806:, where Edward Balliol was crowned King of Scots on 24 September. The coronation was a tense and unhappy occasion, for the new king and his small army were isolated in a sullen and hostile country. At the banquet, after the coronation ceremony, it is said that the guests remained fully armed, save for their helmets. There was good reason for this; for it is also said that the local people attached themselves to Balliol more from fear than love. The terror of the new regime soon spread, and the priors of St. Andrews wrote of the lordship of Edward Balliol and Henry Beaumont, and their inability to collect the dues from their church at Fordun 'for fear of the said Lord Henry.'
761:, the only two noblemen to be officially recognised as disinherited by the English and Scottish governments. He wrote to the young King David II in December, requesting restoration of the lands of the 'Earl of Buchan' and the 'Lord of Liddesdale'. But Edward must have realised that there was little chance of the Scots accepting Beaumont and Wake in their midst. It would make little sense to hand over important lands in the west march and the north-east of Scotland to men whose personal and political loyalties lay with a potential enemy, and who were widely known to be vehement opponents of the Treaty of Northampton. David's guardian
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918:, virtually lost all interest in the future well-being of Balliol and his hopeless cause. Even Henry Beaumont, the most determined of the disinherited, had had enough. Rather than return to Scotland with Balliol, the old warrior accompanied King Edward to the Low Countries, from whence he had come with his royal grandfather in 1298, where he died in March 1340, his long struggle incomplete. His son, John, never claimed the lost earldom of Buchan. When Beaumont's wife, Alice, died in 1349 the Comyn line of Buchan, which stretched back to the early thirteenth century, finally came to an end.
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chivalry over one of his most destructive military adventures. English action took the form of a large-scale punitive raid, intended to knock out Scots resistance and, at the same time, forestall a possible French landing in the north-east. Edward initially gave command to Henry of
Lancaster, Beaumont's son-in-law; although he eventually decided to take charge in person. Edward advanced into Aberdeenshire in the summer of 1336. Beaumont came with him, as did Edward Balliol. Kathrine was duly rescued, while the north-east was subject to widespread destruction.
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of the said two lords. Some of the
English fled to the castle, others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day.
453:, King Robert's nephew, who was the leader of the Scottish advanced guard, hearing that his uncle had repulsed the advanced guard of the English on the other side of the wood, thought that he must have his share, and issuing from the wood with his division marched across the open ground towards the two afore-named lords.
741:. Beaumont, moreover, provided much of the financial support that allowed the impecunious Balliol to descend on Scotland at the head of an army of freebooters. But his principal loyalty was to himself and then to Edward III; for, as time would show, Edward Balliol was a hook on which he hung the cloak of his ambitions.
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Even so, the hold of the disinherited lords was no more certain than before. By
September 1334 Edward Balliol, faced with a full-scale revolt, sent urgent appeals to England for yet more assistance. To make matters even worse his followers, who had been brought together by greed for land, were driven
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contains a colourful story, not repeated in any other source, that
Balliol had incurred the displeasure of the King of France, and had to be rescued from imprisonment by Beaumont's special pleadings. What is certain is that he was finally persuaded to leave France and come to England in the winter of
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The driving force, as always, was Henry
Beaumont, the lead conspirator of the disinherited. It was he who formed the 'party' of the disinherited in the period after the peace of Northampton: he who encouraged Balliol, with Edward III's approval, to leave his French estates and come to England. He was
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in 1322. However, when Edward II entered into truce negotiations with the Scots in May 1323, Beaumont, hitherto a close associate of the king, argued against any agreement which disregarded the claims of the disinherited, for whom he had become the leading spokesman. Edward overruled
Beaumont and the
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of Avoch and
Bothwell, the new Guardian of Scotland. Under continual attack, and running short of supplies, he was compelled to surrender on 23 December 1334. After a brief imprisonment, he was ransomed and returned to England in time for the summer campaign of 1335. When he came back to Scotland it
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In the
November after Bannockburn, Beaumont was one of those affected by the sentence of forfeiture passed by the Scottish parliament against all those with land and title in Scotland who continued to fight with the English. Thus was created that class of nobility known as the disinherited. Although
