255:
apostates, they that lead many to sin, they that turn away from the ways of the community. Five are called 'minim': (1) he who says there is no God and the world has no leader; (2) he who says the world has more than one leader; (3) he who ascribes to the Lord of the
Universe a body and a figure; (4) he who says that God was not alone and Creator of all things at the world's beginning; (5) he who worships some star or constellation as an intermediating power between himself and the Lord of the World.
3283:
3297:
1589:
258:
The following three classes are called 'apiḳoresim': (1) he who says there was no prophecy nor was there any wisdom that came from God and which was attained by the heart of man; (2) he who denies the prophetic power of Moses our master; (3) he who says that God has no knowledge concerning the doings
254:
The following have no share in the world to come, but are cut off, and perish, and receive their punishment for all time for their great sin: the minim, the apikoresim, they that deny the belief in the Torah, they that deny the belief in resurrection of the dead and in the coming of the
Redeemer, the
521:
term for a Jew who sins inadvertently due to having been raised without an appreciation for the
Judaism practiced by their ancestors. As with most instances of Talmudic terminology, derived from a specific scenario but applied to wider metaphorical analogies, an individual does not literally have to
262:
The following three are called 'koferim ba-Torah': (1) he who says the Torah is not from God: he is a kofer even if he says a single verse or letter thereof was said by Moses of his own accord; (2) he who denies the traditional interpretation of the Torah and opposes those authorities who declare it
548:
The present section lists individuals who have been declared heretical, independent of the particular criteria applied in the assessment. The list below is intended to be inclusive, and thus contains both individuals who have been fully excommunicated, as well as those whose works alone have been
417:
to divorce his wife, even though she demanded it, they would compel him to support her and her children and to pay her an allowance until he agreed to a divorce. At his death, those who are present need not tear their garments as they would by a fellow Jew. The
386:(one who transgresses due to his inability to resist the temptation of illicit pleasure), was placed by some of the Rabbis in the same category as the minim. Even if he habitually transgressed one law only (for example, if he defiantly violated one of the
331:, and to cause them to descend to the pit of destruction, since they cause difficulty to the Jews and sway the people away from God." The heretic was excluded from a portion in the world to come; he was consigned to
426:, the same as the convert. If he claimed to be a good Jew, although he was alleged to have worshiped idols in another town, he was believed when no benefit could have accrued to him from such a course.
315:
The Talmud states that the punishment for some kinds of heretic is to be "lowered into a pit, but not raised out of it", meaning that there are types of people who may legitimately be killed. The
530:: they are not accountable for their distance from complete Jewish observance. That it applies to the many unaffiliated and unobservant Jews in contemporary society is the basis for the various
271:; and (3) he who says, as do the Nazarenes and the Mohammedans, that the Lord has given a new dispensation instead of the old, and that he has abolished the Law, though it was originally divine.
362:
written by a heretic were burned; and an animal slaughtered by a heretic was forbidden food. Books written by heretics did not render the hands impure; they might not be saved from fire on the
1559:
2787:
163:
10:1, says the following have no share in the world to come: "One who says: There is no resurrection of the dead from the Torah, and Torah not from Heaven, and an
3177:
1860:
3137:
1655:
1684:
110:). The law "You shall not cut yourselves" (לא תתגדדו) is interpreted by the rabbis: "You shall not form divisions , but shall form one bond" (after
917:
13:5; compare ib. 12:9, apparently belonging to 13:5: "He who casts off the yoke , and he who severs the
Abrahamic covenant; he who interprets the
466:
movements to be heretical due to the concessions and changes they have made relative to so-called traditional
Judaism, and even smaller numbers of
3183:
279:, in his critical notes, objects to Maimonides characterizing as heretics all those who attribute corporeality to God, and he insinuates that the
2283:
1737:
335:, to eternal punishment, but the Jewish courts of justice never attended to cases of heresy; they were left to the judgment of the community.
2278:
36:, including laws for how to deal with them in a communal context, and statements about the divine punishment they are expected to receive.
