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contemporary with the Temple of Hera Akraia. It appears to have been destroyed in the 4th century BCE; it has been proposed that the L-shaped stoa took over its function. There appear to have been colonnades on the western and southern sides. There are remains of a house from the Roman period roughly at the center of the area.
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centre of the building. It may have been a house-temple or a dining room, as evidenced by spits for roasting meat found inside. Many diagrams and reconstructions of this structure show a door in the western side-wall; the gap in the stones, however, may have been created by a trial trench dug by an earlier excavator.
451:
metres (10 by 16 ft). About 10 metres (33 ft) to the northeast of the settling tank there was a diversion point in the water channel with one branch directed to the cistern and the other to the L-shaped stoa. The excavator dates the cistern to within the 6th–4th centuries BCE.
575:
in relation to the religion of Athens, the sanctuary of Hera at
Perachora is important for the study of rural cult in the Corinthia. The unusual plan of the 6th century BCE temple of Hera Akraia coupled with its location on the remains of a 9th century BCE apsidal structure are of
533:
descent is steep and the steps are not all well-preserved. There are cuttings for a parapet wall around the vertiginous upper openings of the cisterns to prevent falls. It has been proposed that the water was raised from the cisterns to the water channel by the use of large human-powered waterwheels.
532:
About 750 metres (2,460 ft) east-northeast of the sanctuary, there was a series of massive cisterns, reached by a rock-cut stairway extending about 50 metres (160 ft) down into the bedrock. The opening of the stairway is 64 metres (210 ft) northwest of the openings of the cisterns. The
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of this temple was divided into three aisles – a highly unusual design. There was a wall to divide the west end of the cella and a screen in front of the cult statue. Evidence for the reuse of some blocks may indicate that there was a prior phase of the structure in the 7th century BCE. The
326:
At the extreme southwest end of the sanctuary, there is a polygonal area of roughly 25 by 25 metres (82 by 82 ft) largely cut into the rock beside the cove. This structure has been variously termed the agora, or the west court. This structure may date to the 6th century BCE and thus be
507:
The "Temple of Hera
Limenaia" was named by the original excavator, Payne, on the basis of an apparent inscribed dedication to "Hera Limenaia." For some time, scholars supposed that two separate cult centers existed at Perachora. John Salmon, inter alia, has argued convincingly that Hera's cult title
450:
Around 35 metres (115 ft) east of the L-shaped stoa, there was a cistern of about 6 by 21 metres (20 by 69 ft) with each end rounded into an apsidal shape. Stone internal piers supported the vaults for the roof. On the eastern end of the structure there was a settling tank of about 3 by 5
379:
The Doric order triglyph and metope frieze may have only extended along the eastern face, as few of the elements of this survive. The metopes were about 15 centimetres (6 in) thick and slotted into the triglyph blocks rather than forming a single block with them, as is more typical. Roughly in
503:
Around 75 metres (246 ft) east of the cistern lie the remains of a structure that dates perhaps to the 6th century BCE. During excavation a bronze bull was discovered, inscribed with
Sikyonian letters and dating to the end of the 6th century BCE. There was a hearth at the
317:
The known structures of the sanctuary cover a rectangle approximately 45 metres (148 ft) north–south and 245 metres (804 ft) east–west. The sanctuary wrapped around a small cove and extended toward the east uphill along a ridge. The structures will be discussed in order from
433:
with an L-shaped plan, also thought to date to the late 4th century BCE. The eastern arm of the stoa was about 16.5 metres (54 ft) north to south and about 5.5 metres (18 ft) deep, while the northern arm of the stoa was about 17.5 metres (57 ft) east to west and about 5
486:
The "Sacred Pool" features prominently in an effort by
Tomlinson to reconstruct oracular practice at Perachora. He connected the phialai to divinatory practices and speculated that a ritual involving casting the phialai into the "Sacred Pool" would forecast good voyages for sailors stopping at
220:
and
Corinth, the sanctuary was probably under the control of Corinth, as it faced the harbors of that powerful city across the Corinthian gulf. Cult activity at the site continued from perhaps the 9th century BCE to 146 BCE, when the Roman general
558:
Water channels join the upper cisterns to the fountain house and the fountain house to the cistern of the sanctuary and the L-shaped stoa. At intervals there were settling basins along the water conduit, including one immediately above the fountain house.
