462:
641:. Although the Norton firm was not concerned about plagiarism, it feared errors in a book that was supposed to be an expert reference guide. It hired L'Obel as an internationally recognised expert on plants, who as Gerard's friend had unwittingly contributed to his book, to proof the translations, fix the mismatched illustrations and right the textual wrongs. When Gerard discovered L'Obel's thankless efforts, he had him dismissed. Although Gerard was an experienced collector and plantsman, he lacked L'Obel's scholarship, as is clear in his dedication to Burghley, where he presents himself as a gardener. Gerard dismissed L'Obel's criticisms as being due to unfamiliarity with English idioms.
337:, writing "to signe for ye University of Cambridge for planting of gardens". Amongst his qualifications he wrote "by reason of his travaile into farre countries his great practise and long experience". There is no evidence for the travel claim and nothing seems to have come of his application. By 1595, when he was appointed to the Court of Assistants, he had built up a reputation as a skilled herbalist and spent much time commuting from the Court to the garden he founded close to his cottage in Holborn, and also attending to his duties for Burghley. In 1596 he requested that the Barber–Surgeons' Company establish a physic garden ("Mr. Gerrard's garden") in
298:(board of directors) on 19 June 1595, despite being accused of defaming the wife of a colleague in 1578. He was made an examiner of candidates for admission to the freedom of the company on 15 January 1598 and Junior Warden in August 1597, under the mastership of George Baker. Following a further dispute with a senior warden, he relinquished his positions of "second warden and upper governor" on 26 September 1605, but this was resolved and on 17 August 1607 he was elected Master of the company. In the Annals of the company, published in 1890, a biography of Gerard appears under a list of "Eminent Members".
448:
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550:, who had meanwhile died. Although Gerard acknowledges Priest's role, he implies that he died before starting the work. As curator of the College garden, he would have been familiar with Priest and his work. The completed book appears to include much of Priest's work, with his own completion of the text in the form of annotations from his own garden, and for the first time, some North American plants. An example is the first English description of the potato, which he mistakenly believed came from
233:(Company of Barbers and Surgeons) in London. Mason had a large surgical practice and had twice held the rank of Warden in the company, and later became Master. Gerard did well there, and was admitted to freedom of the company on 9 December 1569 and permitted to open his own practice. Although he claimed to have learned much about plants from travelling to other parts of the world (see for instance a letter to
51:
819:, who commented that despite the fact that the book was the standard botany text in the 17th century, it was by an ignorant man whose lack of foreign languages meant he could not have translated the work. Because it was a practical and useful book, packed with helpful drawings of plants, and because Gerard had a fluid and lively writing manner, his
617:(see illustration). Nevertheless, the work, including over 1,000 plants in 167 chapters remained popular, providing in English information about the names, habits and uses ("vertues") of many plants known and rare. It was seen as the best and most exhaustive work of its kind and a standard reference for some time.
305:, London, which he refers to frequently in his work, and later published a catalogue of the flowers there. This became popular and he received gifts of seeds and plants from around the world. He also received offers to supervise the gardens of noblemen. In 1577, he began work as superintendent at the gardens of
794:
and botanist, commissioned by the heirs to the estate of John Gerard. Johnson's edition contained many corrections and new empirical observations. He added over 800 new species and 700 figures. Through anecdotal comments, Johnson carefully distanced himself from the original. For example, he wrote of
814:
Gerard may be seen as one of the founders of botany in the
English language, despite being ill-educated was more interested as a herbalist and barber-surgeon in the medicinal properties of plants than in botanical theory. His botanical shortcomings were ascribed by critics in his own time, including
897:
advocated inductive thinking based on observation or description (empiricism) as the way to understand and report on the natural world, the early
Renaissance printed herbals were slightly modified adaptations of works by their medieval predecessors. These somewhat unscientific early scientists
892:
The art of describing the natural world by direct observation divides
Renaissance natural historians from their medieval predecessors, who were largely uncritical adherents of ancient texts. The earliest printed works in Renaissance natural history fell into two categories: 1. newly recovered,
400:(also known as Lobelius). Many of these had fine gardens and would exchange plants. Garth, who described Gerard as "a worshipful gentleman and one that greatly delighteth in strange plants" had South American contacts from where he would import rarities. He also exchanged plants with
823:
was popular with ordinary literate people in 17th-century
England. Although scholars at the time recognised that it was a pirated work with many limitations, there is evidence of the book remaining in practical use as a medicinal herbal even in the early 19th century.
