372:Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, 1st Baronet
136:
100:
3525:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council
3480:British East India Company civil servants
876:asked him to choose between being made a
806:;. He was also appointed a member of the
602:Learn how and when to remove this message
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
3419:State President of the Orange Free State
2286:Fifty People who Stuffed Up South Africa
1931:
1914:
1830:
1794:
1650:
43:This article includes a list of general
3550:Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
2028:. Toronto: Linscott Publishing Company.
2025:Progress of South Africa in the Century
1968:
1956:
1842:
1782:
1758:
1611:
844:to negotiate a treaty with the sultan,
502:Haileybury and Imperial Service College
3389:Those in italics were Acting Governors
2330:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
2323:
1893:
1866:
1743:
1688:
1429:, the Nobel Prize-winning author). In
1150:; fourteen days later the disaster of
1008:Resistance from the Cape and the Xhosa
984:resented the recent annexation of the
454:, the son of Edward Frere, manager of
2508:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
1806:
1305:Remains of the Frere Bridge over the
927:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
892:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
408:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
253:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
7:
3485:British people of the Anglo-Zulu War
2414:Works by or about Henry Bartle Frere
1854:
1452:Memorial to Sir Bartle Frere in the
1117:Sir Henry Bartle Frere in the 1880s.
540:adding citations to reliable sources
394:(29 March 1815 – 29 May 1884) was a
1943:"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral"
1376:Henry Bartle Frere's statue on the
948:Attempt to federate Southern Africa
935:Secretary of State for the Colonies
759:in 1859, and in 1862 was appointed
651:(born c. 1850 in the East Indies);
472:in Clydach. He was the grandson of
2352:"Frere, Henry Bartle Edward"
2185:Statham, Francis Reginald (1881).
2012:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1864.tb01069.x
1720:"The London Gazette 5 August 1873"
798:, and given honorary degrees from
779:allowed the city to grow, and the
649:Georgina Hamilton Chichester Frere
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3431:Prime Minister of the Cape Colony
2238:Malherbe, Vertrees Canby (1971).
1413:(1622m), the highest mountain in
1360:on 29 May 1884. He was buried in
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3185:
3131:
2786:
2526:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
2366:
2358:Dictionary of National Biography
2101:Brooke-Simons, Phillida (1999).
2075:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1210:Napoleon Eugene, Prince Imperial
888:bestowed both honours upon him.
882:a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath
516:
34:
3570:Members of the Council of India
2164:Dorson, Richard Mercer (1999).
1441:(Now known as KwaBhaca) in the
1244:Outbreak of the Basotho Gun War
527:needs additional citations for
3490:Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
2423:Works by or about Bartle Frere
2384:Frere, Sir Henry Bartle Edward
2069:Molteno, Percy Alport (1900).
1109:Outbreak of Zulu and Boer Wars
868:. In 1875, he accompanied the
616:Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet
492:; and Temple Frere – canon of
1:
2034:De Kiewiet, Cornelius William
1668:noelsramblings.blogspot.co.za
1561:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1385:Royal Society of South Africa
848:, for the suppression of the
466:
459:
3545:People of the Basuto Gun War
3505:Governors of the Cape Colony
3495:Fellows of the Royal Society
3138:Governors of the Cape Colony
2196:Lubenow, William C. (2015).
2122:O'Connor, Damian P. (2002).
2047:Fruin, Robert Jacob (1881).
1121:The Zulu Kingdom under King
2561:Bartle Compton Arthur Frere
2167:History of British Folklore
1706:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1437:, is also named after him.
884:. He chose the former, but
653:Bartle Compton Arthur Frere
3586:
2601:Royal Geographical Society
2460:Jonathan Duncan Inverarity
2283:Parker, Alexander (2011).
2143:Thomas, Roy Digby (2009).
2042:. Oxford University Press.
1708:. University of Cambridge.
1632:. Accessed 8 January 2023.
1409:on the Thames embankment.
755:He became a member of the
661:Eliza Frederica Jane Frere
625:Their five children were:
498:East India Company College
360:East India Company College
195:Jonathan Duncan Inverarity
91:
3396:
3360:William Howley Goodenough
3183:
2784:
2557:
2544:
2531:
2524:
2514:
2501:
2493:
2483:
2474:
2466:
2456:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2345:. Murray & St. Leger.
1619:Rootsweb, Mary Anne Green
1336:. He was replaced by Sir
627:Mary Eliza Isabella Frere
496:. He was educated at the
406:(1862–1867). However, as
365:
306:
258:
207:
155:
144:
135:
94:Bartle Henry Temple Frere
18:Henry Bartle Edward Frere
2202:. Boydell & Brewer.
