812:
authorized the killing, only that he had discussed the possibility of "giving a lesson" and that his sole mistake was failing to inform his superiors that Chen was responsible when he learned of the killing, effectively shielding any higher governmental officials from blame. His subordinates stated they contacted Chen only at Wang's request and therefore bore no personal responsibility in following orders. The tribunal ended with no other witnesses called, resulting in Wang's April 1985 conviction and sentence of life imprisonment; his subordinates were each sentenced at the same hearing to two and a half years in prison for acting as accessories to the murder. The life sentence for Wang was upheld during a later review, although Wang was also eligible for parole after ten years.
825:
despite his earlier testimony, he pleaded innocent to the murder charge. Tung testified during the trial that Chen Chi-li was relaying the order to kill Liu from Chiang Hsiao-wu, a "big boss," but he was found guilty of first-degree murder after just forty-five minutes of deliberation. Because Tung had been extradited from Brazil, he was not eligible for the death penalty. Instead, he was sentenced to twenty-seven years in prison, to run consecutively after the twenty-year federal sentence for drug smuggling charges. Tung was the only one of the six named conspirators to stand trial in the United States, despite State
Department requests to have Chen Chi-li and Wu Tun stand trial as well.
808:
killed by
Chinese communists. Chen and Wu were convicted in April 1985 and sentenced to life imprisonment, after tearfully begging to avoid the death penalty. In May 1985, a month after his conviction, Chen retracted this statement, stating that Wang had only ordered that Liu be taught a lesson, not killed, which brought Chen's story in agreement with Wang's testimony during his nearly-simultaneous military tribunal. The life sentences were upheld under two separate court rulings. Under Taiwan law, both Chen and Wu were eligible for parole after serving ten years of their sentence.
736:
confession were relieved of their duties and placed under arrest. At that time, an investigation by the FBI and Daly City police surfaced; they had been quietly questioning Los
Angeles-area Bamboo Union members, seeking a copy of Chen's October recording. The government of Taiwan continued to deny culpability in the death of Liu, claiming that Wang and his subordinates were not acting as agents of the Taiwanese government. The existence of the tape-recorded October confession remained a rumor until the
708:. Wu had left Taiwan earlier in September, after local police had found a gun in his tea shop. Tung had arrived in July to explore business opportunities in southern California. The original plot would have used local northern California Bamboo Union members to carry out the assassination, but the head of the San Francisco branch failed to meet them in late September as planned.
766:(FBI) was pushing for their return to the United States to face criminal charges. Daly City Police had requested the fingerprints and photographs of the suspects. Officials from Taiwan refused to remand the suspects to United States custody pending the results of their own investigation and possible trial, citing the fact that Taiwan and the US had no formal extradition treaty.
606:
of Chiang Ching-kuo in 1975, which was formed from three articles he had written in 1975 about Chiang's life prior to 1949. Liu planned to update the biography to cover more recent history, but was once again warned against writing about the Chiang family by
Admiral Wang Hsi-ling in 1977. Liu finally
2635:
On
February 13, 1990 a group of National Assembly members proposed Lin Yang-kang for president and the following day Chiang Wego denied that his brother Chiang Ching-kuo had said, ″Members of the Chiang family cannot and will not run for president.″ Footnote 19: Chiang Ching-kuo made this statement
824:
Following the trial in New York, Tung was extradited to
California in March 1987 to stand trial for the murder of Henry Liu. Based on testimony that he had killed Henry Liu in the 1986 federal trial, Tung was ordered to stand trial in June 1987, with the actual trial commencing in March 1988, where
807:
of
Kuomintang intelligence ordered the assassination, stating that Liu was a double agent who had spied for both Taiwan and China. However, Chen claimed he instructed his associates to disobey Wang's orders and instead wanted Liu to be injured, not killed, after learning that Liu's parents had been
747:
Daly City Police
Lieutenant Thomas Reese was allowed to interview Wu and Chen in prison, later filing an affidavit in January 1985 to support a warrant for Wu's arrest. The affidavit provided the motive for Liu's murder, with Wu stating that Chen had told him that "Liu had written some bad things
815:
Tung Kuei-sen had been rumored to be living in the
Philippines, as he was not detained during the November 1984 Taiwan crackdown on Bamboo Union members when Chen and Wu had been arrested. Tung was eventually captured in Brazil in September 1985, and was extradited to the United States. He first
726:
Chen's
October confession mentions the existence of a second recording of a conversation between Chen and "high officials" in the Kuomintang government. The FBI sought the second recording, but the existence of the second recording was never conclusively proven. Although the FBI did not comment
811:
Meanwhile, Wang and his subordinates were subjected to a military tribunal. Two sessions were held; during the first, on 4 April 1985, Chen Chi-li was called to testify, where he and Wang sparred over who bore greater responsibility for Liu's death. During the second, Wang denied that he had
735:
Chen and Wu were arrested in Taiwan along with 300 other members of the Bamboo Union during a 13 November 1984 government crackdown on organized crime. Chen reportedly confessed to his and Wang's roles while imprisoned, and two days later, on 15 January 1985, the three officials named in the
667:, Chen had reorganized the Bamboo Union to assist the Kuomintang-led government in gathering information and suppressing dissidents. In July 1984, Chen and an unnamed "prominent Taiwan movie producer" received espionage training after being inducted into the service of military intelligence.
711:
On 9 October 1984, Chen Chi-li and two other men drove from Los Angeles to San Francisco. Tung joined the group on 12 October 1984. Chen Chi-li was observed while conducting surveillance in Liu's Daly City neighborhood, being later identified as "the Asian man who couldn't speak English" by
692:
Chen Chi-li and the movie producer arrived in the United States on 14 September 1984, but the producer unexpectedly backed out shortly afterward for personal reasons, leaving Chen Chi-li to recruit two other Bamboo Union members who had also recently arrived in the US to assist him in the
820:
but convicted of conspiring to import and distribute heroin. At the 1986 trial, Tung's defense attorneys argued that Tung had been duped into murdering Liu by appealing to his sense of patriotism. Tung testified that he was following government orders to assassinate Liu.
