1495:
1329:
227:
768:, besides other gifts, the people poured their gifts into the sacred treasury with great enthusiasm. First they erected and dedicated the altar of God on the exact spot where it had formerly stood, and they then cleared away the charred heaps of debris that occupied the site of the old temple; and in the second month of the second year (535 BCE), amid great public excitement and rejoicing, the foundations of the Second Temple were laid. A wide interest was felt in this great movement, although it was regarded with mixed feelings by the spectators.
259:
1507:
668:
196:
1193:
3460:). Quote: "...So he (Titus) gave orders to the soldiers both to burn and plunder the city; who did nothing indeed that day; but on the next day they set fire to the repository of the archives, to Acra, to the council-house, and to the place called Ophlas; at which time the fire proceeded as far as the palace of queen Helena, which was in the middle of Acra: the lanes also were burnt down, as were also those houses that were full of the dead bodies of such as were destroyed by famine."
1773:, partially preserved on a stone discovered below the southwest corner of the Herodian Mount, contains the words "to the place of trumpeting". The stone's shape suggests that it was part of a parapet, and it has been interpreted as belonging to a spot on the Mount described by Josephus, "where one of the priests to stand and to give notice, by sound of trumpet, in the afternoon of the approach, and on the following evening of the close, of every
726:
1229:. For example, the Temple Mount complex initially measured 7 hectares (17 acres) in size, but Herod expanded it to 14.4 hectares (36 acres) and so doubled its area. Herod's work on the Temple is generally dated from 20/19 BCE until 12/11 or 10 BCE. Writer Bieke Mahieu dates the work on the Temple enclosures from 25 BCE and that on the Temple building in 19 BCE, and situates the dedication of both in November 18 BCE.
1181:
4768:
1686:
266:
234:
203:
58:
1265:
5136:
2806:
2329:
1163:, sent his lieutenant to investigate the conflict in Judaea. Both Hyrcanus and Aristobulus appealed to him for support. Pompey was not diligent in making a decision about this, which caused Aristobulus to march off. He was pursued by Pompey and surrendered but his followers closed Jerusalem to Pompey's forces. The Romans
1285:
had a plateau at the northern end, and steeply declined on the southern slope. It was Herod's plan that the entire mountain be turned into a giant square platform. The Temple Mount was originally intended to be 1,600 feet (490 m) wide by 900 feet (270 m) broad by 9 stories high, with walls
1244:
was replaced by a magnificent edifice. Herod's Temple was one of the larger construction projects of the 1st century BCE. Josephus records that Herod was interested in perpetuating his name through building projects, that his construction programs were extensive and paid for by heavy taxes, but that
3473:
7.1.1.), Quote: "Caesar gave orders that they should now demolish the entire city and temple, but should leave as many of the towers standing as were of the greatest eminence; that is, Phasael, and
Hippicus, and Mariamme, and so much of the wall as enclosed the city on the west side. This wall was
2271:
Until the modern period, the destruction of the Temple was the most cataclysmic moment in the history of the Jewish people. The sage
Yochanan ben Zakkai, with permission from Rome, set up the outpost of Yavneh to continue develop of Pharisaic, or rabbinic,
693:
in 559 BCE made the re-establishment of the city of
Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the Temple possible. Some rudimentary ritual sacrifice had continued at the site of the first temple following its destruction. According to the closing verses of the
1809:) remains as the beginning of an arch that spanned the gap between the top of the platform and the higher ground farther away. Visitors and pilgrims also entered through the still-extant, but now plugged, gates on the southern side that led through
1336:
The Royal Stoa is widely accepted to be part of Herod's work; however, recent archaeological finds in the
Western Wall tunnels suggest that it was built in the first century during the reign of Agripas, as opposed to the 1st century BCE.
4648:
3474:
spared, in order to afford a camp for such as were to lie in garrison; as were the towers also spared, in order to demonstrate to posterity what kind of city it was, and how well fortified, which the Roman valour had subdued."
602:
signified a period of renewed Jewish hope and religious revival. According to biblical sources, the Second Temple was originally a relatively modest structure built under the authority of the
Persian-appointed Jewish governor
622:, hence the alternative eponymous name for the structure. Herod's transformation efforts resulted in a grand and imposing structure and courtyard, including the large edifices and façades shown in modern models, such as the
4691:
827:
includes a prediction that the glory of the Second Temple would be greater than that of the first. While the Temple may well have been consecrated in 516, construction and expansion may have continued as late as 500 BCE.
1403:
According to
Josephus, there were ten entrances into the inner courts, four on the south, four on the north, one on the east and one leading east to west from the Court of Women to the court of the Israelites, named the
1167:
and took the city in 63 BCE. The priests continued with the religious practices inside the Temple during the siege. The temple was not looted or harmed by the Romans. Pompey himself, perhaps inadvertently, went into the
1915:
The period between the construction of the Second Temple in 515 BCE and its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE witnessed major historical upheavals and significant religious changes that would affect most subsequent
807:
became king (522 BCE). In the second year of his rule the work of rebuilding the temple was resumed and carried forward to its completion, under the stimulus of the earnest counsels and admonitions of the prophets
5430:
831:
Some of the original artifacts from the Temple of
Solomon are not mentioned in the sources after its destruction in 586 BCE, and are presumed lost. The Second Temple lacked various holy articles, including the
820:, in the sixth year of the reign of Darius, amid great rejoicings on the part of all the people, although it was evident that the Jews were no longer an independent people, but were subject to a foreign power.
775:
wanted to help with this work but
Zerubbabel and the elders declined such cooperation, feeling that the Jews must build the Temple unaided. Immediately evil reports were spread regarding the Jews. According to
756:
to
Jerusalem, were animated in all their proceedings by a strong religious impulse, and therefore one of their first concerns was to restore their ancient house of worship by rebuilding their destroyed Temple.
3453:
1212:
in the 20th century provided another possible source. Lawrence
Schiffman states that after studying Josephus and the Temple Scroll, he found Josephus to be historically more reliable than the Temple Scroll.
3350:
1752:
The word "foreigner" has an ambiguous meaning. Some scholars believe it referred to all gentiles, regardless of ritual purity status or religion. Others argue that it referred to unconverted Gentiles since
1545:. Josephus, while an apologist for the Empire, claims the burning of the Temple was the impulsive act of a Roman soldier, despite Titus's orders to preserve it, whereas later Christian sources, traced to
1391:, it can mean little wing, or by extension anything like a wing such as a battlement or parapet. The archaeologist Benjamin Mazar thought it referred to the southeast corner of the Temple overlooking the
5385:
1625:
Historical accounts relate that not only the Jewish Temple was destroyed, but also the entire Lower city of Jerusalem. Even so, according to Josephus, Titus did not totally raze the towers (such as the
752:
after the demise of the Kingdom of Judah seventy years earlier. The body of pilgrims, forming a band of 42,360, having completed the long and dreary journey of some four months, from the banks of the
3916:
1494:
1286:
up to 16 feet (4.9 m) thick, but had never been finished. To complete it, a trench was dug around the mountain, and huge stone blocks were laid. Some of these weighed well over 100 tons,
1460:, where they would join a caravan for the three-day trek to the Holy City and would then find lodgings in one of the many hotels or hostelries. Then they changed some of their money from the
5355:
5335:
3402:
4979:
3573:
1576:
built the Colosseum with war spoils in 79âpossibly from the spoils of the Second Temple. The sects of Judaism that had their base in the Temple dwindled in importance, including the
3876:
1662:). When the city was eventually taken, the Arab auxiliaries who had fought alongside the Romans under their general, Fanjar, also spared that westernmost wall from destruction.
1737:
Translation: "Let no foreigner enter within the parapet and the partition which surrounds the Temple precincts. Anyone caught will be held accountable for his ensuing death."
1328:
1325:
praised by Josephus as "more worthy of mention than any other under the sun"; its main part was a lengthy Hall of Columns which includes 162 columns, structured in four rows.
3746:
3093:
2644:
594:âa biblical event in which the Jewish people returned to the former Kingdom of Judah, which the Persians had recently restructured as the self-governing Jewish province of
5365:
3943:
3193:
816:. It was ready for consecration in the spring of 516 BCE, more than twenty years after the return from captivity. The Temple was completed on the third day of the month
722:), construction started at the original site of the altar of Solomon's Temple. These events represent the final section in the historical narrative of the Hebrew Bible.
