354:. Together, the two men manipulated the stock of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad in the 1850s, buying large quantities whenever they forced the price down. They won control of the company in 1859. On April 25, 1860, Keep was elected to its board of directors. He served as its treasurer from 1861 to 1863. Keep solidified his hold on the company in 1863 by breaking Addison G. Jerome, who controlled a majority of the company's stock. Keep noticed that the board of directors was authorized to issue up to 14,000 shares in new stock. Keep called a secret meeting of the board, which excluded Jerome, and the board authorized the issue. Keep began selling small numbers of these shares, and Jerome began buying them up in an attempt to force Keep off the board of directors. To finance his purchases, Jerome engaged in
422:
found a
National Academy of Art. Keep's funeral was held in his home, and he was buried at Brookside Cemetery in Watertown, New York. His widow built a large mausoleum in which he was later laid to rest. In the Adams State Road Cemetery near Adams, New York, is a large mausoleum, built by Henry Keep, in which Keep's parents were laid to rest. Henry Keep's mausoleum was broken into in 1973, and his coffin opened and his remains disturbed. Police said that the vandals probably believed Keep had been buried with jewelry or other valuables. No culprits were ever found.
207:. The county loaned children out as workers to local businessmen and farmers, if the employer provided a wage or some other means of improvement to the child. Keep was sent to work for Joseph Grammon, a local farmer who promised to send the boy to public school. Grammon failed to keep his word, beat the Henry mercilessly, and barely fed him. With $ 1.50 ($ 42 in 2023 dollars) and a coat given to him by a friend, Keep ran away. Grammon later offered a reward of two cents for his return.
49:
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263:. These were worthless in the United States, so Keep would exchange his state notes for the Canadian banknotes (at yet another heavy discount). When he had enough Canadian banknotes in hand, Keep would travel to Canada and cash the banknotes at par. He made $ 500 to $ 1,000 a week ($ 16,350 to $ 32,700 in 2023 dollars) a week in these exchanges.
375:. Vanderbilt won an agreement with the Central to transfer freight to his line. The contract also required the Central to pay the Hudson River Railroad $ 100,000 a year ($ 1,948,085 in 2023 dollars) for keeping extra rolling stock on hand in the summer to handle the increased traffic moving north. Keep, LeGrand Lockwood, and
403:, and won control of the Chicago and North Western Railway in 1867. He made $ 1.5 million ($ 34,300,000 in 2023 dollars) manipulating the road's stock. He was named its president in June 1868. Marvin Hughett, a veteran manager of the company, convinced him to finance a massive expansion of the railroad's system.
388:
Steamboats could not move the
Central's cargoes because the Hudson River was frozen due to a harsh winter. Freight backed up in Albany, and New York City was effectively cut off by rail. The Central's stock price fell. In an attempt to make money off the situation, Keep borrowed a significant number of shares to
392:. Flooding the market with shares only drove the price further downward, and Vanderbilt and his allies quickly purchased these shares. This forced Keep to pay his lenders out of his own pocket, hurting him financially, and allowed the Vanderbilt group to gain control of the Central. Keep resigned, and
343:. He was so successful at stock pools that he became one of the first managers of a "blind pool", where not even the contributors to the pool knew which stocks were being bought or sold, when, or at what price. His refusal to talk about his trading schemes earned him the nickname "Henry the Silent".
