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Hitchcock as one of the pioneers of modernist architecture. However, because of the terraces, they gave up a large amount of rentable space both on the exterior and in the interior, where no windows were possible, and were not considered economically profitable. Sauvage had hoped that, with his new design, higher buildings might be permitted, but the city refused to alter height limitations. Sauvage solved the problem of filling the interior space by putting his own office inside the building on rue Vavin, and a municipal swimming pool inside the building on rue des
Amiraux. Though few stepped buildings were built during Sauvage's lifetime, they had an important impact on Paris architects between 1950 and 1980, the designs of buildings in Paris between 1950 and 1980, including
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240:
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423:(The company for hygienic and low-cost housing). The collaboration lasted until 1916. He designed and built six buildings for the company. The most notable are at 7 rue de Trétaigne, in the 18th arrondissement, built in 1903-04, and at 163 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, in the 13th arrondissement, built in 1908. Both buildings have a framework of reinforced concrete, which is clearly expressed on the outside; the spaces on the facade between the concrete frames filled with brick rue de Trétaigne, and with sandstone on Boulevard de l'Hôpital.
506:
giving space for a terrace. He and his partner
Charles Sarazin patented the idea in 1912. However, he only applied the system in two buildings; at 26 rue Vavin in the 6th arrondissement, and in an apartment building at 13 rue des Amiraux. (1913-1930). The exteriors of both buildings were completely covered with white ceramic tiles made by the enterprise of Hippolyte Boulenger and company. A third stepped building for an HBM was proposed for the butte of Montmartre, but was abandoned.
459:
267:
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Belgrand, in the 20th arrondissement, built in 1920. The art deco interior of this theater has been remade into a cineplex, and the entrances have been modified, but the facade is in its original form. Other works in Paris included an apartment building at 137 boulevard
Raspail (1922), next to one of his earlier buildings at 26 rue Vavin; Number 4 and 6, Avenue Sully-Prudhomme in the 7th arrondissement, a building crowned with sculptural decoration by
546:
471:
625:; and in 1924, the building at 14-16 boulevard Raspail, Paris in the 7th arrondissement; the building at 22-24 rue Beaujon, Paris in the 18th arrondissement; at 42 rue de la Pomp in the 16th arrondissement; and at 50 avenue Duquesne and 12 rue Éblé in the 7th arrondissement. In 1926 he built an apartment building at 19 boulevard Raspail in the 7th arrondissement, and one at 8 bis boulevard Maillot at Paris in
228:
608:, one of the pioneers in this style. It is located at 124-126 Rue de Provence, and has the simplicity and discreet decoration of the new style. Sauvage participated actively in the Exposition des arts décoratifs in Paris in 1925, which gave Art deco its name. The versatile architect designed the Pavillon Primavera (in collaboration with the architect
753:
The facades of the new
Samaritaine allowed Sauvage to practice on a monumental scale the techniques which he earlier had only been able to use on expensive smaller buildings for private clients; Vast walls of windows, filled with light, made the store a luminous landmark of the new style in the heart
644:
From 1927 to 1931, he completed two office buildings at 8 and 10 rue Saint-Marc in the 2nd arrondissement. In 1928, he also completed a building at 28 rue
Scheffer in the 16th arrondissement. From 1929 to 1932, he constructed a seven-story art deco apartment building called Vert-Galant at 42 quai des
632:
In 1927, he completed the Studio-Building, a luxury apartment building of apartments in duplex, located at 65 Rue Jean-de-La-Fontaine in the 16th arrondissement, which was entirely covered by ceramic tiles by the firm of Gentil & Bourdet; multi-colored tiles facing the street, and shining white
312:
to construct an Art
Nouveau villa in the city of Nancy, located close to the new furniture workshops Majorelle was building. Finished in 1902, the Villa Majorelle brought international attention to the young architect. In 1899, Savage created two Art Nouveau private dining rooms for the celebrated
620:
In the 1920s, Sauvage ended his partnership with
Charles Sarazin, and confirmed his status as a pioneer of the Art deco style. He designed two movie theaters in Paris; the Sèvres, at 80 rue de Sèvres in the 7th arrondissement, built in 1920 and destroyed in 1975; and the Gambetta-Palace, at 6 rue
442:
Sauvage were the first architects in France to use reinforced concrete in residential buildings, not simply as a means of construction, but for its architectural effect. The resulting buildings, especially the building at 7 rue de Trétaigne, were more austere than earlier buildings, but by their
750:. In both projects, Sauvage used his own experience and experiments with prefabricated build to build very rapidly. Once the permits were obtained and the foundations laid, the Nantes store was finished in just 97 days. It was destroyed by bombing during the war in 1943, but was rebuilt in 1949.