1135:
was determined to have the throne, and as soon as she died he seized the throne. Hyrcanus, who was next in the succession, agreed to be content with being high priest.
634:, where both Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple stood, was also significantly expanded, doubling in size to become the ancient world's largest religious sanctuary.
3687:
226:
4733:
4638:
3450:
2918:
Lawrence Schiffman "Descriptions of the Jerusalem Temple in Josephus and the Temple Scroll" in Chapter 11 of "The Courtyards of the House of the Lord", Brill, 2008
1949:
3779:
2012:, Brown University Press: Providence 1956, p. 30. However, Jewish tradition holds that the Second Temple stood for only 420 years, i.e. from 352 BCE â 68 CE. See:
2780:
2065:
5435:
3418:
1099:, and to sacrifice swine's flesh upon the altar; against which they all opposed themselves, and the most approved among them were put to death." Following the
729:
Modern-day reconstruction of Jerusalem during the 10th century BCE, showing Solomon's Temple, which was on the site prior to the building of the Second Temple.
258:
5440:
195:
5425:
1964:
88:
1119:
There is some evidence from archaeology that further changes to the structure of the Temple and its surroundings were made during the Hasmonean rule.
5370:
5330:
1369:] brought Him to Jerusalem, set Him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to Him, "If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down from here."
5380:
4128:
3393:
2758:
5350:
5340:
3936:
296:
5390:
3663:
3370:
3322:
3270:
3231:
2923:
2892:
2855:
2701:
2656:
2552:
2407:
2371:
2303:
2256:
2221:
2169:
1921:
3873:
3717:
4728:
4341:
3804:
3565:
748:
Based on the biblical account, after the return from Babylonian captivity, arrangements were immediately made to reorganize the desolated
3328:
2377:
2093:
According to this calculation, this year which is one-thousand, one-hundred and seven years following the destruction, which year in the
5375:
2898:
2175:
1435:
5051:
4804:
4351:
4105:
3929:
3605:
2880:
An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus
4703:
3738:
2216:. Hannah M. Cotton, Werner Eck, Marfa Heimbach, Benjamin Isaac, Alla Kushnir-Stein, Haggai Misgav. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 41.
1873:
confirmed that the large outlines of the stone cuts is evidence that it was a massive public project worked by hundreds of slaves.
3883:
The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
3089:
2641:
1789:
After 1967, archaeologists found that the wall extended all the way around the Temple Mount and is part of the city wall near the
1549:, suggest that Titus himself authorized the destruction, a view currently favored by modern scholars, though the debate persists.
3540:
3484:
Ben Shahar, Meir (2015). "When was the Second Temple Destroyed? Chronology and Ideology in Josephus and in Rabbinic Literature".
1631:
3886:
1825:(ritual baths) for the ritual purification of the worshipers, and a grand stairway leading to one of the now blocked entrances.
4738:
4630:
930:
459:
4420:
3190:
4110:
3290:
2784:
1701:
1290:
measuring 44.6 by 11 by 16.5 feet (13.6 m Ă 3.4 m Ă 5.0 m) and weighing approximately 567â628 tons.
1156:
1302:, with vendors selling souvenirs, sacrificial animals, food. Currency was also exchanged, with Roman currency exchanged for
3894:
2109:" (END QUOTE). = the destruction occurring in the lunar month of Av, two months preceding the New Year of 3,829 anno mundi.
1708:. The stone inscription outlined the prohibition extended to those who were not of the Jewish nation to proceed beyond the
1014:, and the laws of misappropriation of sacred property. In addition, the order contains a description of the Second Temple (
5360:
5270:
4296:
3679:
3629:
1974:
1865:
announced the discovery of a quarry compound that may have provided King Herod with the stones to build his Temple on the
1862:
1431:
1269:
934:
1461:
5285:
4830:
4643:
4392:
4361:
3769:
2466:
1882:
1770:
1743:
1307:
289:
5203:
4301:
3907:
2338:
1577:
1185:
1096:
623:
567:
71:
5410:
5265:
5080:
1527:
864:
and the sacred fire. The Second Temple also included many of the original vessels of gold that had been taken by the
638:
3214:
Bouflet, Joachim (2023). "Fraudes Mystiques RĂŠcentes â Maria Valtorta (1897â1961) â Anachronismes et incongruitĂŠs".
1696:
In 1871, a hewn stone measuring 60 cm Ă 90 cm (24 in Ă 35 in) and engraved with Greek
5405:
4699:
4306:
1989:
1705:
1542:
1489:
1164:
813:
642:
536:
373:
1310:, when Jerusalem was packed with Jewish pilgrims who had come for Passover, perhaps numbering 300,000 to 400,000.
5420:
5400:
4687:
4581:
4148:
4138:
4082:
3187:'Go Out and Study the Land' (Judges 18:2): Archaeological, Historical and Textual Studies in Honor of Hanan Eshel
1806:
612:
2545:
A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Yehud: A History of the Persian Province of Judah
667:
5415:
5395:
5290:
5031:
4695:
4546:
1969:
2934:
Petrech & Edelcopp, "Four stages in the evolution of the Temple Mount", Revue Biblique (2013), pp. 343â344
4944:
1103:
against the Seleucid empire, the Second Temple was rededicated and became the religious pillar of the Jewish
4958:
4683:
4594:
4056:
3595:
2825:
2343:
1869:. Coins, pottery and an iron stake found proved the date of the quarrying to be about 19 BCE. Archaeologist
1499:
1387:
1069:
165:
764:, the governor, who showed them a remarkable example of liberality by contributing personally 1,000 golden
5325:
5249:
5042:
4797:
4679:
4561:
4171:
4153:
3357:, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 194â195,
1840:
1318:
1136:
1084:
875:
No detailed description of the Temple's architecture is given in the Hebrew Bible, save that it was sixty
3828:
3113:
1147:, and returned with an army to take back the throne. He defeated Aristobulus and besieged Jerusalem. The
4998:
4771:
4410:
4095:
4000:
2455:
2161:
1979:
1954:
1910:
1519:
1506:
1204:
had for long been used for proposing possible designs for the Temple up to 70 CE. The discovery of the
1192:
1160:
1128:
975:
571:
522:
211:
125:
93:
2750:
1714:
separating the larger Court of the Gentiles and the inner courts. The inscription read in seven lines:
1408:
Gate. According to Josephus, Herod the Great erected a golden eagle over the great gate of the Temple.
4188:
3185:: Albert Baumgarten, 'Herod's Eagle', in Aren M. Maeir, Jodi Magness and Lawrence H. Schiffman (eds),
1614:
in 135 CE, many of the Jewish communities were massacred. Jews were banned from entering Jerusalem. A
1139:, the governor of IdumĂŚa, encouraged Hyrcanus not to give up his throne. Eventually, Hyrcanus fled to
5116:
4951:
4937:
4711:
4707:
4669:
4664:
4566:
4405:
4177:
4061:
3984:
3818:
3133:
1901:
is thought to be a representation of the Second Temple carved before its destruction in the year 70.
1834:
1416:
1346:
855:
742:
662:
514:
2990:
5198:
5166:
4674:
4505:
4415:
4371:
4331:
4227:
4222:
4214:
4143:
4030:
4020:
3223:
2567:
2460:
2287:
1984:
1917:
1642:
1:32) recounts a similar episode related to the destruction of the city, according to which Rabban
1073:
1061:
987:
940:
833:
695:
559:
495:
438:
3709:
2809: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1854:
5280:
5192:
5058:
5024:
5017:
4992:
4753:
4425:
4040:
4015:
3774:
3501:
3427:
3262:
3071:
2106:
2059:
1933:
1665:
1643:
861:
804:
719:
715:
4463:
4264:
3597:
Contesting Conversion: Genealogy, Circumcision, and Identity in Ancient Judaism and Christianity
1802:
1172:
and the next day ordered the priests to repurify the Temple and resume the religious practices.