510:
as "all manner of strange trees, herbes, rootes, plants, floures and other such rare things, that it would make a man wonder, how one of his degree, not having the purse of a number, could ever accomplish the same". A revised edition in 1599 by John Norton, the
2194:
Botanographic Regii eximii
Stirpium illustrationes: plurimas elaborantes inauditas plantas, subreptitiis Joh: Parkinsoni rapsodiis (ex codice MS insalutato) sparsim gravatae. Ejusdem adjecta sunt ad calcem Theatri botanici Auaptnuala, Accurante Guil: How,
494:. The Yucca failed to bloom in his lifetime, but a pip taken from the plant later bloomed for a contemporary. To this day Yucca bears the name Gerard gave it. The list was the first catalogue of this type ever produced. The only known copy is in the
993:
The Lime Street
Naturalists were a group of naturalists, including plant enthusiasts and apothecaries, living in the vicinity of Lime Street, who exchanged correspondence amongst themselves and between themselves and like-minded naturalists across
577:, which meant to publish the same; but being prevented by death, his translation likewise perished: lastly, my selfe one of the least among many, have presumed to set foorth unto the view of the world, the first fruits of these mine own labours"
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644:
Norton decided to proceed with publication despite these difficulties. He decided against using
Dodoens' original illustrations since this would have revealed the actual source of the material, but instead rented
671:
A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596–1599/edited with notes, references to Gerard's
Herball, the addition of modern names, and a life of the author, by Benjamin Daydon
404:
and cultivated a certain "Captain
Nicholas Cleet of the Turky Company" from whom he obtained specimens from the Middle East. He would also visit other collectors and nurserymen such as Richard Pointer of
237:
in 1588), his actual travels appear to have been limited. For example, at some time in his later youth, he is said to have made one trip abroad, possibly as both a ship's surgeon and captain's lover on a
1976:
2421:
803:'s original herbal, the basis of Gerard's work. These were shipped from Antwerp to London. Johnson's revisions are the best-known versions, which most later authors refer to, sometimes called
613:, and L'Obel. Gerard's lack of scientific training and knowledge led him to frequent inclusion of material that was incorrect, folkloric or mythical, such as the barnacle tree that bore
2145:
The
Correspondence of John Ray: Consisting of Selections from the Philosophical Letters Published by Dr. Derham, and Original Letters of John Ray in the Collection of the British Museum
901:
John Gerard worked within the early wave of Renaissance natural historians, who sought to systematise natural history while retaining the works of the ancients. The basis for Gerard's
266:
Gerard married Anne (or possibly Agnes), who died in 1620, and by her had five children, of whom only one, Elizabeth, survived them. He spent his entire adult life in London, close to
176:, first published in 1597, became a popular gardening and herbal book in English in the 17th century. Except for some added plants from his own garden and from North America, Gerard's
931:
is named. Both Fuchs and L'Obel were early botanists who worked empirically with plants. They were well educated, as were other members of the "Lime Street community" in the
761:
The Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, gathered by John Gerarde, Master in Chirurgerie. Very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Apothecarye
490:) is a list of 1,039 rare plants he cultivated in his garden at Holborn, where he introduced exotic plants from the New World, including a plant he misidentified as
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2664:
686:
799:, "Our author in this chapter was of many minds." The plant drawings in the 1633 and 1636 editions used hundreds of woodblocks originally made for an edition of
1966:
653:, about 1,800 in all, only 16 being original. However, Gerard was then faced with the difficulty of matching them to the text and frequently mislabelled them.
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and alerted the Nortons both to errors he discovered in the proofs and the incorporation of some of L'Obel's material. This is recounted by L'Obel in his
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and proved popular. Gerard was not Norton's first choice, the translation having originally been commissioned from Dr Robert Priest, a member of the
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3416:
3036:
2802:
1804:
488:
Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium
2628:
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generally contented themselves with listing plants and occasionally other things like animals and minerals and noting their medical uses.
2697:– This site has high resolution images of works by and about John Gerard (in .jpg and .tiff format) and includes a copy of Gerard's 1597
3158:
334:
2724:, fully-illustrated and in modern spelling, at the Ex-Classics website; can be read online or downloaded in text, pdf, or epub formats.
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In the preface ("To the courteous and well-willing Readers"), Gerard acknowledged Priest's efforts, but claimed the work was his own;
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1873:
737:
306:
234:
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915:, an early Greek writer whose work was seen a definitive text, coupled with works by Gerard's contemporaries, the German botanists
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2660:
2445:
The shaping of Cambridge botany: a short history of whole-plant botany in Cambridge from the time of Ray into the present century
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2115:
2007:
554:, not South America (see illustration). He then incorporated some unpublished material from L'Obel and material from the work of
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1826:
447:
358:
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translated and corrected editions of ancient texts, and 2. herbals based on empirical knowledge of early botanists. Although
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2155:
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are mainly derived from Continental European sources, but there is an original title page with a copperplate engraving by
2592:"Herball, Generall Historie of Plants by John Gerard, 1597: Introduction of North American plants into European herbals"
547:
33:
2649:
3100:
2913:
2222:
322:
807:("Gerard freed from blemishes"). Long ascribed this term to John Ray, but it is thought to have been used earlier by
1167:
421:, the French king's gardener sent him seeds. After his death in February 1612 he was buried at the parish church of
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3070:
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283:
97:
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1997:
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Officers of the company were elected every year, with a Master and three Wardens, ranked from Senior to Junior.
960:
389:
214:
140:
732:. Originally published by Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers in London (2nd ed.). NY: Dover.
