841:, it is known that Henry IV wanted to punish him. In order to prevent the imminent revenge of the Duke it was decided to get rid of him: a false lawyer (brother of one of the Duke's doctors) was employed at the court of Wrocław, and slowly poisoned Henry IV. While another doctor, called Guncelin, recognizing the symptoms of poisoning, was able to rescue the Duke from an imminent death, causing severe vomiting and cleansing the body; but the assassin was not discovered, and this time put the poison in the knife used by Henry IV to cut his bread. The poison was finally detected, but it was too late to save the Duke. Henry IV died in the Catholic faith, deciding not to prosecute or punish his killers.
522:
910:. In case of the death of one of the princes, the other could take possession over his districts, which further arrangements according to custom. Many historians, however, believed the existence of a third document. If it was true, this would be a step towards the reunification of Poland, and Henry IV, who was denigrated particularly in the earlier literature, was really a conscious promoter of Poland interests and a true patriot (apart from the merits of raising the awareness of the problems of ethnic and linguistic diversity in the
767:
857:
49:
348:
546:, a village located in the Duchy of Wrocław, for the purpose to find ways of mutual cooperation between the Silesian dukes. Henry IV, however, had other plans: immediately he captured his long-time enemy, Duke Henry V the Fat of Legnica, as well as his own allies, Dukes Henry III of Głogów and Przemysł II of Greater Poland, in order to obtain political concessions from them.
632:, whose main attraction was a knight's tournament. However, the tensions continued and Thomas II, using the support of the Papal Legate, and wanting to break the rebelliousness of Henry IV he excommunicated him and the whole Duchy in March 1284. However, the Duke of Wrocław refused to subject to the Bishop's will and in the same year appealed to
663:. The last act of the dispute took place in 1287 when Henry IV entered Racibórz. Thomas II was no longer able to escape and finally decided to subordinate to the Duke of Wrocław. But Henry IV was generous in his triumph: he restored the rich lands obtained earlier from the Bishopric and also founded a Kolegiata consecrated to the Holy Cross.
696:, shortly before began the preparations to the First Coalition of Piast Dukes formed by Leszek II the Black, Henry IV, Przemysł II and Henry III of Głogow, which had the intention to make the unification of Poland. Notwithstanding the veracity of this theory, after hearing the news of Leszek II's death, Henry IV was ready for action.
620:. The first phase of the conflict was already noted in the years 1274–1276, concluded with arbitration which was not satisfied any of the parts. The disputes erupted again in 1282; this time, the conflict was for the lands and properties seized by the church in a difficult period that followed after the
869:
Following the version of
Ottokar of Styria, should be sought among the Wrocław townspeople (just like Henry IV's father) two brothers, one of them was lawyer and the other doctor. The only two persons who could be identified as the brothers were John (who was an adviser of the Duchy and a lawyer) and
323:
Shortly after the death of his uncle (who left him as his universal heir), Henry IV returned to Wrocław, where he found himself under the direct care of one of the closest advisers of his late father, Simon
Gallicusa. Henry IV received a careful education, which may explain his subsequent interest in
758:
However, Henry IV regrouped his forces and marched against Kraków in person at the head of his army in August 1289. Thanks to the betrayal of the Kraków townspeople and the help of the
Franciscans (who even hid him in their monastery), Henry IV took the city and was recognized as High Duke. Despite
787:
During his reign, Henry succeeded in strengthening central power across his duchy, as well as improving its economy. He supported progress of mining and cities, many of which received German city law and various privileges. He was also an educated man, fluently spoke several languages and actively
517:
to King
Rudolph I to expose him the possibility of becoming King of Poland. At that time, he also made an alliance with Duke Władysław of Opole, who promised to help Henry IV with the condition that his daughter (perhaps called Constance), who had recently married Henry IV, was crowned with him as
666:
Meanwhile, in foreign politics, Henry IV continued to try to obtain the subordination of the other
Silesian Dukes, which indirectly could bring him the Royal Crown. In 1284 he used the betrayal of the Greater Poland noble family of Zaremba (Thomas II's family) as a pretext to capture the town of
592:
were completely against Henry's politics. With the Opole Dukes, the situation was more delicate: in 1287, Henry IV obtained the annulment of his marriage with their sister, who was sent back to her homeland. The fourth of Władysław's sons, Bolko I, remained faithful to Henry IV's politics.