734:
879:
in both width and height, and was constructed with stone and lumber. In the Second Temple, the
5176:
4972:
4790:
4430:
4066:
4005:
3659:
3625:
3601:
3366:
3318:
3312:
3266:
3227:
3063:
2919:
2888:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2652:
2611:
2589:
2548:
2403:
2367:
2359:
2299:
2262:
2252:
2227:
2217:
2165:
2084:
2047:
2019:
1611:
1350:
1104:
1065:
1029:
946:
690:
575:
399:
176:
2878:
2155:
5275:
5144:
4985:
4845:
4609:
4531:
4521:
4387:
4279:
4025:
4010:
3493:
3358:
3055:
2874:
2603:
2540:
2008:
Based on regnal years of Darius I, brought down in Richard Parker & Waldo Dubberstein's
1607:
1588:
1511:
1249:
1209:
1120:
1100:
1077:
971:
896:
849:
837:
703:
650:
599:
563:
448:
3847:
Jewish Literature between the Bible and the Mishnah: A Historical and Literary Introduction
3001:
Dan Bahat: Touching the Stones of our Heritage, Israeli ministry of Religious Affairs, 2002
2816:
725:
5345:
5300:
5295:
5244:
5234:
5161:
4886:
4556:
4541:
4526:
4458:
4346:
4274:
4087:
3880:
3457:
3197:
3137:
2717:
2668:
2648:
1959:
1754:
1651:
1600:
1405:
1222:
1018:
914:
869:
788:
686:
619:
618:
In the 1st century BCE, the Second Temple was refurbished and expanded under the reign of
579:
555:
518:
506:
472:
404:
340:
3854:
Texts and Traditions: A Source Reader for the Study of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
2739:. Vol. 10 (1st ed.). Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House Ltd. pp. 1126â1127.
1833:
Inside the walls, the platform was supported by a series of vaulted archways, now called
672:
2724:. Vol. 5. Singer, M. H. (translator). London: The Soncino Press. pp. xviiâxxi.
891:) was separated by curtains rather than a wall as in the First Temple. Still, as in the
706:, when the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem following a decree from Cyrus the Great (
5239:
5111:
5096:
4921:
4860:
4743:
4615:
4604:
4571:
4551:
4269:
4254:
3979:
3622:"'To the place of trumpeting âŚ,' Hebrew inscription on a parapet from the Temple Mount"
3446:
3259:
3125:
3025:
2820:
2334:
2292:
1790:
1619:
1592:
1565:
1515:
1465:
1421:
1354:
1169:
1132:
1043:
1011:
880:
845:
824:
792:
749:
646:
595:
591:
583:
426:
422:
160:
115:
103:
3532:
1180:
986:, provides detailed descriptions and discussions of the religious laws connected with
943:
states that the Second Temple stood for 420 years, and, based on the 2nd-century work
5319:
5135:
5106:
5008:
4930:
4896:
4855:
4748:
4536:
4500:
4366:
4356:
4291:
4286:
4244:
4193:
4035:
3861:
The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud
3029:
3010:
2959:
2810:
2632:
2547:. Library of Second Temple Studies 47. Vol. 1. T&T Clark. pp. 282â285.
1898:
1858:
1814:
1697:
1635:
1561:
1553:
1531:
1477:
1427:
1392:
1303:
1287:
1205:
1003:
765:
627:
75:
3823:
5229:
4599:
4495:
4323:
4313:
3952:
2094:
2037:
2029:
1886:
1866:
1798:
1794:
1669:
1615:
1595:, built much later. Although Jews continued to inhabit the destroyed city, Emperor
1535:
1469:
1314:
1148:
1007:
738:
699:
631:
587:
181:
140:
17:
3362:
3282:
2884:
733:
The original core of the book of Nehemiah, the first-person memoir, may have been
2459:
1817:
was designed as a grand entrance. Recent archaeological digs have found numerous
5121:
4965:
2213:
Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae: Volume 1 1/1: Jerusalem, Part 1: 1-704
2033:
1925:
1870:
1685:
1456:
Jews from distant parts of the Roman Empire would arrive by boat at the port of
1232:
Religious worship and temple rituals continued during the construction process.
1124:
1095:, "compelled Jews to dissolve the laws of the country, to keep their infants un-
1021:), and a description and rules about the daily sacrifice service in the Temple (
865:
796:
434:
430:
3621:
3566:"Ancient Temple Mount 'warning' stone is 'closest thing we have to the Temple'"
2506:
2422:
2198:
1700:
was discovered near a court on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem and identified by
1200:
The writings of Flavius Josephus and the information in tractate Middot of the
5224:
5219:
4911:
4906:
4649:
Committee for the Prevention of Destruction of Antiquities on the Temple Mount
4589:
4453:
4259:
4232:
4133:
4100:
3497:
3486:
Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period
2627:
2578:
2517:
2495:
2266:
2121:
2102:
2098:
2072:
1530:
against the Roman Empire. Four years later, on the Hebrew calendrical date of
1451:
1253:
1241:
1140:
979:
960:
956:
892:
761:
604:
336:
3067:
2528:
2491:
2231:
2088:
2051:
1692:
inscription warning non-Jews from entering the sanctuary of the Second Temple
803:", an impostor, occupied the throne for some seven or eight months, and then
795:
to their homeland and rebuild the Temple, died, and was succeeded by his son
311:
298:
5171:
4876:
4448:
4336:
4183:
2079:(in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah. pp. 184â185 (Hil.
2023:
1929:
1810:
1749:
In 1935 a fragment of another similar Temple warning inscription was found.
1647:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1144:
1035:
910:
780:, the Samaritans sought to "frustrate their purpose" and sent messengers to
772:
753:
653:, which remains the mainstream form of Jewish religious practices globally.
242:
150:
3351:"The destruction of the Jerusalem Temple: its meaning and its consequences"
959:), 164 years later than academic estimates, and destruction in 68 CE (3828
57:
3355:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
2211:
5075:
4813:
3921:
2651:, Mesorah Publications, 1982. Appendix: Year of the Destruction, p. 213.
1358:
1322:
1108:
1092:
1022:
1015:
999:
983:
781:
777:
711:
707:
608:
540:
67:
3505:
3431:
2097:
counting is the 1,487th year (corresponding with Tishri 1175âElul 1176
2077:
Sefer Mishneh Torah - HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)
1510:
Present-day view of the Temple Mount looking southwest, with the golden
1264:
4881:
4850:
3964:
3956:
3658:. Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication. pp. 55â57.
3075:
3047:
2598:
2593:
1937:
1774:
1758:
1596:
1546:
1226:
1201:
967:
952:
800:
544:
2400:
Hellenistic Constructs: Essays In Culture, History, and Historiography
2246:
2046:(in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv. p. 161 (Comparative chronological dates).
1668:
includes a belief that the Second Temple will be replaced by a future
598:. The completion of the Second Temple at the time of the Persian king
535:. As such, it attracted Jewish pilgrims from distant lands during the
5101:
4468:
4400:
4249:
2480:
1820:
1778:
1761:(or Edomite) and was unlikely to exclude himself or his descendants.
1473:
1385:), which literally means a tower, rampart, or pinnacle. According to
1299:
1282:
1152:
991:
918:
903:
809:
548:
527:
274:
3189:(JSJ Suppl. 148; Leiden: Brill, 2012), pp. 7â21; Jonathan Bourgel, "
3059:
1618:
was set up on the former site of Herod's Temple for the practice of
1442:. In this, they support Josephus' description of the Second Temple.
4782:
1498:
Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans (1850 painting by
505:
and its destruction in 70 CE. In its last phase it was enhanced by
4901:
4891:
2843:
Being Jewish: The Spiritual and Cultural Practice of Judaism Today
1684:
1539:
1505:
1493:
1457:
1366:
1327:
1263:
1191:
1179:
1057:
1025:
995:
876:
841:
724:
666:
110:
2018:(in Hebrew) (4 ed.). Beer Sheba: Kodesh Books. p. 364.
1557:
1439:
1088:
817:
554:
Construction on the Second Temple began in the aftermath of the
532:
4786:
3925:
3770:"A Carved Stone Block Upends Assumptions About Ancient Judaism"
3034:
The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus.
2398:
Cartledge, Paul; Garnsey, Peter; Gruen, Erich S., eds. (1997).
