945:
178:
Doctor, permit him to visit, prescribe medication and perform operations. If he did not receive his doctorate in medicine he would remain assistant pharmacist, and he would be in economic need. Second, Carter was affected by the behavior of Gray concerning illustrations he made for the essay "On the structure and Use of the Spleen." The career of Gray, who was now a member of the Royal
Society, had been helped greatly by Carter's illustrations, who he had not even mentioned. All this made Carter very reticent on the proposal. Finally, Carter had almost completed the drawings requested by Gray on behalf of the School of Medicine, but had not yet been paid. In his diary, he expressed the stress which the already heavy workload for the doctorate and commissioned designs subjected him.
191:
101:
170:
22:
127:, one of the best anatomists of the Victorian era. However, the working conditions and livelihood at the Royal College were difficult for Carter because of the meager salary conferred on him by Queckett and Owen, who later managed to renegotiate, and his housing situation which consisted of a small room located in the attic of the museum adjacent to the Royal College. In addition, he was too absorbed in his illustrating job. In November 1853, he failed the exam for the Bachelor of Medicine degree at the
244:
regarding the most common infectious diseases in poor sections of the Indian population, being the first researcher in the Indian subcontinent to confirm the presence of endemic diseases such as tuberculosis, (of which Robert Koch would only discover the pathogen, the "Koch bacillus", in 1892) and malaria. He worked on
Spirillum or relapsing fever, for which he received a Stewart Prize in 1882.
161:
there emerged similarities between the two, especially with regard to the passion and seriousness with which both dedicated themselves to medicine, which helped to bring Carter and Gray together. Initial conflict occurred with respect to the payment that Carter received from Gray for his designs, being in need of money, and that he judged inadequate for his commitment.
182:
a verbal agreement. The partnership was working, they worked well together, continuing smoothly until
Christmas 1857. In December, Carter finally obtained his doctorate in medicine as well as the nomination for the post of "curatorship of pathology," for which he harbored many reservations due to his already busy schedule and, after a long reflection, he refused.
231:
her adultery. Carter could not legally obtain the annulment of the marriage as this would entail the loss of the legitimacy of his daughter, Eliza Lily, born in
September 1860. However, he never saw his wife, and came out destroyed by an experience that became publicly known quickly throughout Bombay. Carter was employed to the Indian Medical Service in
131:, which he eventually completed with honours in Physiology & Comparative Anatomy (one subject: 3rd place) and in Surgery (4th place) in December the following year. Meanwhile, Carter grew into the idea of fully devoting himself to research and microscopy. Back in London, he was approached by his colleague and professor of anatomy,
247:
After thirty years in India (1858-1888), Carter returned to
England to settle down next to Lily's sister and family at Scarborough. In retirement, Carter was appointed "Honorary Deputy Surgeon-General and Honorary Surgeon to the Queen". He married Ellen Robinson in 1890, with whom he had two children
82:
He studied at Hull
Grammar School but later abandoned his medical studies for economic reasons to pursue pharmacy-surgery. His parents expressed discomfort with the academic and social environment he was in so he transferred to London under the guidance of surgeon John Sawyer and took medical courses
181:
In
December 1855, the dire need for money prevailed on doubts about the honesty of Gray who, knowing the conditions of his colleague, had promised a monthly salary of ten pounds, which would surely manage to cover expenses until completion of his doctorate. On 8 January 1856, Carter and Gray came to
91:
at age 17. Carter matriculated at the
University of London in 1848 passed the Intermediate Examination in Medicine of the University of London in 1851, gaining honours in Anatomy and Physiology (one subject: 7th place) and in Chemistry (5th place). After the completion of his preclinical studies he
201:
The first version of Gray's