687:
and High Duke of Poland, died without issue. This event opened an opportunity for Henry IV to realize his ambitious plans to gain Kraków and the title of High Duke. With this purpose, he began to find suitable allies from 1287, when he reconciled with
Przemysł II, returning him
852:
had betrayed Henry IV's interests and tried to give the crown to the "King of Kalisz" Przemysł II. In this story the theft of the envoy to Rome was also mentioned, only the epilogue was a little different: here, the thief was killed by his own servants in the streets of Rome.
627:
At the beginning of 1282, the Bishop sent their complaint to the Papal Legate Philip of Ferno, which was to address the settlement of the dispute. His ruling was favorable to the Church hierarchy, and Henry IV appealed. In 1283 Henry IV organized a big
Episcopal convention in
538:
The relation of Henry IV with his
Silesian relatives, in general, was not good. In 1280 he again suffered the invasion of the Duke Henry V the Fat of Legnica, who was supported by the Margrave of Brandenburg, who could resist with unusual difficulty.
878:, who wanted to obtain Kraków and with this the title of High Duke, but was not any evidence to support this. There is no other person who will take advantage of the Duke's death, and could be linked to the circumstances of the death of Henry IV.
735:. The battle ended with a victory for the Masovia-Kuyavia coalition; from two of Henry IV's allies, Duke Przemko of Ścinawa was killed in the battle, and Duke Bolko I of Opole was seriously injured and captured by Władysław I the Elbow-high.
822:
According to
Ottokar of Styria, who seems to be the most accurate in details, Henry IV aspired to the title of the King of Poland, asking the Pope for permission for a coronation. The negotiations were successful, and he sent to Rome 12,000
636:. It soon became clear, of course, that he could not expect a positive message from Rome. Despite Thomas II's efforts to subordinate the local clergy under his rule, several religious Orders remained faithful to Henry IV, among others, the
738:
Despite this success, Duke Bolesław II of Płock unexpectedly resigned his pretensions, leaving all the Kraków inheritance to
Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high. As the war turned favorable to him, Wladyslaw I, with the assistance of the
454:
While Henry himself did not take part in the Battle on the Marchfeld, he had sent reinforcements to King Ottokar II, whose death was a serious blow to the Wrocław duke. After hearing the news of Ottokar's death, Henry IV went to
414:
and Duke Przemysł II of Greater Poland attempted to enforce Henry IV's liberation. The Bohemian king however only sent febrile appeals and request for release. Henry IV's allies were defeated by Duke Bolesław II 's son
800:
Henry IV died suddenly in 1290, aged no more than thirty-two years. The details of his death, given by the chronicler Ottokar of Styria, are seen by some historians as very reliable and by others as doubtful.
874:, so probably a doctor), sons of one Goćwina, who was a doctor in the court of Henry III the White. They still in their posts at the time of Henry IV's death. It's assumed that they acted on behalf of
807:
One, the most supported by far of the largest number of sources, and given by the Church of St. John the Baptist, was 23 June. There are, however, other proposals: 24 June, 22 July, and even in April.
886:
According to the chroniclers, the dying Henry IV made two documents. One to the Wrocław church (which give the desired permissions to the Bishop to obtain the full sovereignty over the Duchy of
959:. After almost seven years of childless union, the Duke of Wrocław obtain the annulment of his marriage under the grounds of sterility, although this fact is disputed by modern historians.
844:
This is a very long story of the Duke's death and only some elements are confirmed by other sources. Ottokar of Styria told the story in many details in agreement with that provided by the
561:) and to acknowledge Henry IV's overlordship, paying homage to him. In subsequent years, the good politics of Henry IV were reflected in the voluntary submission of the Silesian dukes
833:
were stolen during the trip, and the Pope, infuriated, cancelled all negotiations with Henry IV. Although the embezzler was able to escape from the papal fury and the justice of the
943:" of Henry IV. To this end, his remains were removed and were to be tested. Unfortunately, they were lost during the war. The sarcophagus is now in the National Museum in Wrocław.