1564:, with soldiers carrying spoils from the Temple, including the
2294:
The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra: An Historical Survey
2125:
1659:
1107:, as well as culturally associated with the Jewish holiday of
3840:
A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period
3416:
AlfĂśldy, GĂŠza (1995). "Eine Bauinschrift aus dem Colosseum".
1719:
1374:
1123:, the queen of the Hasmonean Kingdom appointed her elder son
1002:
of the order deal with the sacrifices of animals, birds, and
741:
around 400 BCE. Further editing probably continued into the
649:. The loss of the Second Temple prompted the development of
5431:
Jews and Judaism in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
3394:"Colosseum 'built with loot from sack of Jerusalem temple'"
3191:
Herod's golden eagle on the Temple gate: a reconsideration
2402:. California: University of California Press. p. 92.
1634:), keeping them as a memorial of the city's strength. The
1040:(the dwelling or settling divine presence of God) and the
998:
who carried out the duties and ceremonies of its service.
3903:
4 Enoch: The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism
3048:"The Royal Stoa in the Southern Part of the Temple Mount"
1543:
retook and destroyed much of Jerusalem and Herod's Temple
1438:" have proven that the roofs of the Second Temple had no
1306:
money, as also mentioned in the New Testament account of
982:. The fifth order, or division, of the Mishnah, known as
4980:
Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah
3902:
2124:' Responsa, etc.) put the Second Temple period from 352
2105:, it is a Seventh Year , and it is the 21st year of the
2044:
She'harim La'Luah Ha'ivry (Gates to the Hebrew Calendar)
3130:
Theological Dictionary of the New Testament: Volume III
3052:
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
784:
and Susa, with the result that the work was suspended.
525:; it was the chief place of worship, ritual sacrifice (
5386:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 1st century
3680:"Debris removed from Temple Mount sparks controversy"
3181:
Josephus, War 1.648â655; Ant 17.149â63. On this, see
1837:, which still exist. Their current renovation by the
1757:
wrote the inscription. Herod himself was a converted
1357:
both suggest that the Second Temple had one or more '
1838:
1709:
1646:, during the Roman siege of Jerusalem, requested of
1380:
1196:
View of the Temple Mount in 2013; east at the bottom
1041:
1033:
944:
901:
885:
853:
645:, marking a cataclysmic and transformative point in
482:
5258:
5212:
5185:
5154:
5143:
5089:
5068:
5041:
5007:
4920:
4869:
4838:
4829:
4721:
4657:
4629:
4580:
4514:
4488:
4481:
4441:
4380:
4322:
4213:
4206:
4164:
4121:
4075:
4049:
3993:
3972:
3963:
2642:
History of the Jewish people: the Second Temple era
1560:to commemorate Titus's victory in Judea, depicts a
1225:began with a massive expansion of the Temple Mount
454:
444:
418:
410:
398:
385:
380:
368:
346:
332:
327:
288:
172:
156:
146:
136:
131:
121:
109:
99:
87:
82:
34:
3656:The Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations
3392:
3349:Goldenberg, Robert (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.),
2683:
2360:"From Judaism to Biblical Religion and Back Again"
2291:
5356:6th-century BC religious buildings and structures
5336:1st-century BC religious buildings and structures
3533:"A Christian view of the coming Temple â opinion"
1650:that he spare the westernmost gates of the city (
1332:The Royal Stoa in the Holyland Model of Jerusalem
2720:, ed. (1948). "Introduction to Seder Kodashim".
2692:. New York: Hebrew Publishing Company. pp.
2157:Understanding Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
1587:The Temple was on the site of what today is the
1006:, the laws of bringing a sacrifice, such as the
3863:. 2 vols. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress.
2470:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
1950:Archaeological remnants of the Jerusalem Temple
1716:
1363:
1068:of Egypt until 200 BCE, when the Seleucid king
2364:The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship
2282:
2280:
1252:was reinstituted to support the temple as the
4798:
3937:
2955:
2953:
2947:, OLA 208, Leuven: Peeters, 2012, pp. 147â165
2869:
2867:
1245:his masterpiece was the Temple of Jerusalem.
1091:erected in the Temple. He also, according to
994:, the Temple and its furnishings, as well as
8:
3600:. Oxford University Press. pp. 87â110.
1818:
1518:to the left beyond some trees. Parts of the
676:
558:; the Second Temple's predecessor, known as
414:1930, 1967, 1968, 1970â1978, 1996â1999, 2007
43:
3849:. 2nd ed. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress.
2149:
2147:
2145:
1048:(holy spirit) present in the First Temple.
5151:
4835:
4805:
4791:
4783:
4485:
4210:
3969:
3944:
3930:
3922:
3419:Zeitschrift fĂźr Papyrologie und Epigraphik
2366:. New York University Press. p. 166.
2194:
2192:
2064:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1965:List of artifacts significant to the Bible
1926:centrality of law and morality in religion
1298:The Court of the Gentiles was primarily a
974:" stood where the Ark used to be, and the
671:Rebuilding of the Temple (illustration by
56:
31:
5366:70s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
3649:
3647:
1434:, and Yigael Shiloh in 1978â1982, in the
1426:states that "the teams of archaeologists
641:, the Second Temple was destroyed by the
3917:Picture gallery of a model of the temple
3559:
3557:
3317:. Oxford University Press. p. 212.
2450:
1278:Platform, substructures, retaining walls
1271:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture
1155:, who was in Syria fighting against the
590:as having authorized and encouraged the
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2141:
2010:Babylonian Chronology, 626 B.C.âA.D. 75
2001:
1934:apocalyptic expectations for the future
1480:, the latter two considered religious.
63:
2974:
2972:
2057:
1534:, either 4 August 70 or 30 August 70,
840:, before which were placed the pot of
27:Temple in Jerusalem (c. 516 BCEâ70 CE)
3172:Josephus, War 5.5.2; 198; m. Mid. 1.4
1785:Walls and gates of the Temple complex
1591:. The gates led close to what is now
1568:. According to an inscription on the
852:(divination objects contained in the
265:
233:
202:
7:
5436:Religion in ancient Israel and Judah
4342:The Western Wall Heritage Foundation
3768:Kershner, Isabel (8 December 2015).
3537:The Jerusalem Post â Christian World
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
1217:Temenos expansion, date and duration
1115:Hasmonean dynasty and Roman conquest
492: 'Second House of the Sanctum'
5441:Tabernacle and Temples in Jerusalem
3684:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
3632:from the original on 30 August 2023
2964:Secrets of Jerusalem's Temple Mount
2210:Feissel, Denis (23 December 2010).
1655:
1317:, on top the Temple walls, was the
1221:Reconstruction of the temple under
562:, had been destroyed alongside the
488:
476:
44:
5426:Jewish Persian and Iranian history
5052:The One with the Holiday Armadillo
3842:. 2 vols. New York: T&T Clark.
2735:Arzi, Abraham (1978). "Kodashim".
2298:. HarperCollins College Division.
1793:. Thus, the remaining part of the
1522:can be seen surrounding the Mount.
1184:Herod's Temple as imagined in the
517:, it stood as a pivotal symbol of
25:
3739:"Second Temple Flooring restored"
2337:; et al., eds. (1901â1906).
1742:Today, the stone is preserved in
895:, the Second Temple included the
5134:
4767:
4766:
3749:from the original on 16 May 2022
3405:from the original on 2022-01-11.
3314:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire
2846:. Simon & Schuster. p.
2829:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2804:
2779:Josephus, Flavius (2012-06-29).
2347:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2327:
1813:to the top of the platform. The
1744:Istanbul's Museum of Antiquities
509:, the result being later called
264:
257:
232:
225:
201:
194:
5371:Ancient Hebrew pilgrimage sites
5331:1871 archaeological discoveries
4469:Urn for ashes of the Red Heifer
3852:Schiffman, Lawrence, ed. 1998.
3782:from the original on 6 May 2020
3720:from the original on 2010-08-09
3690:from the original on 2022-10-04
3576:from the original on 2023-08-30
3543:from the original on 2022-08-07
3391:Bruce Johnston (15 June 2001).
