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took part or not. Vaughan states complete satisfaction at being clean of "innocent blood", but also provides seemingly eyewitness accounts of battles and his own "soldiery". Although
Vaughan is thought to have been a Royalist, these poems express contempt for all current authority and show a lack of zeal for the Royalist cause. His poems generally reflect a sense of severe decline, which may mean he lamented the effects of the war on the monarchy and society. His short poem "The Timber", ostensibly about a dead tree, concludes: "thy strange resentment after death / Means only those who broke – in life – thy peace."
565:
Wordsworth. His mind thinks in terms of a physical and spiritual world and the obscure relation between the two, often moved to original, unfamiliar, remote places reflected in his poetry. He was loyal to the themes of the
Anglican Church and religious festivals, but found his true voice in the more mystical themes of eternity, communion with the dead, nature, and childhood. He was a "poet of revelation" who used the Bible, Nature and his own experience to illustrate his vision of eternity. This gives Vaughan's poetry a particularly modern sound.
272:, who had died in 1643. Thomas had clearly attended Cartwright's lectures, which were a draw at the time: "When He did read, how did we flock to hear!" Henry apparently had not, as his poem "Upon the poems and plays of the ever-memorable Mr William Cartwright" begins with the words, "I did but see thee." This and the 1647 poem "Upon Mr Fletcher's plays" are celebrations of Royalist volumes that implied "a reaffirmation of Cavalier ideals and a gesture of defiance against the society which had repudiated them."
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396:
suffered a prolonged sickness that inflicted much pain. Vaughan interprets this experience as an encounter with death that alerted him to a "misspent youth". Vaughan believed he had been spared to make amends and start a new course not only in his life but in the literature he would produce. He described his previous work as foul and a contribution to "corrupt literature". Perhaps the most notable mark of
Vaughan's conversion is how much it is credited to
1697:
820:
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334:(The Swan of Usk). However, it was not published until 1651, over three years after it was written, which presumably reflects some crisis in Vaughan's life. During those years, his grandfather William Vaughan died and he was evicted from his living in Llansantffraed. Vaughan later decried the publication, having "long ago condemned these poems to obscurity."
518:, for example in the passage, "Let sensual natures judge as they please, but for my part, I shall hold it no paradoxe to affirme, there are no pleasures in the world. Some coloured griefes of blushing woes there are, which look as clear as if they were true complexions; but it is very sad and tyred truth, that they are but painted." This echoes Herbert's
151:(1652) show his authenticity and depth of convictions. Two more volumes of secular verse followed, ostensibly without his sanction, but it is his religious verse that has been acclaimed. He also translated short moral and religious works and two medical works in prose. In the 1650s he began a lifelong medical practice.
400:. Vaughan claims he is the least of Herbert's many "pious converts". The influence of Herbert's poetry has been widely noted, with many of Vaughan's works based on works by Herbert. It was during this period of Vaughan's life, around 1650, that he adopted the saying "Moriendo, revixi" – by dying, I gain new life.