1812:
932:
could take Wrocław with support of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, after the local nobility refused to accept the rule of Henry III of Głogów. Wenceslaus II himself gained the
426:
Henry IV could obtain his freedom only at the end of the year, when he finally decided to capitulate after hearing the defeat of his main ally King Ottokar II against the
1029:
355:
In 1273 Henry IV was formally proclaimed an adult and by himself assumed the government of his Silesian Duchy of Wrocław, which, however, after the split between
804:
The year of his death is widely accepted, and confirmation for this can be found in numerous sources. However, the exact day was variously given by the sources.
1227:
707:, who counted on the support of the Lesser Poland nobility. However, the Duke of Płock failed to obtain the decisive support of the Castellan Sulk the Bear (
1428:
507:
922:
as an excuse for mixing in the Silesian affairs) was fully implemented. Henry IV was buried in the Kolegiata of the Holy Cross and St. Bartholomeus in
967:
483:
165:
982:
alleged that the real reason of the divorce of Henry IV was that he maintain an affair with Matilda and wanted to marry her. They had no children.
671:. It soon became clear that the Dukes of Greater Poland never accepted this loss, so after some discussions, Kalisz was exchanged with the town of
1797:
815:
About the real cause of Henry IV's death, there are several independent sources: these are the tombs of the Silesian Dukes, the Chronicle of
672:
1563:
1558:
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956:
420:
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150:
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328:). The cooperation between Henry IV and King Ottokar II was exemplary. In 1271 Henry IV participated in an armed expedition against
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In 1285 Henry IV took advantage of his power over the clergy and confiscated some lands which belonged to the bishopric Duchy of
300:
A minor upon the early death of his father in 1266, Henry IV was placed under the guardianship of his paternal uncle, Archbishop
464:
371:
lands. He began to follow a policy which was more independent from Bohemia, including in respect to friendly relations with his
1802:
1752:
1026:
894:) and other politic (who regulated the issue of his inheritance). Under this will, he bequeathed the Duchy of Wrocław to Duke
1050:
1654:
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supported Western court culture and chivalric ethos. Henry himself was a talented poet; two of his poems were recorded in
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1807:
521:
1443:
589:
1213:
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301:
1553:
585:
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704:
28:
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59:
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Fortunately for Henry IV, the reaction to his imprisonment was indignation. Ottokar's Polish allies, Duke
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He was however not successful due to the actions of King Rudolph I of Germany, who in his capacity as
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Henry IV's tomb effigy in Wrocław. The picture was an attempt to reconstruct the medieval polychrome.
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Upon the death of his Bohemian ally, Henry IV reconciled with King Rudolph I and in 1280 went to his
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In the years 1282–1287 Henry IV was involved in a long-lasting dispute with the Bishop of Wrocław
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In order to normalize the situation in February of the next year Henry IV organized a meeting in
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in 1276, giving food and refuge to the Bohemian troops. When Ottokar was placed under the
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434:. Henry IV was forced to give Bolesław II one-third of his duchy including the towns of
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747:(who was later imprisoned after rebelled against him), managed to besiege and capture
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640:. The conflict continued, even after the unsuccessful attempts for mediation by the
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834:
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396:
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as a present to the Pope. But when the envoy reached Italy it was noted that 400
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Henry IV's major contenders for the Kraków throne were Leszek II's half-brother
656:
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Some historians believed that the Duke of Wrocław took the opportunity from his
347:
17:
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was during 1280–1281, as a response to the invasion which the Polish High Duke
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423:(24 April 1277), where both Dukes Przemysł II and Henry III were captured.
914:). Only the testament to the Church (who was not count with the return of
848:. Other sources related that a chaplain named Aleksy, as a deputy of King
608:
had made against Wrocław before. However, this trip ended unsuccessfully.