45:
631:
shortly after 9 a.m. Helen Cui, Henry's wife, had noticed two Asian men riding bicycles near their house that morning and the morning before; she heard loud noises in the garage and discovered her husband had been killed. The assassination had been planned by
828:
Tung later filed an appeal for his murder conviction and sentence, which stated that the trial court should have requested a manslaughter verdict rather than murder, as he was acting out of patriotism. The appeal was rejected and his sentence upheld in 1990.
601:
a US-based Chinese-language newspaper published by Maurice Chuck. After publishing several articles about the Chiang family, he received a letter from General Wang Sheng warning him from publishing a biography of Chiang Ching-kuo. He proceeded to publish an
644:, who had requested that Liu be " a lesson" after writing articles critical of the Kuomintang government. Wu and Tung cornered Liu in his garage, and the three men struggled, ending after Wu shot Liu in the head and Tung shot Liu twice in the abdomen.
3780:
880:
against the Republic of China and the six named conspirators, alleging that his murder had been arranged by Taiwanese officials acting in an official capacity. Although the suit survived an early motion to dismiss as an act of state grounds, Judge
926:" Prior to the Henry Liu murder, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor to his father; the younger Chiang later served on the trade mission to Singapore, a move seen as soft exile.
550:, where he was sent on assignment to Hong Kong, Manila, and the Vietnam War. After marrying his wife Helen Cui Rong-Zhi, he became a foreign correspondent in 1967, and moved to Washington DC, where he took graduate classes at
651:'s mother too deeply, while others suggested he was about to publish some works harmful to some governmental officials. Police ruled out robbery early in the investigation and an ROC spokesman denied government involvement.
791:
serving as go-between for the FBI and the government of Taiwan. Meanwhile, the House of Representatives passed a non-binding resolution urging Taiwan to remand custody of the murder suspects to the United States for trial.
607:
revised the biography after a meeting late in 1983 where he favorably received a suggestion to tone down the criticism of the Chiang family from a family friend, former intelligence agent, and his former publisher on the
719:. After reading news accounts of the murder, Chen Chi-li realized he had been duped into believing that Liu was a communist agent, and he recorded his confession on 18 October 1984. The killers were reportedly offered
557:
Later, his emigration to the United States was said to be motivated in part because he felt the government of Taiwan was suppressing him. He became a United States citizen in 1973–74, around the same time he left the
885:
dropped Taiwan from the suit in 1987 based on Wang's military tribunal, which had concluded that Wang was not acting on behalf of the government of Taiwan, nor could his superiors have predicted his actions. The
921:
In a December 1985 speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu's father Chiang Ching-kuo declared ″If someone asks me whether anyone in my family would run for the next presidential term, my reply is, ′It can't be and it won't
3790:
3855:
689:(no relation). During the meeting, Chen Chi-li and the movie producer were told that Liu had betrayed the Republic of China as an agent of the People's Republic of China with his criticism.
1267:"He was told to consult with as many people as possible before publishing, to think of what was good for Taiwan, and should 'move cautiously, and think twice,' before publishing ."
1708:
755:, Chiang Ching-kuo's second son. Chiang Hsiao-wu was also claimed to have close ties to the Taiwanese security network, but Chiang denied both claims in a statement to the
727:
officially, friends of Chen Chi-li claimed they were questioned about the whereabouts of the second recording, as well as about any links between Chen and Chiang Hsiao-wu.
3925:
3830:
2948:
Wang, L. Ling-chi (2007). "Can Chinese Americans Afford to Lose the Fight to Obtain Justice for Henry Liu? Statement of the Committee to Obtain Justice for Henry Liu".
3885:
957:
3840:
3880:
780:
military intelligence in the killing, whereupon they began to pressure the government to bring Liu's killers to trial. The FBI investigation was confirmed by
715:
After the assassination, Liu's killers fled to Los Angeles, where Chen Chi-li telephoned officials in Taiwan to confirm the hit prior to boarding a plane to
3870:
3895:
3890:
3845:
3825:
795:
Chen and Wu went on trial in April 1985, with Tung being tried in absentia. The military tribunal of Wang and his subordinates followed in April 1985.
3850:
3875:
1303:
562:. After leaving the newspaper, Liu published articles, essays and books that were critical of the Chiang family and associated people, including
1009:
3865:
3860:
3661:
3636:
3900:
2846:
2648:
2621:
1138:
2910:
2678:
3617:
590:
3915:
3835:
2793:
The Murder of Henry Liu: Hearings and Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs
1076:
The Murder of Henry Liu: Hearings and Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and its Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs
918:
in Taiwan, and American officials were critical of the Kuomintang for allegedly orchestrating an assassination on United States soil.