549:
fountain house at
Corinth. This structure was later incorporated into a rural villa in the Roman period. This fountain house is thought to date to the same time as the L-shaped stoa, which is the ultimate destination of the water of the system.
580:
elements, this idea has not been generally accepted. The reference in Strabo to an oracle may fit with the idea that the children of Medea were buried at the site, and thus explain any chthonic elements to the cult as pertaining to a
420:
frieze dating from the early 4th century BCE. This altar measured about 2.5 by 4 metres (8.2 by 13.1 ft). In the late 4th century BCE Ionic columns were added to the corners, perhaps for a canopy.
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508:
at
Perachora was Akraia, while Limenaia was a secondary epithet. More recently, Blanche Menadier has compared the epithet Limenaia to the Homeric epithet Leukolenos, also attested epigraphically at Perachora.
362:
temple of about 10 by 30 metres (33 by 98 ft) was built a little to the west of the apsidal structure. The epithet Akraia refers to the position of the sanctuary at the point of the peninsula. The
479:
Around 30 metres (98 ft) east of the cistern, was a pool about 2 metres (7 ft) deep thought to perhaps have a sacred function within the cult. Significant numbers of mesomphalic phialai (
442:. This is the first known example of this combination. The stairs to the second floor are not preserved. A water channel extended to this structure from the hydraulic system east of the sanctuary.
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41:
Overview of the lower sanctuary looking west with the L-shaped stoa in foreground and the temple of Hera Akraia in the distance at right and the West Court in the distance at left.
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house, but the cuttings for the legs of the dining couches make the identification as a dining room secure. Tomlinson proposes before 490 BCE as the date for this structure.
396:
in the 5th century CE. Scorch mark remain visible on the stones of the temple around a circular area where the heat of the limekiln caused the breakdown of the underlying stones.
229:. In the Roman period, domestic structures were built on the site, indicating that the area was no longer a sanctuary. This site is significant for the study of the origins of
343:
The earliest structure at the site was an apsidal building of perhaps the late 9th century BCE, which is thought to resemble the house-temple models known from the
516:
Remains are known to extend for 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) eastward from the sanctuary to a lagoon. The best preserved of these constitute an extensive hydraulic system.
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peninsula. In addition to a temple of Hera of unusual construction and antiquity, the remains of a number of other structures have also been found, including an L-shaped
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Immediately south of the cistern was a double dining room, probably associated with the cult activity at the site. This structure was initially identified as a
576:
interest to the study of the development of the Greek temple as an architectural and cultic form. While it has been proposed that the cult of Hera Akraia had
1059:
794:
Morgan, Catherine (1994). "The evolution of sacral landscape: Isthmia, Perachora, and the early
Corinthian state". In Susan E. Alcock; Robin Osborne (eds.).
204:, a large cistern, dining rooms, and a second potential temple. The Sanctuary of Hera at Perachora is 14.2 kilometres (8.8 mi) north-northwest of
892:
Tomlinson, Richard A. (1986). "Water supplies and ritual at the
Heraion Perachora". In Hägg, Robin; Marinatos, Nanno; Nordquist, Gullög C. (eds.).
741:
Perachora II. The
Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: The pottery, ivories, scarabs, and other objects from the votive deposit of Hera Limenia
487:
Perachora after departing from Lechaion. Subsequent scholarship has not accepted this theory and Tomlinson views the pool as a simple reservoir.