3331:from the original on 2023-08-30
3293:from the original on 2018-12-24
3096:from the original on 2021-03-05
2901:from the original on 2023-08-30
2783:. p. i. 34. Archived from
2761:from the original on 2022-01-07
2380:from the original on 2023-08-30
2178:from the original on 2023-08-30
2154:Schiffman, Lawrence H. (2003).
2128:to 68 CE, a total of 420 years.
2120:Classical Jewish records (e.g.
1889:from the Second Temple period.
931:Missing years (Jewish calendar)
637:In 70 CE, at the height of the
460:Temple Mount entry restrictions
86:
5381:Ancient Jewish Persian history
3874:Second Temple and Talmudic Era
3248:The Historical Figure of Jesus
3090:"Israel Antiquities Authority"
3014:The Historical Figure of Jesus
2962:and Kathleen Ritmeyer (1998).
2815:Kaufmann, Kohler (1901â1906).
1881:More recent findings from the
1777:" closely resembling what the
1702:Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau
531:), and communal gathering for
393: 46 metres (151 ft)
1:
5351:6th-century BC establishments
5341:1st-century disestablishments
4729:Status quo of Holy Land sites
3710:"Herod's Temple quarry found"
3363:10.1017/chol9780521772488.009
1975:Replicas of the Jewish Temple
1863:Israeli Antiquities Authority
1630:, now erroneously called the
1052:Rededication by the Maccabees
935:Traditional Jewish chronology
568:Babylonian siege of Jerusalem
499:
478:×ÖľÖź×ת֞×Öˇ×ִ֟קְ×ָ֟׊×â ×֡׊־֟×× Ö´×
389:
358:
350:
66:(inspired by the writings of
5391:Classical sites in Jerusalem
4644:Temple Mount Sifting Project
3856:. Hoboken, New Jersey: KTAV.
3829:Resources in other libraries
3708:Gaffney, Sean (2007-09-24).
2640:10:3). Cf. Goldwurm, Hersh.
2042:Sar-Shalom, Rahamim (1984).
2028:(with endorsements by Rabbi
1893:Magdala stone interpretation
1883:Temple Mount Sifting Project
1845:is extremely controversial.
1308:Jesus and the Money Changers
586:, which is described in the
46:×ÖľÖź×ת֞×Öˇ×ִ֟קְ×Ö¸Öź×Š× ×֡׊־֟×× Ö´×
5204:Miracle of the cruse of oil
4670:Assassination of Abdullah I
4302:Holyland Model of Jerusalem
3845:Nickelsburg, George. 2005.
1839:
1710:
1681:Temple warning inscriptions
1381:
1186:Holyland Model of Jerusalem
1042:
1034:
945:
902:
886:
854:
799:. On his death, the "false
624:Holyland Model of Jerusalem
556:Persian conquest of Babylon
483:
72:Holyland Model of Jerusalem
5457:
5376:Hellenistic Jewish history
4692:2015â2016 wave of violence
4421:ProâWailing Wall Committee
4307:Schick models of Jerusalem
3859:Stone, Michael, ed. 1984.
3594:Thiessen, Matthew (2011).
2945:Between Rome and Jerusalem
2461:"Temple, the Second"
1990:Timeline of Jewish history
1908:
1720:
1706:Temple Warning inscription
1528:Jewish population rebelled
1490:Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
1487:
1449:
1432:Herodian city of Jerusalem
1375:
1072:of Syria defeated Pharaoh
1056:Following the conquest of
928:
791:, who allowed the Jews to
660:
570:around 587 BCE. After the
537:Three Pilgrimage Festivals
245:(modern municipal borders)
5132:
4762:
3824:Resources in your library
3498:10.1163/15700631-12340439
3202:Journal of Jewish Studies
3150:Strong's Concordance 4419
3036:HarperSanFrancisco. 1998.
2887:. pp. 19â20, 26â29.
2690:A Book of Jewish Concepts
2682:Birnbaum, Philip (1975).
2467:Easton's Bible Dictionary
1676:Archaeology of the Temple
1452:Pilgrimage § Judaism
951:, placed construction in
696:second book of Chronicles
477:
188:
55:
45:
41:
4547:Monastery of the Virgins
3311:Bunson, Matthew (1995).
3161:The Mountain of the Lord
3159:Mazar, Benjamin (1975).
3136:Grand Rapids, Michigan:
3046:Mazar, Benjamin (1979).
2840:Goldman, Ari L. (2000).
2245:Karesh, Sara E. (2006).
2101:), being the year 4,936
1970:List of megalithic sites
1877:Floor tiling from courts
1240:The old temple built by
1064:, it became part of the
1032:, the Temple lacked the
978:put his censer on it on
643:Roman siege of Jerusalem
494:) was the reconstructed
42:
4959:I Have a Little Dreidel
4954:(Eat Fattened Animals)"
4945:Odecha Ki Tovot Gamalta
4734:Hashemite custodianship
4639:Archaeological remnants
4393:Western Wall Commission
4057:Fountain of Qasim Pasha
3265:, HarperCollins, 2009.
3016:. Penguin, 1993. p. 249
2826:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2344:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2248:Encyclopedia of Judaism
1853:On September 25, 2007,
1514:visible center and the
1373:The Greek word used is
1070:Antiochus III the Great
70:) displayed within the
5250:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
5081:LatkeâHamantash Debate
4680:Al-Aqsa Mosque clashes
4172:Jerusalem Islamic Waqf
3838:Grabbe, Lester. 2008.
2823:; et al. (eds.).
2781:"The Wars of the Jews"
2456:Easton, Matthew George
1922:authority of scripture
1829:Underground structures
1819:
1805:(named after American
1740:
1693:
1658:) that lead to Lydda (
1523:
1503:
1371:
1333:
1274:
1197:
1189:
1175:
1085:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
899:(golden lamp) for the
730:
682:
677:
639:First JewishâRoman War
290:Geographic coordinates
4999:The Hanukkah Sessions
4411:Temple Mount Faithful
4001:Dome of the Ascension
3654:Mazar, Eilat (2002).
3204:72 (2021), pp. 23â44.
3134:Bromiley, Geoffrey W.
2722:The Babylonian Talmud
2507:2 Chronicles 36:22â23
2358:Zevit, Ziony (2008).
2162:KTAV Publishing House
2014:Hadad, David (2005).
1980:Temple of Peace, Rome
1955:Herodian architecture
1936:all developed in the
1920:. The origins of the
1911:Second Temple Judaism
1905:Second Temple Judaism
1725:ÎĄÎΤÎÎÎÎĄÎÎΤΥμΌÎÎΤÎÎĽÎÎÎ
1688:
1556:, which was built in
1520:Old City of Jerusalem
1509:
1497:
1331:
1294:Court of the Gentiles
1268:Herod's Temple, from
1267:
1195:
1183:
1161:Third Mithridatic War
1129:high priest of Judaea
925:Rabbinical literature
760:On the invitation of
737:with the core of the
728:
670:
582:issued the so-called
572:Neo-Babylonian Empire
523:Second Temple Judaism
484:BÄᚯ hamMÄŤqdÄĹĄ haĹĄĹ ÄnÄŤ
312:31.77806°N 35.23528°E
248:Show map of Jerusalem
216:Show map of Jerusalem
212:Old City of Jerusalem
126:High Priest of Israel
5361:70 disestablishments
4406:The Temple Institute
4178:Al-Aqsa is in danger
4062:Fountain of Qayt Bay
3898:: Temple, The Second
3216:Impostures mystiques
3163:, Doubleday. p. 149.
2737:Encyclopedia Judaica
2638:Hil. Shmita ve-yovel
2339:"Temple, The Second"
1610:. At the end of the
1502:). Looking southwest
1430:in 1969â1980 in the
1388:Strong's Concordance
1347:temptation of Christ
1345:The accounts of the
1236:Extent and financing
1188:; east at the bottom
1087:ordered an altar to
1028:). According to the
663:Second Temple period
515:Second Temple period
273:Location within the
210:Location within the
5286:Campaigns of 163 BC
5199:The War of the Jews
5186:Historical accounts
5167:Temple in Jerusalem
4947:(I will Thank You)"
4506:Hall of Hewn Stones
4416:Platoon of the Wall
4372:Western Wall Tunnel
4332:Little Western Wall
4228:Ark of the Covenant
4031:Dome of the Spirits
4021:Dome of the Prophet
3985:Marwani Prayer Hall
3896:Jewish Encyclopedia
3888:Jewish Encyclopedia
3570:The Times of Israel
3492:(4/5). Brill: 562.
