885:". What information he did give up was of limited interest only. His jailer, a man named Carey, was employed by Waad to gain the priest's trust, offering to relay letters to his nephew in the Gatehouse Prison. Carey then placed Garnet into a cell containing a hole through which he was able to converse with Oldcorne, who was in a neighbouring cell. From "a place which was made for this precise purpose", two government eavesdroppers were therefore able to record details of conversations between the two priests. Their communications were mostly innocent, although Garnet's admission that on one occasion he drank too much wine was later used against him, along with other incriminating evidence recorded during their stay. His communications with his nephew, and Anne Vaux, were also intercepted. Most of these letters found their intended recipient, but not before they had first been read by Waad, who also kept Salisbury informed. Although Garnet told Vaux that the Council's evidence constituted nothing but "presumptions", insufficient for a state trial, early in March he confessed, possibly as a result of torture. Vaux too was arrested and interrogated twice, just as further questions were being asked of Garnet by the council and the king, the latter of whom was interested in his opinion on theological matters.
1012:, and reaffirmed his innocence. He defended Anne Vaux against claims that their relationship had been inappropriate. He then prayed at the base of the ladder, disrobed down to his long, sewn-up shirt, "that the wind might not blow it up", and mounted the ladder. He ignored a Protestant minister who came forward, replying to an objectionable member of the audience that he "ever meant to die a true but perfect Catholic". Bishop Overal protested that "we are all Catholics", although Garnet disagreed with this. He once again said his prayers, and was then thrown off the ladder. Before the executioner could cut him down alive, many in the crowd pulled on his legs, and as a result, Garnet did not suffer the remainder of his grim sentence. There was no applause when the executioner held Garnet's heart aloft and said the traditional words, "Behold the heart of a traitor". His head was set on a pole on London Bridge, but crowds of onlookers fascinated by its fresh and unblemished appearance eventually forced the government to turn the head upward, so its face was no longer visible.
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862:. His own treatise on this topic, one of the "heretical, treasonable and damnable books" found amongst Francis Tresham's possessions, was laid on the council table before him. Although it condemned lying, Garnet's treatise supported the notion that when questioned, for instance, on the presence of a priest in his house, a Catholic might "securely in conscience" answer "No" if he had a "secret meaning reserved in his mind". The occasions on which a Catholic might legitimately use equivocation, he supposed, were limited, but such replies could be taken as an example of insincerity or deviousness—especially to the king's council, who may not have wanted to see Garnet prove his case. The council's view of equivocation was very different from Garnet's. In their eyes, it was simple deceit.
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698:, he later claimed to have felt unable to warn anyone of Catesby's plan. According to his own account, the two had a third meeting around 24 July. He read to Catesby a letter he had received from Persons, urging him to speak to the Pope before attempting any scheme, but fearful of being discovered, Catesby declined. So Garnet wrote to Aquaviva, claiming to have prevented several outbreaks of violence, and of his suspicion that there was "a risk that some private endeavour may commit treason or use force against the King". As he had done following the failed Bye Plot, he urged the pope to publicly warn against the use of force, attempting to hide his knowledge of the plot by suggesting that the warning be aimed at recusants in Wales. He also sent
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Salisbury what he would do if the pope excommunicated King James, he "denied to answer". His defence of equivocation was scorned by Coke, who called it "open and broad lying and forswearing". As for
Tesimond's confession, the planned assassination had not at that point happened and so Salisbury said that Garnet could easily have alerted the government. Salisbury attacked the idea that it had ever been made under the seal of the confessional, and claimed anyway that Garnet could have warned the authorities after his more ordinary conversation with Catesby about the death of innocents; the priest replied by saying that at the time, he did not understand the relevance of Catesby's questions. The Earl of Northampton said, in Latin, "
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858:. Superficially, they treated him with respect, removing their hats and addressing him as "Mr Garnet", although they made fun of his relationship with Anne Vaux, claiming he was her lover, not her confessor. During his questioning he admitted some of his movements, and that he had received Catesby's letter on 6 November, but he denied being involved in the plot, whose members he did not name. Garnet was convinced that his captors were interested only in the failed scheme and believed he might be able to clear his name, but the councillors also asked him about the
1005:. When asked if he had knowledge of any further treasons, Garnet replied that he had nothing to say. He rejected any entreatments to abandon his faith for Protestantism, and said that he had committed no offence against the king. The only thing he thought he might be condemned for was for abiding by the terms of the confessional, and if by that action he had offended the king or state, he asked for forgiveness. The recorder announced that this was an admission of guilt, but Garnet reiterated his not guilty plea and continued to argue the point.