52:
106:
894:
Early Greek cult practice. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens (26–29 June 1986)
384:
of about 4.5 metres (15 ft) in diameter that was used to reduce the marble of the temple (and of the sanctuary generally) into
545:-prostyle fountain house (having six columns in its facade). Behind the facade there were three rock-cut basins, similar to the
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624:
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buried her murdered children at a sanctuary of Hera Akraia as she fled from Corinth. This may be a reference to this site.
915:
Tomlinson, Richard A. (1990). "The chronology of the Perachora Hestiatorion and its significance". In Murray, Oswyn (ed.).
771:
Menadier, Blanche (2002). "The Sanctuary of Hera Akraia and its Religious Connections with Corinth". In Robin Hägg (ed.).
773:
Peloponnesian sanctuaries and cults: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens
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vessels) were found within this structure. This structure is now backfilled and its exact location unknown.
222:
271:, when laws against non-Christian religions and their sanctuaries were enacted by the Christian emperors.
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About 15 metres (49 ft) east of the Temple of Hera Akraia, there was a stone altar decorated with a
853:
Sinn, Ulrich. (1990). "Das Heraion von Perachora: Eine sakrale Schutzzone in der korinthischen Peraia".
408:
The triglyph and metope altar from the south; beyond the altar is the western end of the L-shaped stoa.
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Perachora I. The sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: The architecture, bronzes and terracottas
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The western end of the 6th century BCE Temple of Hera Akraia showing the three aisles.
347:. On that analogy, it would have had a high-peaked roof, covered perhaps in thatch. There were
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879:
Tomlinson, R. A; Demakopoulou, K. (1985). "Excavations at the circular building, Perachora".
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roof of this temple was of marble. No evidence has yet been found of pedimental sculptures.
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If the temple was still in use by the 4th-century, it would have been closed during the
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213:
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Will, E. (1953). "Sur la nature de la mantique pratiquée à l'Héraion de Pérachora".
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View south over the water channel, the double-apsidal cistern, and the dining rooms.
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wrote in the 1st century CE that there was an oracle associated with the sanctuary.
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A triglyph of the Temple of Hera Akraia showing the slots for inserting the metope.
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metres (16 ft) deep. The lower level employed an external colonnade of the
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About 540 metres (1,770 ft) east-northeast of the sanctuary, there was a
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Coulton reconstructs the stoa at a height of about 9.5 metres (31 ft).
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stripping the clothes off of the Corinthian women at a sanctuary of Hera.
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Plommer H.; Salviat F. (1966). "The altar of Hera Akraia at Perachora".
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The sixth century BC temple and sanctuary of Hera Akraia, Perachora
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Tomlinson, Richard A. (1992). "Perachora". In Schachter, Albert (ed.).
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Dunbabin, T. J. (1951). "The oracle of Hera Akraia at Perachora".
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Placing the gods: Sanctuaries and sacred space in ancient Greece
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Coulton, J. J. (1964). "The stoa by the harbour at Perachora".
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Tomlinson, R. A. (1977). "The upper terraces at Perachora".
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Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Peloponnese (region)
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A Doric column drum from the L-shaped stoa resting on the
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Le sanctuaire grec: huit exposés suivis de discussions
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Coulton, J. J. (1967). "The west court at Perachora".
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The lime kiln in the 6th century BCE temple
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the center of the southern side of the temple was a
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The stairway down into the upper rock-cut cisterns.
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1070:6th-century BC religious buildings and structures
429:Immediately east of the altar was a two-storied
354:In the 6th century BCE, a Doric order
269:persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
8:
630:The double-apsidal cistern of the sanctuary.
589:Images of the sanctuary of Hera at Perachora
499:The temple (?) of Hera Limenaia, looking SE.
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331:Apsidal structure and temple of Hera Akraia
208:and 75.9 kilometres (47.2 mi) west of
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567:As is the case for the rural sanctuary of
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917:Sympotica: A symposium on the symposion
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225:sacked Corinth during the war with the
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942:. Genève-Vandœuvres. pp. 321–351.