3222:] (in French).
1985:Temple in Jerusalem
1918:Abrahamic religions
1771:ancient inscription
1765:Place of trumpeting
1721:ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎŁÎ Î
1074:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
1062:Alexander the Great
941:rabbinic literature
834:Ark of the Covenant
787:Seven years later,
578:, the Persian king
574:was annexed by the
521:and was central to
496:Temple in Jerusalem
405:Jerusalem limestone
308: /
18:Herod's temple
5193:Books of Maccabees
5059:A Rugrats Chanukah
5025:Full-Court Miracle
5018:Eight Crazy Nights
4993:Puppy for Hanukkah
4754:Navel of the World
4739:Entry restrictions
4426:Women for the Wall
4041:Dome of Yusuf Agha
4016:Dome of al-Khalili
3879:2021-02-24 at the
3775:The New York Times
3456:2023-08-30 at the
3263:Jesus, Interrupted
3196:2023-08-30 at the
3054:. 46/47: 381â387.
2978:Flavius Josephus:
2647:2023-08-30 at the
2164:. pp. 48â49.
1723:ÎĄÎÎĽÎÎŁÎÎÎÎÎΤÎΣΤÎÎĽÎ Î
1694:
1666:Jewish eschatology
1644:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1599:established a new
1524:
1504:
1349:in the gospels of
1334:
1275:
1198:
1190:
1131:. Her younger son
731:
716:2 Chronicles 36:22
683:
657:Biblical narrative
611:, the penultimate
607:, the grandson of
566:as a whole by the
317:31.77806; 35.23528
279:Show map of Israel
5406:Destroyed temples
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5177:Hasmonean Kingdom
5130:
5129:
5117:Mensch on a Bench
5032:The Hebrew Hammer
4973:The Chanukah Song
4851:Dreidel (Sevivon)
4780:
4779:
4625:
4624:
4567:Solomon's Stables
4477:
4476:
4431:Women of the Wall
4202:
4201:
4149:Cotton Merchants'
4122:Walls and entries
4006:Dome of the Chain
3890:: Temple of Herod
3805:Library resources
3665:978-965-90299-1-4
3626:The Israel Museum
3372:978-0-521-77248-8
3324:978-0-19-510233-8
3283:"Hebrew Calendar"
3271:978-0-06-117393-6
3233:978-2-204-15520-5
2924:978-90-04-12255-0
2894:978-0-567-55248-8
2857:978-0-684-82389-8
2703:978-0-88482-876-1
2657:978-0-89906-454-3
2612:Babylonian Talmud
2590:Seder Olam Rabbah
2554:978-0-567-08998-4
2541:Grabbe, Lester L.
2409:978-0-520-20676-2
2373:978-0-8147-3187-1
2305:978-0-06-130102-5
2288:Albright, William
2258:978-1-78785-171-9
2251:. Facts On File.
2223:978-3-11-174100-0
2171:978-0-88125-813-4
2016:Sefer MaĘťaĹe avot
1835:Solomon's Stables
1729:ÎŚÎÎÎÎμΤΊÎÎÎΤÎÎÎŁÎÎŁ
1612:Bar Kokhba revolt
1105:Hasmonean Kingdom
1078:Battle of Paneion
1066:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1030:Babylonian Talmud
966:According to the
947:Seder Olam Rabbah
887:Kodesh Hakodashim
698:and the books of
691:Achaemenid Empire
685:The accession of
576:Achaemenid Empire
498:, in use between
465:
464:
339:; refurbished by
177:Achaemenid Empire
16:(Redirected from
5448:
5421:Maccabean Revolt
5401:Darius the Great
5152:
5138:
4986:Light One Candle
4846:Hanukkah menorah
4836:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4784:
4770:
4769:
4532:Antonia Fortress
4522:Foundation Stone
4486:
4482:Other components
4397:Advocacy groups
4388:Kotel compromise
4223:Solomon's Temple
4211:
4189:Al-Aqsa massacre
4076:Other structures
4026:Dome of the Rock
4011:Dome of al-Khidr
3970:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3923:
3912:: Temple Culture
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3564:Zion, Ilan Ben.
3561:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3481:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3279:
3273:
3257:
3251:
3250:. Penguin, 1993.
3244:
3238:
3237:
3224:Ăditions du Cerf
3211:
3205:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3132:. Translated by
3122:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3043:
3037:
3023:
3017:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2967:
2957:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2875:Lester L. Grabbe
2871:
2862:
2861:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2718:Epstein, Isidore
2714:
2708:
2707:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2604:Jerusalem Talmud
2587:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2452:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2297:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2207:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2151:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2081:Shmitta ve-yovel
2069:
2063:
2055:
2027:
2006:
1940:of this period.
1844:
1824:
1797:is not only the
1735:
1734:
1731:ΤÎÎÎÎÎΤÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎĽ
1727:Î ÎÎĄÎÎÎÎÎÎĽÎÎŁÎÎÎÎÎ
1713:
1657:
1628:Tower of Phasael
1608:Aelia Capitolina
1589:Dome of the Rock
1512:Dome of the Rock
1425:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1250:sanctuary shekel
1210:Dead Sea Scrolls
1121:Salome Alexandra
1101:Maccabean Revolt
1047:
1039:
972:Foundation Stone
950:
915:altar of incense
907:
889:
868:but restored by
859:
850:Urim and Thummim
838:Tablets of Stone
680:
651:Rabbinic Judaism
564:Kingdom of Judah
560:Solomon's Temple
504:
501:
493:
490:
486:
481:
479:
449:Dome of the Rock
445:Present-day site
411:Excavation dates
394:
391:
363:
360:
355:
352:
323:
322:
320:
319:
318:
313:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
280:
268:
267:
261:
249:
241:Location within
236:
235:
229:
217:
205:
204:
198:
60:
50:
49:
47:
32:
21:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5416:Herod the Great
5396:Cyrus the Great
5316:
5315:
5314:
5305:
5254:
5208:
5181:
5162:Seleucid Empire
5146:
5139:
5126:
5085:
5064:
5037:
5003:
4952:Ichlu Mashmanim
4940:(These lights)"
4938:Haneirot Halalu
4933:(Rock of Ages)"
4916:
4887:Fritas de prasa
4865:
4825:
4823:
4811:
4781:
4776:
4758:
4717:
4653:
4621:
4576:
4557:Ptolemaic Baris
4542:Hasmonean Baris
4510:
4473:
4464:Robinson's Arch
4459:Boaz and Jachin
4437:
4376:
4347:Mughrabi Bridge
4318:
4275:Temple treasury
4265:Solomon's Porch
4207:Jewish elements
4198:
4160:
4117:
4071:
4045:
3989:
3959:
3950:
3881:Wayback Machine
3870:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3799:Further reading
3796:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3723:
3721:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3579:
3577:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3544:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3518:Midrash Rabba (
3517:
3513:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3464:
3458:Wayback Machine
3443:
3439:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3325:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3296:
3294:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3260:Ehrman, Bart D.
3258:
3254:
3246:Sanders, E. P.
3245:
3241:
3234:
3220:Mystical Frauds
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:Wayback Machine
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3138:Wm. B. Eerdmans
3128:, ed. (1976) .
3126:Kittel, Gerhard
3124:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3060:10.2307/3622363
3045:
3044:
3040:
3026:Funk, Robert W.