509:
The stepped buildings were exceptionally modern in concept, reduced crowding, created space, and allowed tenants to have their own gardens; the gleaming white ceramic tile gave the buildings a clean and modern appearance. These ideas later earned
Sauvage credit from the architectural critic H.R.
505:
After long study on ways to provide more light and air to apartment buildings, in the course of building low-income housing projects, Sauvage invented an innovative approach to the problem; beginning in 1909 he began designing buildings where the higher floors were like steps, each one set back,
203:
style. In about 1895, he designed a shop for the interior decoration and wallpaper firm of his father, Henri-Albert
Sauvage, and his partner Alexandre-Amédée Jolly, which was located at 3 rue de Rohan in the 1st arrondissement (later demolished). The firm of Jolly and Sauvage received many
743:. In reconstructing and expanding the store, Sauvage preserved many of the art nouveau touches and decorations of the earlier building, while making a new Paris landmark of art deco design. He worked on the building from 1925 to 1928, and in 1930 constructed a third building for the store.
612:
and the firm Peyret Fréres); the
Tunisian bazaar, the Panorama of North Africa, the Galleria Constantine, a gallery of shops; and an electric transformer designed along with his sister-in-law, the sculptor Zette Savage. For his contributions to the exhibit he was awarded the
446:
In 1911, Sauvage and Sarazin constructed a new apartment building in the 16th arrondissement which had a novel feature on its ground floor; an iron and glass shopping gallery, the Cité d'Argentine, an updated version of the Passages of the late 18th and early 19th century.
176:, but quit the school before receiving a diploma, and described himself as self-taught in architecture. He associated with and became friends with many leading figures in the new movements in architecture and the decorative arts, including the rationalist architect
340:; a theater called le Guignol parisien; the exhibition stand for the firm of his father, Jolly fils et Sauvage; a power generating station which produced electricity for the exhibition, as well as Art Nouveau entrances for the Exposition of the Street organized by
482:
430:, which used less-expensive building materials. These are found at 20 rue Severo in the 14th arrondissement, (1905). 1 rue de la Chine in the 20th arrondissement (1907), 1 rue Ferdinand-Flocon in the 18th arrondissement Paris (1912), and one in the port city of
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765:, and in poor condition. Beginning in 1975, his major works were classified as historic monuments by the Ministry of Culture. Twenty marble mosaics made from Sauvage's cartoons decorate the
758:
1021:
132:(May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French
313:
restaurant Café de Paris, after the three salons that Majorelle had created the previous year. The restaurant was later demolished, but the mauve salon was recreated in the
227:
672:
739:, a city landmark in the center of the city next to the Seine. The earlier building had been constructed between 1903 and 1910 by his long-time friend and collaborator,
649:
and Palais de Justice, provoking a strong reaction from historic preservationists. In addition to his works in Paris, in 1925, Sauvage built a villa for Jean Hallade at
289:. The time Sauvage spent in Brussels changed his ideas about architecture, in the same way that, two years earlier, Hector Guimard had been inspired by the Art Nouveau
592:, Henri Sauvage was closely connected with the leading artists of his time. He was also one of the first artists of his generation to recognize the end of the era of
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169:
81:
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434:, at 26 rue Jean-Macé (1911). In all of these buildings he followed the principles of rational and hygienic design which had been expressed in the writings of
372:
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simplicity and functionality and modularity they created a powerful monumental effect. This style was soon used by other architects designing HBMs in Paris.
545:
963:, n° 10, 15 October 1933, p. 337-344. « Chronique du vandalisme (suite). Les monuments français en péril. Sept étages pour déshonorer un site »,
787:
866:, par M. Alfred Picard, membre de l’Institut, Président de section au Conseil d’État, Commissaire général, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1902-1903, 8 vol.