493:
3905:
2923:
2899:
788:
3719:
3699:
3678:
3576:
3556:
3536:
3516:
3496:
3455:
3435:
3415:
3395:
3375:
3355:
3312:
3293:
3272:
3252:
2707:
2331:
2197:
2171:
2145:
2093:
2064:
1983:
1926:
1764:
1509:
1338:
1277:
1167:
484:(Chinese Nationalist Party), then the single ruling party of the Republic of China in Taiwan, and was most famous for writing an
3740:
3232:
1733:
544:, and he left for Taiwan in 1949. After leaving the military, he worked for the state-run radio and later as a reporter for the
3475:
3333:
2120:
763:
3920:
887:
541:
446:
223:
2537:
3910:
237:
2223:
2857:
2039:
877:
127:
1816:
533:
1106:
674:, the head of the Kuomintang's Military Intelligence Bureau, and two of Wang's officials, Major General Hu Yi-min (
647:
Some of Liu's friends suggested the "somewhat gossipy" biography of Chiang Ching-kuo delved into the background of
20:
2280:
1455:
2834:
1588:
981:, whose twin daughters and mother died after his arrest in another incident cited as an example of White Terror
939:
847:
Wang Hsi-ling, sentenced to life in prison (April 1985); commuted to 15 years and granted parole (January 1991)
1611:
853:
Chen Hu-men, sentenced to 2.5 years in prison (April 1985); after release, changed his name to Chen Yi-chiao (
2440:
838:
Chen Chi-li, sentenced to life in prison (April 1985); commuted to 15 years and granted parole (January 1991)
659:
Preparations for the assassination of Liu started in July 1984, according to the tape-recorded confession of
3204:(47). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 17–18. December 1990.
2994:(17). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 25–26. November 1984.
944:
640:. Chen was acting on the request of the head of the Kuomintang's Military Intelligence Bureau, Vice Admiral
537:
3114:(22). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 21–22. October 1985.
723: (equivalent to $ 58,700 in 2023) each by Wang for the successful killing, but they refused the money.
3024:(18). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 3–5. February 1985.
844:
Tung Kuei-sen, sentenced to 27 years to life in prison (May 1988); stabbed to death while in prison (1991)
781:
603:
485:
158:
2409:
2009:
1952:
1893:
1790:
1683:
1650:
1623:
1536:
1403:
1219:
3760:
3054:(19). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 1–26. April 1985.
2909:
Wang, L. Ling-chi (December 1994). "The Murder of Henry Liu: A Taiwanese Hit - Justice Is Stonewalled".
2580:
2467:
2358:
1867:
1842:
1561:
1480:
1429:
1035:
972:
841:
Wu Tun, sentenced to life in prison (April 1985); commuted to 15 years and granted parole (January 1991)
624:
594:
501:
88:
3144:(34). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 13–14. May 1988.
3084:(20). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 6–10. June 1985.
2737:
2512:
2305:
2248:
3174:(44). The Hague, The Netherlands: International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 17. April 1990.
971:, another noted dissident who died under mysterious circumstances, potentially also a late example of
3820:
3815:
579:
3644:
895:
551:
497:
131:
415:
305:
2965:
903:
784:
679:
664:
2929:
2684:
3205:
3175:
3145:
3115:
3085:
3055:
3025:
2995:
2919:
2895:
2842:
2778:
2617:
1244:
Xiong, Guohua; Hong, Diana (trans.); Lai, Him Mark (intro.) (2009). "Maurice H. Chuck and the
777:
2810:
2609:
1365:
987:, another case of the Taiwanese government likely being involved in an overseas assassination
2957:
2674:
984:
712:
neighborhood children who had found him feeding candy to their lost dog on 13 October 1984.
694:
636:, leader of the Bamboo Union Triad, and carried out by two Bamboo Union members, Wu Tun and
571:
508:
members who had been reportedly trained by the Kuomintang's military intelligence division.
489:
370:
328:
260:
162:
2881:
Smith, Patrick (18 May 1985). "In Taiwan, Many Questions Remain: The Murder of Henry Liu".
1684:"Admiral Denies He OKd Liu Killing: Erred in Withholding Information, Former Official Says"
2605:
2383:
882:
752:
648:
563:
2858:"The Murder of Henry Liu: A Tale of Espionage, Dissidence, and the American Torts System"
748:
about Taiwan and its president," and Chen had asked him to help "beat up or fix up" Liu.
391:
281:
2961:
336:
684:
567:
44:
3597:
3809:
2969:
2738:"A Contract on Henry Liu: FIRES OF THE DRAGON: Politics, Murder, and the Kuomintang,
978:
968:
804:
705:
671:
641:
637:
1220:"Rooted in Taiwan Connection: The Plot to Kill Henry Liu — Slayers Confess Details"
962:
817:
546:
505:
405:
377:
295:
267:
2791:
1074:
3662:"The wife of slain Chinese journalist Henry Liu charged the government of Taiwan"
1430:"Liu Case Intrigue: County Quietly Searched for Mystry [sic] Murder Tape"
773:
741:
660:
633:
480:), was a Taiwanese-American writer and journalist. He was a vocal critic of the
2733:
942:. A fictionalized version of the assassination was portrayed in the 2009 film
899:
628:
481:
3209:
3194:
3179:
3164:
3149:
3134:
3119:
3104:
3089:
3074:
3059:
3044:
3029:
3014:
2999:
2984:
2782:
863:) and later promoted to director of a Military Intelligence Bureau department
699:
597:
and was a freelance journalist for several publications in Hong Kong and the
816:
stood for federal trial in 1986 in New York, where he was found innocent of
762:
Chen and Wu had been in custody in Taiwan since November 1984, and the U.S.
525:
65:
769:
In March 1985, the FBI discovered the October tape recording made by chief
3785:[Jiang Nan's widow Cui Rongzhi: Waiting for the truth to emerge].
2249:"CALIFORNIA IN BRIEF: SAN FRANCISCO: Sentence in Murder of Writer Upheld"
583:
575:
464:
353:
915:
623:
On 15 October 1984, Liu was shot to death in the garage of his home in
529:
412:
302:
108:
69:
906:
was subsequently rejected. The suit was finally settled out of court.
2809:
Dowie, Mark; Millman, Joel; Harding, John (photographer) (May 1985).
2498:
1364:
Dowie, Mark; Millman, Joel; Harding, John (photographer) (May 1985).