3024:
3020:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2970:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2821:Singer, Isidore
2814:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2755:www.sefaria.org
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2662:
2649:Wayback Machine
2588:
2584:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2454:
2453:
2428:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2335:Singer, Isidore
2333:
2328:
2326:
2313:
2306:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2259:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2224:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2172:
2153:
2152:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2119:
2115:
2071:
2056:
2041:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1960:Jerusalem stone
1946:
1913:
1907:
1895:
1879:
1851:
1831:
1807:Edward Robinson
1803:Robinson's Arch
1787:
1767:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1683:
1678:
1492:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1419:
1417:Joachim Bouflet
1414:
1401:
1343:
1296:
1280:
1262:
1238:
1219:
1208:as part of the
1178:
1117:
1054:
937:
927:
913:and the golden
909:, the Table of
870:Cyrus the Great
836:containing the
789:Cyrus the Great
743:Hellenistic era
687:Cyrus the Great
678:La Sainte Bible
665:
659:
620:Herod the Great
580:Cyrus the Great
519:Jewish identity
513:. Defining the
507:Herod the Great
502:
491:
392:
361:
357:
353:
341:Herod the Great
316:
314:
310:
307:
302:
299:
297:
295:
294:
284:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
275:State of Israel
271:
270:
269:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
239:
238:
237:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
206:
180:
164:
78:
51:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5291:Beth Zechariah
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5266:Ma'aleh Levona
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Hanukkah Harry
5109:
5104:
5099:
5097:Thanksgivukkah
5093:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5055:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4861:Public menorah
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Templum Domini
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4616:Beautiful Gate
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4572:Struthion Pool
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4552:Pool of Raranj
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Temple menorah
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Holy of Holies
4252:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4085:
4083:Islamic Museum
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4067:An-NÄranj Pool
4064:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3980:Al-Aqsa Mosque
3976:
3974:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3869:
3868:External links
3866:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3760:
3730:
3700:
3671:
3664:
3643:
3613:
3606:
3586:
3553:
3524:
3511:
3476:
3471:The Jewish War
3462:
3447:The Jewish War
3437:
3408:
3383:
3371:
3341:
3323:
3303:
3274:
3252:
3239:
3232:
3206:
3174:
3165:
3152:
3143:
3140:. p. 236.
3117:
3106:
3081:
3038:
3018:
3011:Sanders, E. P.
3003:
2994:
2983:
2980:The Jewish War
2968:
2949:
2936:
2927:
2911:
2893:
2863:
2856:
2832:
2797:
2771:
2742:
2727:
2709:
2702:
2674:
2660:
2582:
2571:
2560:
2553:
2532:
2521:
2510:
2499:
2496:Zechariah 4:10
2484:
2473:
2426:
2415:
2408:
2390:
2372:
2350:
2311:
2304:
2276:
2257:
2237:
2222:
2202:
2188:
2170:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2113:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1909:Main article:
1906:
1903:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1875:
1850:
1847:
1830:
1827:
1786:
1783:
1766:
1763:
1717:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:in Jerusalem.
1632:Tower of David
1620:Roman religion
1593:al-Aqsa Mosque
1566:temple menorah
1526:In 66 CE, the
1516:al-Aqsa Mosque
1488:Main article:
1485:
1482:
1447:
1444:
1413:
1410:
1400:
1397:
1342:
1339:
1295:
1292:
1279:
1276:
1261:
1258:
1237:
1234:
1218:
1215:
1177:
1176:Herod's Temple
1174:
1170:Holy of Holies
1143:, king of the
1133:Aristobulus II
1116:
1113:
1053:
1050:
1044:Ruach HaKodesh
1012:guilt offering
1004:meal offerings
990:including the
988:Temple service
926:
923:
917:, with golden
881:Holy of Holies
825:Book of Haggai
750:Yehud Province
675:from the 1866
661:Main article:
658:
655:
647:Jewish history
596:Yehud Medinata
592:return to Zion
584:Edict of Cyrus
511:Herod's Temple
503: 516 BCE
463:
462:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:
427:Benjamin Mazar
423:Charles Warren
420:
419:Archaeologists
416:
415:
412:
408:
407:
402:
396:
395:
387:
383:
382:
381:Specifications
378:
377:
370:
366:
365:
354: 516 BCE
348:
344:
343:
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
292:
286:
285:
272:
263:
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209:
200:
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192:
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190:
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185:
174:
170:
169:
161:Yehud Medinata
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
104:Land of Israel
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
80:
79:
64:Herod's Temple
61:
53:
52:
39:
38:
37:Herod's Temple
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5453:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:EzraâNehemiah
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:Second Temple
5324:
5323:
5321:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:Hanukkah bush
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5079:
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4352:Placing notes
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4287:Temple denial
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4240:Second Temple
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4036:Dome of Yusuf
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3030:Jesus Seminar
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2885:A&C Black
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2853:
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2812:
2811:public domain
2801:
2798:
2787:on 2012-06-29
2786:
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2633:Mishneh Torah
2629:
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2518:Ezra 5:6â6:15
2514:
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2195:
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2017:
2011:
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1899:Magdala stone
1892:
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1859:archaeologist
1856:
1848:
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1822:
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1815:Southern wall
1812:
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1801:. Currently,
1800:
1796:
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1704:as being the
1703:
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1636:Midrash Rabba
1633:
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1598:
1594:
1590:
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1562:Roman triumph
1559:
1555:
1554:Arch of Titus
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:Roman legions
1533:
1529:
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1517:
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1508:
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1500:David Roberts
1496:
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1479:
1475:
1472:currency for
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
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1437:
1436:city of David
1433:
1429:
1428:Nahman Avigad
1423:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1393:Kidron Valley
1390:
1389:
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1370:
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1365:Then he [
1362:
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1206:Temple Scroll
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652:
648:
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635:
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629:
628:Israel Museum
625:
621:
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614:
613:king of Judah
610:
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497:
485:
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470:
469:Second Temple
461:
458:Limited; see
457:
455:Public access
453:
450:
447:
443:
440:
439:Yaakov Billig
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
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77:
76:Israel Museum
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
40:
35:Second Temple
33:
30:
19:
5030:
5023:
5016:
4712:2023 clashes
4708:2022 clashes
4688:2009 clashes
4600:Huldah Gates
4496:Eastern Wall
4324:Western Wall
4314:Third Temple
4239:
4176:
3973:Prayer halls
3953:Temple Mount
3909:
3895:
3887:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3819:Online books
3809:
3784:. Retrieved
3773:
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3742:
3733:
3722:. Retrieved
3713:
3703:
3692:. Retrieved
3683:
3674:
3655:
3634:. Retrieved
3616:
3596:
3589:
3578:. Retrieved
3569:
3545:. Retrieved
3536:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3470:
3465:
3445:
3440:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3398:
3386:
3376:, retrieved
3354:
3344:
3333:. Retrieved
3313:
3306:
3295:. Retrieved
3287:www.cgsf.org
3286:
3277:
3255:
3247:
3242:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3146:
3129:
3120:
3109:
3098:. Retrieved
3084:
3051:
3041:
3033:
3021:
3013:
3006:
2997:
2991:Exodus 30:13
2986:
2979:
2963:
2944:
2943:Mahieu, B.,
2939:
2930:
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2879:
2842:
2835:
2824:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2774:
2763:. Retrieved
2754:
2751:"Yoma 21b:7"
2745:
2736:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2689:
2677:
2667:
2663:
2637:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2597:
2592:chapter 30;
2585:
2574:
2563:
2544:
2535:
2524:
2513:
2502:
2487:
2476:
2465:
2418:
2399:
2393:
2382:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2342:
2293:
2270:
2247:
2240:
2212:
2205:
2199:Ezra 6:15,16
2180:. Retrieved
2160:. New York:
2156:
2116:
2095:Seleucid era
2092:
2080:
2076:
2043:
2038:Yona Metzger
2036:, and Rabbi
2030:Ovadia Yosef
2015:
2009:
2004:
1914:
1896:
1887:floor tiling
1880:
1867:Temple Mount
1855:Yuval Baruch
1852:
1832:
1799:Western Wall
1795:Temple Mount
1788:
1768:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1718:
1695:
1689:
1670:Third Temple
1664:
1639:
1627:
1624:
1616:Roman temple
1602:
1586:
1551:
1525:
1478:Tyrian money
1455:
1415:
1402:
1399:Inner courts
1386:
1372:
1364:
1344:
1335:
1315:Huldah Gates
1312:
1297:
1281:
1270:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1220:
1199:
1118:
1083:In 167 BCE,
1082:
1055:
1008:sin offering
965:
939:Traditional
938:
900:
884:
874:
830:
822:
786:
770:
759:
747:
739:Book of Ezra
732:
684:
673:Gustave DorĂŠ
636:
632:Temple Mount
617:
588:Hebrew Bible
553:
526:
510:
468:
466:
386:Height (max)
362: 18 CE
328:Architecture
182:Roman Empire
147:Municipality
141:Temple Mount
29:
5122:Chrismukkah
4966:Oh Chanukah
4704:2021 crisis
4696:2017 crisis
4631:Excavations
4605:Lions' Gate
4595:Golden Gate
4515:Antiquities
4144:Inspector's
3520:Eikha Rabba
3426:: 195â226.
