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business, was unable to comprehend what was driving the enormous demand for bromine in the U.S., and where all the cheap imported bromine dumping their market was coming from. They suspected their own members of violating their price-fixing agreement and selling in
Germany below the cartel's fixed cost. The cartel continued to slash prices on their bromine in the U.S., first to 12 cents a pound, and then to 10.5 cents per pound. The cartel finally caught on to Dow's tactic and realized that they could not keep selling below cost. They then increased their prices worldwide.
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221:, which at the time was a primary ingredient in medicines and was widely used in the fledgeling photographic industry. Following his graduation from Case in 1888, Dow worked for a year as a chemistry professor at Huron Street Hospital College in Cleveland, while continuing his research into the extraction of chemicals from brine.
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Following the conclusion of the war, Dow began to research the benefits of magnesium, which the company had in large supply. He discovered that it could be used to make automobile pistons. The new pistons proved to give more speed and better fuel efficiency. The
Dowmetal pistons were used heavily
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In 1889, Dow received his first patent after inventing a more cost-effective and streamlined process for bromine extraction. He quickly formed his own company but was bankrupt within the year. His associates were impressed with his work and in 1890 helped him to found the
Midland Chemical Company
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in the U.S., Dow instructed his agents to buy up hundreds of thousands of pounds of the German bromine locally at the low price. The Dow company repackaged the bromine and exported it to Europe, selling it even to German companies at 27 cents a pound. The cartel, having expected Dow to go out of
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Dow wanted to expand his research of electrolysis to yield other chemicals. His financial backers did not approve of his continued research and fired him from the
Midland Chemical Company. He continued his research, developing a process to extract chlorine and caustic soda from sodium chloride.
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with cheap bromine if Dow attempted to sell his product abroad. In 1904 Dow defied the cartel by beginning to export his bromine at its cheaper price to
England. A few months later, an angry Bromkonvention representative visited Dow in his office and reminded him to cease exporting his bromine.
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during 1936 in memory of her husband
Herbert to enhance the quality of life for everyone in the Midland area and in the state of Michigan. In the years since, nearly half a billion dollars has been donated to worthy projects and programs in the state. The foundation's offices are located in a
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for explosives, and bromine for medicines and tear gas. By 1918, 90% of the Dow
Chemical Company production was in support of the war effort. During this time period, Dow also created the diamond logo, which is still used by the Dow Chemical Company.
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provided demand that enabled its growth, because
Britain blockaded the ports of Germany, which at the time included most of the world's largest chemical suppliers. Dow Chemical quickly moved to fill the gap for wartime goods, producing
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After seeking funding from potential backers in
Cleveland, including family friends and former Case School of Applied Science classmates, Dow secured funds from James T. Pardee, Albert W. Smith, J. H. Osborn, and
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Unafraid, Dow continued exporting to
England and Japan. The German cartel retaliated by dumping the US market with bromine at 15 cents a pound in an effort to put him out of business. Unable to compete with this
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With his new company and new technology, Dow produced bromine very cheaply, and began selling it in the United States for 36 cents per pound. At the time, the German government supported a bromine
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as successor to the Dow Process Company. The Dow Process Company was incorporated with 57 original stockholders. Within three years, his new company purchased the Midland Chemical Company.
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before his third birthday in 1902. Willard became a chemist with his father's company. Alden studied engineering in preparation for work at Dow Chemical, but shifted to architecture.
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Dow married the former Grace Anna Ball, a teacher in Midland, on November 16, 1892. The union bore seven children between 1894 and 1908: Helen, Ruth, Willard, Osborn,
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and founded the Dow Process Company to develop the production mechanism for his process. The following year he returned to Midland, where he formed the
590:"Original Stockholder Agreement of Dow Chemical Company," 1897, File # 970041, Herbert H. Dow Papers, Post Street Archives, Midland, Michigan
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182:, the eldest child of Americans Joseph Henry Dow, an inventor and mechanical engineer, and his wife, Sarah Bunnell, who were from
153:(February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was an American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate
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on the supply of bromine, which they sold in the US for 49 cents per pound. The Germans had made it clear that they would
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After graduating from high school in 1884, Dow enrolled in the Case School of Applied Science (now known as
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in Midland, Michigan. Dow continued his work extracting bromine, and by early 1891 he had invented the
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Dow Chemical Company focused on research, and soon was able to extract many more chemicals from brine.
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812:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Herbert H. Dow House / The Dow House"
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of the liver, Dow had personally received over 90 patents. Dow was survived by his wife,
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in Midland, Michigan opened in 1968, and is named after Dow. Among his awards is the
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fraternity. He began specialized research into the chemical composition of
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to follow Joseph's job with the Derby Shovel Manufacturing Company.