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1050:Buildings and structures in Corinthia
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766:(Thesis). University of Cincinnati.
212:. Although there is debate between
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192:situated in a small cove of the
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283:Map of the archaeological site.
241:There is a legend recounted in
896:. Stockholm. pp. 167–171.
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798:. New York. pp. 105–142.
512:Remains outside the sanctuary
351:sherds under this structure.
775:. Stockholm. pp. 85–91.
388:for the construction of the
305:11. Temple of Hera Limanaia
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919:. Oxford. pp. 95–101.
762:Menadier, Blanche (1995).
660:Euripides, Medea 1378–1383
400:Triglyph and metope altar
231:Greek temple architecture
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739:Dunbabin, T. J. (1962).
563:Significance of the site
291:4. Temple of Hera Akraia
491:Temple of Hera Limenaia
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237:Mythology and history
122:38.02806°N 22.85250°E
1036:at Wikimedia Commons
1034:Heraion of Perachora
313:15. Modern footpath
289:3. Apsidal structure
260:The Greek historian
178:Heraion of Perachora
79:Limni Vouliagmenis,
20:Heraion of Perachora
16:Ancient Greek temple
253:tells the story of
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67:Shown within Greece
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817:Payne, H. (1940).
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394:Isthmus of Corinth
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297:7. Apsidal cistern
196:at the end of the
127:38.02806; 22.85250
1032:Media related to
1012:Life of Kleomenes
520:Rock-cut cisterns
311:14. Modern chapel
301:9. Water channels
233:and rural cults.
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987:Euripides,
475:Sacred pool
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440:Ionic order
436:Doric order
392:across the
275:Archaeology
159:Hellenistic
125: /
101:Coordinates
1044:Categories
1010:Plutarch,
997:Xenophon,
887:: 261–279.
874:: 197–202.
848:: 207–215.
721:: 353–371.
708:: 100–131.
695:References
356:tetrastyle
322:West court
113:22°51′09″E
110:38°01′41″N
28:(in Greek)
999:Hellenica
991:1378–1383
948:cite book
925:cite book
902:cite book
861:: 53–116.
827:cite book
821:. Oxford.
804:cite book
781:cite book
749:cite book
743:. Oxford.
687:Menadier
616:stylobate
543:hexastyle
307:12. Walls
255:Periander
251:Herodotus
243:Euripides
198:Perachora
141:Sanctuary
95:Corinthia
81:Corinthia
734:: 61–71.
636:See also
578:chthonic
554:Aqueduct
481:libation
414:triglyph
382:limekiln
360:prostyle
293:5. Altar
76:Location
1014:III.814
855:Mdai(A)
573:Brauron
569:Artemis
223:Mummius
206:Corinth
169:Corinth
151:Periods
146:History
967:CXLIII
583:heroon
547:Pirene
418:metope
262:Strabo
218:Megara
210:Athens
91:Region
85:Greece
989:Medea
872:LXXII
648:Notes
365:cella
247:Medea
245:that
214:Argos
182:Greek
1001:IV.5
954:link
931:link
908:link
885:LXXX
881:ABSA
868:ABSA
842:ABSA
833:link
810:link
787:link
755:link
732:XLVI
728:ABSA
719:LXII
715:ABSA
702:ABSA
669:5.92
431:stoa
416:and
386:lime
202:stoa
190:Hera
176:The
138:Type
971:doi
963:RHR
846:LXI
706:LIX
571:at
157:to
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965:.
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927:}}
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900:{{
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870:.
859:CV
857:.
844:.
829:}}
825:{{
806:}}
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751:}}
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717:.
704:.
585:.
216:,
184::
83:,
977:.
973::
956:)
933:)
910:)
835:)
812:)
789:)
757:)
358:-
180:(
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