770:
716:
670:
On 14 August 1984, Chen and the movie producer met with Vice Admiral
663:, leader of the Bamboo Union Triad. Earlier, in the wake of the 1979
454:
3334:"Taiwan continues the harassment of its critics [EDITORIAL]"
2567:
3456:"Former Taiwan intelligence head says he recruited murdered writer"
2918:. New York City: Committee to Protect Journalists. pp. 47–56.
2821:(IV). San Francisco: Foundation for National Progress: 16–23, 48–49
1376:(IV). San Francisco: Foundation for National Progress: 16–23, 48–49
1304:"AROUND THE WORLD; Paper Says Slain Author Wrote of Rift in Taiwan"
1139:"Death of critic of Taiwan leader stirs fear among Chinese in U.S."
2708:"Aging Taiwan President Prepares To End Dynasty, Talks With Foes"
751:
Chen Chi-li's associates claimed that Chen was a close friend of
554:
and worked part-time as an interpreter for the State Department.
3577:"Taiwan's Defense Unit Altered Following Officers' Convictions"
3294:"Consumer chairman sides with toy industry [EDITORIAL]"
3253:"Members of international gang sought in slaying of journalist"
2457:, 1987 WL 49413 (N.D. Cal. 27 August 1987).
2094:"Taiwanese man is arraigned in murder of California journalist"
1107:"California Jury Is Told Defendant Admitted Slaying Journalist"
2649:"Taiwan chief rules out chance family member will succeed him"
1248:: Promoting U.S.-China Friendship and Asian American Issues".
3618:"Widow says Asian gang arrests may show wider plot in murder"
3416:"Accused murderer says killing ordered by intelligence chief"
2616:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 72.
420:
310:
2581:"Suit Alleging Taiwan Government Plot to Kill Man Dismissed"
1953:"Taiwan Court Upholds Life Term for Official in Liu Killing"
3598:"Arrest 10 in Asian crime mob; link it to Henry Liu murder"
894:) that the ROC government was liable under the doctrine of
803:
At a pre-trial hearing in Taipei, Chen Chi-li claimed that
759:. Wang would later deny that Chiang Hsiao-wu was involved.
3105:"Notes: The Henry Liu affair: "getting away with murder?""
2683:(Speech). Constitution Day. Taipei, Taiwan. Archived from
850:
Hu Yi-min, sentenced to 2.5 years in prison (April 1985);
744:, a friend of Tung who had hosted him in September 1984.
611:, Hsia Hsiao-hua. Following the suggestion, Liu received
463:; 7 December 1932 – 15 October 1984), often known by his
2839:
Fires of the Dragon: Politics, Murder and the Kuomintang
1984:"Mobster sentenced in murder of Chinese-American writer"
1927:"Taiwan Admiral Gets Life In Killing Of U.S. Journalist"
3679:"Asiatic mobsters moving in on former Mafia operations"
2912:
Silenced: The Unsolved Murders of Immigrant Journalists
1734:"Suspect: Taiwanese official ordered journalist killed"
536:. When he was nine years old, his father was killed by
2359:"Republic Party announces its at-large candidate list"
1843:"Liu Killer Alters Story, 'Clears' Intelligence Chief"
1510:"Gangster says ex-official didn't order writer killed"
586:
and K. C. Wu planned at the time he was assassinated.
3637:"Suspect in Henry Liu Case Arrested By Brazil Police"
2811:"A Brazen Act of Terrorism: The Killing of Henry Liu"
1366:"A Brazen Act of Terrorism: The Killing of Henry Liu"
876: (equivalent to $ 694,070,000 in 2023) suit in a
396:
382:
286:
272:
740:
obtained a copy of the recording in March 1985 from
3856:
People murdered by Chinese-American organized crime
3195:"Taiwan's "sympathy" payment to widow of Henry Liu"
2121:"Taiwanese to Be Tried in West in Murder of Writer"
615: (equivalent to $ 49,900 in 2023) from Taiwan.
411:
404:
390:
376:
369:
364:
345:
327:
322:
301:
294:
280:
266:
259:
254:
236:
222:
217:
201:
183:
168:
154:
137:
123:
115:
104:
96:
77:
51:
28:
3557:"Decision Slated On Easing Terms Of Liu's Slayers"
2985:"Washington Post: "Taiwan role probed in killing""
2610:"Three: The Lee Teng-Hui presidency to early 1996"
2538:"Taiwan Held Liable in Killing of U.S. Journalist"
1562:"Taiwan Won't Extradite 2 Suspects in Liu Slaying"
1034:Ko, Shu-ling; Shih, Hsiu-chuan (25 October 2007).
1010:"Journalists Memorial, Honoree Details: Henry Liu"
540:. When he turned sixteen, he was drafted into the
3075:"The murder of Henry Liu, the cover-up continues"
2513:"Court Says Taiwan Can Be Liable in U.S. Killing"
1759:
1757:
1755:
1504:
1502:
1339:"Taiwan official blamed for murder of journalist"
3741:"Grassroots Ethnic Reporting a Perilous Calling"
3497:"Taiwan officer denies ordering writer's murder"
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1404:"FBI Looking for Links in Taiwan to Liu Killing"
3313:"Investigation Ordered Into Journalist's Death"
1651:"Trial Set in Taiwan for 2 Liu Murder Suspects"
958:List of journalists killed in the United States
2332:"Inmate pleads guilty in man's stabbing death"
1213:
1211:
1209:
934:The assassination was the subject of the book
3761:"KMT government murdered Henry Liu, Kuo says"
2410:"Taiwan Sued for $ 245 Million in Liu Murder"
2384:"Ex-intelligence head urges release of spies"
2224:"Taiwan Gangster Convicted of Killing Writer"
2088:
2086:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
333:
242:
228:
174:
8:
3233:"Bamboo Gang Linked To Journalist's Killing"
2740:By David E. Kaplan (Atheneum: $ 25; 604 pp.)