926:. Garnet was introduced with his various aliases, which included "Whalley, otherwise Darcy, otherwise Roberts, otherwise Farmer, otherwise Philips". He was accused of having conspired with Catesby on 9 June 1605 to kill the king, his son, and to "alter and subvert the government of the kingdom and the true worship of God established in England". He was also accused of having conspired with several others to blow up the House of Lords with gunpowder. He pleaded "not guilty".
950:'s deathbed letter, which claimed that Garnet had played no part in the so-called Spanish Treason, was read aloud. Tresham claimed not to have seen Garnet "for fifteen or sixteen years before", despite government evidence that the two had met more recently. Garnet had not seen the letter and did not know that it referred to events before 1602, not 1605. He was unable to explain it, except by saying "it may be, my Lord, that he meant to equivocate."
674:. Garnet told Catesby that he "wished him to look what he did if he intended anything. That he must first look to the lawfulness of the act itself, and then he must not have so little regard of Innocents that he spare not friends and necessary persons for the Commonwealth." When Catesby offered to tell the priest more, Garnet declined: "I told him what charge we all had of quietness and to procure the like in others." Garnet also spoke with
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administration of continental seminaries, the removal of the
Jesuits from the Catholic mission and the restoration of ordinary episcopal governance in England.The type of episcopal governance the Appellants wanted involved English Catholic bishops being granted the traditional powers of consecration and confirmation, distancing them from Rome, and advancing their cause to have Catholicism in England accepted as a minority religion.
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commission in
Flanders. Garnet wrote a letter of recommendation for Catesby for that very purpose. When in October Vaux raised the issue once more, claiming that several women had asked her where they should retreat to once "the brunt was passed in the beginning of Parliament", Garnet again mentioned Flanders, although Fraser suggests that Vaux's questioning must have concerned him deeply.
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496:. Spain's actions gave Garnet much cause for concern, "For when we thought that there was an end to these disasters by which we are already nearly destroyed, our hope was suddenly turned to sorrow, and now with redoubled effort the overseers are pressing upon us". People were allowed to spectate from windows only if their loyalty to
334:. Father Thomas Stanney wrote that Garnet was "the prime scholar of Winchester College, very skilful in music and in playing upon the instruments, very modest in his countenance and in all his actions, so much that the schoolmasters and wardens offered him very great friendship, to be placed by their means in New College, Oxford."