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was original. Garret made a chance visit to the Norton publishing shop, where he discovered the proofs of the
2052:
The Jewel house of art and nature: Elizabethan London and the social foundations of the scientific revolution
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2100:
1885:
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Early British botanists and their gardens, based on unpublished writings of Goodyer, Tradescant, and others
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1992:
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held his achievements in high regard. In October 1603, Gerard was granted a lease on a garden adjoining
17:
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184:'s 1554 herbal, itself highly popular in Dutch, Latin, French and other English translations. Gerard's
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naturalists in London at the time. His flawed (from the perspective of some of his contemporaries)
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310:
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225:. Around the age of 17, in 1562, he became an apprentice to Alexander Mason (died 3 April 1574), a
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notes how a man born in 1842 recounts that in his childhood there was still a woman who used the
680:
669:
601:(Frankfurt, 1590), which themselves had been reused from earlier 16th-century botanical books by
380:
is dedicated to Burghley. He surrounded himself with influential friends and contacts, including
357:, in which he was described as "surgeon and herbarist to the King". He relinquished the lease to
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2020:
512:
746:
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2250:
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1996:
1953:
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with Gerard as curator, a position he held till 1604. In 1588, Burghley was Chancellor of the
196:. Two decades after Gerard's death, the book was corrected and expanded to about 1,700 pages.
55:
1606:
1344:
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with a garden belonging to Lord Burghley. After his death in February 1612, he was buried at
3249:
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1935:
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Gerard had a successful career with the Barber–Surgeons' Company. He became a member of the
885:. The writer Mark Griffiths has claimed that the drawing of a man on the title page of the
526:
The publisher and Queen's Printer John Norton proposed to Gerard an English translation of
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2016:
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by students of literature. For example, the herb which produces the deathlike sleep of
796:
614:
354:
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314:
226:
217:, about two miles away. Nothing is known of his parentage, but the coat of arms on his
50:
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1914:
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759:
414:
326:
271:
239:
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1743:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
3287:
3019:
3009:
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2797:
2687:
2489:
1971:
808:
385:
267:
2688:
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries
2603:
2347:
2306:
English naturalists from Neckham to Ray: a study of the making if the modern world
1861:
Herbals: their origin and evolution. A chapter in the history of botany, 1470–1670
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696:
2443:
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The Growth of Natural History in Stuart England: From Gerard to the Royal Society
2080:
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1859:
727:
417:. His servant, William Marshall travelled to the Mediterranean on his behalf and
321:, Hertfordshire, a position he continued in for more than 20 years. In 1586, the
3192:
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2240:
2149:
1967:"Shakespeare: writer claims discovery of only portrait made during his lifetime"
1855:
912:
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After Gerard's death in 1612, an enlarged, revised and corrected edition of the
365:
342:
275:
251:
2434:
2339:
1939:
573:, one of our London Colledge, hath (as I heard) translated the last edition of
534:(1583). This was a Latin version of an earlier work in Flemish by Dodoens, his
333:
and Gerard wrote to him commending himself as a suitable superintendent of the
2002:
940:
866:
791:
638:
582:
406:
247:
2657:: Physicians and Irregular Medical Practitioners in London 1550–1640 Database
2358:
Dodonæus in Japan: translation and the scientific mind in the Tokugawa period
2785:
877:
862:
708:
650:
393:
318:
243:
213:, Cheshire, towards the end of 1545, receiving his only schooling at nearby
1957:
1898:
935:. Gerard and L'Obel were friends who made occasional field trips together.
2560:
The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
2419:
Thompson, Roger (July 1974). "Some newly discovered letters of John Ray".
3212:
3024:
836:
816:
558:, which he rearranged to follow more closely L'Obel's scheme of his 1570
551:
279:
210:
73:
1923:
1906:
1748:
2710:(all images freely available for download in a variety of formats from
2403:
2395:
927:
921:
764:(3rd ed.). London: Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers.
646:
527:
302:
189:
169:
2715:
1730:
786:
appeared in 1633 and as a third edition in 1636. These were edited by
396:
living and working in London, and a neighbour of the Flemish botanist
858:
255:
133:
1934:(Sect Hist Med). London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson: 108–149.
585:, and even of being a "crook". The work, published in 1597, was his
2513:
2727:
538:(Herb Book, 1554). It had been translated into English in 1578 by
491:
2704:
Title page and selected woodcuts from a 1633 edition of Gerard's
301:
While studying he developed the tenement garden in the suburb of
2380:
Tabor, Edward (1 January 1970). "Plant Poisons in Shakespeare".
2218:
The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe
2731:
2246:
The naming of names the search for order in the world of plants
2422:
Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History
2625:
RCP Munks Roll: Lives of the Fellows vol. 1 (1518–1700) p. 98
2524:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1732:
Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition
562:. It is thought to be a disguise for the original source.
515:, placed the English and Latin names in opposite columns.
2273:(2nd ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1586:
1584:
1039:
1037:
1035:
889:
depicts Shakespeare, but other scholars dispute this.