2474:. United Press International. 28 August 1987
2040:"11 reputed Bamboo Gang members go on trial"
1481:"Anti-Taiwan Articles Cited in Liu's Murder"
1162:
1160:
1158:
1868:"Life Sentences Upheld for 2 in Liu Murder"
1250:Chinese America: History & Perspectives
1168:"Liu's widow says her husband spoke loudly"
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
914:The assassination became a major political
787:. The investigation was conducted with the
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1218:Arax, Mark; Holley, David (3 March 1985).
361:
251:
43:
25:
2894:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Writers Club Press.
2300:
2298:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2146:"Alleged gangster ordered to stand trial"
1978:
1976:
1974:
1874:. United Press International. 4 June 1985
1841:Holley, David; Arax, Mark (11 May 1985).
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
3926:People killed in intelligence operations
3831:Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
3720:"Judge sentences man for prison slaying"
3476:"Taiwan chief admits error over killing"
2777:] (in Chinese). Los Angeles: 美國論壇報.
2033:
2031:
1589:"King Duck Goes to His Taiwanese Reward"
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
16:Taiwanese-American writer and journalist
3886:Journalists killed in the United States
3616:Bishop, Katherine (20 September 1985).
2680:Constitution to Determine His Successor
2306:"WORLD: Taiwan Frees Newsman's Killers"
1894:"The State: Liu Killers' Plea Rejected"
1454:Worthington, Rogers (20 January 1985).
1001:
3660:MacLean, Pamela A. (11 October 1985).
3396:"Reputed gang boss indicted in murder"
1709:"Taiwan Admiral Named at Murder Trial"
1537:"Taiwan Won't Return 3 in Murder Case"
1456:"East-west Intrigue In Writer's Death"
1036:"Chen calls for new probes of murders"
965:, who masterminded Liu’s assassination
3841:American writers of Taiwanese descent
3739:Kuruvila, Matthai (31 January 2008).
3677:Butterfield, Fox (30 November 1986).
3537:"Tribunal gives former official life"
2892:Jade Warrior: The Murder of Henry Liu
500:of the United States, and resided in
19:For the American civil engineer, see
7:
3881:Crimes in the San Francisco Bay Area
3596:Doyle, John M. (16 September 1985).
2468:"Taiwan Dropped From Liu Death Suit"
2443: (N.D. Cal. 11 August 1986).
2357:Gerber, Abraham (27 November 2015).
2172:"Trial starts in journalist's death"
2065:"Taiwan mob boss dealt 20-year term"
1284:. Los Angeles Times. 7 February 1985
1137:Butterfield, Fox (2 November 1984).
3698:Doyle, John M. (18 December 1986).
3643:. 29 September 1985. Archived from
3292:Anderson, Jack (28 December 1984).
3231:Ryckman, Larry (29 November 1984).
3135:"The Henry Liu Murder Case Closed?"
2962:10.17953/amer.33.1.b07m55023p73147q
2416:. Associated Press. 12 October 1985
2198:"Thug guilty of killing journalist"
2038:Lubasch, Arnold H. (30 July 1986).
1817:"Taiwan Murderer Changes His Story"
1568:. Associated Press. 2 February 1985
1310:. Associated Press. 4 November 1984
890:reversed Lynch's decision, ruling (
3871:American people of Chinese descent
3759:Shih, Hsiu-chuan (25 March 2009).
3376:"Americans upset by secret trials"
3332:Anderson, Jack (1 February 1985).
2511:Hager, Philip (30 December 1989).
2119:Bishop, Katherine (8 March 1987).
494:president of the Republic of China
14:
3896:People from Daly City, California
3891:20th-century American biographers
3846:Assassinated American journalists
3826:1984 murders in the United States
3273:"Liu murder suspect wins release"
2796:. U.S. Government Printing Office
1079:. U.S. Government Printing Office
3851:Taiwanese people murdered abroad
3165:"Justice at last for Henry Liu?"
2279:Curtis, Bryan (1 January 1991).
1791:"Trial in Henry Liu Murder Ends"
1105:Bishop, Katherine (1988-03-09).
3876:Deaths by firearm in California
3517:"Journalist's killer sentenced"
3356:"House panel seeks extradition"
2501: (9th Cir. 1989-12-29).
2390:. China Times. 17 December 2009
1682:Holley, David (13 April 1985).
1649:Holley, David (23 March 1985).
902:from the ROC government to the
764:Federal Bureau of Investigation
504:, where he was assassinated by
421:
311:
3495:Chang, Kathy (13 April 1985).
2790:Ninety-Ninth Congress (1985).
1535:Morain, Dan (5 January 1985).
1428:Arax, Mark (16 January 1985).
1073:Ninety-Ninth Congress (1985).
888:Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
859:
854:
675:
542:Nationalist Revolutionary Army
476:
459:
450:
397:
383:
349:"South of the Yangtze River" (
334:
287:
273:
243:
229:
193:
175:
1:
3866:Writers from Taizhou, Jiangsu
3861:People murdered in California
3685:. New York Times News Service
2775:Biography of Chiang Ching-Kuo
36:
3901:Fu Hsing Kang College alumni
2706:Brown, Phil (12 June 1986).
1587:O'Neill, Mark (2007-10-24).
1402:Arax, Mark (20 March 1985).
878:United States district court
128:National Chengchi University
2890:Wang, George K. F. (2000).
2570: (U.S. 1990-09-28).
2281:"Taiwan releases prisoners"
3942:
3340:. United Feature Syndicate
3317:Spartanburg Herald-Journal
2862:Asian American Law Journal
872:Liu's widow Helen filed a
589:Liu ran two gift shops in
21:Henry Liu (civil engineer)
18:
3916:American male biographers
3836:American male journalists
3700:"'Bamboo' ring sentenced"
3045:"The murder of Henry Liu"
3015:"The murder of Henry Liu"
655:Confession of Chen Chi-li
471:
436:
432:
360:
335:
250:
213:
209:
188:
42:
35:
3906:20th-century journalists
3781:
2856:Lee, Cynthia S. (2015).