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401:, praised his abilities. He was ordained sometime around 1582 and stayed in Rome as a Professor of Hebrew, lecturing also on metaphysics and mathematics. He was also an English confessor at St Peter's, but in May 1584 his academic career was curtailed when, perhaps as a consequence of a petition from the Jesuit
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Jesuits preferred to hold to traditional
Catholic values, risking death if captured, but some in Wisbech painted them as traitors. Their opponents wanted a compromise with the English government, hoping for more toleration by practising a minority form of Catholicism. They wanted an end to the Jesuit
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The day after his trial Garnet made a new statement, which he hoped would clarify his dealings with
Tresham. He also wrote to the king, reiterating his stance on violence against a rightful monarch. When the government lied and told him they had captured Tesimond, he wrote an apologetic letter to the
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brought news of the plot's failure. Catesby wanted him to help raise support in Wales, where it was thought
Catholic support would be more likely, but Garnet was horrified. In a letter to Catesby and Digby, he urged them to abandon their "wicked actions" and follow the pope's advice. He spent weeks
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Garnet was not at all like
Catesby, described by Fraser as possessing the mentality "of the crusader who does not hesitate to employ the sword in the cause of values which he considers are spiritual". Catesby was also described as "exceedingly tangled in debts and barely able to subsist" In contrast,
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Despite his claims to have been horrified by
Catesby's plan, his declaration, which admitted that he had "dealt very reservedly with your Lordships in the case of the late powder action", gave the government proof that he had prior knowledge of the plot, and in their view, he was therefore guilty of
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ministers. In light of the Armada's destruction, he also wrote to the general to ask for advice on two versions of a proposed oath to allow Roman
Catholics to swear their allegiance to the Queen. The government's version required that Catholics reject the pope's authority over Elizabeth, whereas the
262:, canon law prevented Frs. Garnet and Tesimond from telling the authorities under penalty of immediate excommunication. Instead, Fr. Garnet pleaded with Catesby to cancel what he was plotting. Fr. Garnet also wrote to his superiors in Rome, urging them to order English Catholics not to use violence.
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in
Buckinghamshire. Vaux was suspicious that so many horses were being collected at the homes of her friends and family, and confessed to Garnet her fear that "these wild heads had something in hand". She asked him to speak with Catesby, but Garnet reassured her that Catesby was instead seeking a
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were read to the court, as well as some of the plotters' confessions. Garnet defended his use of equivocation with his own treatise on the doctrine. He had denied his conversation with Oldcorne as it was a secret, but said that in matters of faith, equivocation could never be lawful. When asked by
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in Worcestershire, and a few days later to London. Garnet was still weak from his ordeal, and Salisbury therefore ordered that he be given a good mount; his supplies were paid for by the king. The group was accompanied by a Puritan minister who "ranted at length without interruption", but Garnet's
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to Rome to gain papal approval for the 1605 plot, and while at Coughton in November, had prayed "for the success of the great action". Coke called Garnet "a doctor of five Ds, namely, of dissimulation, of deposing of princes, of disposing of kingdoms, of daunting and deterring of subjects, and of
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by closed coach; an unusual method, considering prisoners were usually walked to trial, though the authorities may have had some concern about support from a sympathetic crowd. The trial began at about 9:30 am and lasted all day. In attendance were King James (hidden from public view) and
636:. In the midst of what Garnet later recalled was a seemingly casual conversation, Catesby asked the priest about the morality of "killing innocents". Garnet replied according to Catholic theology, that often, during war, innocents were killed alongside the enemy. According to
806:(later beatified as the Blessed Edward Oldcorne) had secreted themselves in a small, cramped space, unable even to stand or stretch their legs. They received sustenance from their protectors through a small drinking straw hidden within the building's structure, but with no
420:, who saw Garnet as his successor, refused this request. He thought Garnet more suited to "the quiet life" than that which awaited him in England, but on 2 May 1586 he relented and allowed him to leave. Appointed superior for the journey, Garnet travelled with
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Catholic version proposed that they recognise her authority and "would wish with every effort to struggle to thwart and to fight to the death all those who will in any way endanger the life of her Highness". The Privy Council rejected the latter.
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to London. Acquaviva had also given Garnet permission to print pro-Catholic literature, and so early the next year he met Southwell in London to discuss the establishment of a secret press, which was probably located somewhere around a former
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in 1591, when he and many others were almost captured together while renewing their vows, he reorganised the mission into eleven smaller groups, each assigned two weeks annually. Following Southwell's capture in June 1592, and the search of
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with his meals, though it took him some time to get bedding and coal for the fireplace. He claimed that Lieutenant of the Tower William Waad treated him well, although on the subject of religion his speeches became "violent and impotent".
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was thus dispatched, but was captured on his arrival in December 1593, and executed in York in April 1595. Garnet believed that it was his duty to observe (in disguise) the executions of his fellow priests, so as to secretly administer the
557:, and he may have been present at Southwell's execution at Tyburn in 1595. The latter's death was a significant blow for Garnet, who later wrote of the "intolerable burden of loneliness" he carried while in England.
