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649:, he devoted himself to cuneiform studies, and in 1847 he was able to send to Europe a full and accurate transcript of the Behistun inscription, which he was also successful in deciphering and interpreting. Having collected a large amount of antiquarian and geographical information in the pursuit of various explorations, including visits with Sir
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and
Babylonian excavations. In 1851, he returned to Baghdad, where his archaeological finds contributed greatly to the final decipherment and interpretation of the cuneiform character. Rawlinson's greatest contribution was the discovery that individual cuneiform signs had multiple readings depending
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The
Discoverer of the key to the Ancient Persian, Babylonian, and Assyrian Inscriptions in the Cuneiform character. The Author of various papers on the philology, antiquities, and Geography of Mesopotamia and Central Asia. Eminent as a
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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Rawlinson, H. C. (1848). "The
Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun, Decyphered and Translated; With a Memoir on Persian Cuneiform Inscriptions in General, and on That of Behistun in Particular".
700:
An equestrian accident in 1855 hastened his determination to return to
England, and in that year, he resigned his post in the East India Company. Prior to his return, Rawlinson was involved in the
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2013:
910:(1875). He also made a variety of minor contributions to the publications of learned societies. He contributed articles on Baghdad, the Euphrates and Kurdistan to the ninth edition of the
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The remaining forty years of his life were full of activity (political, diplomatic and scientific) and were spent mainly in London. From
February to September 1858, he sat as
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2018:
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Rawlinson's published works include four volumes of cuneiform inscriptions, published under his direction between 1870 and 1884 by the trustees of the
British Museum;
734:. He left again in 1859, when he was sent to Persia as envoy plenipotentiary, but returned after a year owing to his dissatisfaction with the position. He was MP for
1681:
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1133:
Namio Egami, "The Report of The Japan
Mission For The Survey of Under-Water Antiquities At Qurnah: The First Season," (1971–72), 1-45, also see footnote 6 and 7,
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society. Vol. 10. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. 400+ – via
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Remaining at home for two years, in 1851 he published his memoir on the
Behistun inscription and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. The
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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portion of the text. With his knowledge of Old Persian, he set about deciphering the Elamite and Babylonian sections.
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between 522 and 486 BC. Standing on a shaky ladder, Rawlinson was the first Westerner to transcribe the
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Larsen, M.T. (1996). The Conquest of Assyria: Excavations in an Antique Land (1st ed.). Routledge.
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Goldsmid, Frederic J. (1895). "Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Bart., G. C. B., etc".
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A chance encounter with the governor-general resulted in his appointment as political agent in
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from 1865 to 1868, and again served on the Council of India from 1868 until his death.
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He married Louisa Caroline Harcourt Seymour, daughter of Jane (née Hopkinson) and
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He was a trustee of the British Museum from 1876 to his death. He was appointed a
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Rawlinson began to study Persian inscriptions, more particularly those in the
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1194:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 928–929.
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Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
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to ship over 200 cases of antiquities to Europe, which were mostly lost at
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
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Rawlinson was one of the most important figures arguing that Britain must
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Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon
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Empires of the Plain: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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from 1869 to 1871 and 1878 to 1881; and received honorary degrees at
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antiquities, and made him a considerable grant to continue Layard's
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in company with other British officers to drill and reorganize the
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in 1840, serving for three years. In 1844, for his service to the
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Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Babylon and Assyria
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Harari, Y.N. (2015). "15. The Marriage of Science and Empire".
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https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/8/0/8_0_1/_pdf
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36:
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Rawlinson was born on 5 April 1810 at the place now known as
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The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun, Deciphered...
898:(1852), both reprinted from the Asiatic Society's journals;
27:
British army officer, politician and Orientalist (1810–1895)
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On his return to England, he received the distinction of
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British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War
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A Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
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character, which had been only partially deciphered by
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on their context. Rawlinson worked with the younger
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855:, on 2 September 1862, with whom he had two sons:
796:(which occurred, and the regions are now parts of
564:, ended in the departure of the British officers.