2770:
2563:Republic of China v. Liu
2494:Liu v. Republic of China
2454:Liu v. Republic of China
2436:Liu v. Republic of China
1278:"Payment by Taiwan told"
892:Liu v. Republic of China
224:Traditional Chinese
3779:陳運璞 (14 October 2014).
3745:San Francisco Chronicle
3482:. Reuter. 13 April 1985
3402:. UPI. 28 February 1985
3382:. UPI. 14 February 1985
3380:Ellensburg Daily Record
3360:Ellensburg Daily Record
3279:. UPI. 30 November 1984
1738:The Evening Independent
1263:The Murder of Henry Liu
238:Simplified Chinese
3726:. AP. 22 November 1994
3362:. UPI. 8 February 1985
3259:. AP. 30 November 1984
2841:. New York: Atheneum.
2655:. AP. 26 December 1985
2441:642 F.Supp 297
2338:. AP. 7 September 1994
2176:The Lewiston Daily Sun
2100:. AP. 27 February 1987
2098:The Lewiston Daily Sun
2071:. UPI. 10 January 1987
782:United States Attorney
604:unauthorized biography
599:San Francisco Journal,
486:unauthorized biography
159:Unauthorized biography
3921:White Terror (Taiwan)
3319:. AP. 16 January 1985
2636:on December 25, 1985.
2585:The Los Angeles Times
2499:892 F.2d 1419
1514:Eugene Register-Guard
1343:Eugene Register-Guard
1282:Eugene Register-Guard
1246:San Francisco Journal
1174:. AP. 28 January 1985
502:Daly City, California
89:Daly City, California
3911:1984 murders in Asia
3704:The Lewiston Journal
3480:The Montreal Gazette
3422:. UPI. 20 March 1985
2769:Liu, Henry (1984).
2736:(15 November 1992).
2677:(25 December 1985).
2614:Democratizing Taiwan
2204:. UPI. 17 March 1988
2069:The Pittsburgh Press
833:Summary of penalties
496:. He later became a
111:Journalists Memorial
3724:Beaver County Times
3543:. AP. 19 April 1985
3521:Beaver County Times
3462:. AP. 11 April 1985
3338:Beaver County Times
3237:Schenectady Gazette
2712:Schenectady Gazette
2568:497 US 1058
2336:Beaver County Times
1933:. AP. 19 April 1985
1740:. AP. 20 March 1985
1612:H.Con.Res. 110
1345:. AP. 21 March 1985
936:Fires of the Dragon
896:respondeat superior
552:American University
524:7 December 1932 in
498:naturalized citizen
132:American University
119:American, Taiwanese
97:Cause of death
3706:. Associated Press
3622:The New York Times
3503:. Associated Press
3442:. AP. 9 April 1985
3436:"2 get life terms"
3400:Lodi News-Sentinel
2714:. Associated Press
2653:The New York Times
2542:The New York Times
2255:. 10 February 1990
2228:The New York Times
2178:. AP. 8 March 1988
2125:The New York Times
2044:The New York Times
1990:. UPI. 12 May 1988
1988:Lodi News-Sentinel
1900:. 6 September 1985
1821:The New York Times
1797:. AP. 2 April 1985
1771:. AP. 9 April 1985
1765:"2 get life terms"
1713:The New York Times
1308:The New York Times
1142:The New York Times
1111:The New York Times
930:In popular culture
904:U.S. Supreme Court
785:Joseph Russoniello
665:Kaohsiung Incident
3583:. AP. 1 July 1985
3563:. AP. 28 May 1985
3440:Spokane Chronicle
3257:Bangor Daily News
3202:Taiwan Communiqué
3172:Taiwan Communiqué
3142:Taiwan Communiqué
3112:Taiwan Communiqué
3082:Taiwan Communiqué
3052:Taiwan Communiqué
3022:Taiwan Communiqué
2992:Taiwan Communiqué
2978:Taiwan Communiqué
2848:978-0-68912-066-4
2746:Los Angeles Times
2623:978-90-04-22154-3
2517:Los Angeles Times
2472:Los Angeles Times
2414:Los Angeles Times
2312:. 21 January 1991
2310:Los Angeles Times
2253:Los Angeles Times
2016:. 16 October 1985
2014:Los Angeles Times
1957:Los Angeles Times
1898:Los Angeles Times
1872:Los Angeles Times
1847:Los Angeles Times
1795:Los Angeles Times
1769:Spokane Chronicle
1688:Los Angeles Times
1655:Los Angeles Times
1628:Los Angeles Times
1566:Los Angeles Times
1541:Los Angeles Times
1516:. AP. 11 May 1985
1487:. 31 January 1985
1485:Los Angeles Times
1434:Los Angeles Times
1408:Los Angeles Times
1224:Los Angeles Times
898:; a petition for
778:Republic of China
738:Los Angeles Times
609:Taiwan Daily News
591:Fisherman's Wharf
560:Taiwan Daily News
547:Taiwan Daily News
440:
439:
428:
427:
371:Standard Mandarin
318:
317:
261:Standard Mandarin
3933:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3789:. Archived from
3775:
3773:
3771:
3755:
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3751:
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3008:
3006:
2989:
2973:
2950:Amerasia Journal
2944:
2942:
2940:
2935:on 15 April 2018
2934:
2928:. Archived from
2917:
2905:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2852:
2835:Kaplan, David E.