346:
and the priests accepted them, the sacrifices of the heretic were not accepted. The relatives of the heretic did not observe the laws of
2298:
2293:
1717:
1578:
3110:
1987:
584:
446:
to be heretical due to his sometimes liberal interpretations of the Torah. That being said, many
Orthodox Jews also hold Maimonides's
2138:
1992:
2047:
1955:
3212:
2406:
1056:
2088:
1648:
144:(he who deviates from the customs of the community). Religious fundamentalists claim that all these groups are consigned to
3189:
2510:
3252:
3120:
3115:
2303:
2288:
2052:
2007:
1752:
723:
3217:
3202:
2083:
1943:
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because if one denies one divinely ordinated law it is akin to his denial of its godly origin. One who violated the
3323:
3171:
3065:
2716:
2610:
2318:
2251:
1812:
1702:
784:
753:
748:
559:
3287:
3227:
3125:
3105:
2975:
2900:
2760:
2627:
2313:
2273:
1641:
455:
3207:
3038:
2337:
2212:
1079:
703:
531:
471:
319:
states that there were, at the time of the destruction of the Temple, no less than twenty-four kinds of minim.
953:
3160:
3149:
2743:
2664:
2369:
2268:
2207:
2187:
2093:
2066:
1607:
500:
who are not responsible for their actions (as opposed to heretics who purposefully and knowingly deny God).
1036:
3196:
3166:
2229:
668:
543:
403:
284:
925:
tradition, and he who pronounces in full the
Ineffable Name—all these have no share in the world to come"
378:
A Jew who rejected Jewish practice could receive a status similar to one who rejected Jewish belief. The
3222:
3143:
2925:
2632:
2515:
2256:
2246:
2239:
2224:
2110:
694:
598:
390:
out of spite for God), he was not allowed to perform any religious function, nor could he testify in a
1103:
53:, αἵρεσις, originally denoted "division," "sect," "religious" or "philosophical party," is applied by
3257:
3247:
2750:
1722:
641:
451:
160:
1602:
712:: Prevented from becoming British Chief Rabbi and removed from his pulpit due to his published views
370:; and if an Israelite found an object belonging to a heretic, he was forbidden to return it to him.
2905:
2873:
2799:
2708:
2654:
2261:
2061:
1795:
1760:
728:
651:
423:
395:
343:
215:
70:
3237:
3232:
3043:
2765:
2642:
2637:
2622:
2592:
2545:
2468:
2374:
2234:
1807:
1712:
1679:
1509:
1476:
1402:
1087:
733:
686:
2520:
2396:
88:
The specific rabbinical term for heresies, or religious divisions due to an unlawful spirit, is
170:הָאוֹמֵר אֵין תְּחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה, וְאֵין תּוֹרָה מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם, וְאֶפִּיקוֹרֶס
3021:
2952:
2834:
2819:
2602:
2473:
2438:
1727:
1468:
985:
743:
607:
564:
483:
296:
276:
201:" is explained as "You shall not turn to heretic views which lead your heart away from God".
482:
to be a heretical institution. Ultimately, the majority of
Orthodox Jews consider individual
3087:
3055:
3016:
2987:
2970:
2920:
2721:
2530:
2463:
2416:
2364:
2332:
2323:
2308:
2182:
2157:
2133:
2017:
1948:
1865:
1732:
603:
527:
435:
316:
292:
288:
223:
23:
74:
2997:
2992:
2804:
2731:
2564:
2535:
2458:
2448:
2411:
2386:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2147:
1938:
1855:
1822:
1780:
1770:
970:
821:
763:
699:
534:
professionals and organizations; even non-professionals make efforts to draw them closer.