2576:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
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references many of the poisonous plants mentioned in
1402:
1400:
625:
Modern authorities disagree on how much of Gerard's
341:, but this was not done. It was reported that Queen
3358:
3263:
3093:
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2847:
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959:is used to indicate this person as the author when
372:notes that Gerard was not part of the community of
139:
129:
111:
103:
93:
81:
66:
41:
938:The South African native botanical plant genus of
853:'s plays. Additional value has been placed on the
589:. This edition reused hundreds of woodblocks from
2701:in which the drawings have been coloured by hand.
1797:Engl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1241:Calendar State Papers Domestic, Addenda 1580–1625
172:, now part of London. His 1,484-page illustrated
2022:Stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri XXX
1883:Barlow, HM (15 March 1913a). "English herbals".
1737:Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition
1464:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
180:is largely a plagiarised English translation of
587:Great Herball, or, Generall Historie of Plantes
409:, Master Fowle, keeper of the queen's house at
2119:. Vol. 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
2011:. Vol. 30. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
905:and those of Dodoens and other herbalists was
839:honoured him in the name of the plant species
835:Despite some shortcomings in Gerard's effort,
2743:
2707:The herball, or, Generall historie of plantes
1521:
832:for treating the ailments of her neighbours.
726:Gerard, John (2015) . Johnson, Thomas (ed.).
8:
2334:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1928:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
1418:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
502:. L'Obel wrote an introduction to the text.
467:The Goose or Barnakle tree, that bears geese
413:and Master Huggens, keeper of the garden at
3281:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
2570:Penny Cyclopaedia vol. V Blois–Buffalo
2490:"John Gerard: English herbalist and author"
2470:The annals of the barber-surgeons of London
1709:
1707:
1602:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
698:The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes
506:describes the garden in his preface to the
286:on 18 February, but the grave is unmarked.
2771:
2750:
2736:
2728:
2328:Smolenaars, Marja (2008). "Gerard, John".
1445:
1217:
1215:
1068:
1003:Presumably Dr Robert Preest (c. 1549–1596)
685:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
49:
38:
2079:Hoeniger, F.D.; Hoeniger, J.F.M. (1969).
1947:
1617:
1254:Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603–1610
1177:
1175:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
2932:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
2598:. Claude Moore Health Sciences Library,
2270:John Ray, naturalist: his life and works
1659:
1632:
1536:
1319:
1277:
1265:
1043:
174:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
117:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
18:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
2331:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1713:
1644:
1590:
1391:
1379:
1340:
1221:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1091:
1031:
977:
729:The Herbal Or General History of Plants
368:, Gerard was a doer and not a scholar.
27:English botanist and author (1545–1612)
1622:to Dr Sloane 16 March 1697 p. 313
1575:
1563:
1548:
1506:
1494:
1479:
1430:
1304:
1292:
1141:
678:
2629:Royal College of Physicians of London
2596:Historical exhibits: What is an herb?
2541:from the original on 19 February 2024
2287:from the original on 19 February 2024
2029:] (in Latin). Antwerp: Plantini.
1698:
1686:
1671:
1406:
1203:
1181:
1168:Biographical Notices pp. 540–545
1163:
188:drawings of plants and the printer's
7:
2667:from the original on 4 November 2016
2635:from the original on 2 February 2017
2473:. London: Blades, East & Blades.
2202:from the original on 1 December 2017
2175:from the original on 9 November 2020
2033:from the original on 7 November 2017
701:(1st ed.). London: John Norton.
581:This led to Gerard being accused of
3159:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
1367:
1355:
1979:from the original on 22 April 2016
1922:Barlow, Horace Mallinson (1913b).
1146:Last of the herbals p. 331ff.
1110:
881:, all listed and described in the
591:Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus
25:
2496:from the original on 8 March 2022
2198:(in Latin). London: Tho. Warren.
2124:Gunther, Robert Theodore (1922).
2085:. Charlottesville: Folger Books.
1773:from the original on 2 April 2022
307:William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley
3349:
2722:Complete version of 1633 edition
2661:Institute of Historical Research
2116:Dictionary of National Biography
2106:"Gerard, John (1545-1612)"
2008:Dictionary of National Biography
1998:"Johnson, Thomas (d.1644)"
1807:from the original on 16 May 2021
944:was named after Gerard in 1897.
925:is named, and L'Obel after whom
637:(1655), which accuses Gerard of
532:Stirpium historiae pemptades sex
460:
446:
392:and Richard Garth. Garret was a
278:. It is thought he resided in a
3391:List of natural history dealers
3059:The Natural History of Selborne
2355:Vande Walle, W.F., ed. (2001).
1924:"Old English herbals 1525–1640"
1827:International Plant Names Index
1511:The Goose Tree iii p. 1391
359:Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury
221:implies he was a member of the
3447:16th-century English botanists
3417:17th-century English botanists
3293:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
1435:Virginia Potato ii p. 781
599:Eicones Plantarum seu stirpium
1:
2156:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1186:Masters and Wardens p. 7
713:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2577:Penny Cyclopedia (1828–1843)
2348:UK public library membership
2171:. London: Thomae Purfoetii.