344:. He also made several projects, not realized, for a buffet, decorative masts; a pavilion for the firm of Louis Majorelle, and another for the magazine
384:
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266:
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1058:
933:, catalogue d’exposition aux Archives de Paris, numéro thématique de Colonnes (Institut français d’architecture), n° 6, September 1994.
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In 1903, he made his first venture into designing lost-cost apartment buildings and public housing. He and Sarazin founded a company,
700:
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commissions for wallpaper from Art Nouveau architects; it made the wallpaper for Hector Guimard's first Art Nouveau building, the
746:
In 1931, also in collaboration with Jourdain, Sauvage built a second department store, called Decré, on rue Moulon in the city of
712:
31:
942:
M. Chrétien-Lalanne, « Promenade d’un sceptique à travers l’Exposition des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes »,
1135:
688:
1140:
925:
J.-B. Minnaert, « Allégorie du système de construction en gradins », dans Alain Guiheux et Jean Dethier (dir.),
321:
1145:
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for 120 villas stacked on top of each other. He took its name from the famed building of artist's studios built by
470:
770:
301:. In the same year, along with Charles Sarazin, he founded his own architectural firm and became a member of the
488:
apartment building and public swimming pool at 13 rue des des amiraux, 18th arrondissement, Paris (1922-1927)
435:
297:
in Brussels. In 1898 Sauvage married Marie-Louise Carpenter, the daughter of furniture designer and sculptor
761:. Many of his early works in the Art nouveau style were destroyed, and others, including the villa Marcot Ă
654:
584:
While he was known his functional architecture, he also was an innovator in decoration. As a member of the
596:, which he abandoned in 1909. In 1913, Just before the First World War, Sauvage built a new structure for
298:
876:
Dix ans de lutte contre le taudis. L’œuvre de la Société Anonyme des Logements Hygiéniques à Bon Marché
426:
In addition to these two buildings created by his company, he also designed and built several HBMs, or
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253:
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tiles facing the courtyard. The Studio-Building was his response to the 1922 real estate project of
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864:
Exposition universelle internationale de 1900 à Paris - Rapport Général administratif et technique
735:
In 1930, Sauvage became engaged in his final large project, the expansion of the department store
622:
585:
205:
959:
G. Morice, « Immeuble du Vert-Galant quai des Orfèvres par M. Sauvage, architecte »,
402:
Cité de l'Argentine, 111 Avenue Victor Hugo, combining apartments and a shopping gallery (1911)
1092:
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1054:
878:, Paris s.d. (v. 1911). Archives Henri Sauvage, Centre d'archives d'architectes du XIX Siecle.
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173:
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République française, ministère du Commerce, de l’Industrie, des Postes et des Télégraphes,
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117:
946:, 25 April 1925, p. 105-114. A. Goissaud, « Exposition des arts décoratifs »,
929:, catalogue d’exposition, Paris, Centre Georges Pompidou, 1994, p. 198. J.-B. Minnaert,
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in the Yvelines Department, and a residence for Julien Reinach, at 11 villa Madrid in
1109:
515:
249:
153:
849:, n°40, 5 octobre 1901, p. 342-348. F. Jourdain, "La villa Majorelle à Nancy",
575:
Vert Galant, an art deco apartment building at 42 quai des Orfèvres, Paris, next to
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609:
329:
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762:
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Studio building, 65 rue Jean de la Fontaine, 16th arrondissement, Paris, (1926–28)
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200:
133:
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The Majorelle building, at 126 rue de Provence (8th arrondissement), built for
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Low-cost apartment building at 7 rue Trétaigne 18th arrondissement, (1903-1904)
233:
Private dining room at the Café de Paris, now in the Carnavalet Museum (1899)
141:
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The Cité de l'Argentine, 111 Avenue Victor Hugo, 16th arrondissement (1911)
30:
551:
MK2 Gambetta Cinema at 4 rue Belgrand, 20th arrondissement, Paris (1920).
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Apartment building at 26 rue Vavin, 6th arrondissement, Paris, (1912-1914)
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209:
137:
836:, catalogue d’exposition, Paris, musée d’Orsay/Nicolas Chaudun, 2008.
