51:
284:(I to IV) into more specific classes, given letters from A to N. Also, the letter O was used for stars whose spectra consisted mainly of bright lines, the letter P for planetary nebulae, and the letter Q for spectra not fitting into any of the classes A through P. No star of type N appeared in the catalogue, and the only star of type O was the
297:
and
Pickering published a more detailed study of the spectra of bright stars in the northern hemisphere in 1897. Maury used classifications numbered from I to XXII; groups I to XX corresponded to subdivisions of the Draper Catalogue types B, A, F, G, K, and M, while XXI and XXII corresponded to the
336:
catalogs for 225,300 stars. The classification scheme used was similar to that used in Cannon's 1901 work, except that types such as B, A, B5A, F2G, and so on, had been changed to B0, A0, B5, F2, and so on. As well as the classes O through M, P was used for nebulae and R and N for
321:, but dropped all letters except O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, used in that order, as well as P for planetary nebulae and Q for some peculiar spectra. She also used types such as B5A for stars halfway between types B and A, F2G for stars one-fifth of the way from F to G, and so forth.
489:
Nesterov, V. V.; Kuzmin, A. V.; Ashimbaeva, N. T.; Volchkov, A. A.; Röser, S.; Bastian, U. (1995). "The Henry Draper
Extension Charts: A catalogue of accurate positions, proper motions, magnitudes and spectral types of 86933 stars".
391:
as bright as the faintest stars visible with the naked eye). The extensions contain stars as faint as the 11th magnitude selected from certain regions of the sky. Stars in the original catalogue are numbered from 1 to 225300 (prefix
176:, became interested in Pickering's research and agreed to fund it under the name Henry Draper Memorial. Pickering and his coworkers then began to take an objective-prism survey of the sky and to classify the resulting spectra.
1289:: A catalogue of accurate positions, proper motions, magnitudes and spectral types of 86933 stars, V. V. Nesterov, A. V. Kuzmin, N. T. Ashimbaeva, A. A. Volchkov, S. Roeser, and U. Bastian,
352:(the first portion of these charts was published in 1937.) These charts also contained some classifications by Margaret Walton Mayall, who supervised the work after Cannon's death.
344:
Pickering died on
February 3, 1919, leaving 6 volumes to be overseen by Cannon. Cannon found spectral classifications for 46,850 fainter stars in selected regions of the sky in the
328:
itself started in 1911. From 1912 to 1915, Cannon and her coworkers classified spectra at the rate of approximately 5,000 per month. The catalogue was published in 9 volumes of the
466:
into a machine-readable format was more difficult, but this task was eventually completed by 1995 by
Nesterov, Röser and their coworkers, and the charts are now available at
828:
Cannon, Annie J.; Pickering, Edward C. (1901). "Spectra of bright southern stars photographed with the 13-inch Boyden telescope as part of the Henry Draper
Memorial".
276:, published in 1890. This catalogue contained spectroscopic classifications for 10,351 stars, mostly north of declination −25°. Most of the classification was done by
1290:
1275:
1260:
1233:
507:
455:
348:, published in six parts between 1925 and 1936. She continued classifying stars until her death in 1941. Most of these classifications were published in 1949 in the
117:), published from 1937 to 1949 in the form of charts, which gave classifications for 86,933 more stars. In all, 359,083 stars were classified as of August 2017.
54:
777:
Maury, Antonia C.; Pickering, Edward C. (1897). "Spectra of bright stars photographed with the 11-inch Draper
Telescope as part of the Henry Draper Memorial".
749:
Pickering, Edward C. (1890). "The Draper
Catalogue of stellar spectra photographed with the 8-inch Bache telescope as a part of the Henry Draper memorial".
1310:
1315:
298:
Draper
Catalogue types N and O. She was the first to place B stars in their current position, prior to A stars, in the spectral classification.
1169:
1066:
687:
631:
592:
132:
was part of a pioneering effort to classify stellar spectra, and its catalogue numbers are commonly used as a way of identifying stars.
332:
between 1918 and 1924. It contains rough positions, magnitudes, spectral classifications, and, where possible, cross-references to the
558:
1212:
165:
416:
may be used regardless as its use produces no ambiguity. Many stars are customarily identified by their HD numbers.