1649:Gerard emaculatus p. 70
548:London College of Physicians
353:, the queen consort to King
309:(Lord Burghley, the queen's
262:Later life, family and death
164:, 1545–1612) was an English
141:Author abbrev. (botany)
85:1612 (aged 66–67)
34:John Gerard (disambiguation)
3049:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
2223:University of Chicago Press
1965:Brown, Mark (19 May 2015).
3463:
3071:A History of British Birds
2716:digital.sciencehistory.org
2450:Cambridge University Press
2435:10.3366/jsbnh.1974.7.1.111
2311:Cambridge University Press
2215:Ogilvie, Brian W. (2006).
1940:10.1177/003591571300601512
1866:Cambridge University Press
1801:Plants of the World Online
1469:in Botany pp. 243–254
649:from Nicolaus Bassaeus in
31:
3422:English botanical writers
3386:Natural History Societies
3347:
3254:The Royal Natural History
3106:Ornithological Dictionary
3015:Johan Christian Fabricius
2712:Science History Institute
2563:. London: Charles Knight.
2537:. University of Chicago.
1729:Burkhardt, Lotte (2018).
1252:Mary Anne Everett Green,
335:university botanic garden
151:
122:
48:
3232:The Naturalist's Library
3135:On the Origin of Species
2693:14 February 2021 at the
2249:. New York: Bloomsbury.
2168:Stirpium adversaria nova
2101:Jackson, Benjamin Daydon
666:Jackson, Benjamin Daydon
560:Stirpium adversaria nova
384:, George Baker, and the
250:, for he refers to both
231:Barber–Surgeon's Company
205:Early life and education
3366:Natural history museums
2968:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
2714:Digital Collections at
2521:Encyclopædia Britannica
2486:Encyclopædia Britannica
2363:Leuven University Press
2132:Oxford University Press
1993:Boulger, George Simonds
1886:British Medical Journal
1676:Conclusions p. 270
1256:(London, 1857), p. 146.
1243:(London, 1872), p. 431.
1237:Mary Anne Everett Green
635:Stirpium illustrationes
621:Publication controversy
569:"and since that Doctor
436:Illustrations from the
331:University of Cambridge
168:with a large garden in
3218:William Jackson Hooker
3166:Alexander von Humboldt
3083:Philosophie zoologique
2866:Pinax theatri botanici
2655:British History Online
2602:. 2007. Archived from
2600:University of Virginia
2467:Young, Sidney (1890).
2442:Walters, S.M. (1981).
2340:10.1093/ref:odnb/10555
1899:10.1136/bmj.1.2724.555
754:Gerard, John (1636) .
707:version: also here at
664:Gerard, John (1876) .
603:Pietro Andrea Mattioli
579:
3304:The Study of Instinct
3243:Kunstformen der Natur
3147:The Malay Archipelago
3142:Alfred Russel Wallace
3078:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
2529:Grout, James (2016).
2057:Yale University Press
1465:Penny Cyclopedia 1836
1282:Living on Lime Street
695:Gerard, John (1597).
657:Selected publications
567:
323:College of Physicians
3442:People from Nantwich
3437:English male writers
3223:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3176:The Birds of America
2535:Encyclopaedia Romana
2515:"Gerard, John"
2047:Harkness, Deborah E.
1309:Baker: To the reader
32:For other uses, see
3271:Martinus Beijerinck
2814:De Natura Animalium
2189:de l'Obel, Matthias
2163:l'Obel, Matthias de
1749:10.3372/epolist2018
1553:Epistle dedicatorie
1014:Gerardus Emaculatus
950:author abbreviation
476:Catalogue of Plants
423:St Andrews, Holborn
311:Lord High Treasurer
296:Court of Assistants
284:St Andrews, Holborn
242:sailing around the
209:Gerard was born at
98:St Andrews, Holborn
76:, Cheshire, England
58:of 1636 edition of
3376:Parson-naturalists
3208:Philip Henry Gosse
3171:John James Audubon
3154:Henry Walter Bates
3042:Histoire Naturelle
3030:Historia Plantarum
2918:Avium Praecipuarum
2902:Historia animalium
2803:Historia Plantarum
2791:History of Animals
2396:10.1007/bf02860641
2017:Dodonaei, Remberti
1849:Books and articles
769:Index p. 1678
747:Index p. 1633
719:Index p. 1392
691:(2nd edition 1599)
530:' popular herbal,
398:Matthias de l'Obel
3399:
3398:
3345:
3344:
2963:Marcello Malpighi
2857:Ulisse Aldrovandi
2837:De Materia Medica
2346:(Subscription or
2301:Raven, Charles E.
2265:Raven, Charles E.
2092:978-0-918016-14-0
1893:(2724): 557–558.
1758:978-3-946292-26-5
1662:, pp. 54–55.
1419:Claude Moore 2007
908:De Materia Medica
805:Gerard emaculatus
795:the entry on the
496:Sloane collection
258:in his writings.