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So saying, he spurred in between
Beaumont and Sir William Deyncourt and charged into the thick of the enemy. William was killed, Thomas was taken prisoner, his horse being killed on the pikes, and he himself carried off with the Scots on foot when they marched off, having utterly routed the squadron
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It was clear that, in the absence of widespread native support, the adventure could only prosper with the open support of King Edward. As bait
Balliol wrote to him offering to cede all of south-east Scotland to England. This proposal was carried south by Henry Beaumont and David de Strathbogie, who
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Sometime between 1330 and 1331 Beaumont conceived a plan to invade Scotland at the head of a private army, headed by himself and Edward Balliol. The first contact between Balliol and Beaumont had been in 1330. In 1331 these approaches became more serious. In June both he and Strathbogie crossed the
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In January 1333 Edward finally dropped the pretence of neutrality: Edward Balliol was formally recognised as King of Scotland and promised military aid. Subsidies were now paid to Beaumont and the others, to help prepare for a fresh invasion. In July a fresh Scots army was cut to pieces at Halidon
786:. Beaumont then visited King Edward and obtained an important concession: he would not allow the disinherited to cross the border in open breach of the Treaty of Northampton, but he would not stop them sailing from English ports. By the summer of 1332, all was ready and a small army of archers and
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was retaken. Only Cupar Castle in Fife and remote Lochindorb kept his cause alive. In Lochindorb the widow of Strathbogie, Kathrine Beaumont, daughter of Henry Beaumont, had been under siege by Moray since late 1335. The rescue of Kathrine Beaumont was to allow Edward III to drape a cloak of high
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In assuming power Edward would have been mindful of the support he had received from Beaumont. He would also have been aware that while the restless earl was a useful friend he was also a dangerous enemy. Beaumont's shifting loyalties since 1323 had all been dictated by his overriding desire to
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Beaumont was an active participant in Edward's invasion of Scotland in 1335, the largest he ever mounted on behalf of his hapless protege; but the results were no more lasting than before. In November the uncertain gains of the summer were wiped out by Moray's victory over Strathbogie at the
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From near extinction, the cause of the disinherited was now revived; but it needed direction and focus. Above all, it needed a cause, something greater than frustrated ambition. By the early 1330s, the cause had become Edward Balliol, in the judgement of some the rightful King of Scotland.
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The peace of Northampton seemed to end forever the hopes of the disinherited. Two things changed this: the death of King Robert Bruce in 1329, followed in 1330 by a palace coup in England, which saw the overthrow and execution of Roger Mortimer and the assumption of full powers by King
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Edward Balliol is clearly an important figure, but it is difficult to decide if he was the author of his own ambitions or a lever for the designs of others. He took no part in the first war, and it is doubtful if he had any military experience before he came to Scotland in 1332.
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rose in revolt in late 1328 he was joined by Henry Beaumont, Thomas Wake, Henry Ferrers, Thomas Rosselin and David de Strathbogie, the latter now married to Beaumont's daughter, Katherine. This was the nucleus of the party soon to be prominent supporters of
831:, using the same battle tactics as Dupplin Moor. Once again the disinherited advanced into Scotland. Henry Beaumont was able to return to Buchan where, according to Andrew Wyntoun, he repaired the old Comyn stronghold of Dundarg on the
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was king, bringing the inevitable tensions that follow from a royal minority. Edward, for the time being at least, maintained the peace with Scotland, but he was known to share the views of many of his countrymen that Northampton was a
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Henry Beaumont, to avenge his son-in-law, the Earl of Atholl, who was slain at Culblean, either cast into prison or put to cruel death all who had taken part in the engagement in which he was slain; whereby much innocent blood was
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in 1333. Although not now a widely known figure, he was, nevertheless, of considerable military and political importance. His long experience in the Scottish wars led him to develop a battle technique later used to great effect at
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recover the earldom of Buchan. But Edward embraced the cause of the disinherited for reasons more subtle than simple gratitude: for Beaumont's tireless plotting eventually provided the occasion to set aside the peace of 1328.