556:
denies that
Vaughan was solely an imitator of Herbert. There are moments when the reader can see Vaughan's true self, where he shows naturalness, immediacy and ability to relate the concrete through poetry. In some cases he draws observations from Herbert's language that are distinctly his own. It is
502:
is most often classed with this collection of
Herbert's, as it borrows the same themes, experience and beliefs. Herbert's influence is evident in the shape and the spirituality of Vaughan's poetry. For example, the opening to Vaughan's poem "Unprofitableness" – "How rich, O Lord! How fresh thy visits
485:
took the view, "As a divine
Vaughan may be inferior , but as a poet he is certainly superior." Critics praise Vaughan's use of literary elements. His monosyllables, long-drawn alliterations and ability to compel the reader to rate him as "more than the equal of George Herbert". Yet others say the two
364:
represents a specific period in
Vaughan's life, which emphasises other secular writers and provides allusions to debt and happy living. A fervent topic of Vaughan throughout the poems is the Civil War, and it reveals Vaughan's somewhat paradoxical thinking, which ultimately fails to show whether he
564:
At these times
Vaughan shows himself different from any other poet. Much of the distinction comes from an apparent lack of sympathy with the world about him. His aloof appeal to his surroundings detaches him and displays his love of nature and mysticism. This in turn influenced later poets such as
548:
Critics have argued that
Vaughan is enslaved to Herbert's works, using similar "little tricks" such as abrupt introductions and whimsical titles as a framework for his work, and "failing to learn" from Herbert. Vaughan was said to be unable to know his limits and focus more on the intensity of the
571:
Vaughan drew on personal loss in two well-known poems: "The World" and "They Are All Gone into the World of Light". Another, "The
Retreat", combines the theme of loss with the corruption of childhood, which is yet another consistent theme of his. Vaughan's new-found personal voice and persona are
612:
Henry Vaughan was acclaimed less in his lifetime than after his death, on 23 April 1695 aged 74. He was buried in the churchyard of St Bride's, Llansantffraed, Powys, where he had spent most of his life. The grave is visited by enthusiasts and has been the inspiration for other poets, including
263:
Recent research in the Jesus College archives, however, suggests that Henry did not enter Jesus College before 1641, unless he did so in 1639 without matriculating or paying an admission fee, and left before the record in the surviving buttery books resumes in December of that year. It has been
395:
that Vaughan received significant acclaim. The period shortly preceding the publication of the first volume of the work (1650) marked an important period of his life. Certain indications in the first volume and explicit statements in the preface to the second volume (1655) suggest that Vaughan
1323:"My soul, there is a country (Vaughan, set by (Jean Mary Anderson, Gordon Ware Binkerd, George Dyson, Olivier Greif, Charles Hubert Hastings Parry, Sir, Kees Schoonenbeek)) (The LiederNet Archive: Texts and Translations to Lieder, mélodies, canzoni, and other classical vocal music)"
486:
are not even comparable, as Herbert is in fact the Master. While these commentators admit that Henry Vaughan's use of words can be superior to Herbert's, they believe his poetry is, in fact, worse. Herbert's superiority is said to rest on his profundity and consistency.
561:– often the source of comparison between the two writers – lays down explicit instructions on its reading. This contrasts with Vaughan's attitude that the experience of reading is the best guide to his meanings, so that he promoted no special reading method.
344:
that beg attention, despite its dark and morbid cognitive appeal. It is founded on crises felt in Vaughan's homeland, Brecknockshire. No major battle was fought there in the Civil War, but the effects of the war were deeply felt by him and his community. The
198:
for adhering to Catholicism. As she survived into Vaughan's boyhood, there may have been some direct Catholic influence on his early nurturing. Vaughan shared ancestry with the Herbert family through the daughter of a famous Welsh knight,
290:
By 1646, Vaughan had married Catherine Wise, with whom he reared a son, Thomas, and three daughters, Lucy, Frances, and Catherine. His courtship with his first wife is reflected in "Upon the Priory Grove", in his first volume of poetry,
233:, to whom both wrote tributes. Matthew Herbert may have reinforced a devotion to church and monarchy the boys had learnt at home. Like several of Vaughan's clerical acquaintances, he later proved uncompromising during the
478:
Vaughan was much indebted to George Herbert, who provided a model for his new-found spiritual life and literary career, showing a "spiritual quickening and the gift of gracious feeling" derived from Herbert.
489:
Certainly Vaughan would have never written the way he did without Herbert's posthumous direction. (The latter had died in 1633.) The explicit spiritual influence here is all but proclaimed in the preface to
918:
William Vaughan's children included Thomas Vaughan (died 1658), who m. the heiress of Newton in Llansantffraed; Henry Vaughan the Silurist (q. v.) and Thomas Vaughan (q. v.) were their sons.
256:
1638, aged 17 years. There is no clear record to establish Henry's residence or matriculation, but the assumption of his association with Oxford, supported by his inclusion in
557:
as if Vaughan takes proprietorship of some of Herbert's work, yet makes it unique to himself. Vaughan takes another step away from Herbert in his presentation. Herbert in
568:
Alliteration, conspicuous in Welsh poetry, is more commonly used by Vaughan than by most of his contemporaries in English, noticeably in the opening to "The Water-fall".