Anatomy, published by Parker, presented Gray and Carter in equal-sized characters names, followed by a caption on a smaller scale with each's titles. Gray was strongly opposed, believing that it took advantage of the absence of his colleague to claim that the name of his
230:
Meanwhile, Carter wrote the Indian
Medical Service examination and joined the service in January 1858 had moved to Bombay and was married to a woman named Harriet Bushell, only to discover that her real name was Amelia Adams, previously married and whose first marriage had been canceled because of
177:
Around 1855, Gray presented Carter the opportunity to partner with him in the drafting of an anatomy textbook for university students, tentatively titled Gray's Anatomy. Carter had, in fact, many doubts regarding the project. First, the Bachelor in Medicine did not allow him to acquire the rank of
160:
occurred probably around 1850 while they were both working at St. George's School of Medicine. In the summer of 1850 (when the two began working together in an essay on the spleen, titled "On the structure and Use of the Spleen"), Carter described Gray in his journal as a snob. However, over time
243:
and after a short residence he published a report on leprosy in the area. He was eventually awarded the titles of "Principal of Grant Medical College" and "First Physician at JJ Hospital" and was the secretary then president of the Bombay Medical Society, and went off to conduct medical research
239:, enjoying with satisfaction the good fortune of his book. He served in Satara from 1863 to 1872. Between 1872 and 1875 he took leave and returned to Europe and worked with visiting researchers of various European nationalities. Upon his return to India, he was sent to the peninsula of
92:
took a trip to Paris (1852-1853) to further his studies and reflect on what his specialization would be. Upon returning to London, however, he realized that in spite of his talent, all seats had already been awarded with no recommendation, and his career could not take off.
221:
In the final cover, a compromise was reached: the removal of the Carter title, while retaining an acceptable character illustration credit. The first edition of Gray's Anatomy was published in London in 1858 and Philadelphia in 1859, which was followed by a second in 1860.
74:, where he grew up. Information on Carter's private life is known in large part due to the diary that his grandmother gave him at age 14 and that he kept for life. His family was also very religious (Protestant) and Carter kept the diary as a kind of spiritual notebook.
122:
in which he supported researchers in the medical field as an artist and illustrator. The same year he was commissioned for a large number of designs for the St. George's School of Medicine and worked for John Queckett, the first expert of microscopy, and
369:
Henry Vandyke Carter, published for general information, in continuation of Government notification No. 4900, dated 7 December 1882: 'Memorandum on the prevention of leprosy by segregation of the affected. Govt. Central Press Bombay
236:
202:
illustrator was written in smaller letters with no titles that Carter had obtained. Publishers, however, considered his contributions significant, as seen in this caption in the introduction to the first edition:
1041:
198:
In January 1858, while he was finishing up the latest fixes on Gray's Anatomy, Carter passed an exam to provide medical services in India, where he stayed from the following 23 March.
1051:
1056:
1066:
1046:
169:
1007:
1006:
Devinder Mohan Thappa, Ramassamy Sivaranjini, Suresh P Joshipura, Deep Joshipura. "Henry Vandyke Carter and his meritorious works in India "
190:
100:
997:
252:
on 4 May 1897, at the age of 65. He and his wife are buried together in the cemetery in Scarborough. A commemorative plaque in
288:
Report on the prevalence & characters of leprosy in the Bombay Presidency, India, based on the official returns of 1867.
1061:
825:
Modern Indian leprosy: being the report of a tour in Kattiawar, 1876, with addenda on Norwegian, Cretan and Syrian leprosy
396:. „Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India". 3, ss. 45–48, 1888.
71:
37:
1031:
521:
282:
An account of the calculi contained in the Grant Medical College Museum, with some general remarks on calculi in India
600:
21:
1036:
113:
70:, the eldest son of the painter Henry Barlow Carter and mother Eliza Barlow. Soon after, his parents moved to
954:
84:
323:
208:"This work is illustrated by 363 woodcuts, from original drawings, chiefly from nature, by HV Carter..."
335:, 1876, with addenda on Norwegian, Cretan and Syrian leprosy. Bombay: Times of India Steam Press, 1876.