460:
A stock pool is where a group of investors pool their money to buy stock in a corporation. The sudden purchase of large numbers of shares drives up the price, attracting more and more investors. Once the price reaches its height, the pool manager slowly starts selling off shares—quietly earning the
362:
Keep also invested heavily in the New York
Central Railroad. Beginning in 1865, Cornelius Vanderbilt began to wage a long and bitter war for control of the Central. The Central was governed by a clique of men known as the "Albany Regency", and controlled most of the rail traffic outside of New York
438:
Emma Keep also created a foundation in her husband's name to support the Henry Keep Home. The foundation built and currently owns several structures in
Watertown: the Centennial Apartments, the Henry Keep Apartments on Washington Street, the Henry Keep Apartments on Public Square, and the Olympic
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Keep left his daughter $ 500,000 ($ 11,400,000 in 2023 dollars) in railroad stock. His gave his sister Mary two farms near
Watertown worth $ 185,000 ($ 4,200,000 in 2023 dollars), his sister Martha $ 200,000 ($ 4,600,000 in 2023 dollars) in cash, and each of his three sisters-in-law stock worth $
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decided to seek control of the
Central. They quickly amassed almost two-thirds of the company's stock, and ousted the "Albany Regency". Keep, elected president of the Central on December 12, 1866, immediately revoked the yearly payment. An outraged Vanderbilt stopped carrying all Central freight.
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Keep's health began to fail in early 1869. He was so ill that, on June 18, rumors swept Wall Street that he had died. Keep passed away late in the evening on July 30, 1869, at his home at 601 Fifth Avenue in New York City. He had just recently offered to donate $ 1.5 million to anyone willing to
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each. Keep invested heavily in railroad stocks on the eve of the war, then saw his stocks soar in value as railroads became essential to the war effort. He also made bold trades in undervalued railroads, earning hundreds of thousands of dollars. Along with
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100,000 ($ 2,300,000 in 2023 dollars). The remainder of his estate, valued contemporaneously at $ 1 million ($ 22,900,000 in 2023 dollars), and by financial historians at $ 4.5 million ($ 103,000,000 in 2023 dollars), went to his wife.
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Keep's widow built the Henry Keep Home for the elderly, infirm, and widowed in
Watertown. It opened in 1883. The building was razed in 1977, and a new structure erected on the same site. It is now known as the Samaritan-Keep House.
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of stock. Keep then dumped the majority of the 14,000 shares on the market, causing the price to drop significantly. Jerome lost $ 3 million covering his short sales, and was financially broken. (He died a year later.)
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Apartments. It also owns and maintains the Ives Hill
Retirement Community as well as Keep House, a place for out-of-town families to stay while their loved ones are receiving medical care at the local hospital.
203:
Keep had no schooling as a child. His father died in 1835 when Keep was just 17. His family was left impoverished and lost their home, so his mother turned herself and her children over to the county
1153:
King Philip's War: Based on the
Archives and Records of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and Contemporary Letters and Accounts, With Biographical and Topographical Notes
1142:
Commemorative
Biographical Record of Hartford County, Connecticut: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, and of Many of the Early Settled Families
275:. Some time in 1850, Keep opened the Frontier Bank in Watertown. On August 1, 1850, Keep opened the Citizens' Bank in Watertown, and in 1852 opened a branch of this bank in
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Keep married Emma Woodruff, daughter of a prominent Watertown hotel owner and real estate developer, in 1847. The couple had just one child, daughter Emma Gertrude Keep.
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Keep also was one of the largest investors in the Cleveland and Toledo Railroad. He was elected to its board of directors in 1859. He was also a director of the
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in Rochester, then travel to Watertown (where the notes were worth more) and cash them for a profit. He quickly quadrupled his net worth. He then invested in
158:. He was treasurer of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad from 1861 to 1863, and briefly president of the New York Central Railroad in 1866.
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142:(June 22, 1818 – July 30, 1869) was an American currency speculator, banker, stock speculator, and railroad financier who invested heavily in the
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issued by the state, which were trading at a discount due to the economic recession. He then began traveling around upstate
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279:. On September 17, 1851, he opened the Mechanic's Bank in Watertown, and later invested in the Union Bank of Watertown.