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2014:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
768:in South Asia. He was a strong advocate of the
715:, and he was appointed a crown director of the
2089:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
101:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1448:
1237:. London: Longmans, Green and Co – via
892:The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun
730:, and he was appointed a member of the first
8:
2084:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
2054:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
420:Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Medal
2034:Directors of the British East India Company
822:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
676:took custody of his valuable collection of
619:Rawlinson was appointed political agent at
548:. In 1827, having become proficient in the
426:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
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800:) and warned that it would invade Persia (
493:Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, 1st Baronet
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113:{{Translated|ru|Роулинсон, Генри Кресвик}}
713:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
30:For other people with similar names, see
2019:British East India Company Army officers
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2079:Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
1113:. New York: Counterpoint. p. 154.
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904:Notes on the Early History of Babylonia
750:"Our Eastern Policy", a caricature by "
516:, sometimes described as the Father of
2074:People from West Oxfordshire District
1011:Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
579:. For two years from 1836, he was in
7:
508:(5 April 1810 – 5 March 1895) was a
2099:Military personnel from Oxfordshire
2004:19th-century British Army personnel
1979:19th-century British archaeologists
1380:Henry Rawlinson (Sir), 1st Baronet
25:
896:Outline of the History of Assyria
828:in 1891; he was president of the
2134:British people of the Great Game
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1373:
1332:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1251:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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776:and counselled the retention of
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293:February – October 1858
281:Member of Parliament for Reigate
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32:Henry Rawlinson (disambiguation)
2069:Middle Eastern studies scholars
2059:Members of the Council of India
1060:"Library and Archive Catalogue"
631:, he was made Companion of the
2104:Trustees of the British Museum
1186:Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke
908:England and Russia in the East
664:in February 1850, praised as "
512:army officer, politician, and
233:Member of Parliament for Frome
111:You may also add the template
1:
2029:Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
832:from 1874 to 1875 and of the
2094:Translators from Old Persian
2049:Fellows of the Royal Society
1984:19th-century English writers
2009:British Army major generals
742:Attitudes concerning Russia
662:Fellow of the Royal Society
587:, near the great cuneiform
528:Early life and army service
124:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2150:
1465:Royal Geographical Society
1231:Rawlinson, George (1898).
830:Royal Geographical Society
591:, written in Old Persian,
510:British East India Company
407:British East India Company
376:Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey
188:Royal Geographical Society
75:Machine translation, like
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18:Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
1989:19th-century translators
983:The Geographical Journal
784:would attack and absorb
702:ill-fated French mission
1780:James Marshall-Cornwall
1393:Adkins, Lesley (2003).
1210:Adkins, Lesley (2003).
1191:Encyclopædia Britannica
912:Encyclopædia Britannica
824:in 1889, and created a
766:check Russian ambitions
697:at the British Museum.
589:inscription at Behistun
122:For more guidance, see
2039:English Assyriologists
1974:19th-century Anglicans
924:by his brother, Canon
887:
761:
481:First Anglo-Afghan War
1152:10.4324/9781315862859
883:Rawlinson's grave at
882:
834:Royal Asiatic Society
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627:in the course of the
95:copyright attribution
2044:English philologists
1717:David George Hogarth
1703:Francis Younghusband
1382:at Wikimedia Commons
1304:Member of Parliament
1267:Member of Parliament
724:Member of Parliament
201:1871–1873; 1874–1876
1529:William J. Hamilton
1501:William R. Hamilton
1062:. The Royal Society
1049:, pp. 928–929.
808:as springboards to
651:Austen Henry Layard
1808:Gilbert Laithwaite
1731:William Goodenough
1689:Douglas Freshfield
1578:Roderick Murchison
1564:Roderick Murchison
1543:Roderick Murchison
1515:Roderick Murchison
1463:Presidents of the
1401:Thomas Dunns Books
1349:(of North Walsham)
1297:Lord Edward Thynne
888:
885:Brookwood Cemetery
865:Brookwood Cemetery
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717:East India Company
262:Lord Edward Thynne
213:Roderick Murchison
103:interlanguage link
2119:Victorian writers
1961:
1960:
1843:Michael John Wise
1822:Edward Shackleton
1794:Raymond Priestley
1599:Rutherford Alcock
1557:Frederick Beechey
1403:. pp. 440+.