1026:
1021:
128:
135:, with a proposal: a new fully illustrated anatomy textbook for students, which he himself created.
109:
504:
63:
33:
152:
and others in 1852, and in 1856–1857 he drew the illustrations for the now famously illustrated
843:
973:
928:
901:
864:
810:
787:
741:
718:
695:
672:
157:
153:
50:
649:
626:
567:
544:
490:
467:
444:
958:
949:
891:
764:
878:
Thappa, Devindermohan; Sivaranjini, Ramassamy; Joshipura, Sureshp; Joshipura, Deep (2011).
1001:
994:
964:
Hiatt, JR; Hiatt, N (1995). "The forgotten first career of Doctor Henry Van Dyke Carter".
253:
340:
235:
in 1858 for the rest of his career, where he took up the post of Professor of Anatomy at
302:
294:
267:
1015:
921:
857:
803:
780:
757:
734:
711:
688:
665:
642:
619:
583:
560:
537:
483:
460:
437:
359:
355:/ by H. Vandyke Carter; communicated by James Andrew. London : J.E. Adlard, 1880
249:
124:
116:. Carter sacrificed part of his small budget for an insert in the medical journal
341:
On certain endemic skin and other diseases of India and hot climates generally
149:
132:
118:
378:: memoir based upon cases read before the Medical and Physical Society. 1884.
989:, with drawings by H. V. Carter, first American edition (Philadelphia, 1859)
896:
879:
360:
Spirillum fever: synonyms famine or relapsing fever as seen in Western India
41:
905:
977:
173:
Illustration of large arteries and veins in the neck; Henry Vandyke Carter
240:
984:
374:
331:
327:. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London ss. 300-302 (1875)
311:
Report on leprosy and leper-asylums in Norway, with references to India
67:
48:, and anatomical artist most notable for his illustrations of the book
45:
232:
88:
394:
Note on the occurrence of a minute blood spirillum in an Indian rat
382:
On a Peyerian ulcer-lesion of the small intestines, apparently new
295:
The microscopic structure and mode of formation of urinary calculi
189:
99:
20:
400:
Note on some aspects and relations of the blood-organisms in ague
995:
Gray's anatomy descriptive and surgical: a notable anniversary
422:
The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy. Bodies, Books, Fortune, Fame
353:
Contributions to the experimental pathology of spirillum fever
332:
Modern Indian leprosy: being the report of a tour in Kattiawar
612:
610:
601:"Historical Record of the University of London 1836 - 1912"
522:"Historical Record of the University of London 1836 - 1912"
880:"Henry Vandyke Carter and his meritorious works in India"
884:
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
388:
Observations on the prevention of leprosy by segregation
215:, introduction to the first edition by Parker Sr and Jr)
375:
The later history of spirillum fever at Bombay, 1882-83
842:, M.D.Lond, Br Med J. 1897 May 15; 1(1898): 1256–1257.
324:
Postscript to a note on the histology of lepra leprosa
108:In June 1853, Carter became a student in human and
920:
856:
802:
779:
756:
733:
710:
687:
664:
641:
618:
582:
559:
536:
482:
459:
436:
194:Draft of the first edition cover of Gray's Anatomy
256:honors his work as a physician and illustrator.
62:Henry Vandyke Carter was born on 22 May 1831 in
16:English anatomist, illustrator of Gray's Anatomy
505:"University of London General Register Part II"
156:. The first meeting between the two authors of
313:. London: G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode, 1874.
164:
955:Papers of Henry Vandyke Carter and his family
8:
186:First edition and controversy over the title
1042:Alumni of St George's, University of London
966:Journal of the American College of Surgeons
139:Collaborations with Gray and Gray's Anatomy
25:Henry Vandyke Carter, self-portrait, c.1870
303:On mycetoma or the fungus disease of India
895:
1052:People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire
213:Gray's Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical
168:
412:
946:Works by or about Henry Vandyke Carter
827:. Bombay: Times of India Steam Press.
363:. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1882.
319:London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1874.
298:. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1873.
278:l. J. W. Parker & Son, London 1858
268:On the Structure and Use of the Spleen
271:. J. W. Parker & Son, London 1854
165:Gray's proposal and Carter's decision
7:
1057:19th-century English medical doctors
367:Memoir on leprosy by Brigade-Surgeon
307:London: J. & A. Churchill, 1874.
927:. Oxford University Press. p.
923:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
863:. Oxford University Press. p.
859:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
809:. Oxford University Press. p.
805:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
786:. Oxford University Press. p.
782:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
759:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
736:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
713:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
690:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
667:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
644:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
621:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
585:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
562:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
539:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
485:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
462:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
439:The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy...
384:. Education Society's Press, 1886.
14:
987:Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
347:Reports on leprosy, second series
276:Anatomy, descriptive and surgica
104:Insert published in "The Lancet"
1067:Indian Medical Service officers
290:Education Society's Press, 1872
1047:People from Kingston upon Hull
1:
317:On leprosy and elephantiasis.
1083:
338:Tilbury Fox, T. Farquhar:
993:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
919:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
855:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
801:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
778:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
755:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
732:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
709:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
686:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
663:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
640:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
617:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
581:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
558:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
535:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
481:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
458:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
435:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
420:Richardson, Ruth (2008).
114:Royal College of Surgeons
897:10.4103/0378-6323.74973
138:
1000:8 October 2009 at the
845:, Visited 29. 4. 2013.
195:
174:
148:Carter began work for
105:
26:
237:Grant Medical College
193:
172:
103:
24:
1062:English illustrators
840:Henry Vandyke Carter
829:Henry Vandyke Carter
226:India and later life
129:University of London
85:St George's Hospital
30:Henry Vandyke Carter
510:. 1899. p. 29.
110:comparative anatomy
32:(born 22 May 1831,
1032:British anatomists
196:
175:
106:
27:
144:The first project
40:) was an English
1074:
1037:British surgeons
981:
959:Wellcome Library
950:Internet Archive
933:
932:
926:
916:
910:
909:
899:
875:
869:
868:
862:
852:
846:
837:
831:
821:
815:
814:
808:
798:
792:
791:
785:
775:
769:
768:
762:
752:
746:
745:
739:
729:
723:
722:
716:
706:
700:
699:
693:
683:
677:
676:
670:
660:
654:
653:
647:
637:
631:
630:
624:
614:
605:
604:
597:
591:
590:
588:
578:
572:
571:
565:
555:
549:
548:
542:
532:
526:
525:
518:
512:
511:
509:
501:
495:
494:
488:
478:
472:
471:
465:
455:
449:
448:
442:
432:
426:
425:
417:
402:. Calcutta, 1888
248:before dying of
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1012:
1011:
1002:Wayback Machine
963:
942:
937:
936:
918:
917:
913:
877:
876:
872:
854:
853:
849:
838:
834:
822:
818:
800:
799:
795:
777:
776:
772:
754:
753:
749:
731:
730:
726:
708:
707:
703:
685:
684:
680:
662:
661:
657:
639:
638:
634:
616:
615:
608:
599:
598:
594:
580:
579:
575:
557:
556:
552:
534:
533:
529:
520:
519:
515:
507:
503:
502:
498:
480:
479:
475:
457:
456:
452:
434:
433:
429:
419:
418:
414:
409:
349:. London: 1876.
262:
254:Belgrave Square
228:
188:
167:
146:
141:
98:
80:
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
991:
982:
961:
952:
941:
940:External links
938:
935:
934:
911:
870:
847:
832:
816:
793:
770:
747:
724:
701:
678:
655:
632:
606:
603:. p. 446.
592:
573:
550:
527:
524:. p. 422.