2170:. Taylor & Francis.
2058:Martineau, John (1895).
1575:Frere was played by Sir
1521:(2 vols., London 1900).
1498:Martineau, John (1895).
1479:Martineau, John (1895).
925:In 1877, Frere was made
822:Henry Bartle Frere, by '
416:first elected government
246:William Vesey-FitzGerald
3540:People from Abergavenny
3443:Prime Minister of Natal
2916:James Marshall-Cornwall
2504:Governor of Cape Colony
2389:Encyclopædia Britannica
2086:. Mittal Publications.
1595:Horniman Circle Gardens
920: Orange Free State
635:Catherine Frances Frere
64:more precise citations.
3378:Walter Hely-Hutchinson
3348:William Gordon Cameron
2487:Sir William Fitzgerald
2217:Mostert, Noël (1992).
2080:Ranade, Rekha (1990).
2053:. L. E. Bosch and son.
1457:
1423:Parktown, Johannesburg
1399:Karachi Grammar School
1380:
1314:
1257:
1236:and a decisive defeat
1189:
1174:
1118:
1021:
922:
833:
693:Raja Shahaji of Satara
452:Clydach, Monmouthshire
428:British Prime Minister
3264:Charles Henry Darling
2518:Sir Hercules Robinson
2405:Works by Bartle Frere
1541:Molteno, Percy Alport
1527:Molteno, Percy Alport
1451:
1375:
1304:
1251:
1183:Battle of Majuba Hill
1180:
1165:
1116:
1015:
899:
821:
717:India's postal system
703:Commissioner in Sindh
336:29 May 1884 (aged 69)
183:Richard Keith Pringle
3336:Henry Augustus Smyth
3288:Charles Craufurd Hay
3238:George Thomas Napier
3223:Galbraith Lowry Cole
2853:David George Hogarth
2839:Francis Younghusband
2450:Commissioner in Sind
2443:Robert Keith Pringle
2020:Theal, George McCall
1319:Gladstone's ministry
1168:Battle of Isandlwana
975:John Charles Molteno
933:by the London-based
929:and governor of the
633:, Gloucestershire);
551:"Henry Bartle Frere"
536:improve this article
420:invasion of Zululand
234:George Russell Clerk
150:Commissioner of Sind
106:The Right Honourable
3500:Governors of Bombay
3305:Henry Hugh Clifford
3228:Thomas Francis Wade
2665:William J. Hamilton
2637:William R. Hamilton
2435:Government offices
1917:, pp. 206–207.
1809:, pp. 402–403.
1362:St Paul's Cathedral
1354:Midlothian speeches
1256:King and ministers.
1128:Michael Hicks-Beach
771:. A 5-mile road in
500:, the precursor of
402:, rising to become
297:Henry Hugh Clifford
3299:Henry Bartle Frere
3243:Peregrine Maitland
3210:Rufane Shaw Donkin
3145:British occupation
2944:Gilbert Laithwaite
2867:William Goodenough
2825:Douglas Freshfield
2714:Roderick Murchison
2700:Roderick Murchison
2679:Roderick Murchison
2651:Roderick Murchison
2599:Presidents of the
2477:Governor of Bombay
2107:. Fernwood Press.
1724:The London Gazette
1458:
1411:Mount Bartle Frere
1381:
1315:
1276:John Gordon Sprigg
1258:
1190:
1175:
1119:
1098:John Gordon Sprigg
1022:
994:John Gordon Sprigg
923:
834:
761:Governor of Bombay
751:Governor of Bombay
689:Governor of Bombay
659:, Middlesex); and
637:(born 1849 in the
620:Governor of Bombay
490:James Hatley Frere
478:John Hookham Frere
446:Frere was born at
404:Governor of Bombay
202:Governor of Bombay
111:Henry Bartle Frere
3452:
3451:
3354:Hercules Robinson
3318:Hercules Robinson
3168:Henry George Grey
3159:Henry George Grey
3097:
3096:
2979:Michael John Wise
2958:Edward Shackleton
2930:Raymond Priestley
2735:Rutherford Alcock
2693:Frederick Beechey
2567:
2566:
2558:Succeeded by
2515:Succeeded by
2484:Succeeded by
2457:Succeeded by
2409:Project Gutenberg
2317:978-0-947008-90-1
2296:978-1-920137-33-5
2275:978-1-58648-677-8
2268:. PublicAffairs.
2251:978-0-623-00457-9
2244:. Maskew Miller.