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As one of a group of Anglo-Scots nobles later known as the 'disinherited'—Englishmen whose Scottish lands had been forfeited—he was to do much to overturn the peace between England and Scotland established by the
374:. He was again summoned to the English parliament from 22 January 1334 through to 16 November 1339, as Earl of Buchan. He sat in the Scottish parliament of Edward Balliol on 10 February 1334, as Earl of Buchan.
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was arrested in March 1330 and charged with conspiring to restore Edward II, whom he had been deluded into believing was still alive, he alleged at his trial that Beaumont had met him in
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It was in this season that Henry Beaumont embarked on his last actions in Scotland, by seeking vengeance against those whom he held responsible for the death of his son-in-law. The
552:. The rising was short-lived; and when Lancaster submitted in January 1329, Wake and Strathbogie also made their peace. Not so Henry Beaumont, who was specifically excluded from
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516:(of which he was a member), after which he retired from Court to continue his intrigues in exile, eventually joining forces with Edward's estranged wife, Queen
710:—a shameful peace. In 1330, Edward III would make a formal request to the Scottish Crown to restore the lands of Beaumont's earldom to him, which was refused.
575:, a personal friend of the ex-king. Kent was executed and Beaumont would never be allowed to return to England while Mortimer and Isabella held on to power.
539:, which ignored, once again, the claims of the disinherited. Many of the senior nobility repudiated what they considered to be a shameful peace; and when
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came to attend the meeting of Parliament at York. Before they could return, Balliol and what was left of his army were surprised by a party of
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where he fought; and he is likely to have advised Edward on the tactics that brought him the first great military success of his career at the
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413:. Between 1317 and 1321 his wife succeeded to the English estates of her sister, Margery Comyn, wife successively of Sir John Ross and Sir
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in August 1332, using an effective, and murderous, combination of infantry and archers. Building on this victory, the army advanced on
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Soon after landing the army, under the skilful command of Beaumont, confronted and defeated a much larger Scottish force at the
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By the time an Inquisition was held to assess his lands in April 1340, Henry was holding a large amount of land in
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Anxious to break the deadlock in the north Isabella and Mortimer persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the
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is uncertain if he ever saw Buchan again. Dundarg was destroyed for the second and last time in its history.
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in his flight from the field and was subsequently deprived of his Scottish Earldom of Buchan by King Robert.
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1331. He was settled in the manor of Standal in Yorkshire, a property belonging to Beaumont's sister, the
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Before the end of 1330 Edward started to make strong diplomatic representations on behalf of Beaumont and
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and chased out of the country. All of the expense and effort of the past years had come to nothing.
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Sir Henry de Beaumont called to his men: "Let us wait a little; let them come on; give them room".
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of 1327, in which Isabella and Mortimer deposed the king and replaced him with his under-age son,
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Henry de Beaumont was a veteran campaigner who participated in every major engagement, from the
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The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Chempenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356
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449:, made a circuit upon the other side of the wood towards the castle, keeping the open ground.
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Scalacronica; The reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III as Recorded by Sir Thomas Gray
397:, Oxfordshire, which, upon her death without issue in 1334, fell to him. In 1312 he received
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in 1310. The next year he and his sister, Isabel de Vesci, were banished from Court by the
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Balliol's regime collapsed, and for the second time in his career, he fled across the
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two quarrelled. Beaumont was briefly imprisoned for contempt and disobedience at the
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On the first day of the battle Henry was in one of the two cavalry forces alongside
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in 1332, Balliol was unwise enough to quarrel with Beaumont who, in the fashion of
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465:"Sir," answered the said Thomas, "it is not from fear that I shall fly this day."
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sailed from various ports in Yorkshire, landing on the coast of Fife in August.
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In 1337 Edward III, in beginning the opening rounds of what was to become the
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It is almost certain that he was the architect of Balliol's victory at the
278:(d. after 1 September 1297) and Agnès de Beaumont, Viscount of Beaumont in
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a seasoned campaigner, who had been present both at Bannockburn and the
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Joan de Beaumont, who ("it is said") married Fulk VII FitzWarin, 3rd
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coast in 1333/4, which had been destroyed by Robert Bruce in 1308:
462:"Very well" exclaimed the said Henry, "if you are afraid, be off".