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and nearby areas. He discovered that brine samples from
852:. Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation. Archived from
850:"History of The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation"
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The Dow Story: The History of the Dow Chemical Company
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building on the grounds of the Dow home and gardens.
360:By the time of his death on October 15, 1930, from
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332:in racing vehicles, and the 1921 winner of the
557:(1st ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Co. pp.
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197:). While at Case, he became a member of the
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524:. Michigan State University Press. pp.
27:American chemical industrialist (1866–1930)
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336:used the Dowmetal pistons in his vehicle.
255:. In 1895, Dow moved his young family to
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946:Businesspeople from Belleville, Ontario
921:Canadian emigrants to the United States
633:. Michigan Walk of Fame. Archived from
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234:, a method of bromine extraction using
931:Case Western Reserve University alumni
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785:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
418:Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation
178:Herbert Henry Dow was born in 1866 in
911:American manufacturing businesspeople
607:. Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
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764:from the original on October 3, 2017
460:from the original on August 30, 2007
368:, and five of their seven children.
605:"Herbert Dow, the Monopoly Breaker"
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611:from the original on March 4, 2007
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810:James Sheire (January 29, 1976).
603:Folsom, Burton W. (May 1, 1997).
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238:to oxidize bromide to bromine.
195:Case Western Reserve University
708:"Death Claims Noted Chemist".
405:His home in Midland, known as
159:Case School of Applied Science
102:Case School of Applied Science
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396:Herbert Henry Dow High School
685:. Invent Now. Archived from
431:List of Case Western people
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411:National Historic Landmark
242:Foundation of Dow Chemical
495:Science History Institute
384:In 1899, Dow started the
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817:. National Park Service.
48:Herbert Dow, founder of
754:"H. H. Dow High School"
549:Whitehead, Don (1968).
456:. Ohio History Center.
314:for incendiary flares,
277:Deutsche Bromkonvention
830:Cite journal requires
783:"Perkin Medal Award".
758:Midland Public Schools
657:"Certificate of death"
516:Brandt, E. N. (1997).
416:Grace established the
409:, was declared a U.S.
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856:on September 29, 2012
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157:. A graduate of the
941:Dow Chemical Company
887:at Wikimedia Commons
407:Herbert H. Dow House
402:, received in 1930.
261:Dow Chemical Company
113:Dow Chemical Company
797:10.1021/ie50242a002
724:"About Dow Gardens"
712:. October 16, 1930.
683:"Herbert Henry Dow"
663:. State of Michigan
637:on November 3, 2006
631:"Herbert Henry Dow"
491:"Herbert Henry Dow"
279:, which had a near-
267:Breaking a monopoly
180:Belleville, Ontario
926:Canadian inventors
916:American inventors
710:Detroit Free Press
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217:were very rich in
184:Derby, Connecticut
60:February 26, 1866
936:American chemists
883:Media related to
689:on April 21, 2007
568:978-0-07-069948-9
390:Midland, Michigan
350:Spinal meningitis
316:monochlorobenzene
294:predatory pricing
215:Midland, Michigan
151:Herbert Henry Dow
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131:Scientific career
36:Herbert Henry Dow
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768:February 24,
766:. Retrieved
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155:Dow Chemical
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123:Perkin Medal
80:(1930-10-15)
50:Dow Chemical
29:
906:1930 deaths
901:1866 births
885:Herbert Dow
728:Dow Gardens
497:. June 2016
386:Dow Gardens
307:World War I
301:World War I
253:Cady Staley
232:Dow process
174:Early years
68:Canada West
18:Herbert Dow
895:Categories
860:August 21,
437:References
64:Belleville
561:, 37–38.
501:March 21,
413:in 1976.
362:cirrhosis
312:magnesium
188:Cleveland
169:Biography
140:Chemistry
111:founding
90:Minnesota
86:Rochester
762:Archived
732:Archived
693:April 5,
667:April 7,
641:April 5,
615:April 5,
609:Archived
577:68023570
464:April 5,
458:Archived
425:See also
281:monopoly
346:Alden B
219:bromine
575:
565:
532:
320:phenol
273:cartel
203:brines
137:Fields
125:(1930)
119:Awards
815:(pdf)
526:16–17
366:Grace
356:Death
862:2012
836:help
770:2018
740:2018
695:2007
669:2023
643:2007
617:2007
573:LCCN
563:ISBN
530:ISBN
503:2018
466:2007
318:and
213:and
207:Ohio
75:Died
57:Born
793:doi
388:in
205:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