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was to preside over the trial of the Gunpowder Plotters, men whose association with Garnet would eventually prove so fateful. Although Garnet professed to Popham an interest in legal studies, in 1575 he sailed for
678:, asking him "if Catholics were able to make their part good by arms against the King", but Monteagle's reply was vague. Author Alan Haynes suggests that Garnet may at that point have become marginalised.
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in Derbyshire, son of Brian Garnet (or Garnett) and Alice (née Jay). He had at least five siblings: two brothers, Richard and John, and three sisters, Margaret, Eleanor and Anne, all of whom became nuns at
694:. "An intelligent and thoughtful man", Tesimond wanted his superior's advice as Catesby had recently told him of his plan. As Garnet viewed Tesimond's information as having been imparted under the
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667:, who commanded his priests never to attempt any such thing, but it proved controversial; early in summer 1605 Garnet reported to Rome that English Catholics had reached "a stage of desperation".
330:, where he apparently excelled. His love of music and "rare and delightful" voice were complemented by an ability to perform songs without preparation, and he was reportedly also skilled with the
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by two Catholic priests, he wrote that it was "a piece of impudent folly, for we know that it is by peaceful means that his Holiness and other princes are prepared to help us." He exhorted that
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and lived a relatively comfortable existence; Garnet was complimentary about Wisbech, calling it a "college of venerable confessors". The following year he mediated in a dispute there between
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A bloodstained straw husk saved from the scene of the execution and said to bear Garnet's image became an object of curiosity. It was smuggled out of the country into the possession of the
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priest regarding the nature of their conversation the previous year. He also wrote a final letter to Anne Vaux, on 21 April, relating his lack of fortune over the previous few months.
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in England, deciding to meet each year in February and August (later changed to Easter and autumn). Weston also gave the two men details of Catholic houses that would shelter them.
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Garnet's recent interrogation was only the first of many. Generally, his answers were carefully considered and demonstrated a passive resistance to his questioners; the use of the
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with the following line: "who committed treason enough for God's sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven", although Shakespeare's personal views on equivocation are unknown.
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or drainage they were eventually forced by "customs of nature which must of necessity be done" to emerge from hiding, and were immediately captured. They were taken first to
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Perhaps thinking that the purpose behind his intended visit to Catholic Spain was to gain financial support for impoverished English Catholics, in 1602 Garnet had sent
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before he moved to London in 1571 to work for a publisher. There he professed an interest in legal studies and in 1575, he travelled to the continent and joined the
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destruction". His supposed inappropriate relationship with Anne Vaux was mentioned, but his adherence to the doctrine of equivocation proved extremely damaging.
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was guaranteed by the householder. In a letter to Acquaviva, Garnet said that many of his supporters thought that he was more concerned for the Queen than her
211:, following the latter's capture by the English authorities. Garnet established a secret press, which lasted until late 1588, and in 1594 he interceded in the
989:. He wore a black cloak over his clothes and hat, and spent much of the journey with his hands together and eyes closed. Present in the churchyard were the
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297:, which Coke called "open and broad lying and forswearing", and condemned for not warning the authorities of what Catesby planned, he was sentenced to be
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accused him of involvement in every treason since 1586, the year he returned to England. According to Coke, the provincial superior was involved in the
531:. Avoiding pursuers was therefore a recurrent problem, and Garnet was almost caught on several occasions. As a result of an almost disastrous meeting at
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When the plot failed Garnet went into hiding, but he was eventually arrested on 27 January 1606. He was taken to London and interrogated by the
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After about three months spent in the Tower, on Saturday 3 May 1606 Garnet was strapped to a wooden hurdle and taken by three horses to the
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were intercepted. His conviction, announced at the end of his trial on 28 March 1606, was a foregone conclusion. Criticised for his use of
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to deliver the same message, and when Parliament was prorogued on 28 July, Garnet satisfied himself that the danger had been averted.