2624:Baba Bathra
2568:Ezra 1:7â11
2034:Shlomo Amar
1871:Ehud Netzer
1791:Lions' Gate
1775:seventh day
1733:ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎΤÎÎ
1656:פ××× ×ער×××
1640:Eikha Rabba
1484:Destruction
1446:Pilgrimages
1420: [
1288:the largest
1248:Later, the
1125:Hyrcanus II
1097:circumcised
996:the priests
976:High Priest
866:Babylonians
846:Aaron's rod
435:Eli Shukron
431:Ronny Reich
374:Roman siege
315: /
89:Affiliation
5320:Categories
5271:Beth Horon
5220:Mattathias
5145:Maccabean
5069:Activities
4931:Ma'oz Tzur
4907:Sufganiyah
4831:Traditions
4684:1990 riots
4675:1969 arson
4590:Al-Mawazin
4562:Royal Stoa
4454:Mercy seat
4292:Tisha B'Av
4260:Molten Sea
4233:Tabernacle
4134:Al-Mawazin
4111:Khatuniyya
4106:Uthmaniyya
4101:Tankiziyya
4096:Ashrafiyya
3786:9 December
3753:13 October
3724:2013-08-31
3694:2020-07-25
3580:2022-10-16
3547:2022-07-24
3469:Josephus (
3444:Josephus (
3378:2024-09-16
3335:2022-02-11
3297:2018-11-14
3183:inter alia
3100:2017-01-09
2905:2015-04-03
2817:"Ḥanukkah"
2791:2019-01-26
2765:2019-08-05
2685:"Kodashim"
2628:Maimonides
2579:Ezra 6:3â4
2529:Haggai 2:9
2492:Haggai 2:3
2384:2022-10-17
2267:1162305378
2182:2019-08-19
2136:References
2122:Maimonides
2103:anno mundi
2073:Maimonides
1811:colonnades
1578:priesthood
1572:, Emperor
1532:Tisha B'Av
1450:See also:
1321:, a large
1319:Royal Stoa
1313:Above the
1283:Mt. Moriah
1254:temple tax
1242:Zerubbabel
1141:Aretas III
992:sacrifices
980:Yom Kippur
929:See also:
893:Tabernacle
773:Samaritans
762:Zerubbabel
605:Zerubbabel
364:(Herodian)
356:(original)
337:Zerubbabel
300:31°46â˛41âłN
122:Leadership
5195:(1 and 2)
5172:Maccabees
4877:Biscochos
4658:Conflicts
4449:Shekhinah
4337:Dung Gate
4250:Sanctuary
4184:Murabitat
4092:Madrasas
4050:Fountains
3910:Frontline
3399:Telegraph
3068:0065-6798
2618:11bâ12a;
2423:Ezra 2:65
2232:840438627
2089:122758200
2083:10:2â4).
2060:cite book
2052:854906532
1930:synagogue
1928:, of the
1924:, of the
1861:with the
1648:Vespasian
1582:Sadducees
1574:Vespasian
1570:Colosseum
1464:standard
1382:pterugion
1376:ĎĎÎľĎĎγΚον
1359:pinnacles
1157:Armenians
1145:Nabateans
1137:Antipater
1036:Shekhinah
1000:Tractates
911:Showbread
814:Zechariah
754:Euphrates
400:Materials
369:Destroyed
347:Completed
303:35°14â˛7âłE
243:Jerusalem
151:Jerusalem
62:Model of
5281:Beth Zur
5245:Jonathan
5076:Festigal
4912:BuĂąuelos
4820:×Ö˛× Öť×Ö¸Öź×
4817:Hanukkah
4772:Category
4722:See also
4297:Replicas
4165:See also
4129:Minarets
3877:Archived
3780:Archived
3747:Archived
3718:Archived
3688:Archived
3630:Archived
3574:Archived
3541:Archived
3506:24667712
3454:Archived
3432:20189648
3403:Archived
3329:Archived
3291:Archived
3194:Archived
3114:Luke 4:9
3094:Archived
3028:and the
2899:Archived
2877:(2010).
2759:Archived
2645:Archived
2616:Megillah
2608:Megillah
2543:(2004).
2458:(1897).
2378:Archived
2290:(1963).
2272:Judaism.
2176:Archived
2075:(1974).
2032:, Rabbi
2024:74311775
1944:See also
1885:include
1769:Another
1580:and the
1341:Pinnacle
1323:basilica
1260:Elements
1165:besieged
1151:general
1109:Hanukkah
1093:Josephus
1023:tractate
1016:tractate
1010:and the
984:Kodashim
862:holy oil
797:Cambyses
782:Ecbatana
778:Ezra 4:5
735:combined
708:Ezra 1:1
704:Nehemiah
609:Jeconiah
600:Darius I
541:Passover
137:Location
132:Location
83:Religion
68:Josephus
5259:Battles
5240:Eleazar
4882:Syrniki
4839:Symbols
4088:Library
3965:Al-Aqsa
3957:Al-Aqsa
3743:Haaretz
3636:24 July
3076:3622363
2813::
2694:541â542
2620:Arakhin
2602:13:6);
2599:Zevahim
2594:Tosefta
2107:Jubilee
1938:Judaism
1932:and of
1821:mikvehs
1759:Idumean
1698:uncials
1606:called
1603:colonia
1597:Hadrian
1547:Tacitus
1462:profane
1406:Nicanor
1351:Matthew
1227:temenos
1202:Mishnah
1159:in the
1127:as the
1076:at the
970:, the "
968:Mishnah
953:356 BCE
919:censers
897:Menorah
860:), the
801:Smerdis
689:of the
626:in the
545:Shavuot
489:transl.
480:
372:70 CE (
333:Founder
179:(first)
173:Country
163:(first)
94:Judaism
74:at the
48:
5346:515 BC
5276:Emmaus
5213:People
5155:Events
5147:Revolt
5102:Hallel
4401:HaLiba
4381:Prayer
4215:Temple
3807:about
3662:
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3451:6.6.3.
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1781:says.
1779:Talmud
1652:Hebrew
1601:Roman
1538:under
1474:Jewish
1304:Tyrian
1300:bazaar
1153:Pompey
1019:Middot
955:(3824
904:Hekhal
877:cubits
856:Hoshen
848:, the
810:Haggai
805:Darius
793:return
766:darics
630:. The
549:Sukkot
547:, and
528:korban
473:Hebrew
184:(last)
168:(last)
166:Judaea
116:Yahweh
100:Region
5301:Elasa
5296:Adasa
5235:Judas
5230:Simon
5090:Other
5009:Films
4922:Music
4902:Sfenj
4892:Latke
4870:Foods
4582:Gates
4489:Walls
4442:Other
4245:Altar
4154:Chain
4139:Gates
3994:Domes
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3502:JSTOR
3428:JSTOR
3218:[
3072:JSTOR
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2626:4a),
2622:12b;
1996:Notes
1755:Herod
1711:soreg
1690:Soreg
1540:Titus
1470:Roman
1466:Greek
1458:Jaffa
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1412:Roofs
1367:Satan
1223:Herod
1149:Roman
1058:Judea
1026:Tamid
842:manna
157:State
111:Deity
5225:John
4856:Gelt
4665:1929
4527:Acra
3908:PBS
3788:2015
3755:2019
3660:ISBN
3638:2020
3602:ISBN
3367:ISBN
3319:ISBN
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3064:ISSN
2960:Leen
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2368:ISBN
2300:ISBN
2263:OCLC
2253:ISBN
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2218:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2085:OCLC
2066:link
2048:OCLC
2020:OCLC
1897:The
1841:Waqf
1558:Rome
1552:The
1476:and
1468:and
1440:dome
1355:Luke
1353:and
1089:Zeus
933:and
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818:Adar
812:and
771:The
702:and
700:Ezra
533:Jews
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