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Robert Lord de Clifford and Henry de Beaumont, with three hundred
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After Culblean, Balliol's shadowy kingdom virtually disappeared.
334:. Beaumont again attended Edward I in the Scottish wars in 1302.
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apart by the very same greed. In a dispute over the estates of
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On the second day, Beaumont was amongst those who accompanied
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Bannockburn. The Scottish War and the British Isles 1307-1323
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John de Beaumont, 2nd Lord Beaumont (c. 1318), who married
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Brown, C. "The Second Scottish War of Independence", 2001.
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862:, withdrew from Court in a fit of pique, to Dundarg.
1102:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 75
567:and told him that his plot would be supported from
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322:, he was accompanied by Beaumont. In the ensuing
258:By his marriage, shortly before 14 July 1310, to
1330:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
986:Elizabeth Beaumont (c. 1320 – 1400) who married
556:, going into exile to plot Mortimer's downfall.
500:this also included men of greater standing like
1145:Tomlinson, Howard (webmaster) (November 2011).
524:. His cause, however, was not furthered by the
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737:, the exact foretaste of the later triumph at
1176:, new edition, vol.5, p. 500, Baron FitzWarin
869:. Beaumont, in the meantime, was besieged in
8:
1234:(2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press.
1406:People of the Wars of Scottish Independence
1248:. Glasgow: James Maclehose & Sons. 1907
1213:England, Scotland and the Hundred Years War
1019:. They were ancestors of the English royal
617:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
282:and Seigneur of Beaumont-le-Vicomte (later
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1298:The Border History of England and Scotland
1140:
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965:Shortly before 14 July 1310 Henry married
726:, and learned much from both encounters.
507:He fought on the side of Edward II at the
417:. He purchased the Lordship of Ditchburn,
262:(died 3 July 1349), the niece and heir of
89:
1166:
1164:
681:Learn how and when to remove this message
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For other people with the same name, see
1332:, ed. A. Grant and K. J. Stringer, 1993.
1013:Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
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274:Henry de Beaumont was the eldest son of
39:This article includes a list of general
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1063:
982:. By Alice he had children including:
306:He first took up military service with
377:He had a grant of the Lordship of the
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571:by the armed intervention of Donald,
561:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
7:
1125:Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem
842:And there, Dundarg of lime and stane
615:adding citations to reliable sources
370:, whereby he is held to have become
253:Second War of Scottish Independence
1340:The Original Chronicle of Scotland
1326:Scotland Without a King, 1329-1341
1197:Brut, or the Chronicles of England
701:In Scotland, Robert's infant son,
451:Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
342:Beaumont obtained large grants of
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
21:Henry de Beaumont (disambiguation)
14:
1291:The Genesis of Lancaster, 1307-99
988:Nicholas Audley, 3rd Baron Audley
959:John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont
522:Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
441:whose account of events follows;
1421:English people of French descent
1073:, 1968, Beaumont baronets, p. 59
845:He made stoutly, and therin lay.
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112:
30:
1030:Katherine de Beaumont, married
967:Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan
839:The Beaumont went intil Buchan;
260:Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan
199:(before 1280 – 10 March 1340),
171:Alice Comyn, Countess of Buchan
1272:. Cambridge University Press.
1217:Europe in the late Middle Ages
997:, great-granddaughter of King
990:(1328–1391), without children.
773:Channel to visit the exile in
409:following an attack on nearby
1:
1342:, ed. N. Denholm Young, 1957.
548:, the son of the former King
221:Wars of Scottish Independence
1208:of, ed. F. J. H. Skene 1880.
1189:Balfour-Melville, E. W. M.,
1027:being the couple's grandson.
925:as well as smaller areas in
906:describes his actions thus:
541:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
310:while he was campaigning in
1396:14th-century Scottish earls
1391:Earls or mormaers of Buchan
1314:, Md., 2004, p. 83–4,
969:, the niece and heiress of
437:, father of the chronicler
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1199:, ed. F. W. D. Brie, 1906.