2830:
2828:
2826:
2805:
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2786:
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2756:
2754:
2752:
2730:
2724:
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2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2687:on 8 August 2016
2675:Chiang Ching-kuo
2671:
2665:
2664:
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2638:
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2630:
2606:Jacobs, J. Bruce
2602:
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2006:
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1980:
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1070:
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1050:
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1031:
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1024:
1022:
1020:
1006:
985:Kashmir Princess
945:Formosa Betrayed
925:
875:
861:
856:
789:State Department
722:
703:
688:
677:
614:
582:, with books on
572:Chiang Ching-kuo
534:Republican China
523:
521:
516:Liu was born on
490:Chiang Ching-kuo
478:
473:
461:
452:
424:
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399:
386:
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341:
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290:
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276:
275:
252:
246:
245:
232:
231:
195:
190:
178:
177:
171:
163:Chiang Ching-Kuo
84:
61:
59:
47:
26:
3941:
3940:
3936:
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3934:
3932:
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3930:
3806:
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3796:
3794:
3783:
3778:
3769:
3767:
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3747:
3738:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3707:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3650:
3648:
3647:on 23 June 2016
3635:
3626:
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3595:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3524:
3523:. 18 April 1985
3515:
3506:
3504:
3501:Gainesville Sun
3494:
3485:
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2008:
2007:
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1991:
1982:
1981:
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1950:
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1934:
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1913:
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1630:. 18 April 1985
1622:
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1460:Chicago Tribune
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1172:Boca Raton News
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1016:
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1007:
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994:
954:
940:David E. Kaplan
932:
923:
912:
883:Eugene F. Lynch
874:US$ 245,000,000
873:
870:
835:
801:
799:Criminal trials
753:Chiang Hsiao-wu
733:
720:
697:
693:assassination,
682:
657:
649:Chiang Kai-shek
621:
612:
564:Chiang Kai-shek
519:
517:
514:
346:Literal meaning
169:
150:
147:Gift-shop owner
130:
92:
86:
82:
81:15 October 1984
73:
63:
62:7 December 1932
57:
55:
38:
31:
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3793:on 9 June 2016
3782:江南遺孀崔蓉芝：等待真相浮現
3776:
3756:
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3695:
3683:The Times-News
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2427:
2401:
2375:
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2323:
2294:
2266:
2240:
2215:
2189:
2163:
2152:. 13 June 1987
2150:Herald-Journal
2137:
2111:
2082:
2056:
2027:
2001:
1970:
1944:
1911:
1885:
1859:
1833:
1808:
1782:
1751:
1725:
1700:
1667:
1641:
1615:
1604:
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908:
869:
866:
865:
864:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
834:
831:
800:
797:
732:
729:
678:) and Colonel
656:
653:
620:
617:
568:Soong Mei-ling
513:
510:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
418:
409:
408:
402:
401:
394:
388:
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366:
365:Transcriptions
358:
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255:Transcriptions
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234:
233:
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220:
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206:
203:
199:
198:
197:, m.1967-1984)
185:
181:
180:
172:
166:
165:
156:
155:Known for
152:
151:
149:
148:
145:
141:
139:
135:
134:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
106:
102:
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98:
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93:
87:
85:(aged 51)
79:
75:
74:
64:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
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3787:World Journal
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3541:Gadsden Times
3538:
3534:
3522:
3518:
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3502:
3498:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3461:
3460:The Telegraph
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3298:Gadsden Times
3295:
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3274:
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2925:0-944823-14-9
2921:
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2901:0-595-14907-3
2897:
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2028:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1959:. 31 May 1985
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1928:
1922:
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1918:
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1593:Asia Sentinel
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1265:(1985), p.48.
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1005:
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991:
986:
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980:
979:Lin Yi-hsiung
977:
974:
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969:Chen Wen-chen
967:
964:
961:
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849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
836:
832:
830:
826:
822:
819:
813:
809:
806:
805:Wang Hsi-ling
798:
796:
793:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
772:
767:
765:
760:
758:
754:
749:
745:
743:
739:
731:Legal actions
730:
728:
724:
718:
713:
709:
707:
706:Tung Kuei-sen
701:
696:
690:
686:
681:
673:
672:Wang Hsi-ling
668:
666:
662:
654:
652:
650:
645:
643:
642:Wang Hsi-ling
639:
638:Tung Kuei-sen
635:
630:
626:
619:Assassination
618:
616:
610:
605:
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146:
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136:
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103:
100:Assassination
99:
95:
90:
80:
76:
71:
67:
54:
50:
46:
41:
34:
27:
22:
3795:. Retrieved
3791:the original
3786:
3768:. Retrieved
3765:Taipei Times
3764:
3748:. Retrieved
3744:
3728:. Retrieved
3723:
3708:. Retrieved
3703:
3687:. Retrieved
3682:
3666:. Retrieved
3649:. Retrieved
3645:the original
3641:Taiwan heute
3640:
3625:. Retrieved
3621:
3605:. Retrieved
3601:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:Toledo Blade
3580:
3565:. Retrieved
3561:Toledo Blade
3560:
3545:. Retrieved
3540:
3525:. Retrieved
3520:
3505:. Retrieved
3500:
3484:. Retrieved
3479:
3464:. Retrieved
3459:
3444:. Retrieved
3439:
3424:. Retrieved
3419:
3404:. Retrieved
3399:
3384:. Retrieved
3379:
3364:. Retrieved
3359:
3342:. Retrieved
3337:
3321:. Retrieved
3316:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:The Bulletin
3276:
3261:. Retrieved
3256:
3241:. Retrieved
3236:
3213:. Retrieved
3201:
3183:. Retrieved
3171:
3153:. Retrieved
3141:
3123:. Retrieved
3111:
3093:. Retrieved
3081:
3063:. Retrieved
3051:
3033:. Retrieved
3021:
3003:. Retrieved
2991:
2956:(1): 63–74.