2209:978-1-78327-046-0
2177:978-0-415-20476-7
2156:978-1-4490-3043-8
2135:978-1-903607-29-9
2114:978-1-874950-45-5
2093:978-81-7099-222-6
1378:Thames embankment
874:Lord Beaconsfield
846:Barghash bin Said
769:civil engineering
757:Viceroy's Council
737:Order of the Bath
725:Sir John Lawrence
697:formal annexation
685:Sir George Arthur
677:Bombay Presidency
663:(born c. 1857 in
655:(born c. 1855 in
612:
611:
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586:
494:Westminster Abbey
486:Bartholomew Frere
456:Clydach Ironworks
426:(1880–1881). The
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2494:Preceded by
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1504:. Vol. 2.
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1485:. Vol. 1.
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1427:Nadine Gordimer
1407:statue of Frere
1403:Prince of Wales
1370:
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1218:Garnet Wolseley
1136:Lord Chelmsford
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1087:Lord Chelmsford
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914: Transvaal
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870:Prince of Wales
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789:Old Deccan Days
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744:Sindhi language
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1535:. Vol. 1.
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1265:Basotho people
1263:, home of the
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1238:at Majuba Hill
1222:First Boer War
1187:First Boer War
1172:Anglo-Zulu War
1144:Anglo-Zulu War
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3060:Michael Palin
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3053:Gordon Conway
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3000:Roger Chorley
2997:
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2993:George Bishop
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2951:Edmund Irving
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2375:public domain
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2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:(29): 10–11.
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1981:O'Connor 2002
1977:
1974:
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1962:
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1950:
1946:
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1932:Chisholm 1911
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1915:Chisholm 1911
1911:
1908:
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1869:, p. 64.
1868:
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1832:
1831:Meredith 2008
1827:
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1795:Malherbe 1971
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1670:. 23 May 2015
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1651:Chisholm 1911
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1466:Frerea indica
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1327:Liberal party
1324:
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1234:Schuinshoogte
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972:
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966:confederation
962:
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954:Confederation
947:
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908:
898:
891:
889:
887:
883:
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875:
871:
867:
866:Isle of Wight
863:
862:Osborne House
859:
858:Privy Council
855:
851:
850:slave traffic
847:
843:
839:
836:In 1872, the
831:
830:
825:
820:
813:
811:
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797:
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782:
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748:
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738:
734:
733:Indian Mutiny
730:
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694:
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670:
668:
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646:
645:
641:, who edited
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570:
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563:
560:
556:
553: –
552:
548:
547:Find sources:
541:
537:
531:
530:
525:This section
523:
519:
514:
513:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:William Frere
479:
475:
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449:
448:Clydach House
441:
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326:Monmouthshire
323:
319:29 March 1815
318:
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59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3560:Frere family
3441:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3388:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3327:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3294:Henry Barkly
3286:
3274:
3262:
3227:
3215:
3208:
3177:Robert Meade
3176:
3172:John Cradock
3046:Neil Cossons
3031:21st century
2986:Vivian Fuchs
2937:Dudley Stamp
2923:Roger Nathan
2909:James Wordie
2895:Francis Rodd
2796:20th century
2727:
2608:19th century
2552:
2545:
2532:
2502:
2475:
2448:
2387:
2356:
2341:
2306:
2289:. Two Dogs.
2285:
2264:
2240:
2219:
2198:
2191:. Macmillan.
2187:
2166:
2145:
2128:. Able Pub.
2124:
2103:
2082:
2071:
2060:
2049:
2038:
2024:
2003:
1999:
1976:
1969:Dalzell 1864
1964:
1957:Lubenow 2015
1952:
1945:Sinclair, W.
1939:
1910:
1884:. Retrieved
1874:
1862:
1850:
1843:Mostert 1992
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1783:Mostert 1992
1778:
1766:
1759:Statham 1881
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1625:
1614:
1580:
1574:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1531:
1518:
1516:
1500:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1454:Cape Lantern
1443:Eastern Cape
1421:. A road in
1389:
1382:
1347:
1331:
1316:
1311:Aliwal North
1307:Orange River
1280:
1269:
1259:
1191:
1148:Tugela River
1133:
1120:
1100:, to form a
1091:
1077:
1056:
1054:
1038:Henry Barkly
1034:
1023:
1018:Saul Solomon
979:
963:
951:
924:
854:Frere Treaty
840:sent him to
835:
827:
793:
788:
787:, collected
754:
741:
713:Rowland Hill
706:
674:
660:
652:
648:
642:
624:
613:
598:
592:January 2023
589:
579:
572:
565:
558:
546:
534:Please help
529:verification
526:
445:
371:
370:
292:Succeeded by
285:Henry Barkly
260:
241:Succeeded by
209:
190:Succeeded by
157:
98:
76:
67:
48:
3470:1884 deaths
3465:1815 births
3270:George Grey
3253:Harry Smith
3154:David Baird
3067:Judith Rees
3021:John Palmer
2749:Henry Bruce
2728:Henry Frere
2630:John Barrow
1867:Parker 2011
1744:Thomas 2009
1689:Dorson 1999
1600:Mount Frere
1473:Biographies
1439:Mount Frere
1405:unveiled a
1350:Afghanistan
1230:Laing's Nek
1069:Gcalekaland
959:George Grey
931:Cape Colony
907:Cape Colony
829:Vanity Fair
777:Bombay Fort
667:, London).