674:
Women in
Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century: a Biographical Dictionary with Annotated Bibliography
431:
161:
439:
173:
360:
125:
94:
160:
in 1872. He took over a hundred more photographs of stellar spectra before his death in 1882. In 1885,
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Between 1910 and 1915, new discoveries increased interest in stellar classification, and work on the
285:
128:
of about 9; the extensions added fainter stars in certain areas of the sky. The construction of the
310:
1161:
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1006:
992:
978:
964:
950:
936:
922:
908:
412:). However, as the numbering is continuous throughout the catalog and its extensions, the prefix
372:
277:
107:), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the
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1165:
1062:
683:
627:
623:
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1082:
Cannon, Annie Jump; Shapley, Harlow (1937). "The Henry Draper charts of stellar spectra".
397:
169:
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124:, an amateur astronomer, and covers the entire sky almost completely down to an apparent
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17:
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294:
91:
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Cannon, Annie J.; Mayall, Margaret Walton (1949). "The Henry Draper extension. II".
1053:
The
Analysis of Starlight: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Astronomical Spectroscopy
672:
611:
566:
145:
121:
41:
1279:
1237:
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408:), and stars from the extension charts are numbered from 272151 to 359083 (prefix
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648:
511:
355:
The catalogue and its extensions were the first large-scale attempt to catalogue
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1900.0. Stars in the first extension are numbered from 225301 to 272150 (prefix
338:
301:
In 1890, the Harvard College Observatory constructed an observation station in
459:
891:
Cannon, Annie J.; Pickering, Edward C. (1918). "The Henry Draper Catalogue".
84:
313:, and a study of bright stars in the southern hemisphere was published by
50:
1210:
Astronomical Data Center CD-ROM: Selected Astronomical Catalogs, Volume 3
1156:
From Dust to Stars: Studies of the Formation and Early Evolution of Stars
302:
149:
1232:
Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension, A. J. Cannon and E. C. Pickering,
288:
280:. The classification scheme used was to subdivide the previously used
63:
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467:
451:
435:
144:
dates back to the earliest photographic studies of stellar spectra.
1200:
See p. 2, Cannon and Shapley 1937 and p. 369, Nesterov et al. 1995.
462:
as catalogue number III/135A. Because of their format, putting the
371:
Stars contained in the main portion of the catalogue are of medium
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428:
306:
157:
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and its extensions are available on line free of charge at the
649:"On the Henry Draper Memorial Photographs of Stellar Spectra"
559:"HD (S0): HENRY DRAPER star catalog, edition 1985 (19930406)"
317:
and Pickering in 1901. Cannon used the lettered types of the
180:
Classifications in the Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
585:
Measuring the Universe: The Cosmological Distance Ladder
528:
Cannon, Annie. J. (1936). "The Henry Draper extension".
703:
Cannon, Annie J. (1915). "The Henry Draper Memorial".
363:
scheme of stellar spectra which is still used today.
622:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.
705:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
37:
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671:
653:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
164:began to supervise photographic spectroscopy at
97:for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the
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803:
1261:Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
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8:
492:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
32:
1035:, pp. 121–122, 128, 133–134; also see
458:(French for "Astronomical Data Center") at
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565:. Willmann-Bell, Inc. 1996. Archived from
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396:) and are numbered in order of increasing
359:of stars, and its construction led to the
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732:
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618:Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction
178:
90:published between 1918 and 1924, giving
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1223:. Accessed on line September 11, 2008.
1057:. Cambridge University Press. p.
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578:
576:
553:
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244:Wolf–Rayet spectra with bright lines.
148:made the first photograph of a star's
31:
1127:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
1084:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
893:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
830:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
779:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
751:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
530:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
523:
521:
330:Annals of Harvard College Observatory
7:
1274:, A. J. Cannon and E. C. Pickering,
272:A first result of this work was the
319:Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
274:Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra
25:
614:; Gallagher, John S. III (2007).
309:in order to study the sky in the
233:Did not appear in the catalogue.
172:method. In 1886, Draper's widow,
1311:Astronomical catalogues of stars
670:Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986).
120:The HD catalogue is named after
49:
456:Centre de Données astronomiques
1316:Henry Draper Catalogue objects
1191:, accessed September 12, 2008.