2953:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2930:the original
2911:
2891:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2868:(1): 131–136
2865:
2861:
2838:
2823:. Retrieved
2818:
2815:Mother Jones
2814:
2798:. Retrieved
2792:
2774:
2763:Bibliography
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2739:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2711:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2679:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2634:
2627:. Retrieved
2613:
2600:
2589:. Retrieved
2587:. 1990-10-25
2584:
2575:
2562:
2557:
2546:. Retrieved
2544:. 1989-12-31
2541:
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:
2506:
2493:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2453:
2448:
2435:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2413:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:Taiwan Today
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2363:Taipei Times
2362:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2309:
2285:. Retrieved
2257:. Retrieved
2252:
2243:
2232:. Retrieved
2230:. 1988-03-17
2227:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:The Bulletin
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2097:
2073:. Retrieved
2068:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2018:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1987:
1961:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:Toledo Blade
1930:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1871:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:
1836:
1825:. Retrieved
1823:. 1985-05-11
1820:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1794:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1768:
1742:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1717:. Retrieved
1715:. 1985-03-21
1712:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1627:
1618:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1565:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1489:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1433:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:
1378:. Retrieved
1373:
1370:Mother Jones
1369:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1223:
1176:. Retrieved
1171:
1145:. Retrieved
1141:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1081:. Retrieved
1075:
1043:. Retrieved
1040:Taipei Times
1039:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
973:White Terror
963:Bai Wanxiang
943:
935:
933:
920:
913:
891:
871:
858:
827:
823:
818:racketeering
814:
810:
802:
794:
776:implicating
768:
761:
756:
750:
746:
737:
734:
725:
714:
710:
691:
669:
658:
646:
622:
608:
598:
588:
559:
556:
545:
515:
506:Bamboo Union
475:
467:
458:
442:
441:
406:Southern Min
378:Hanyu Pinyin
350:
312:Lâu Gî-liông
296:Southern Min
288:Liu Yi-liang
268:Hanyu Pinyin
218:Chinese name
194:Cuī Róng Zhī
192:
170:Notable work
83:(1984-10-15)
3821:1984 deaths
3816:1932 births
3750:23 December
3420:The Courier
2825:23 December
2751:23 December
2734:Chin, Frank
2010:"The State"
1624:"The State"
1380:23 December
1019:23 December
975:suppression
860:Chén Yìqiáo
774:Chen Chi-li
742:Chang An-lo
698: [
683: [
680:Chen Hu-men
661:Chen Chi-li
634:Chen Chi-li
460:Liú Yíliáng
274:Liú Yíliáng
138:Occupations
116:Nationality
3810:Categories
3770:23 January
2883:The Nation
2591:2009-06-24
2548:2009-06-24
2234:2009-06-24
1827:2007-11-12
1719:2007-11-12
1598:2007-11-13
1314:23 January
1147:23 January
1116:2007-11-13
992:References
900:certiorari
868:Civil suit
721:US$ 20,000
629:California
613:US$ 17,000
580:Wang Sheng
538:Communists
520:1932-12-07
482:Kuomintang
468:Chiang Nan
398:Chiang Nan
392:Wade–Giles
282:Wade–Giles
144:Journalist
58:1932-12-07
3210:1027-3999
3180:1027-3999
3150:1027-3999
3120:1027-3999
3090:1027-3999
3060:1027-3999
3030:1027-3999
3000:1027-3999
2970:147351116
2783:502063546
625:Daly City
595:San Mateo
526:Jingjiang
512:Biography
477:Jiāng Nán
443:Henry Liu
384:Jiāng Nán
184:Spouse(s)
124:Education
105:Monuments
66:Jingjiang
30:Henry Liu
2837:(1992).
2608:(2012).
952:See also
584:Long Yun
576:K. C. Wu
465:pen name
422:Kang Lâm
354:Jiangnan
323:Pen name
202:Children
3602:AP News
2800:13 June
2522:13 June
2478:13 June
2420:13 June
2394:20 June
2368:20 June
2259:13 June
2020:13 June
1963:13 June
1904:13 June
1878:13 June
1852:13 June
1801:13 June
1693:13 June
1660:13 June
1634:13 June
1572:13 June
1546:13 June
1491:13 June
1439:13 June
1413:13 June
1083:13 June
1014:Newseum
916:scandal
910:Fallout
530:Jiangsu
492:, then
447:Chinese
413:Hokkien
329:Chinese
303:Hokkien
187:Helen (
109:Newseum
72:, China
70:Jiangsu
3797:16 May
3730:12 May
3710:16 May
3689:16 May
3668:16 May
3651:16 May
3627:16 May
3607:16 May
3587:12 May
3567:12 May
3547:12 May
3527:12 May
3507:16 May
3486:16 May
3466:16 May
3446:12 May
3426:16 May
3406:16 May
3386:16 May
3366:16 May
3344:12 May
3323:16 May
3303:16 May
3283:16 May
3263:16 May
3243:16 May
3215:18 May
3208:
3185:18 May
3178:
3155:18 May
3148:
3125:18 May
3118:
3095:18 May
3088:
3065:18 May
3058:
3035:18 May
3028:
3005:18 May
2998:
2968:
2939:17 May
2922:
2898:
2872:16 May
2845:
2781:
2718:19 May
2691:19 May
2659:19 May
2629:19 May
2620:
2566:,
2497:,
2439:,
2342:12 May
2316:16 May
2287:16 May
2208:12 May
2182:12 May
2156:12 May
2130:16 May
2104:12 May
2075:12 May
2049:16 May
1994:12 May
1937:12 May
1775:12 May
1744:12 May
1520:12 May
1465:12 May
1349:12 May
1288:12 May
1252:: 137.
1229:16 May
1178:12 May
1045:16 May
771:hitman
717:Taiwan
695:Wu Tun
457::
455:pinyin
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