1378:Media related to
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1356:Succeeded by
1321:Succeeded by
1284:Succeeded by
1260:William Hackblock
1223:978-0-00-712899-0
1216:. HarperCollins.
1120:978-1-58243-028-7
1021:978-0-06-231610-3
1014:. HarperCollins.
780:. He argued that
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633:Order of the Bath
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186:President of the
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52:You can help
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19:
1910:Neil Cossons
1895:21st century
1850:Vivian Fuchs
1801:Dudley Stamp
1787:Roger Nathan
1773:James Wordie
1759:Francis Rodd
1660:20th century
1584:
1472:19th century
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1339:New creation
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1280:October 1858
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1212:
1198:
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1129:
1109:
1064:. Retrieved
1054:
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906:(1854); and
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695:George Smith
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577:Saint-Martin
566:
531:
492:
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461:British Army
360:(1895-03-05)
358:5 March 1895
345:5 April 1810
311:Succeeded by
288:
269:Succeeded by
240:
220:Succeeded by
196:
136:
99:edit summary
90:
61:
53:
1999:1895 deaths
1994:1810 births
1931:Judith Rees
1885:John Palmer
1613:Henry Bruce
1592:Henry Frere
1494:John Barrow
1203:1803–2005:
806:Afghanistan
774:Afghanistan
760:, July 1873
757:Vanity Fair
609:Old Persian
583:in western
538:Oxfordshire
534:Chadlington
518:Assyriology
514:Orientalist
348:Chadlington
299:Preceded by
257:Preceded by
226:Henry Frere
207:Preceded by
63:(July 2024)
1968:Categories
1353:1891–1895
968:References
816:Later life
798:Uzbekistan
678:Babylonian
629:Afghan War
597:Babylonian
581:Kermanshah
441:Allegiance
341:1810-04-05
58:in Russian
1903:Ron Cooke
1836:John Hunt
1738:Percy Cox
1066:4 October
952:0035-869X
946:: i–349.
922:Herodotus
846:Edinburgh
842:Cambridge
706:Al-Qurnah
686:Sassanian
573:Grotefend
569:cuneiform
398:(brother)
392:Relatives
367:, England
350:, England
289:In office
241:In office
197:In office
117:talk page
960:25581217
902:(1850);
778:Kandahar
690:Assyrian
667:Scholar"
621:Kandahar
601:Akkadian
403:Employer
93:provide
2129:Nineveh
1345:Baronet
1271:Reigate
1200:Hansard
1179::
1161:Sources
995:1773861
826:baronet
790:Bokhara
786:Khokand
728:Reigate
682:Sabaean
655:Nineveh
647:Baghdad
640:Ottoman
593:Elamite
542:England
115:to the
97:in the
60:.
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869:Surrey
861:Alfred
844:, and
838:Oxford
804:) and
643:Arabia
595:, and
554:Persia
457:Branch
450:
428:(1889)
422:(1840)
413:Awards
1308:Frome
991:JSTOR
956:JSTOR
932:Works
857:Henry
794:Khiva
736:Frome
603:) by
550:Farsi
522:Henry
500:
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1317:1868
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1306:for
1269:for
1218:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1068:2010
1016:ISBN
948:ISSN
859:and
802:Iran
792:and
726:for
684:and
585:Iran
575:and
558:Shah
477:Wars
467:Rank
355:Died
331:Born
250:1868
246:1865
224:Sir
211:Sir
91:must
89:You
1188:".
1148:doi
920:of
867:in
772:in
752:Spy
506:KLS
502:FRS
498:GCB
165:KLS
161:FRS
157:GCB
144:Sir
79:or
1970::
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1137:.
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1024:.
997:.
987:5
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339:(
248:–
126:.
119:.
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20:)
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