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on the stock market in his day. He also became one of the ablest stock pool managers in the history of the
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1164:
The Growth of a Century: As Illustrated in the History of Jefferson County, New York, From 1793 to 1894
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1207:
Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1900. Third Series. Vol. V
746:"Railroad Intelligence: Election of Directors of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad"
351:
332:
189:
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A History of Jefferson County in the State of New York, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time
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Kent). He had two sisters, Mary and Martha. He was a descendant of John Keep, and emigrant from the
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America's Successful Men of Affairs: An Encyclopedia of Contemporaneous Biography. Vol. 1
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The Great Los Angeles Swindle: Oil, Stocks, and Scandal During the Roaring Twenties
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Buck, Marion Ashby (Fall–Winter 1974). "Banking in Jefferson County Before 1865".
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Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders. Vol. 2: H to M
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Panic on Wall Street: A History of America's Financial Disasters
1122:
The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business
1125:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
371:, and New York City but also had the only rail line into lower
1312:
Curbstone Brokers: The Origins of the American Stock Exchange
271:
On September 28, 1847, Keep established Henry Keep's Bank in
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Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1863-64
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Colorful Characters of Northern New York: Northern Lights
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1221:. East Lansing. Mich.: Michigan State University Press.
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1375:
The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
942:"Cleveland and Toledo Railroad—Stockholders' Meeting".
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Keep proved so successful at banking that he moved to
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was named president of the Central in December 1866.
1399:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
549:
Commemorative Biographical Record of Hartford County
654:
Bulletin of the Jefferson County Historical Society
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618:"How Henry Keep Regulated John Bull's Exchanges".
247:, Keep would buy purchased depreciated Watertown
174:, to Herman Chandler Keep and his wife, Dorothy (
958:Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory
152:Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad
8:
1249:Commodore: The Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
562:
1150:Ellis, George W.; Morris, John E. (1906).
367:not only had the only direct link between
259:, where he would approach people carrying
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1218:Michigan Railroads and Railroad Companies
166:Henry Keep was born on June 22, 1818, in
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1210:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1901.
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30:For other people named Henry Keep, see
1463:American people in rail transportation
1062:"Mausoleum, Coffin, Target of Vandals"
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188:in 1660 and was killed in 1676 during
1145:. Chicago: J.H. Beers & Co. 1901.
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580:Journal of Education for Upper Canada
306:, railroad stocks were worth about a
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117:Banker, financier, railroad executive
7:
1473:19th-century American businesspeople
1189:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
987:"Spirit of the Morning Dispatches".
1357:. Charleston, S.C.: History Press.
1273:. Charleston, S.C.: History Press.
1095:. New York: New York Tribune. 1895.
777:America's Successful Men of Affairs
576:"How Poor Boys Reach the Top Round"
408:Detroit, Monroe and Toledo Railroad
1241:. Detroit: Charles F. Clark. 1863.
793:"The Ups and Downs of Wall Street"
222:, and later found a position as a
25:
1458:Businesspeople from New York City
1167:. Philadelphia: Sherman & Co.
144:Chicago and North Western Railway
1420:
1336:. Washington, D.C.: BeardBooks.
1315:. Washington, D.C.: BeardBooks.
1294:. Washington, D.C.: BeardBooks.
1119:Chandler, Alfred Dupont (1977).
507:. September 14, 1869. p. 2.
1354:Railroad Wars of New York State
851:. December 13, 1866. p. 4.
346:Keep formed a partnership with
335:, Keep was one of the greatest
1156:. New York: The Grafton Press.
1068:. September 6, 1973. p. 6
791:Clews, Henry (June 10, 1905).
622:. February 9, 1868. p. 5.
1:
1378:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1178:. Albany, N.Y.: Joel Munsell.
973:Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia
399:Keep partnered with investor
148:Cleveland and Toledo Railroad
1100:Carosso, Vincent P. (1975).
1021:. August 2, 1869. p. 8.
869:. March 4, 1893. p. 196
234:Financier and railroad baron
1453:People from Adams, New York
1215:Meints, Graydon M. (1992).
1172:Hough, Franklin B. (1854).