509:
496:
467:
214:
on heretics. The belief that the curse was directed at
Christians was sometimes cause for
178:
78:
935:
2698:
3301:
3276:
3097:
3004:
2962:
2942:
2930:
2910:
2824:
2814:
2782:
2775:
2755:
2726:
2693:
2659:
2569:
2493:
2483:
2421:
2219:
2167:
2078:
2073:
1835:
1830:
1765:
1694:
1598:
1322:
1152:
833:
829:
758:
631:
570:
463:
459:
439:
206:
102:
82:
1092:
Der
Schulchan Aruch und die Rabbinen über das Verhältnis der Juden zu Andersgläubigen,
825:
813:
809:
422:
who repented and desired readmittance into the Jewish community was obliged to take a
3317:
3070:
2915:
2842:
2649:
2583:
2556:
2505:
2453:
2426:
2401:
2391:
2152:
2098:
2032:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1970:
1916:
1845:
1790:
1593:
1397:
1306:
1286:
1188:
1131:
1083:
1067:
1013:
989:
613:
588:
475:
447:
367:
3050:
2847:
2809:
2770:
2359:
2103:
2042:
2022:
1982:
1965:
1933:
1921:
1882:
1800:
1775:
1564:
1250:
1025:
817:
709:
626:
391:
351:
1527:
3060:
2575:
2500:
2478:
2381:
1975:
1904:
1899:
1887:
1877:
1495:
659:
635:
622:
413:
could not perform the ceremony on another. While the court could not compel the
268:
174:
3154:
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2443:
2037:
1785:
1707:
1431:
677:
672:
655:
594:
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443:
410:
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after his death, but donned festive garments, and ate and drank and rejoiced.
320:
300:
247:
107:
32:(Jewish religious law). Jewish tradition contains a range of statements about
1472:
845:
111:
3075:
2540:
2431:
2342:
1960:
1894:
1004:
pp291-292 ed. William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz – 2006
264:
149:
62:
58:
1911:
338:
The sentiment against the heretic was much stronger than that against the
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1341:
1211:
922:
880:
768:
738:
663:
518:
355:
280:
231:
145:
128:
54:
1592: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1513:
1480:
544:
Censorship by religion § Censorship by Jewish religious authorities
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2615:
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911:
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227:
156:
66:
28:
195:) The Biblical verse, "so that you do not follow your heart and eyes"
22:
refers to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of
16:
Beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism
3080:
2947:
2883:
1172:
1148:
1114:
681:
522:
have been "captured" as an infant to fall within the definition of a
479:
119:
50:
33:
323:
wrote that "It is a mitzvah, however, to eradicate Jewish traitors,
1633:
494:
foods; and in other ways violate the ways of their ancestors to be
26:, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of
3031:
3026:
2980:
2935:
2856:
2851:
2115:
1870:
1840:
1503:
1282:
1203:
1192:
981:
918:
914:
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895:
868:
856:
778:
773:
645:
617:
553:
339:
304:
243:
211:
3130:
1664:
1302:
1126:
1002:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period
69:. In the sense of a schism to be deprecated, the word occurs in
1637:
382:(one who transgresses out of spite for God), as opposed to the
549:
condemned as heretical. (The list is in chronological order.)
242:
In summarizing the Talmudic statements concerning heretics in
434:
The definitions of heresy are sometimes different in certain
148:
for all eternity and have no possibility of a portion in the
96:, for "heretic" or "Gnostic," is coined idiomatically, like
198:וְלֹֽא־תָת֜וּרוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם
517:(Hebrew: תינוק שנשבה, literally, "captured infant" ) is a
303:, would protest against the Maimonidean (or Talmudic; see
81:; hence αἱρετικὸς ("heretic") in the sense of "factious" (
1191:
She'ar Avot haTumot 9:10; compare Mishneh Torah 4:6; see
398:
publicly or worshiped idols could not participate in the
1560:"Storobin Adviser Admits He's Not Frum – Blames Hamodia"
625:: A second wave "failed Messiah" who later converted to
366:. A heretic's testimony was not admitted in evidence in
1621:
Begriff und Form der Häresic nach Talmud und Midraschim
218:. Modern scholarship has generally evaluated that the
450:
in very high regard. Many Orthodox Jews consider the
706:
following the publication of his Sabbath Prayer Book
3096:
2961:
2833:
2707:
2601:
2132:
1821:
1751:
1693:
1628:
Ueber den Ursprung und die Bedeutung des Ausdruckes
1546:
After the Return: Maintaining Good Family Relations
1457:"Is Reform Judaism a Movement, A Sect or a Heresy?"