411:(1652), a prose book of devotions providing prayers for various stages in the day, for prayer in church and for other purposes. It appears as a "companion volume" to the
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1604:
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Thomas Vaughan later remarked that "English is a Language the Author was not born to." Both boys were sent to school under Matthew Herbert, Rector of
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Vaughan took his literary inspiration from his native environment and chose the descriptive name "Silurist", derived from his homage to the
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and Denise Jenkin (born c. 1593), the only daughter and heir of David and Gwenllian Morgan of Llansantffraed. Vaughan had a twin brother,
628:
Vaughan is recognised as an "example of a poet who can write both graceful and effective prose". He influenced the work of poets such as
633:
1874:
1182:. London UK: Gale 1995. pp. ix–ci Blackburn, 1871, reprinted in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800, Vol. 27, ed. Person J E.
1839:
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By 1647, Vaughan with his wife and children had chosen life in the countryside. This was the setting in which Vaughan wrote
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712:"Christ's Nativity" and "Peace" set by the American composer Timothy Hoekman in his 1992 sequence of three songs entitled
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804:
320:
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Vaughan was kin to two powerful Welsh families, one Catholic, one Protestant. His paternal grandfather, William, owned
1859:
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There is a marked difference in the atmosphere Vaughan attempts to convey in this work and in his most famous work,
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287:. Vaughan is thought to have served briefly in the Royalist army. On his return, he began to practise medicine.
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suggested that Henry went to Oxford later, after Thomas, based on poems each wrote for a 1651 edition of the
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886:
703:
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440:
319:. The name reflects the love Vaughan felt for the Welsh mountains of his home, in what is now part of the
1141:, trans. and introd. Edward Clarke, Contemplative Poetry 9 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303522
412:
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131:, author and translator writing in English, and a medical physician. His religious poetry appeared in
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show Thomas Vaughan being admitted in May 1638. It is thought that Henry went up at the same time;
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1436:
Rev. Alexander B. Grosart (ed.): "Essay on the Life and Writings of Henry Vaughan, Silurist", in
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This is an example of an especially beautiful fragment of one of his poems entitled 'The World':
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Vaughan practised medicine, perhaps as early as the 1640s. He attached to the second volume of
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developed, Vaughan was recalled home from London, initially to serve as a secretary to Sir
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295:(1646). After his first wife's death, he married her sister, Elizabeth, probably in 1655.
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in his 2004 choral work "As Angels in some brighter dreams" and first performed by
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Matar, Nabil I. "George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, and the Conversion of the Jews".
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439:(1654) contains translations from the Latin of two works by the Spanish Jesuit
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is often seen as the inspiration and model on which Vaughan created his work.
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904:"VAUGHAN family, of Tretower Court, parish of Llanfihangel Cwm-du, Brecknock"
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was published. Meanwhile he had been persuaded by reading the religious poet
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1499:
The Transformation of Sin: Studies in Donne, Herbert, Vaughan, and Traherne
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415:, to which it alludes frequently, although it had been outlawed under the
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1438:
The Works in Verse and Prose Complete of Henry Vaughan, Silurist, Vol. II
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Images of Wales: St Bride's Church, Llansantffraed juxta Usk, Breconshire
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The Works in Verse and Prose Complete of Henry Vaughan, Silurist, Vol. II
494:. The prose of Vaughan exemplifies this as well. For instance, Herbert's
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719:"They Are All Gone into the World of Light" set by the British composer
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Henry Vaughan & George Herbert: Divine Themes and Celestial Praise
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341:
1309:"Boosey & Hawkes Composers, Classical Music and Jazz Repertoire"
1036:
Mathias, Roland (1975). Roland (ed.). "In Search of the Silurist".
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190:. His paternal grandmother, Frances, was the natural daughter of
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Brigid Allen, "The Vaughans at Jesus College, Oxford, 1638–48",
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valley, where he spent most of his early and professional life.