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replies remained erudite, brief and clear—much to the minister's disappointment. On his arrival in London he was taken to the
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A portrait of Garnet pointing to the bloodstained straw husk saved from the scene of his execution and said to bear his image
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Garnet spent much of 1604 on the move, although few details of his travels exist. At Easter he reportedly gave a Mass at
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1059:(1593), which comprised a selection of quotations on what Catholics should be prepared to renounce for their faith, and
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Catholics faced in England. He accordingly approved of the disclosure by Catholic priests of the existence of the 1603
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instruct all English Catholics not to engage in violent rebellion, "quiete et pacifice". It was a message echoed by
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and tension between some Catholic English exiles in Brussels might undermine his efforts to stabilise the situation.
625:(whose family he had been introduced to in summer 1586) at White Webbs near Enfield, renewing the vows given on the
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where, from 1565, his father was master. Following his election as a scholar on 24 August 1567, in 1568 he entered
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Garnet believed that "things were best settled by submission to the will of God." He was ebullient over King
640:, Garnet may have thought that Catesby's request was to do with him possibly raising a regiment in Flanders.
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Haynes disagrees with Fraser and says that at the King's command, Garnet was left to hang until he died.
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The jury took fifteen minutes to decide that Garnet was guilty of treason. He was sentenced to be
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and having refused to violate the Seal of the Confessional by notifying the authorities. Born in
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Acquaviva had instructed that should anything happen to Weston, Garnet was to succeed him as
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Equivocation was condemned by most of his Protestant contemporaries as outright lying. Even
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The Face in the Straw, from Abbot's Anthologia, 1613. Also to be seen in Garnet's portrait.
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Weston's capture came as a result of intensified persecution of Catholics, caused by the
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In 1586 Garnet returned to England as part of the Jesuit mission, soon succeeding Father
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Garnet's first few years in England were spent meeting new priests in London, including
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The two men travelled to Rome and on 11 September 1575 were accepted into the church at
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Garnet first appeared in front of the Privy Council on 13 February 1606. Present were
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in England, which he did when only days after leaving Harlesford, Weston was captured
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254:. The existence of Catesby's Gunpowder Plot was revealed to Fr. Garnet by Father
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On 9 June 1605, he was to be found in a room on Thames Street in London, with
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and his wife Dorothy. A few days later the group set out on a pilgrimage to
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On 24 August he was at White Webbs near Enfield, with Anne Vaux, her sister
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The Council may not have realised that the treatise was authored by Garnet.
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Garnet's trial took place on Friday 28 March 1606. He was taken to the
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were monitored by eavesdroppers, and his letters to friends such as
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Sir William Waad, Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Gunpowder Plot
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Henry Garnet (or Garnett) was born some time around July 1555 at
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The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England 1541–1588
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235:, and repeatedly exhorted English Catholics not to plot violent
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A Consolatory Letter to All the Afflicted Catholikes in England
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on 24 July 1605, but as the information was received under the
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on the run but was eventually arrested on 27 January 1606, at
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In November 1593 Garnet travelled to the decrepit and decayed
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at a London inn, Garnet, Southwell and Weston travelled to
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who, unknown to him, planned to assassinate the Protestant
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accused Garnet of involvement in every treason since 1586.