747:
70:
48:
653:, and, in 1926, two villas in a rationalist style, one for himself
1022:"Plus d'informations sur la bibliothèque Carnegie et son histoire"
277:
En 1897, Sauvage went to Brussels, where he worked with architect
66:
44:
976:
L. Escande, « Les Grands Travaux de la Samaritaine »,
285:. He also saw and studied the work of the rationalist architect
199:
Sauvage first achieved recognition designing decoration in the
308:
In 1898, he received a commission from the furniture designer
1006:, Leipzig, Berlin, Klinkhardt und Biermann, 1928, trad. fra.
845:
L.-Ch. Boileau, « Causerie - La villa Majorelle »,
834:
Alexandre Charpentier (1856-1909). Naturalisme et Art Nouveau
931:
Henri Sauvage (1873-1932) – Projets et architectures à Paris
588:, a society of artists founded in 1903 at the initiative of
212:, then furniture and other decorative objects, working with
148:
buildings in Paris. His major works include the art nouveau
832:
For his connection with Charpentier, see E. HĂ©ran (dir.),
823:, Paris, musée d’Orsay/Réunion des musées nationaux, 1992.
500:
Swimming pool entrance of 13 rue des amiraux (1922-1927)
808:
Le Castel Béranger - Œuvre d’Hector Guimard (1894-1898)
914:
Architecture : dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles
518:, who used similar designs in much larger buildings.
421:
Société anonyme de logements hygiéniques à bon marché
324:, Sauvage designed a theater for the American dancer
305:, where he regularly exhibited his decorative works.
757:
From 1929 until 1931, he taught architecture at the
514:, Jean Balladur, Michel Andrault, Pierre Parat, and
109:
95:
87:
77:
55:
37:
21:
927:La Ville, Art et Architecture en Europe 1870-1993
184:(1859-1926), the painter and furniture designer
272:Ceramic decoration on facade of Villa Majorelle
144:. He was also a pioneer in the construction of
759:École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs
188:(the son of Frantz Jourdain), the architects
8:
790:of which he was one of the winners in 1926.
730:The Decré department store in Nantes (1931)
172:from 1892 to 1903, in the course taught by
208:. Working with his father's firm, he made
168:Henri Sauvage studied architecture at the
29:
18:
170:École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts
82:École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts
989:J. Duiker, « Henri Sauvage »,
788:Concours de façades de la ville de Paris
1010:, Paris, Éditions de la Villette, 2000.
887:
799:
668:
525:
454:
356:
353:Low-cost housing and a shopping gallery
223:
1051:Paris architectures de la Belle Epoque
993:(Pays-Bas), n° 11, 26 mai, p. 103-108.
901:Henri Sauvage, les immeubles Ă gradins
810:, Paris, Librairie Rouam et Cie, 1898.
579:and the Palais de Justice (1929-1932)
140:, and the beginning of architectural
7:
1070:1000 Immeubles et monuments de Paris
1008:Construire en France en fer en béton
1004:Bauen in Frankreich Eisen Eisenbeton
180:(1847-1935), the furniture designer
965:Bulletin de l’art ancien et moderne
718:Building 3 of La Samaritaine (1930)
682:department store, Paris (1926-1928)
853:, n°16, 15 août 1902, pp. 242-250.
322:Paris Universal Exposition of 1900
14:
1089:Paris- Panorama de l'architecture
903:, Paris/Liège, IFA/Mardaga, 1987.
706:La Samaritaine, building 2 (1928)
156:and the art-deco building of the
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303:Société nationale des beaux-arts
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100:Chevalier de la LĂ©gion d'honneur
694:Detail of La Samaritaine (1928)
645:Orfèvres, next to the historic
438:. Sauvage and his contemporary
1131:20th-century French architects
600:in what later became known as
451:The stepped apartment building
1:
916:, , Bruxelles, Mardaga, 1981.
281:, one of the pioneers of the
1126:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
1024:(in French). Archived from
378:Doorway of 7 rue Trétaigne
328:, working in collaboration
160:department store in Paris.
1162:
950:, 3 May 1925, p. 361-371.
771:Carnegie Library of Reims
604:, making him, along with
390:facade of 7 rue Trétaigne
317:of the history of Paris.