155:
154:
124:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
3454:
3353:
3326:The Dancing Bees
3250:Richard Lydekker
3198:Jean-Henri Fabre
3183:William Buckland
2988:Regnier de Graaf
2882:Andrea Cesalpino
2772:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2650:"Preest, Robert"
2644:
2642:
2640:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2574:
2564:
2555:Penny Cyclopedia
2550:
2548:
2546:
2525:
2517:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2474:
2463:
2438:
2415:
2376:
2351:
2343:
2324:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2260:
2236:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2153:
2140:Lankester, Edwin
2135:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2070:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1961:
1951:
1918:
1879:
1864:(2nd ed.).
1837:
1836:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1742:
1726:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:Vande Walle 2001
1600:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1148:
1139:
1114:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1072:
1066:
1047:
1041:
1020:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
991:
985:
982:
968:
958:
957:
956:
765:
743:
705:Internet Archive
702:
690:
684:
676:
464:
450:
370:Deborah Harkness
104:Other names
53:
39:
21:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3354:
3341:
3322:Karl von Frisch
3259:
3228:William Jardine
3118:Le Règne Animal
3089:
3037:Comte de Buffon
2998:Systema Naturae
2937:
2909:Frederik Ruysch
2887:Valerius Cordus
2877:Hieronymus Bock
2843:
2825:Natural History
2820:Pliny the Elder
2777:
2767:
2761:
2759:Natural history
2756:
2695:Wayback Machine
2684:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2647:
2638:
2636:
2621:"Robert Preest"
2618:
2609:
2607:
2590:
2587:
2567:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2528:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2484:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2441:
2418:
2383:Economic Botany
2379:
2373:
2354:
2345:
2327:
2321:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2281:
2263:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2138:
2123:
2111:Stephen, Leslie
2099:
2093:
2078:
2073:The Jewel House
2067:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2015:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1964:
1921:
1882:
1876:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1740:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1520:
1516:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1478:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1339:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1213:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1173:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1117:
1109:
1098:
1090:
1075:
1069:Smolenaars 2008
1067:
1050:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
969:
954:
953:
952:
947:
801:Rembert Dodoens
780:
775:
756:Johnson, Thomas
753:
740:
725:
694:
677:
663:
659:
623:
611:Carolus Clusius
607:Rembert Dodoens
544:A Niewe Herball
524:
513:Queen's Printer
500:British Library
480:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
465:
456:
455:
454:
453:Virginia Potato
451:
442:
441:
431:
388:James Garrett,
382:Lancelot Browne
351:Anne of Denmark
339:East Smithfield
292:
264:
223:Gerards of Ince
207:
202:
182:Rembert Dodoens
89:
88:London, England
86:
77:
71:
62:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3460:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3332:Ronald Lockley
3329:
3319:
3307:
3300:Niko Tinbergen
3297:
3285:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3168:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3130:Charles Darwin
3127:
3122:
3113:Georges Cuvier
3110:
3101:George Montagu
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2990:
2985:
2983:Jan Swammerdam
2980:
2975:
2973:William Derham
2970:
2965:
2960:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2914:William Turner
2911:
2906:
2897:Conrad Gessner
2894:
2892:Leonhart Fuchs
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2862:Gaspard Bauhin
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2807:
2795:
2782:
2780:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2702:
2683:
2682:External links
2680:
2678:
2677:
2645:
2616:
2606:on 3 June 2020
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2551:
2526:
2512:, ed. (1911).
2510:Chisholm, Hugh
2506:
2480:
2479:Encyclopaedias
2477:
2476:
2475:
2464:
2458:
2439:
2429:(1): 111–123.
2416:
2377:
2371:
2352:
2325:
2319:
2297:
2279:
2261:
2255:
2237:
2231:
2212:
2185:
2159:
2154:(also here at
2142:, ed. (1848).
2136:
2121:
2097:
2091:
2076:
2065:
2043:
2013:
1989:
1962:
1919:
1880:
1874:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832: J.Gerard
1818:
1784:
1757:
1721:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1664:
1652:
1637:
1625:
1618:Lankester 1848
1610:
1607:pp. 37–38
1595:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1541:
1529:
1522:de l'Obel 1655
1514:
1499:
1487:
1472:
1450:
1438:
1423:
1411:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1324:
1312:
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1285:
1270:
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1211:
1189:
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1149:
1115:
1096:
1073:
1048:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1005:
996:
986:
976:
975:
973:
970:
965:botanical name
946:
933:City of London
797:saffron crocus
788:Thomas Johnson
779:
776:
774:
773:
772:
771:
751:
750:
749:
738:
723:
722:
721:
692:
660:
658:
655:
622:
619:
523:
517:
482:Gerard's 1596
479:
473:
466:
459:
458:
457:
452:
445:
444:
443:
435:
434:
433:
432:
430:
427:
347:Somerset House
325:established a
291:
288:
263:
260:
227:barber-surgeon
206:
203:
201:
198:
194:William Rogers
153:
152:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
120:
119:
113:
112:Known for
109:
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68:
64:
63:
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24:
14:
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10:
9:
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4:
3:
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3459:
3448:
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3374:
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3363:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:On Aggression
3311:
3310:Konrad Lorenz
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:Abbott Thayer
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3238:Ernst Haeckel
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:Louis Agassiz
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:Charles Lyell
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:William Smith
3123:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:Thomas Bewick
3064:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3054:Gilbert White
3052:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Georg Steller
3003:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2993:Carl Linnaeus
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:Enlightenment
2940:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Otto Brunfels
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:(1828–1843).