639:East Indies
508:Family life
470: 1819
463: 1802
412:Cape Colony
346:Citizenship
279:Preceded by
228:Preceded by
178:Preceded by
62:introducing
3459:Categories
3342:Henry Loch
2555:1876–1884
2537:Granted by
2512:1877–1880
1991:References
1807:Theal 1902
1729:26 October
1577:John Mills
1456:newspaper.
1419:Haileybury
1415:Queensland
1391:Frere Hall
1261:Basutoland
1152:Isandlwana
1138:to invade
998:Anglo-Zulu
982:Afrikaners
785:Mary Frere
657:Paddington
647:in 1909);
562:newspapers
474:John Frere
442:Early life
355:Alma mater
45:references
3197:1814–1910
3147:1806–1814
3039:Ron Cooke
2972:John Hunt
2874:Percy Cox
2533:New title
2326:cite book
2223:. Knopf.
2064:. Murray.
1855:Anon 1878
1674:1 October
1582:Zulu Dawn
1510:2263/8556
1491:2263/8556
1368:Memorials
1358:Wimbledon
1202:Zulu wars
1194:Transvaal
1123:Cetshwayo
1050:Transvaal
1002:Boer Wars
986:Transvaal
804:Cambridge
699:in 1849.
665:Wimbledon
436:Whitehall
432:Gladstone
341:, England
265:1877–1880
261:In office
214:1862–1867
210:In office
162:1851–1859
158:In office
70:June 2023
2481:1862–67
2454:1851–59
2262:(2008).
2036:(1941).
2022:(1902).
1896:cite web
1886:18 March
1589:See also
1543:(1900).
1529:(1900).
1291:Transkei
1206:Pretoria
1140:Zululand
1080:Transkei
1048:and the
1046:Zululand
1030:Merriman
942:dominion
842:Zanzibar
273:Victoria
222:Victoria
171:Victoria
2547:Baronet
2425:at the
2416:at the
2377::
1559:on the
1435:Mombasa
1395:Karachi
1289:of the
1283:Lesotho
1254:Basotho
1065:Gcaleka
1026:Molteno
878:baronet
864:on the
739:(KCB).
727:in the
723:and to
576:scholar
349:British
328:, Wales
322:Clydach
270:Monarch
219:Monarch
167:Monarch
58:improve
2371:
2314:
2293:
2272:
2248:
2227:
2206:
2174:
2153:
2132:
2111:
2090:
1565:Russia
1462:Frerea
1431:Durban
1387:1877.
1297:Recall
1102:puppet
1061:Mfengu
918:
912:
905:
903:
852:, the
832:, 1873
814:Africa
800:Oxford
773:Kirkee
729:Punjab
721:Multan
631:Bitton
578:
571:
564:
557:
549:
301:acting
47:, but
1606:Notes
1344:Death
1287:Xhosa
1214:Natal
1198:Boers
1083:Xhosa
826:' in
709:Sindh
681:Poona
671:India
583:JSTOR
569:books
400:India
389:
387:,
382:
380:,
126:
122:
118:
2332:link
2312:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2109:ISBN
2088:ISBN
1902:link
1888:2013
1731:2022
1676:2017
1252:The
1181:The
1166:The
1078:The
1063:and
1000:and
802:and
796:GCSI
555:news
384:GCSI
333:Died
316:Born
283:Sir
232:Sir
124:GCSI
2407:at
2386:".
2008:doi
1579:in
1506:hdl
1487:hdl
1393:in
1309:at
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120:GCB
108:Sir
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460:c.
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324:,
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116:Bt
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2320:.
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2278:.
2254:.
2233:.
2212:.
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2117:.
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2014:.
2010::
2004:8
1983:.
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1904:)
1890:.
1857:.
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1833:.
1797:.
1761:.
1733:.
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1512:.
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1493:.
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1020:.
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599:(
594:)
590:(
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566:·
559:·
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77:(
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68:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