1189:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1:
1287:Henry Draper Extension Charts
470:as catalogue number III/182.
464:Henry Draper Extension Charts
350:Henry Draper Extension Charts
110:Henry Draper Extension Charts
1219:, Astronomical Data Center,
1039:, vol. 1, pp. 5–11
1152:Schulz, Norbert S. (2005).
1037:Cannon & Pickering 1918
857:, pp. 110–111, 117–118
166:Harvard College Observatory
27:Astronomical star catalogue
1352:
804:Maury & Pickering 1897
767:See in particular pp. 1–2.
647:Barker, George F. (1887).
1109:Cannon & Shapley 1937
1049:Hearnshaw, J. B. (1986).
587:. Springer. p. 327.
375:, down to about 9 (about
202:Hydrogen lines dominant.
60:
47:
432:Astronomical Data Center
427:were available from the
55:Related media on Commons
504:1995A&AS..110..367N
450:are available from the
440:astronomical catalogues
434:as part of their third
210:E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L
174:Mary Anna Palmer Draper
1268:Henry Draper Catalogue
1253:Henry Draper Catalogue
583:Webb, Stephen (1999).
421:Henry Draper Catalogue
367:Availability and usage
361:Harvard classification
346:Henry Draper Extension
326:Henry Draper Catalogue
142:Henry Draper Catalogue
130:Henry Draper Catalogue
126:photographic magnitude
100:Henry Draper Extension
76:Henry Draper Catalogue
33:Henry Draper Catalogue
18:Henry Draper catalogue
678:. MIT Press. p.
156:when he photographed
1160:. Springer. p.
1139:1949AnHar.112....1C
1096:1937AnHar.105....1C
1021:1924AnHar..99....1C
1007:1923AnHar..98....1C
993:1922AnHar..97....1C
979:1921AnHar..96....1C
965:1920AnHar..95....1C
951:1919AnHar..94....1C
937:1919AnHar..93....1C
923:1918AnHar..92....1C
909:1918AnHar..91....1C
842:1901AnHar..28..129C
791:1897AnHar..28....1M
763:1890AnHar..27....1P
717:1915JRASC...9..203C
542:1936AnHar.100....1C
311:Southern Hemisphere
255:Planetary nebulae.
181:
34:
1215:2008-09-16 at the
881:, pp. 214–215
869:, pp. 117–119
278:Williamina Fleming
179:
140:The origin of the
1185:Annie Jump Cannon
1171:978-3-540-23711-2
1068:978-0-521-25548-6
689:978-0-262-65038-0
633:978-0-521-85593-8
594:978-1-85233-106-1
442:. Currently, the
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85:astronomical
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29:
1336:1940s books
1331:1930s books
1326:1920s books
1321:1910s books
1187:, article,
879:Cannon 1915
199:A, B, C, D
38:Named after
1305:Categories
659:: 166–172.
474:References
460:Strasbourg
1272:Extension
806:, Table I
757:: 1–388.
448:Extension
444:Catalogue
425:Extension
373:magnitude
1280:III/135A
1238:III/135A
1213:Archived
1090:(1): 1.
1015:(1924),
1001:(1923),
987:(1922),
973:(1921),
959:(1920),
945:(1919),
931:(1919),
917:(1918),
903:(1918),
563:HyperSky
423:and the
400:for the
303:Arequipa
260:—
249:—
238:—
191:Comment
150:spectrum
83:) is an
1295:III/182
1135:Bibcode
1092:Bibcode
1017:Bibcode
1003:Bibcode
989:Bibcode
975:Bibcode
961:Bibcode
947:Bibcode
933:Bibcode
919:Bibcode
905:Bibcode
838:Bibcode
836:: 129.
787:Bibcode
759:Bibcode
713:Bibcode
711:: 203.
538:Bibcode
512:III/182
500:Bibcode
498:: 367.
389:
377:
289:HR 2583
136:History
1257:VizieR
1168:
1065:
686:
630:
591:
468:VizieR
452:VizieR
436:CD-ROM
188:Draper
185:Secchi
48:
1133:: 1.
785:: 1.
536:: 1.
402:epoch
62:[
1285:The
1270:and
1251:The
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