1532:in general grew up without learning about Judaism
177:says, "Also one who reads external literature" (
140:(he who denies the fundamentals of faith); also
1461:Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought
342:. While the pagan brought his offerings to the
252:
616:: The famous "false messiah" who converted to
1649:
185:). This is explained as "books of heretics" (
8:
556:: considered a heretic by the Talmudic Sages
196:
186:
168:
3138:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
504:The tinok shenishba in contemporary society
1818:
1656:
1642:
1634:
591:(who later publicly regretted his actions)
1104:Jewish Encyclopedia – HERESY AND HERETICS
648:for teachings regarding the messianic era
1685:Index of Jewish history-related articles
808:ii. 8, § 1, and elsewhere; compare
283:are not heretics. In the same sense all
230:(and in the eyes of the rabbinic sages,
3184:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1544:Mordechai Becher; Moshe Noiman (1994).
798:
409:One who would not permit himself to be
183:רבי עקיבא אומר אף הקורא בספרים החיצונים
1496:"JM da Costa, MD—A tinok she-nishbah?"
226:before Christianity became markedly a
680:: For believing in the powers of the
7:
1615:The JE cites the following sources:
583:: His works condemned and burned by
526:This approach is widely held across
197:
187:
182:
169:
114:, A. V. "troop"). Besides the term
3131:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
3111:American Jewish Historical Society
585:Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier
14:
1601:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
3295:
3282:
3281:
1611:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1587:
222:probably did originally include
606:: His works condemned by Rabbi
3203:Relations with other religions
693:judged to contain heresies by
1:
3190:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
816:, and, with reference to the
671:: Charged with heresy by the
92:(lit. "kinds "; the singular
40:Rabbinic definition of heresy
3121:Leo Baeck Institute New York
3116:American Sephardi Federation
1436:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
1026:Tractate Avodah Zarah 26b:17
724:Anthropomorphism in Kabbalah
374:Rejection of Jewish practice
1944:Constantinopolitan Karaites
307:99a) conception of heresy.
3340:
3172:National Library of Israel
1813:Zionism, race and genetics
1047:Yerushalmi, Sanhedrin 10:5
785:Wissenschaft des Judentums
754:Jewish religious movements
749:Jewish principles of faith
541:
507:
430:Heresy in Orthodox Judaism
57:to the three Jewish sects—
3270:
3126:Yeshiva University Museum
3106:Center for Jewish History
1675:
1630:, in Monatsschrift, 1870.
820:sect, the αἵρεσις of the
769:Kabbalah § Criticism
638:for his pantheistic views
597:: His works condemned by
567:: heretical Talmudic Sage
486:; those who drive on the
118:(מין) for "heretic," the
1718:Ancient Israel and Judah
936:"Mishnah Sanhedrin 10:1"
704:Union of Orthodox Rabbis
634:: Excommunicated in the
532:Orthodox Jewish outreach
311:Legal status of heretics
299:of every portion of the
263:to be tradition, as did
2094:North African Sephardim
2067:Jewish tribes of Arabia
1608:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1455:Yuter, Alan J. (1989).
1070:Hilchot Teshuvah 3:6-14
573:: His works reject the
560:Judaism's view of Jesus
442:consider many works of
402:, nor could he write a
142:poresh mi-darke tzibbur
3197:Holocaust Encyclopedia
3167:Jewish Virtual Library
1016:Hilchot Teshuvah 3:6-8
669:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
538:Jews accused of heresy
273:
77:, and particularly in
3144:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2926:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
2111:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
1861:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
1603:"Heresy and Heretics"
1494:N. H. Korbin (1999).