513:
496:
473:
450:
427:
411:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
371:
364:
356:
350:
344:
336:
328:
320:
314:
308:
299:
291:
285:
279:
272:
261:
260:Published work
258:
227:
224:
219:
218:
217:
216:
209:
187:
184:
166:
163:
158:Gray's Anatomy
154:Gray's Anatomy
145:
142:
140:
137:
97:
94:
79:
76:
59:
56:
51:Gray's Anatomy
36:– 4 May 1897,
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1079:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
990:
988:
985:Henry Gray's
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
953:
951:
947:
944:
943:
939:
930:
925:
924:
915:
912:
907:
903:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
871:
866:
861:
860:
851:
848:
844:
841:
836:
833:
830:
826:
820:
817:
812:
807:
806:
797:
794:
789:
784:
783:
774:
771:
766:
761:
760:
751:
748:
743:
738:
737:
728:
725:
720:
715:
714:
705:
702:
697:
692:
691:
682:
679:
674:
669:
668:
659:
656:
651:
646:
645:
636:
633:
628:
623:
622:
613:
611:
607:
602:
596:
593:
587:
586:
577:
574:
569:
564:
563:
554:
551:
546:
541:
540:
531:
528:
523:
517:
514:
506:
500:
497:
492:
487:
486:
477:
474:
469:
464:
463:
454:
451:
446:
441:
440:
431:
428:
424:. p. 35.
423:
416:
413:
406:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
361:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
343:
342:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
325:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
304:
300:
297:
296:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:
264:
263:
259:
257:
255:
251:
245:
242:
238:
234:
225:
223:
214:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
199:
192:
185:
183:
179:
171:
162:
159:
155:
151:
143:
136:
134:
130:
126:
121:
120:
115:
111:
102:
95:
93:
90:
86:
78:Early studies
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
53:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
986:
972:(5): 464–6.
969:
965:
922:
914:
890:(1): 101–3.
887:
883:
873:
858:
850:
839:
835:
828:
824:
819:
804:
796:
781:
773:
758:
750:
735:
727:
712:
704:
689:
681:
666:
658:
643:
635:
620:
595:
584:
576:
561:
553:
538:
530:
516:
499:
484:
476:
461:
453:
438:
430:
421:
415:
399:
393:
387:
381:
373:
366:
358:
352:
346:
339:
330:
322:
316:
310:
301:
293:
287:
281:
275:
274:Henry Gray:
266:
265:Henry Gray:
250:tuberculosis
246:
229:
220:
212:
200:
197:
180:
176:
147:
125:Richard Owen
117:
107:
96:Early career
81:
61:
49:
29:
28:
18:
1027:1897 deaths
1022:1831 births
823:Carter HV:
566:. pp.
443:. pp.
72:Scarborough
38:Scarborough
1016:Categories
763:. p.
740:. p.
717:. p.
694:. p.
671:. p.
648:. p.
625:. p.
543:. p.
489:. p.
466:. p.
407:References
150:Henry Gray
133:Henry Gray
119:The Lancet
58:Childhood
42:anatomist
998:Archived
906:21220897
241:Junagadh
978:7582216
957:at the
948:at the
390:. 1887.
284:. 1860.
112:at the
68:England
46:surgeon
976:
904:
233:Bombay
89:London
568:56–57
508:(PDF)
445:36–37
974:PMID
902:PMID
370:1884
64:Hull
34:Hull
970:181
929:264
892:doi
865:263
811:242
788:241
742:186
719:164
696:168
673:147
87:in
83:at
1018::
968:.
900:.
888:77
886:.
882:.
650:45
627:44
609:^
545:49
491:50
468:36
66:,
54:.
44:,
980:.
931:.
908:.
894::
867:.
813:.
790:.
767:.
765:5
744:.
721:.
698:.
675:.
652:.
629:.
589:.
570:.
547:.
493:.
470:.
447:.
305:.
211:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