1127:, vol. VIII, London:
971:John Comyn, Earl of Buchan
794:Invasion of Edward Balliol
264:John Comyn, Earl of Buchan
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320:Battle of Stirling Bridge
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16:English noble (1280–1340)
1262:Edward III and the Scots
435:Thomas de Grey of Heaton
1191:Edward III and David II
1098:Brown, Michael (2008),
973:. He was recognised as
724:Battle of Boroughbridge
509:Battle of Boroughbridge
60:more precise citations.
1228:Cokayne, George Edward
1038:, 1st Lord Strathbogie
962:
822:Invasion of Edward III
800:Battle of Dupplin Moor
759:Lordship of Liddesdale
757:, the claimant to the
735:Battle of Halidon Hill
731:Battle of Dupplin Moor
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232:Battle of Halidon Hill
1032:David III Strathbogie
951:Azure, three garbs or
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941:Marriage and children
537:Treaty of Northampton
502:David III Strathbogie
368:Henrico de Bellomonte
346:and lands, including
249:Treaty of Northampton
1308:Plantagenet Ancestry
1232:The Complete Peerage
1206:Pluscarden, the Book
1173:The Complete Peerage
1017:Eleanor of Lancaster
995:Eleanor of Lancaster
904:Pluscarden Chronicle
852:Alexander de Mowbray
611:improve this section
1304:Richardson, Douglas
1268:Perry, Guy (2018).
1053:in Gloucestershire.
1025:Henry IV of England
827:Hill, just outside
630:"Henry de Beaumont"
316:Philip IV of France
286:), Sainte-Suzanne,
284:Beaumont-sur-Sarthe
1350:Peerage of England
1049:in Shropshire and
1047:Whittington Castle
1021:House of Lancaster
1009:Isabel de Beaumont
963:
955:Garter stall plate
953:. As quartered on
916:Hundred Years' War
889:Battle of Culblean
829:Berwick-upon-Tweed
745:War by other means
559:When the powerful
495:"The Disinherited"
415:William de Lindsay
411:Sempringham Priory
407:Roger de Birthorpe
352:Barton-upon-Humber
292:Fresnay-le-Vicomte
251:and bring about a
118:Arms of Beaumont:
1401:Peers jure uxoris
1379:
1378:
1370:Succeeded by
1279:978-1-107-19690-2
1149:. Madeley Village
1147:"Heighley Castle"
1071:Debrett's Peerage
1003:Henry of Grosmont
691:
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579:Edward de Balliol
474:Sir Thomas Grey,
393:, Berkshire, and
385:as associates of
324:Battle of Falkirk
228:Battle of Falkirk
197:Henry de Beaumont
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190:Agnès de Beaumont
94:Henry de Beaumont
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181:Louis de Brienne
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1278:
1265:
1260:Nicolson, R.,
1258:
1236:
1224:
1211:Campbell, T.,
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1160:
1134:
1116:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1036:Earl of Atholl
1028:
1006:
991:
975:Earl of Buchan
942:
939:
931:Northumberland
927:Leicestershire
883:
880:
823:
820:
795:
792:
779:Brut Chronicle
746:
743:
689:
688:
595:
593:
586:
580:
577:
546:Edward Balliol
496:
493:
471:
426:
423:
419:Northumberland
387:Piers Gaveston
339:
338:Landed estates
336:
303:
300:
271:
268:
217:Baron Beaumont
207:Earl of Buchan
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
117:
109:
108:
106:Baron Beaumont
102:Earl of Buchan
97:
96:
93:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1438:
1427:
1424:
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1407:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
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1389:
1388:
1386:
1374:
1373:John Beaumont
1365:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:Webster, B.,
1323:
1321:
1320:0-8063-1750-7
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:Ridpath, G.,
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:Ramsay, J. H.
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:et al., 1970.