1037:Daf Shevui commentary
695:Samson Raphael Hirsch
599:Shem Tov ibn Shem Tov
1723:Second Temple period
1135:Hilchot Evel 1:5,6;
1094:2d ed., Berlin, 1894
702:: Excommunicated by
644:: Excommunicated in
642:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
470:groups, such as the
295:, doubt or deny the
3161:Jewish Encyclopedia
2906:Hekhalot literature
2717:Religious movements
2252:Judeo-Tripolitanian
1289:Hilchot Edut 10:3;
859:, Deuteronomy 96.10
729:Apostasy in Judaism
664:kabbalistic amulets
654:: Charged with the
652:Jonathan Eybeschutz
344:Temple in Jerusalem
216:persecution of Jews
71:1 Corinthians 11:19
49:The Greek term for
3302:Judaism portal
3238:Jews and Halloween
3233:Jews and Christmas
2623:Rabbinic authority
2375:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1808:Xueta Christianity
1713:Origins of Judaism
1680:Outline of Judaism
1269:, 2, 5; SHaKh and
954:"Sanhedrin 100b:3"
734:Epikoros (Judaism)
687:David Zvi Hoffmann
3324:Heresy in Judaism
3311:
3310:
3277:extinct languages
3178:YIVO Encyclopedia
2953:Hebrew literature
2921:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
2761:Reconstructionist
2439:Judaeo-Portuguese
2128:
2127:
2084:Eastern Sephardim
1728:Synagogal Judaism
1528:"Ashley Passmore"
1405:, §§ 200-209
1395:ad loc.; compare
1271:Pitchei Teshuvah,
744:Jewish philosophy
608:Shlomo ibn Aderet
565:Elisha ben Abuyah
456:Reconstructionist
297:Mosaic authorship
277:Abraham ben David
224:Jewish Christians
3331:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3285:
3284:
2417:Judeo-Golpaygani
2018:Palestinian Jews
1993:Alexandrian Jews
1949:Crimean Karaites
1866:Unterlander Jews
1819:
1733:Rabbinic Judaism
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1623:, Hamburg, 1896;
1612:
1591:
1590:
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1576:
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1569:
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1500:
1491:
1485:
1484:
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1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1428:
1422:
1419:Pitchei Teshuvah
1412:
1406:
1393:Pitchei Teshuvah
1382:
1376:
1373:Pitchei Teshuvah
1366:
1360:
1357:Pitchei Teshuvah
1350:
1344:
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1314:
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1045:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
992:Hilhot Akkum 2:3
979:
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950:
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932:
926:
909:
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878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
846:Deuteronomy 14:1
843:
837:
803:
604:Abraham Abulafia
528:Orthodox Judaism
524:tinok shenishba.
497:tinok shenishbim
424:ritual immersion
317:Jerusalem Talmud
291:in his notes on
289:Abraham ibn Ezra
285:biblical critics
200:
199:
190:
189:
184:
172:
171:
24:Rabbinic Judaism
3339:
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3333:
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3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3296:
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3092:
2957:
2829:
2703:
2597:
2412:Judeo-Borujerdi
2387:Judeo-Malayalam
2333:Judeo-Aragonese
2304:Lishanid Noshan
2136:
2124:
1856:Oberlander Jews
1817:
1747:
1689:
1671:
1662:
1599:Singer, Isidore
1597:
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1363:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1317:
1301:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1167:
1147:
1143:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
984:, Numbers 115;
980:
976:
969:
965:
958:www.sefaria.org
952:
951:
947:
940:www.sefaria.org
934:
933:
929:
910:
906:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
844:
840:
804:
800:
795:
790:
764:Jewish skeptics
719:
700:Mordecai Kaplan
546:
540:
515:Tinok shenishba
512:
510:Tinok shenishba
506:
480:State of Israel
478:, consider the
436:Orthodox Jewish
432:
404:bill of divorce
384:mumar le'teavon
380:mumar le-hachis
376:
313:
293:Deuteronomy 1:2
240:
122:uses the words
47:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3291:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:non-Christian
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Shulchan Aruch
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2931:Sefer Yetzirah
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:Pardes Rimonim
2908:
2901:Kabbalah texts
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2694:Land of Israel
2691:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2570:Judeo-Alsatian
2562:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Judeo-Hamedani
2419:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2397:Judaeo-Occitan
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2338:Jewish English
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2269:Judaeo-Aramaic
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2257:Judeo-Tunisian
2254:
2249:
2247:Judeo-Moroccan
2244:
2243:
2242:
2240:Judeo-Baghdadi
2227:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2144:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2096:
2091:
2089:Livornese Jews
2086:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1836:Afrikaner-Jode
1827:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1583:
1582:
1579:What is Herem?