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1309:
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439:
309:
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463:, as one of his closest relatives (Henry IV's paternal grandmother was
173:
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Around March 1280, Henry IV married firstly with the daughter of Duke
723:, and Henry IV's troops, supported by King Rudolph I and the Dukes of
324:
culture and poetry (there are reasonable suspicions that the Duke had
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711:), who was the Governor of the city. On 26 February 1289, the bloody
668:
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However, not all the Silesian dukes accepted his authority: Dukes
520:
346:
320:. Ottokar after Władysław's death in 1270 also took over Wrocław.
257:
218:
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Henry supported King Ottokar II in his fierce conflict with King
939:
During World War II German anthropologists wanted to prove the "
659:. The humiliated Bishop Thomas II was forced to emigrate to the
1209:
27:
This article is about the Duke of Silesia. For other uses, see
486:. As compensation, the German king gave Henry IV the Bohemian
288:
of Silesia-Wrocław by his first wife Judith, daughter of Duke
403:
of Legnica took the occasion, had his nephew Henry seized at
936:, but Duke Przemysł II could retain the title of High Duke.
312:
were inappropriate for a child, and, in 1267, sent Henry to
1051:"Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast: Silesia-Wroclaw"
304:. The Archbishop decided that the constant travels between
966:(b. ca. 1270 – d. bef. 1 June 1298), daughter of Margrave
459:
and attempted to gain the guardianship of the king's son
518:
Polish queen if he would obtain the royal investiture.
569:; the re-unification of Silesia seemed within reach.
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1640:
1617:
1593:
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1427:
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1334:
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683:On 30 September 1288, Leszek II the Black, Duke of
351:
Silesia in 1273, Henry's Duchy of Wrocław in orange
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1017:"Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny", Cracow, 1999.
580:and three of the four sons of Władysław of Opole:
715:took place between the troops of the Dukes of
506:, where Henry tried to obtain for himself the
387:Kidnapping of Henry IV by Bolesław II the Bald
1221:
751:and forced the Silesian troops to retreat to
549:Przemysł II was forced to give the strategic
534:Attempts at authority over Silesia and Poland
8:
1813:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
449:
332:, which brought an attack on Wrocław by the
1768:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
759:his victory, Henry IV decided to remain in
692:. According to the Professor and Historian
1228:
1214:
1206:
1072:
596:The first attempt of Henry IV to take the
478:had given the regency over Bohemia to the
252: – 23 June 1290) was a member of the
47:
38:
612:Conflict with Bishop Thomas II of Wrocław
484:Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
450:Ottokar II's death and Regency of Bohemia
962:By 1288, Henry IV married secondly with
1044:Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
367:only comprised the eastern part of the
336:princes and their allies, the Dukes of
268:from 1266 as well as the ruler of the
7:
276:from 1288 until his death in 1290.
316:to be raised at the court of King
284:Henry IV was the only son of Duke
25:
955:(b. ca. 1256/65? – d. 1287/88?),
906:-with the title of High Duke- to
430:and Hungarian troops at the 1278
494:Homage to King Rudolph I in 1280
1053:. Genealogy.EU. Archived from
978:. The Professor and historian
1:
1090:
679:Henry IV, High Duke of Poland
246:
1798:13th-century Polish monarchs
1753:Stanisław August Poniatowski
992:History of Poland (966–1385)
407:and imprisoned him in 1277.
270:Seniorate Province of Kraków
1728:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
1469:Władysław III Spindleshanks
1027:Herzog Heinrich von Breslau
1834:
701:Władysław I the Elbow-high
467:, a daughter of late King
26:
1761:
1559:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
1438:Senior or Supreme Princes
1193:
1185:
1175:
1166:
1158:
1147:
1139:
1129:
1115:
1107:
1075:
881:
243:Heinrich IV. der Gerechte
46:
1554:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
957:perhaps called Constance
920:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
850:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
419:in the bloody Battle of
1534:Dukes of Greater Poland
1126:Władysław (until 1270)
770:Henry IV depicted as a
578:Konrad II the Hunchback
432:Battle on the Marchfeld
296:Early life and tutelage
95:Duke of Silesia-Wrocław
1803:Polish Roman Catholics
1738:Augustus II the Strong
1655:Władysław III of Varna
1539:Dukes of Little Poland
1444:Władysław II the Exile
1399:Casimir I the Restorer
1393:Bolesław the Forgotten
861:
779:
590:Przemysław of Racibórz
530:
529:of the Silesian Piasts
352:
242:
230:
166:Matilda of Brandenburg
1680:Sigismund II Augustus
1650:Władysław II Jagiełło
1627:Louis I the Hungarian
1609:Casimir III the Great
1504:Bolesław V the Chaste
1479:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
1449:Bolesław IV the Curly
1419:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1326:Piast the Wheelwright
859:
769:
675:by Duke Przemysł II.