164:Training and early career
123:
105:
28:
1068:Poisson, Michel (2009).
978:La Technique des Travaux
967:, novembre 1932, p. 331.
665:La Samaritaine and Decré
661:, in the Paris suburbs.
428:Habitations à bon marché
1020:Bibliothèque de Reims.
948:La Construction moderne
655:Saint-Martin-la-Garenne
336:and the ceramic artist
1136:Art Nouveau architects
1087:Texier, Simon (2012).
476:Detail of 26 rue Vavin
1141:Architects from Rouen
819:Ph. Thiébaut (dir.),
641:in New York in 1857.
436:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
299:Alexandre Charpentier
1049:Plum, Giles (2014).
899:F. Loyer, H. Guéné,
254:Lucien Weissenburger
1146:Art Deco architects
851:La Lorraine artiste
754:of historic Paris.
639:Richard Morris Hunt
1098:978-2-84096-667-8
1079:978-2-84096-539-8
1060:978-2-84096-800-9
980:, December 1933.
912:H.-R. Hitchcock,
783:Art Deco in Paris
659:Neuilly-sur-Seine
627:Neuilly-sur-Seine
315:Carnavalet Museum
174:Jean-Louis Pascal
127:
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512:Georges Candilis
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347:La Mode Pratique
334:Francis Jourdain
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186:Francis Jourdain
62:
33:
19:
16:French architect
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741:Frantz Jourdain
731:
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695:
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623:François Pompon
615:Legion of Honor
598:Louis Majorelle
590:Frantz Jourdain
586:Salon d'automne
580:
573:
564:
561:
552:
549:
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537:Louis Majorelle
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342:Frantz Jourdain
338:Alexandre Bigot
310:Louis Majorelle
273:
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261:
258:Louis Majorelle
246:Villa Majorelle
243:
234:
231:
222:
214:Louis Majorelle
206:Castel BĂ©ranger
182:Louis Majorelle
178:Frantz Jourdain
166:
150:Villa Majorelle
118:Villa Majorelle
78:Alma mater
73:
64:
60:
51:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1097:
1091:. Parigramme.
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1078:
1072:. Parigramme.
1065:
1059:
1053:. Parigramme.
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1012:
995:
991:De 8 en Opbouw
982:
969:
961:L’Architecture
952:
944:L’Architecture
935:
918:
905:
892:
890:, p. 319.
880:
868:
855:
847:L’Architecture
838:
825:
812:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
785:
778:
775:
737:La Samaritaine
733:
732:
729:
722:
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710:
708:
705:
698:
696:
693:
686:
684:
680:La Samaritaine
677:
670:
666:
663:
651:Combs-la-Ville
647:Place Dauphine
606:Auguste Perret
582:
581:
577:Place Dauphine
574:
567:
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553:
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541:
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502:
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440:Auguste Perret
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279:Paul Saintenoy
275:
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264:
262:
244:
237:
235:
232:
225:
221:
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194:Auguste Perret
190:Hector Guimard
165:
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158:La Samaritaine
146:public housing
125:
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121:
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114:La Samaritaine
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
97:
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84:
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65:
63:(aged 58)
59:March 21, 1932
57:
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43:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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2:
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1028:on 2009-02-13
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1043:Bibliography
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
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291:Hotel Tassel
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61:(1932-03-21)
41:May 10, 1873
1121:1932 deaths
1116:1873 births
594:Art nouveau
539:(1912-1914)
326:LoĂŻe Fuller
287:Paul Hankar
283:Art Nouveau
220:Art Nouveau
201:Art Nouveau
134:Art Nouveau
1110:Categories
1032:2010-04-03
136:movement,
88:Occupation
769:lobby of
763:Compiègne
617:in 1926.
142:modernism
110:Buildings
91:Architect
777:See also
767:Art Deco
602:Art déco
522:Art Deco
432:Le Havre
252:, with
210:stencils
138:Art Deco
821:Guimard
320:At the
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748:Nantes
260:(1898)
96:Awards
71:France
49:France
795:Notes
250:Nancy
67:Paris
45:Rouen
1093:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1055:ISBN
678:The
256:and
192:and
56:Died
38:Born
248:in
152:in
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