2556:
2552:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2531:"John Gerard"
2527:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2459:9780521237956
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2372:9789058671790
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2320:9781108016346
2316:
2312:
2309:. Cambridge:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2286:
2282:
2280:9780521310833
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2256:9781596919655
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2232:9780226620862
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2066:9780300111965
2062:
2058:
2055:. New Haven:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1875:9781108016711
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1785:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:Harkness 2007
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:Thompson 1974
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:Harkness 2007
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:To the reader
1481:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Dodonaei 1583
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1278:Harkness 2007
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:Harkness 2007
1262:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:Chisholm 1911
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
990:
987:
981:
978:
971:
966:
962:
951:
948:The standard
945:
943:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:
924:
923:
919:, after whom
918:
917:Leonard Fuchs
914:
910:
909:
904:
899:
896:
895:Francis Bacon
890:
888:
884:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
865:may refer to
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
838:
833:
831:
827:
822:
818:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
777:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
757:
752:
748:
745:
744:
741:
739:9781606600801
735:
731:
730:
724:
720:
717:
716:
714:
710:
706:
700:
699:
693:
688:
682:
674:
673:
667:
662:
661:
656:
654:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
518:
516:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
474:
463:
449:
439:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:Hampton Court
412:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:According to
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:physic garden
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Chancery Lane
269:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:merchant ship
236:
235:Lord Burghley
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:Resting place
92:
84:
80:
75:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
40:
35:
30:
19:
3432:1610s deaths
3335:
3325:
3313:
3303:
3291:
3288:Hugh B. Cott
3279:
3264:20th century
3253:
3241:
3231:
3174:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3116:
3104:
3094:19th century
3081:
3069:
3057:
3040:
3028:
3020:James Hutton
3010:Joseph Banks
2996:
2956:Micrographia
2954:
2951:Robert Hooke
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2900:
2865:
2835:
2823:
2813:
2801:
2798:Theophrastus
2789:
2705:
2698:
2669:. Retrieved
2653:
2648:BHO (2004).
2637:. Retrieved
2624:
2619:RCP (2009).
2608:. Retrieved
2604:the original
2595:
2569:
2559:
2543:. Retrieved
2534:
2519:
2498:. Retrieved
2469:
2444:
2426:
2420:
2390:(1): 81–94.
2387:
2381:
2357:
2329:
2305:
2289:. Retrieved
2269:
2245:
2241:Pavord, Anna
2217:
2204:. Retrieved
2193:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2144:
2126:
2114:
2081:
2051:
2035:. Retrieved
2026:
2021:
2006:
1981:. Retrieved
1972:The Guardian
1970:
1931:
1927:
1890:
1884:
1860:
1856:Arber, Agnes
1843:Bibliography
1831:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1800:
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1736:
1731:
1724:
1718:pp. 6–7
1714:Ogilvie 2006
1694:
1682:
1667:
1655:
1645:Gunther 1922
1640:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1591:Boulger 1892
1571:
1559:
1544:
1539:, pp. 15–19.
1532:
1517:
1502:
1490:
1475:
1441:
1426:
1414:
1392:Barlow 1913b
1387:
1380:Barlow 1913a
1375:
1363:
1351:
1341:Ogilvie 2006
1315:
1300:
1288:
1273:
1268:, pp. 51–55.
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1226:pp. 8–9
1222:Walters 1981
1092:Jackson 1890
1017:
1013:
1008:
999:
989:
980:
939:
937:
926:
920:
906:
902:
900:
891:
886:
882:
876:
870:
854:
846:
840:
834:
829:
820:
813:
811:and others.
809:John Goodyer
804:
783:
781:
760:
728:
711:and here at
697:
670:
643:
634:
630:
626:
624:
598:
594:
586:
580:
574:
570:
568:
564:
559:
543:
535:
531:
525:
519:
507:
504:George Baker
487:
483:
481:
475:
437:
386:apothecaries
377:
363:
300:
293:
268:Barnards Inn
265:
218:
208:
185:
177:
173:
162:John Gerarde
161:
157:
156:
145:
123:
116:
107:John Gerarde
59:
56:Frontispiece
29:
3427:1545 births
3336:Shearwaters
3193:Mary Anning
2978:Hans Sloane
2928:John Gerard
2922:New Herball
2849:Renaissance
2832:Dioscorides
2768:naturalists
2291:1 September
2221:. Chicago:
2150:Ray Society
2027:Crvyd-boeck
2003:Lee, Sidney
1576:Gerard 1636
1564:Gerard 2015
1549:Gerard 1597
1507:Gerard 1597
1495:Gerard 1597
1480:Gerard 1597
1446:l'Obel 1571
1431:Gerard 1597
1305:Gerard 1597
1293:Gerard 1876
1142:Pavord 2005
913:Dioscorides
851:Shakespeare
845:. Gerard's
826:Agnes Arber
790:, a London
595:Kräuterbuch
536:Cruydeboeck
390:Hugh Morgan
374:Lime Street
366:Anna Pavord
276:Fetter Lane
252:Scandinavia
158:John Gerard
43:John Gerard
3412:Herbalists
3406:Categories
2766:Pioneering
2671:4 November
2639:4 November
2610:3 November
2545:3 November
2500:1 November
2361:. Leuven:
2350:required.)