1102:The New York Stock Exchange
1006:. July 31, 1869. p. 5.
991:. June 19, 1869. p. 4.
946:. June 16, 1859. p. 3.
32:Henry Keep (disambiguation)
18:Henry Keep (businessperson)
1489:
847:"From the State Capital".
461:pool investors a tidy sum.
214:, where he got a job as a
196:, a successful builder in
29:
1252:. New York: Basic Books.
1161:Haddock, John A. (1894).
1017:"Funeral of Henry Keep".
192:. He was also related to
156:New York Central Railroad
46:
1246:Renehan, Edward (2009).
1204:"Keep-Schley, Emma A.".
1183:Ingham, John N. (1983).
1104:. New York: Arno Press.
363:City. But Vanderbilt's
186:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1351:Starr, Timothy (2012).
1267:Shampine, Dave (2010).
1002:"Death of Henry Keep".
563:Ellis & Morris 1906
503:"The Late Henry Keep".
414:Personal life and death
341:New York Stock Exchange
212:Honeoye Falls, New York
1393:Tygiel, Jules (1996).
1330:Sobel, Robert (2000).
1309:Sobel, Robert (2000).
1288:Sobel, Robert (1999).
1066:Syracuse Post-Standard
863:"Death of Rufus Hatch"
1372:Stiles, T.J. (2009).
365:Hudson River Railroad
198:Hartford, Connecticut
1429:at Wikimedia Commons
352:Cornelius Vanderbilt
333:Cornelius Vanderbilt
239:Currency speculation
1333:The Fallen Colossus
932:, pp. 162–163.
708:, pp. 120–121.
582:: 26. February 1870
565:, pp. 192–193.
394:Horace Henry Baxter
286:in 1850, and began
273:Watertown, New York
228:Rochester, New York
184:who arrived in the
27:American financier.
1019:The New York Times
1004:The New York Times
849:The New York Times
799:. pp. 433–437
750:The New York Times
620:The New York Times
505:The New York Times
304:American Civil War
302:Just prior to the
288:investment banking
261:Canadian banknotes
182:Kingdom of England
133:Emma Gertrude Keep
125:Emma Woodruff Keep
53:Henry Keep in 1868
1425:Media related to
825:, pp. 79–95.
797:Chambers' Journal
226:driver in nearby
194:William Ezra Keep
190:King Philip's War
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16:(Redirected from
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1070:. Retrieved
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1049:Haddock 1894
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871:. Retrieved
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835:Renehan 2009
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329:Jacob Little
313:Jacob Barker
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90:(1869-07-30)
1448:1869 deaths
1443:1818 births
733:Meints 1992
718:Stiles 2009
694:Tygiel 1996
682:Sobel 2000b
667:Sobel 2000a
533:Ingham 1983
401:Rufus Hatch
381:Wells Fargo
356:short sales
337:speculators
317:Daniel Drew
298:Railroading
292:Wall Street
243:During the
104:Nationality
1437:Categories
1427:Henry Keep
903:Sobel 1999
823:Starr 2012
706:Sobel 1999
640:Hough 1854
443:References
390:sell short
321:James Fisk
220:Erie Canal
162:Early life
140:Henry Keep
65:1818-06-22
41:Henry Keep
469:Citations
410:in 1863.
373:Manhattan
325:Jay Gould
249:banknotes
205:poorhouse
1072:March 5,
873:March 5,
803:March 6,
756:March 5,
586:March 5,
383:founder
257:New York
216:teamster
172:New York
130:Children
108:American
77:New York
656:: 2–11.
267:Banking
218:on the
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430:Legacy
331:, and
308:nickel
154:, and
122:Spouse
79:, U.S.
448:Notes
253:notes
168:Adams
73:Adams
1401:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1074:2017
975:1901
960:1863
875:2017
805:2017
779:1895
758:2017
588:2017
551:1901
379:and
224:hack
85:Died
59:Born
177:née
1439::
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