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Adults typically visit flowers and hold their wings together while feeding. Hesperiinae are unique in that they hold their wings partially open while resting, with the forewings and hindwings held at different angles. This is known as the "jet-plane position". Most male grass skippers perch to await
288:
They are usually orange, rust, or brown in colour and have pointed forewings. Many species have dark markings or black stigmas on their forewings. Most members of this subfamily have an oval antenna club with an
319:
Adults are strong fliers; they move quickly and usually in a linear direction. Some of the species, however, do flutter and these species patrol for females rather than perch.
1201:
940:
Oviposition
Selection by a Rare Grass Skipper, Polites mardon, in Montane Habitats: Advancing Ecological Understanding for Developing Conservation Strategies
995:
1175:
938:
50:
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269:, this is the largest skipper butterfly subfamily and occurs worldwide except in New Zealand. About 50 percent of grass skippers live in the
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891:
Immature stages of the skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera: hesperiidae) of the United States : biology, morphology, and descriptions
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838:
813:
763:
738:
41:
921:
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613:
Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019).
1188:
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964:
75:
1141:
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Threatened (Canada), Endangered (USA state WI), Threatened (USA state IA, MI), Species of
Concern (USA state MN)
435:
370:
701:
Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2019). "Fifty new genera of
Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)".
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Threatened (Canada), Endangered (Canada province MB), Federal
Candidate (USA), Vulnerable (ICUN)
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Endangered (USA states IL, NJ, NY), Threatened (USA state MN), Species of
Concern (USA state IA)
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273:. 137 species are native to North America. Around 38 species are native to Australia. Genera
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492:
Endangered (Canada), Threatened (Canada province MB), Threatened (USA states (IL, MI, MN)
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G2 Imperiled (Global), S2 Imperiled, Species of
Greatest Conservation Need (USA state FL)
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574:"Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)"
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862:
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1001:
213:
127:
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779:
KĂĽkenthal, Willy (1999). Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Kristensen, Niels P. (eds.).
615:"Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns"
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998:: Preliminary species list. Version of 6 April 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
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Kitching, R.L.; Scheermeyer, E.; Jones, R.E.; Pierce, N.E., eds. (1999).
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117:
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758:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 480.
572:
Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14).
864:
The
Butterflies of North America A Natural History and Field Guide
808:. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 71.
1038:
754:
Boggs, Carol L.; Watt, Ward B.; Ehrlich, Paul R., eds. (2003).
308:
Hesperiinae larvae feed on many different types of grasses and
946:(PhD). Washington State University Vancouver. pp. 40–41
733:. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications, Inc. p. 9.
783:. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 274.
253:
family, Hesperiidae. The subfamily was established by
996:
479:
Endangered (USA state WA & Federal
Candidate USA)
327:
The following grass skippers are considered at risk.
1047:
916:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 302.
781:VOLUME 1: EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATICS, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
914:Kaufman Focus Guides Butterflies of North America
625:(13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24.
305:do not. The antennae generally has a sharp bend.
1002:Reference photographs: Skippers of North America
833:. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 274.
756:Butterflies Ecology and Evolution Taking Flight
619:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
867:. Stanford University Press. p. 424-425.
312:and palms, though some species are limited.
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912:Brock, Jim P.; Kaufman, Kenn (2003).
675:Brower, Andrew V.Z.; Warren, Andrew.
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1155:8ac96bbb-7a73-43c9-9fc1-d09a732f66e1
831:Lepidoptera, moths, and butterflies
25:
806:Biology of Australian Butterflies
245:are butterflies of the subfamily
505:Threatened (USA Federal listing)
440:Endangered (USA Federal listing)
427:Endangered (USA Federal listing)
74:
384:White-banded grass-dart skipper
1:
829:Kristensen, Niels P. (1999).
731:Butterflies of the Carolinas
681:The Tree of Life Web Project
677:"Hesperiinae Latreille 1809"
261:Description and distribution
1259:
965:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
729:Daniels, Jaret C. (2003).
265:With over 2,000 described
937:Beyer, Loni Jean (2009).
453:Threatened (US state (MI)
371:Orange grass-dart skipper
281:exist exclusively in the
165:
160:
71:Scientific classification
69:
57:
48:
39:
34:
861:Scott, James A. (1986).
544:Threatened (Mexico, USA)
531:Endangered (US state DE)
436:Carson wandering skipper
27:Subfamily of butterflies
888:Minno, Marc C. (1994).
640:10.1073/pnas.1821304116
1004:Cirrus Digital Imaging
501:Pawnee montane skipper
345:Silver spotted skipper
255:Pierre André Latreille
1215:Paleobiology Database
514:Poweshiek skipperling
293:on the tip, although
1150:Fauna Europaea (new)
349:Rare, Protected (UK)
631:2019PNAS..116.6232L
1018:2012-02-11 at the
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1041:Taxon identifiers
790:9-783-11015-704-8
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540:Wandering skipper
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527:Rare skipper
488:Otto skipper
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323:Conservation
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1243:Hesperiinae
1163:iNaturalist
1093:Hesperiinae
1079:Hesperiinae
1073:Wikispecies
1049:Hesperiinae
247:Hesperiinae
219:Pericharini
214:Megathymini
169:Aeromachini
148:Hesperiinae
144:Subfamily:
138:Hesperiidae
128:Lepidoptera
64:Oxfordshire
18:Hesperiinae
1022:Images of
950:2018-09-16
923:0618254005
898:2018-09-11
554:References
391:Australia
378:Australia
271:Neotropics
199:Hesperiini
189:Erionotini
108:Arthropoda
686:5 October
339:Location
316:females.
283:Holarctic
257:in 1809.
224:Psolosini
204:Eetionini
153:Latreille
94:Kingdom:
88:Eukaryota
1237:Category
1111:BugGuide
1100:BioLib:
1058:Wikidata
1016:Archived
659:30877254
600:35370352
291:apiculus
279:Hesperia
275:Ochlodes
194:Gretnini
134:Family:
104:Phylum:
98:Animalia
84:Domain:
1064:Q281418
711:: 1–56.
650:6442542
627:Bibcode
591:8975183
584:(921).
365:Europe
352:Europe
333:Species
267:species
251:skipper
179:Baorini
161:Tribes
124:Order:
118:Insecta
114:Class:
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1181:694057
1168:122493
1142:440705
1030:Flickr
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336:Status
310:sedges
302:Piruna
209:Ismini
155:, 1809
1207:40096
1129:93MWY
1116:12855
1103:51262
1024:types
944:(PDF)
58:both
1202:NCBI
1176:ITIS
1013:RMCA
918:ISBN
869:ISBN
835:ISBN
810:ISBN
785:ISBN
760:ISBN
735:ISBN
709:0731
688:2018
655:PMID
596:PMID
582:2022
388:Rare
375:Rare
299:and
277:and
1189:NBN
1124:CoL
1088:AFD
1008:TOL
645:PMC
635:doi
623:116
586:PMC
241:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