2206:14 January
2179:14 January
2148:. London:
2071:(see also
2037:14 January
1795:Gerardiina
1699:Brown 2015
1687:Tabor 1970
1672:Arber 1938
1407:Grout 2016
1345:p. 37
1208:p. 74
1204:Raven 1950
1182:Young 1890
1164:Young 1890
1027:References
1018:Ger. emac.
941:Gerardiina
872:Mandragora
867:nightshade
792:apothecary
647:woodblocks
639:plagiarism
583:plagiarism
540:Henry Lyte
419:Jean Robin
407:Twickenham
270:, between
2786:Aristotle
2778:antiquity
2776:Classical
2267:(1950) .
2019:(1583) .
1915:220018269
1858:(1938) .
1777:1 January
1767:187926901
1526:p. 2
878:Doronicum
863:Cymbeline
709:Botanicus
681:cite book
675:. London.
651:Frankfurt
575:Dodonaeus
484:Catalogue
411:St. James
343:Elizabeth
319:Theobalds
313:) at the
244:North Sea
215:Willaston
166:herbalist
115:The book
3213:Asa Gray
3025:John Ray
2691:Archived
2665:Archived
2633:Archived
2585:Websites
2539:Archived
2494:Archived
2412:36759773
2303:(1947).
2285:Archived
2243:(2005).
2200:Archived
2191:(1655).
2173:Archived
2165:(1571).
2103:(1890).
2049:(2007).
2031:Archived
1995:(1892).
1983:22 April
1977:Archived
1958:19977241
1907:25300748
1805:Archived
1771:Archived
1368:BHO 2004
1356:RCP 2009
955:J.Gerard
842:Gerardia
837:Linnaeus
817:John Ray
552:Virginia
394:Huguenot
280:tenement
211:Nantwich
190:woodcuts
146:J.Gerard
74:Nantwich
2573:. 1836.
2404:4253115
2113:(ed.).
2005:(ed.).
1949:2006232
1111:EB 2016
994:Europe.
928:Lobelia
922:Fuchsia
903:Herball
887:Herball
883:Herball
855:Herball
847:Herball
830:Herball
821:Herball
784:Herball
758:(ed.).
672:Jackson
668:(ed.).
631:Herball
627:Herball
556:Clusius
528:Dodoens
520:Herball
508:Herball
498:at the
438:Herball
402:Clusius
378:Herball
355:James I
303:Holborn
229:of the
219:Herball
186:Herball
170:Holborn
60:Herball
3359:Topics
2810:Aelian
2699:Herbal
2456:
2410:
2402:
2369:
2344:
2317:
2277:
2253:
2229:
2089:
2063:
1956:
1946:
1913:
1905:
1872:
1811:15 May
1765:
1755:
1739:]
961:citing
859:Juliet
778:Legacy
736:
571:Priest
440:(1597)
315:Strand
290:Career
256:Russia
248:Baltic
178:Herbal
160:(also
134:Botany
130:Fields
2575:, in
2408:S2CID
2400:JSTOR
2195:Anglo
2109:. In
2025:[
2001:. In
1911:S2CID
1903:JSTOR
1763:S2CID
1741:(pdf)
1735:[
1012:Also
972:Notes
615:geese
492:Yucca
349:, by
3380:List
3370:List
2673:2016
2641:2016
2612:2016
2547:2016
2502:2016
2454:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2293:2017
2275:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2208:2018
2181:2018
2087:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2039:2018
1985:2016
1954:PMID
1870:ISBN
1813:2021
1779:2021
1753:ISBN
1016:and
734:ISBN
687:link
522:1597
478:1596
429:Work
317:and
274:and
254:and
246:and
200:Life
82:Died
70:1545
67:Born
2431:doi
2392:doi
2336:doi
1944:PMC
1936:doi
1895:doi
1745:doi
911:of
875:or
861:or
597:or
542:as
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2663:.
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2594:.
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2425:.
2406:.
2398:.
2388:24
2386:.
2365:.
2313:.
2283:.
2225:.
2130:.
2059:.
1975:.
1969:.
1952:.
1942:.
1930:.
1926:.
1909:.
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1868:.
1829:.
1803:.
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1761:.
1751:.
1716:,
1706:^
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