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for supporting the occasional taking of Communion in the
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Garnet highlighted the date of his execution, 3 May, the
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was a distinct possibility, one which he answered with "
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A Treatise against lying and fraudulent dissimulation
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Statements regarding Jesuit-encouraged plots against
476:. It lasted until late 1588 and was responsible for
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People executed by the Kingdom of England by hanging
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Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, 5th Duke of Frías
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765:). From there they travelled to Digby's home at
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1153:Haynes (2005) appears to have misspelt this as
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2212:Henry Garnet, 1555–1606 and the Gunpowder Plot
2018:The English Jesuits from Campion to Martindale
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27:16th-century English Jesuit priest (1555–1606)
2041:(illustrated ed.), Trafford Publishing,
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1242:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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2165:The Institution of the Archpriest Blackwell
2149:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
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30:For the African-American abolitionist, see
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2227:Henry Garnet, at the Catholic Encyclopedia
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2015:Basset, Bernard; Charles, Rodger (2004),
1041:An Apology Against the Defence of Schisme
670:The two met again in July at Fremland in
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1239:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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619:Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont
413:asked that he be sent to England. The
2208:For a fuller biography of Garnet, see
2087:The Gunpowder Plot: Faith in Rebellion
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865:The next day, Garnet was moved to the
652:, revealed (with his blessing) to the
2335:People educated at Winchester College
1998:
1986:
1470:
924:Catherine Howard, Countess of Suffolk
627:Feast of the Presentation of Our Lady
7:
1057:A Treatise of Christian Renunciation
802:. There, for eight days, he and Fr.
617:. He also met the French ambassador
512:In 1591 Garnet was almost caught at
168:(July 1555 – 3 May 1606), sometimes
2256:Vice-Prefect of the English Mission
2179:Trevor-Roper, Hugh Redwald (1957).
2057:Records of the English Province, IV
960:quod non-prohibet cum potest, jubet
783:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
676:William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle
279:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
1074:(c. 1598), originally titled
301:. He was executed on 3 May 1606.
25:
1043:(1593), an attack against church
188:, Derbyshire, he was educated in
2345:Prisoners in the Tower of London
2163:Pollen, John Hungerford (1916),
1230:McCoog, Thomas (January 2008) .
757:, home of the recently deceased
2315:Executed people from Derbyshire
1066:His defence of the practice of
1027:, before being lost during the
242:In summer 1605 Garnet met with
1082:may have alluded to Garnet in
1:
929:Speaking for the government,
721:in Wales. They travelled to
2325:17th-century English Jesuits
2320:16th-century English Jesuits
2305:People from the Papal States
2146:Investigating Gunpowder plot
1256:UK public library membership
1233:"Garnett, Henry (1555–1606)"
941:Plots of 1603. He had sent
918:several courtiers including
324:grammar school in Nottingham
2310:Executed Gunpowder Plotters
2167:, Longmans, Green and Co.,
2129:, Oxford University Press,
1076:A Treatise of Equivocation.
967:hanged, drawn and quartered
346:Garnet's superior in Rome,
299:hanged, drawn and quartered
139:Hanged, drawn and quartered
75:Heanor, Derbyshire, England
2361:
2103:McCoog, Thomas M. (1996),
1061:The Societie of the Rosary
1039:Garnet's writings include
621:. In November he was with
428:on 8 May. He landed near
104:Jesuit superior in England
29:
2268:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2123:Miola, Robert S. (2007),
2059:, London: Burns and Oates
1411:Basset & Charles 2004
1384:Basset & Charles 2004
1372:Basset & Charles 2004
1324:Basset & Charles 2004
492:, celebrating the failed
393:. Two of his professors,
322:SJ. Henry studied at the
269:, whose members included
154:
116:
56:
2210:Caraman, Philip (1964),
2187:. London, : Macmillan .
2126:Early Modern Catholicism
2035:Bengsten, Fiona (2005),
2021:, Gracewing Publishing,
1055:. This was followed by
860:doctrine of equivocation
696:seal of the confessional
682:Seal of the confessional
260:seal of the confessional
112:Brian Garnett, Alice Jay
2143:Nicholls, Mark (1991),
1170:to see Superior Father
774:Arrest and imprisonment
593:Introduction to Catesby
582:English College in Rome
490:Old St Paul's Cathedral
450:Marlow, Buckinghamshire
387:Sant'Andrea della Valle
223:. Fr. Garnet preferred
2241:Catholic Church titles
2085:Haynes, Alan (2005) ,
1248:10.1093/ref:odnb/10389
1124:Jesuits, etc. Act 1584
1020:
910:
786:
516:
480:, author unknown, and
350:
2055:Foley, Henry (1878),
1018:
904:
891:misprision of treason
781:
511:
482:An Epistle of Comfort
353:Garnet did not enter
345:
229:religious persecution
225:nonviolent resistance
32:Henry Highland Garnet
2263:residing in England
2089:, Hayes and Sutton,
1047:in which he scolded
432:early in July 1586.