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On the Poems of Henry Vaughan: Characteristics and Intimations
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The Rhetoric of the Conscience in Donne, Herbert, and Vaughan
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Silex Scintillans, East Brunswick, New Jersey, 1981, p. 235.]
167:, the eldest known child of Thomas Vaughan (c. 1586–1658) of
1176:
Essay on the Life and Writings of Henry Vaughan, Silurist --
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only one publication directly juxtaposes the related works:
989:
Scintilla, The Journal of the Usk Valley Vaughan Association
877:
Hutchinson 1947, p. 14, citing Martin's 1st edition, p. 667.
283:, a chief justice on the Brecknockshire circuit and staunch
1565:− The Cambridge History of English and American Literature.
1096:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
976:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
353:
and Royalists. Vaughan also lost his home at that time.
1417:
Henry Vaughan: The Achievement of the Silex Scintillans
1127:. New Jersey: Associated University Presses, Inc, 1981.
1125:
Henry Vaughan: The Achievement of the Silex Scintillans
660:"The Evening-Watch: Dialogue between Body and Soul" by
252:
states, "He made his first entry into Jesus College in
950:, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984, ed. Alan Rudrum with
803:(1678), a joint collection of poetry with his brother
549:
poem, meanwhile losing the attention of his audience.
1363:
Rudrum, Alan (25 September 2014). "Vaughan, Henry".
514:
Another work of Vaughan's that parallels Herbert is
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789:Several translations from the Latin contributed to
466:. He went on to produce a translation of Nollius's
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786:(1657), translated from the Latin of Henry Nollius
780:(1655), translated from the Latin of Henry Nollius
572:seen to result of the death of a younger brother.
991:, 4:2000, pp. 68–78, cited by Alan Rudrum in the
738:Poems, with the Tenth Satire of Juvenal Englished
590:And round beneath it, Time in hours, days, years
293:Poems, with the Tenth Satire of Juvenal Englished
137:Poems, with the Tenth Satire of Juvenal Englished
135:in 1650, with a second part in 1655. In 1646 his
1577:Examples of Henry Vaughan's varied poetic forms
1154:, s.v. Henry Vaughan Retrieved 24 November 2018.
1013:Rudrum, "Complete Poems of Henry Vaughan, p. 88.
217:. He is not known to have claimed kinship with
159:Henry Vaughan was born at Newton by Usk in the
1558:Index entry for Henry Vaughan at Poets' Corner
1022:P. W. Thomas, "Sir John Berkenhead 1617–1679.
671:poem "Welcome, sweet and sacred feast" set by
510:Are thy returns! ev'n as the flowers in spring
1598:
598:Like a vast shadow mov'd; in which the world
582:Like a great ring of pure and endless light,
8:
1501:. Montreal:McGill-Queen's University Press.
1369:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
930:
928:
926:
850:
848:
127:(17 April 1621 – 23 April 1695) was a Welsh
1440:. Blackburn, 1871, pp. ix–ci. Reprinted in
1431:. London: World Jewish Library. p. 41.
699:(1916–1918): "My soul, there is a country".
1605:
1591:
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1457:Henry Vaughan (1957). L. C. Martin (ed.).
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1024:A Royalist Career in Politics and Polemics
1004:Rudrum, "Works of Thomas Vaughan," p. 582.
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962:
960:
409:The Mount of Olives, or Solitary Devotions
266:Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, with Other Poems
27:
19:For other people named Henry Vaughan, see
1260:. University of Wales Press. p. 79.
1468:Journal of Studies in English Literature
1196:, Churchman Publishing, Worthing, 1985.
1026:(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1969), p. 177.
936:Henry Vaughan, A life and Interpretation
503:are!" – recalls Herbert's 'The Flower':
371:includes translations from the Latin of
349:Parliament visited misfortune, ejecting
1433:Katz, Philo-Semitism, pp. 185–186.
1366:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1358:
1356:
1257:Welsh Periodicals in English: 1882–2012
1044:(2). Swansea: Christopher Davies: 6–35.
993:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
867:Britannica. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
844:
644:also named Vaughan as a key influence.
443:, one by a 5th-century Bishop of Lyon,
1442:Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800
1396:Oxford Companion to English Literature
1337:"As Angels in some brighter dreams..."
1152:Oxford Companion to English Literature
1080:Oxford Companion to English Literature
855:Oxford Companion to English Literature
766:Mount of Olives, or Solitary Devotions
640:. The American science fiction writer
507:How fresh, O Lord, how sweet and clean
451:, of whom Vaughan wrote a prose life.
241:, and he narrowly avoided banishment.
221:, but may have been aware of the tie.
1419:. Associated University Presses, Inc.
1398:, s.v. Henry Vaughan; T. O. Calhoun,
7:
887:Powys Literary Links – Henry Vaughan
740:(1646), includes a translation of a
143:to renounce "idle verse". The prose
110:Catherine Vaughan, Elizabeth Vaughan
1284:The Collected Poems of Brian Morris
656:have been set to music, including:
16:Welsh metaphysical poet (1621–1695)
1835:17th-century Welsh medical doctors
1287:. Rare Books & Berry Limited.
1174:Grosart, Rev. Alexander B. (ed.).
1057:"VAUGHAN, HENRY (1621-1695), poet"
1055:Wright, Herbert Gladstone (1959).
538:Coloure'd griefs indeed there are,
419:. The work was also influenced by
14:
1243:. R. Cobden-Sanderson. p. 8.
1237:Edmund Blunden (1 January 1927).
1194:Henry Vaughan, Poet of Revelation
970:A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller, eds
541:Blushing woes that look as clear,
535:First, there is no pleasure here:
194:, who spent some 24 years in the
1695:
1544:
1214:Henry Vaughan, 'The World' – RPO
818:
532:Than my strict yet welcome size.
391:It was not until the writing of
1855:Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
1528:Works by or about Henry Vaughan
677:Welcome, sweet and sacred feast
579:I saw Eternity the other night,
433:Collection of Private Devotions
1845:17th-century Christian mystics
1254:Malcolm Ballin (1 June 2013).
889:BBC Mid Wales, 3 January 2006.
652:Several poems by Vaughan from
601:And all her train were hurl'd.
544:As if they could beauty spare.
526:In this world of sugar's lies,
21:Henry Vaughan (disambiguation)
1:
1062:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
909:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
340:is filled with odd words and
207:, the "Davy Gam, esquire" of
1383:UK public library membership
708:The Country Beyond the Stars
387:Conversion and sacred poetry
321:Brecon Beacons National Park
1543:(public domain audiobooks)
1450:The Works of George Herbert
1415:Calhoun, Thomas O. (1981).
585:All calm, as it was bright,
529:And to use a larger measure
315:that strongly resisted the
1891:
1563:The Sacred Poets. Ch. 9–13
1483:. Oxford University Press.
1461:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1459:The Works of Henry Vaughan
1452:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1448:Hutchinson, F. E. (1945).
938:, Oxford: Clarenden Press.
163:(St. Bridget's) parish of
18:
1875:17th-century male writers
1693:
1227:. Accessed 19 April 2014.
1067:National Library of Wales
914:National Library of Wales
716:for soprano and orchestra
311:tribe of pre-Roman south
260:, is reasonable enough."
237:. He was imprisoned, his
1840:17th-century Welsh poets
954:, alias Jennifer Speake.
934:F. E. Hutchinson, 1947.
458:(1655) a translation of
1479:Sullivan, Ceri (2008).
952:Jennifer Drake-Brockman
948:Works of Thomas Vaughan
441:Juan Eusebio Nieremberg
68:, Brecknockshire, Wales
1537:Works by Henry Vaughan
1519:Works by Henry Vaughan
1375:10.1093/ref:odnb/28130
857:, s. v. Henry Vaughan.
807:, after Thomas's death
756:(1647, published 1651)
725:The Shrewsbury Chorale
689:, set as the first of
379:, and the Polish poet
1340:shrewsburychorale.org
1281:Brian Morris (2001).