642:Archbishop of Gniezno
527:black crownless eagle
524:
442:and forced to pledge
350:
318:Ottokar II of Bohemia
302:Władysław of Salzburg
1723:John II Casimir Vasa
1642:Jagiellonian dynasty
1604:Władysław I Łokietek
1404:Bolesław II the Bold
1377:Bolesław I the Brave
1032:9 April 2002 at the
926:, which he founded.
882:Henry IV's testament
705:Bolesław II of Płock
586:Mieszko I of Cieszyn
401:Bolesław II the Bald
393:Rudolph I of Germany
256:of the royal Polish
1675:Sigismund I the Old
1619:Capet-Anjou dynasty
1509:Leszek II the Black
1499:Bolesław the Horned
1459:Casimir II the Just
1454:Mieszko III the Old
1196:High Duke of Poland
1189:Leszek II the Black
1111:Henry III the White
846:Kronika Zbrasławska
709:Sułk z Niedźwiedzia
606:Leszek II the Black
412:Henry III of Głogów
383:of Greater Poland.
379:and also with duke
290:Konrad I of Masovia
286:Henry III the White
274:High Duke of Poland
189:Henry III the White
113:Henry III the White
78:Leszek II the Black
60:High Duke of Poland
36:High Duke of Poland
1713:Sigismund III Vasa
1564:Dukes of Pomerania
1494:Henry II the Pious
1409:Władysław I Herman
1387:Mieszko II Lambert
1237:Monarchs of Poland
997:History of Silesia
953:Władysław of Opole
934:Seniorate Province
862:
780:
713:Battle of Siewierz
598:Seniorate Province
574:Bolko I the Strict
563:Przemko of Ścinawa
531:
476:King of the Romans
377:Władysław of Opole
353:
161:Constance of Opole
1775:
1774:
1733:John III Sobieski
1718:Władysław IV Vasa
1690:Elective monarchy
1574:Přemyslid dynasty
1489:Henry the Bearded
1204:
1203:
1176:Succeeded by
1130:Succeeded by
1122:1266–1290
1049:Marek, Miroslav.
968:Otto V "the Tall"
783:Internal politics
733:Ścinawa (Steinau)
661:Duchy of Racibórz
622:Battle of Legnica
488:County of Kladsko
444:Krosno Odrzańskie
326:asperger syndrome
212:
211:
198:Judith of Masovia
151:Kingdom of Poland
16:(Redirected from
1825:
1808:Dukes of Wrocław
1549:Dukes of Kuyavia
1544:Dukes of Masovia
1529:Dukes of Silesia
1514:Henryk IV Probus
1474:Władysław Odonic
1464:Leszek the White
1230:
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1216:
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1186:Preceded by
1159:Preceded by
1140:Preceded by
1108:Preceded by
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1007:Dukes of Silesia
870:Jakob (known as
745:Paul of Półkozic
741:Bishop of Kraków
618:Tomas II Zaremba
582:Casimir of Bytom
567:Bolko I of Opole
260:dynasty. He was
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248:
231:Henryk IV Probus
53:Effigy on a seal
51:
39:
21:
18:Henryk IV Probus
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1698:Henry of Valois
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1150:Duke of Ścinawa
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1133:Henry V the Fat
1123:
1121:
1118:Duke of Wrocław
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1034:Wayback Machine
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980:Ewa Maleczyńska
949:
930:Henry V the Fat
884:
876:Henry V the Fat
867:
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557:(also known as
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465:Anna of Bohemia
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417:Henry V the Fat
389:
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262:Duke of Silesia
254:Silesian branch
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179:Silesian Piasts
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123:Henry V the Fat
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1102:23 June 1290
1099:
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1059:. Retrieved
1055:the original
1016:
961:
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778:, about 1304
757:
749:Wawel castle
737:
708:
698:
682:
665:
650:
646:Jakub Świnka
626:
615:
595:
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548:
541:
537:
512:
497:
473:
471:) and ally.