281:. Imprisoned in the
215:, a dispute between
176:priest executed for
84:3 May 1606 (aged 50)
2300:English expatriates
1080:William Shakespeare
920:Lady Arbella Stuart
842:, and the Earls of
793:on 6 November when
715:St Winefride's Well
544:'s rented house in
395:Christopher Clavius
320:Saint Thomas Garnet
93:Cause of death
2330:People from Heanor
2069:The Gunpowder Plot
1977:, pp. 325–327
1953:, pp. 322–323
1929:, pp. 319–322
1917:, pp. 317–318
1893:, pp. 313–314
1881:, pp. 312–313
1869:, pp. 310–312
1845:, pp. 308–309
1797:, pp. 307–308
1785:, pp. 295–303
1770:, pp. 116–117
1743:, pp. 290–295
1707:, pp. 283–284
1695:, pp. 259–262
1683:, pp. 218–219
1647:, pp. 167–170
1635:, pp. 161–162
1599:, pp. 158–160
1362:, pp. 256–257
1338:, pp. 233–234
1314:, pp. 173–174
1155:Minute ista pueris
1021:
1010:Feast of the Cross
995:Sir Henry Montague
911:
883:Minare ista pueris
787:
700:Sir Edmund Baynham
517:
367:Lord Chief Justice
351:
328:Winchester College
318:. He was uncle to
246:, a member of the
194:Winchester College
2278:
2277:
2269:Succeeded by
2183:Historical essays
2136:978-0-19-925985-4
1522:Trevor-Roper 1957
1254:(Subscription or
1070:was published in
1053:Church of England
1029:French Revolution
991:Sheriff of London
688:Catesby's designs
658:Pope Clement VIII
533:Baddesley Clinton
514:Baddesley Clinton
498:Queen Elizabeth I
418:Claudio Acquaviva
399:Robert Bellarmine
391:Robert Bellarmine
348:Claudio Acquaviva
172:, was an English
158:
157:
87:St Paul's, London
16:(Redirected from
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2260:Society of Jesus
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111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
79:
71:
67:
60:
55:
51:
40:
37:
33:
19:
18:Henry Garnett
2255:
2211:
2182:
2164:
2145:
2125:
2105:
2086:
2068:
2056:
2037:
2017:
2008:Bibliography
2007:
2006:
2001:, p. 82
1994:
1989:, p. 81
1982:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1857:, p. 50
1850:
1838:
1833:, p. 72
1826:
1814:
1809:, p. 65
1802:
1790:
1763:
1758:, p. 70
1736:
1731:, p. 72
1724:
1719:, p. 69
1712:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1611:, p. 66
1604:
1577:
1565:
1560:, p. 78
1553:
1541:
1536:, p. 19
1529:
1517:
1505:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1449:, p. 54
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1401:, p. 41
1386:, p. 51
1379:
1374:, p. 49
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1290:, p. 63
1283:
1278:, p. 40
1237:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1130:
1118:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1068:equivocation
1065:
1063:(1593–1594)
1060:
1056:
1040:
1038:
1022:
1007:
999:George Abbot
980:
976:
964:
959:
952:
928:
912:
887:
882:
876:
864:
840:William Waad
829:
800:Hindlip Hall
795:Thomas Bates
788:
755:Rushton Hall
704:
685:
669:
642:
631:
596:
559:
546:Warwickshire
529:high treason
518:
486:Ludgate Hill
481:
477:
474:Spitalfields
464:
458:
439:
405:for England
384:
376:Giles Gallop
352:
308:
295:equivocation
264:
252:King James I
241:
202:
178:high treason
169:
161:Henry Garnet
160:
159:
46:Henry Garnet
36:
2295:1606 deaths
2290:1555 births
2071:, Phoenix,
1975:Fraser 2005
1963:Fraser 2005
1951:Fraser 2005
1939:Haynes 2005
1927:Fraser 2005
1915:Fraser 2005
1903:Fraser 2005
1891:Fraser 2005
1879:Fraser 2005
1867:Fraser 2005
1855:Haynes 2005
1843:Fraser 2005
1819:Fraser 2005
1795:Fraser 2005
1783:Fraser 2005
1768:Haynes 2005
1741:Fraser 2005
1705:Fraser 2005
1693:Fraser 2005
1681:Fraser 2005
1669:Haynes 2005
1657:Fraser 2005
1645:Fraser 2005
1633:Fraser 2005
1621:Fraser 2005
1609:Haynes 2005
1597:Fraser 2005
1582:Haynes 2005
1570:Fraser 2005
1558:Fraser 2005
1546:Fraser 2005
1534:Haynes 2005
1510:Fraser 2005
1498:Fraser 2005
1483:Fraser 2005
1459:Fraser 2005
1447:Fraser 2005
1435:Fraser 2005
1423:Pollen 1916
1399:Fraser 2005
1360:McCoog 1996
1348:McCoog 1996
1336:McCoog 1996
1312:McCoog 1996
1300:McCoog 1996
1276:Fraser 2005
1049:Thomas Bell
1003:John Overal
931:Edward Coke
907:Edward Coke
848:Northampton
836:Edward Coke
832:John Popham
821:Westminster
812:Holt Castle
761:(father to
725:'s home at
603:John Wright
521:John Gerard
470:Augustinian
363:John Popham
355:New College
275:Edward Coke
271:John Popham
2284:Categories
2266:1587–1606
2214:, Longmans
1999:Miola 2007
1987:Miola 2007
1471:Foley 1878
1258:required.)
1092:References
983:churchyard
852:Nottingham
739:Shrewsbury
737:, through
723:John Grant
662:Archpriest
555:last rites
446:Harlesford
430:Folkestone
305:Early life
207:as Jesuit
190:Nottingham
101:Occupation
2193:569433025
2067:(2005) ,
1191:Footnotes
987:St Paul's
973:Execution
915:Guildhall
856:Salisbury
844:Worcester
735:Worcester
623:Anne Vaux
538:Anne Vaux
502:Calvinist
409:, Father
365:, who as
291:Anne Vaux
109:Parent(s)
96:Execution
72:July 1555
2173:6597071M
1045:papistry
1035:Writings
727:Norbrook
719:Holywell
650:Bye Plot
465:en route
461:superior
403:superior
372:Portugal
233:Bye Plot
209:superior
43:The Rev.
2258:of the
1085:Macbeth
808:commode
729:, then
646:James I
570:secular
454:mission
448:, near
436:England
316:Louvain
227:to the
217:secular
129:Treason
2191:
2171:
2153:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2075:
2045:
2025:
1252:
871:claret
838:, Sir
749:, and
426:Calais
311:Heanor
186:Heanor
174:Jesuit
1097:Notes
897:Trial
733:near
672:Essex
374:with
2189:OCLC
2151:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1122:See
1001:and
937:and
935:Main
922:and
905:Sir
879:rack
854:and
609:and
572:and
566:alms
540:and
523:and
397:and
338:Rome
332:lute
277:and
219:and
81:Died
69:Born
1244:doi
985:of
939:Bye
819:in
717:at
2286::
2169:OL
1775:^
1748:^
1589:^
1490:^
1391:^
1264:^
1236:.
1198:^
1031:.
997:,
993:,
969:.
893:.
850:,
846:,
834:,
827:.
629:.
382:.
273:,
239:.
165:SJ
50:SJ
2195:.
1250:.
1246::
1157:.
1113:.
34:.
20:)
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