1082:, s.v. Henry Vaughan.
702:Several poems set by
593:Driv'n by the spheres
413:Book of Common Prayer
246:Jesus College, Oxford
244:The buttery books of
403:The first volume of
1614:Metaphysical poetry
1554:(PoetSeers website)
1400:The achievement of
1123:Calhoun, Thomas O.
239:property was seized
209:William Shakespeare
1860:Protestant mystics
778:Hermetical Physics
772:Flores Solitudinis
746:by the Latin poet
464:Hermetical Physick
437:Flores Solitudinis
381:Casimir Sarbiewski
270:William Cartwright
258:Athenae Oxoniensis
149:Solitary Devotions
1850:Anglo-Welsh poets
1812:
1811:
1769:Sir John Suckling
1761:Katherine Philips
1523:Project Gutenberg
1381:(Subscription or
1294:978-0-9539951-0-3
1267:978-0-7083-2615-2
900:Jones, Evan David
760:Silex Scintillans
696:Songs of Farewell
654:Silex Scintillans
638:Siegfried Sassoon
615:Siegfried Sassoon
554:Alexander Grosart
500:Silex Scintillans
492:Silex Scintillans
483:Archbishop Trench
474:Poetic influences
456:Silex Scintillans
421:Lancelot Andrewes
405:Silex Scintillans
393:Silex Scintillans
358:Silex Scintillans
133:Silex Scintillans
129:metaphysical poet
122:
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101:Silex Scintillans
62:(aged 73–74)
44:Newton St Bridget
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1870:Welsh male poets
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784:The Chymists Key
648:Musical settings
608:Death and legacy
468:The Chymists Key
449:Paulinus of Nola
407:was followed by
64:Scethrog House,
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795:Humane Industry
762:(1650 and 1655)
734:
706:in his cantata
683:, Op. 27 (1953)
650:
610:
516:Mount of Olives
476:
425:Preces Privatae
389:
301:
281:Marmaduke Lloyd
254:Michaelmas term
227:
196:Tower of London
192:Thomas Somerset
175:, who became a
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727:on 5 June 2004
721:Howard Goodall
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97:Notable works
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58:23 April 1695
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41:17 April 1621
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60:(1695-04-23)
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1830:1695 deaths
1825:1621 births
1803:T. S. Eliot
1771:(1609–1642)
1763:(1632–1664)
1755:(1649-1728)
1747:(1583–1648)
1723:(1595–1640)
1705:Minor poets
1687:(1622–1695)
1655:(1618–1667)
1647:(1621–1678)
1639:(1593–1633)
1631:(1572–1631)
1621:Major poets
1345:15 February
669:Eucharistic
427:(1615) and
235:interregnum
231:Llangattock
203:, slain at
177:philosopher
1819:Categories
1629:John Donne
1507:0870231588
1409:References
1385:required.)
630:Wordsworth
559:The Temple
496:The Temple
429:John Cosin
201:Dafydd Gam
155:Early life
73:Occupation
1737:John Hall
1444:, Vol. 27
978:, Vol 7.
470:in 1657.
447:, and by
445:Eucherius
351:Anglicans
325:River Usk
277:Civil War
225:Education
205:Agincourt
181:alchemist
115:Relatives
1541:LibriVox
1497:. 1974.
1427:(1971).
902:(1959).
812:See also
634:Tennyson
435:(1627).
377:Boethius
323:and the
285:royalist
169:Tretower
1788:Critics
1530:at the
748:Juvenal
347:Puritan
342:similes
305:Silures
275:As the
214:Henry V
50:, Wales
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797:(1661)
774:(1654)
768:(1652)
743:Satire
664:(1924)
317:Romans
309:Celtic
107:Spouse
92:Poetry
81:Period
840:Notes
732:Works
687:Peace
313:Wales
89:Genre
1503:ISBN
1474:(1).
1347:2021
1289:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1198:ISBN
667:The
636:and
621:and
552:Yet
520:Rose
373:Ovid
307:, a
179:and
147:and
76:Poet
55:Died
38:Born
1571:at
1539:at
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