1222:
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1207:
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1201:
1198:
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1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:, brother of
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
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989:
985:
984:
983:
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980:
976:
972:
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947:
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938:
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924:
919:
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905:
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897:
892:
890:
881:
879:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
847:
846:
843:
840:
836:
834:
833:Aberdeenshire
830:
821:
819:
817:
814:loyalists at
813:
807:
805:
801:
793:
791:
789:
785:
780:
776:
770:
768:
767:Earl of Moray
764:
760:
756:
751:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
719:
715:
711:
709:
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699:
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685:
682:
674:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632: –
631:
627:
626:Find sources:
620:
616:
612:
606:
605:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Privy Council
510:
505:
503:
494:
492:
490:
481:
477:
470:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
452:
448:
442:
440:
436:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
372:Lord Beaumont
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Maine, France
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
244:
242:
238:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
150:10 March 1340
149:
145:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
122:fleurs-de-lis
115:
110:
107:
103:
98:
91:
88:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1361:
1357:New creation
1356:
1339:
1329:
1325:
1307:
1297:
1290:
1269:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1221:R. Highfield
1216:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1171:
1151:. Retrieved
1124:
1119:
1113:Maxwell 1907
1108:
1099:
1093:
1066:
1023:, with King
977:
964:
950:
923:Lincolnshire
920:
913:
907:
903:
901:
893:
885:
864:
854:, killed at
848:
844:
841:
838:
837:
825:
808:
797:
778:
771:
752:
748:
728:
720:
716:
712:
707:
700:
692:
677:
671:January 2023
668:
658:
651:
644:
637:
625:
609:Please help
597:
558:
550:John Balliol
534:
506:
498:
485:
476:Scalacronica
475:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
444:
428:
403:Lincolnshire
376:
371:
367:
362:, from King
360:Lincolnshire
341:
305:
273:
257:
245:
225:
210:
200:
196:
195:
156:Noble family
126:lion rampant
119:
87:
72:
63:
44:
1426:1340 deaths
979:jure uxoris
882:Later years
788:men-at-arms
755:Thomas Wake
573:Earl of Mar
447:men-at-arms
439:Thomas Grey
425:Bannockburn
421:, in 1320.
379:Isle of Man
202:jure uxoris
58:introducing
1385:Categories
1367:1309–1340
1252:17 October
1086:Perry 2018
1058:References
1034:, titular
1011:, married
784:Lady Vesci
708:turpis pax
696:Edward III
641:newspapers
530:Edward III
356:Heckington
348:Folkingham
332:schiltrons
161:de Brienne
104:& 1st
66:March 2019
41:references
1312:Baltimore
1170:Cokayne,
1153:11 August
999:Henry III
935:Yorkshire
598:does not
489:Edward II
399:Birthorpe
383:Ordainers
364:Edward II
288:La Fleche
241:Agincourt
167:Spouse(s)
138:bef. 1280
1230:(1926).
1051:Alveston
860:Achilles
703:David II
569:Scotland
518:Isabella
472:—
433:and Sir
391:Seacourt
312:Flanders
308:Edward I
212:suo jure
1300:, 1810.
1293:, 1913.
1264:, 1965.
1193:, 1954.
873:by Sir
871:Dundarg
775:Picardy
655:scholar
619:removed
604:sources
395:Tackley
296:Le Lude
54:improve
1318:
1276:
1219:, ed.
1131:, 1913
867:border
657:
650:
643:
636:
628:
554:pardon
354:, and
344:manors
187:Mother
177:Father
141:France
43:, but
1328:, in
1215:, in
896:Perth
856:Annan
816:Annan
812:Bruce
804:Scone
739:Crécy
662:JSTOR
648:books
565:Paris
237:Crécy
1316:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1254:2012
1155:2012
1129:HMSO
933:and
909:shed
634:news
602:any
600:cite
526:coup
270:Life
239:and
215:1st
209:and
205:4th
147:Died
135:Born
124:, a
100:4th
957:of
698:.
613:by
330:'s
255:.
243:.
1387::
1338:,
1310:,
1306:,
1289:,
1163:^
1137:^
1078:^
937:.
929:,
911:.
891:.
765:,
532:.
401:,
358:,
350:,
298:.
294:,
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223:.
128:or
1282:.
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1157:.
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678:(
673:)
669:(
659:·
652:·
645:·
638:·
621:.
607:.
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
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