453:
436:Środa Śląska
425:
409:
397:Imperial ban
390:
375:cousin Duke
354:
322:
299:
283:
234:
222:
215:Henry Probus
214:
213:
144:23 June 1290
42:Henry Probus
33:
1793:1290 deaths
1788:1258 births
1743:Stanisław I
1519:Przemysł II
1179:Przemysł II
1162:Przemysł II
1094: 1258
1061:14 February
972:Brandenburg
912:Middle Ages
908:Przemysł II
817:Jan Długosz
772:minnesinger
638:Franciscans
490:as a fief.
381:Przemysł II
250: 1258
168:(1287–1290)
109:Predecessor
88:Przemysł II
74:Predecessor
1782:Categories
1660:Casimir IV
1303:Leszko III
1200:1288–1290
1173:1281–1287
1154:1289–1290
1040:(1304/40).
1013:References
761:Sandomierz
136:c. 1257/58
1670:Alexander
1594:Restored
1526:See also:
1372:Mieszko I
1354:Siemomysł
1321:Chościsko
1316:Popiel II
1296:Leszko II
1268:Krakus II
1245:Legendary
976:Salzwedel
947:Marriages
896:Henry III
811:Poisoning
703:and Duke
502:court in
482:margrave
469:Ottokar I
119:Successor
104:1266–1290
84:Successor
69:1288–1290
1484:Konrad I
1414:Zbigniew
1344:Siemowit
1310:Popiel I
1289:Leszko I
1261:Krakus I
1030:Archived
986:See also
918:to King
892:Otmuchów
872:Magister
831:grzywnas
826:grzywnas
657:Otmuchów
553:land of
500:Austrian
480:Ascanian
440:Strzegom
428:Imperial
310:Salzburg
203:Religion
29:Henry IV
1766:Italics
1632:Jadwiga
1382:Bezprym
1275:Lech II
1143:Przemko
1036:in the
974:–
964:Matilda
924:Wrocław
916:Kłodzko
890:–
865:Killers
774:in the
721:Kuyavia
685:Sieradz
655:–
544:Sądowel
399:, Duke
361:Legnica
338:Greater
330:Hungary
306:Wrocław
266:Wrocław
163:(−1287)
147:Wrocław
1431:period
1349:Lestek
1254:Lech I
1124:With:
1098:
904:Kraków
902:, and
900:Głogów
839:Venice
729:Głogów
690:Wieluń
673:Ołobok
669:Kalisz
602:Kraków
555:Wieluń
515:homage
508:Polish
504:Vienna
457:Prague
421:Stolec
365:Głogów
314:Prague
239:German
227:Polish
195:Mother
185:Father
157:Spouse
1282:Wanda
1100:Died:
1088:Born:
796:Death
753:Skała
725:Opole
717:Płock
405:Jelcz
357:Opole
334:Árpád
258:Piast
235:Prawy
219:Latin
174:House
101:Reign
66:Reign
1063:2009
888:Nysa
835:Doge
731:and
719:and
653:Nysa
630:Nysa
588:and
565:and
559:Ruda
525:The
438:and
363:and
340:and
308:and
280:Life
272:and
221:for
141:Died
133:Born
970:of
898:of
837:of
600:at
264:at
233:or
1784::
1091:c.
792:.
763:.
755:.
743:,
727:,
648:.
644:,
584:,
576:,
359:,
344:.
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247:c.
245:;
241::
237:;
229::
225:;
149:,
1229:e
1222:t
1215:v
1065:.
217:(
31:.
20:)
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