1571:
1551:
1536:
1519:
1486:
1447:
1423:
1407:
1377:
1361:
1345:
1330:
1323:Shulchan Aruch
1315:
1295:
1291:Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ
1275:
1259:
1243:
1239:Hoshen Mishpat
1231:
1227:Be'er ha-Golah
1223:Hoshen Mishpat
1215:
1196:
1181:
1165:
1153:Shulchan Aruch
1141:
1119:
1107:
1096:
1086:19:5; compare
1072:
1060:
1049:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1006:
994:
974:
963:
945:
927:
904:
885:
873:
861:
849:
838:
797:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
759:Jewish schisms
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
707:
697:
684:
675:
666:
649:
639:
632:Baruch Spinoza
629:
620:
611:
601:
592:
578:
571:Anan ben David
568:
562:
557:
539:
536:
508:Main article:
505:
502:
472:Satmar dynasty
464:Open Orthodoxy
438:circles. Some
431:
428:
375:
372:
312:
309:
239:
236:
220:Birkat haMinim
207:Birkat haMinim
138:kofer ba-ikkar
134:kofer ba-Torah
75:Galatians 5:20
46:
43:
41:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3336:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3303:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Protestantism
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Sefer HaBahir
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Sifrei Kodesh
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2699:Who is a Jew?
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Chosen people
2626:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2584:Scots-Yiddish
2582:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:Klezmer-loshn
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Judeo-Shirazi
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:Judeo-Persian
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Judeo-Marathi
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:Judeo-Italian
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Judeo-Amazigh
2223:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Hadhrami Jews
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Mountain Jews
2011:
2009:
2008:Egyptian Jews
2006:
2004:
2003:Bukharan Jews
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Lists of Jews
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1594:public domain
1580:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1398:Sefer Hasidim
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:Eruvin 2:16;
1308:
1307:Mishneh Torah
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:Mishneh Torah
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:Mishneh Torah
1185:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1132:Mishneh Torah
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:Exodus Rabbah
1082:17a; compare
1081:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:Mishneh Torah
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:Mishneh Torah
1053:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:Mishneh Torah
1010:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
991:
990:Mishneh Torah
987:
983:
978:
975:
972:
971:Numbers 15:39
967:
964:
959:
955:
949:
946:
941:
937:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
908:
905:
901:
897:
894:
889:
886:
882:
877:
874:
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
850:
847:
842:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
799:
792:
787:
786:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
716:
711:
708:
705:
701:
698:
696:
692:
688:
685:
683:
679:
676:
674:
670:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
637:
633:
630:
628:
624:
621:
619:
615:
614:Sabbatai Zevi
612:
609:
605:
602:
600:
596:
593:
590:
589:Yonah Gerondi
586:
582:
579:
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473:
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453:
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448:Mishneh Torah
445:
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400:eruv chazerot
397:
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368:Jewish courts
365:
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352:Torah scrolls
349:
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194:
180:
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150:world to come
147:
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131:
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126:(outsiders),
125:
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109:
105:
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68:
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44:
39:
37:
35:
31:
30:
25:
21:
20:Jewish heresy
3293:
3286:
3272:
3195:
3188:
3176:
3159:
3142:
2976:perspectives
2810:Samaritanism
2771:Neo-Hasidism
2751:Conservative
2665:Names of God
2574:
2555:
2365:Judaeo-Greek
2360:Judeo-Gascon
2299:Lishán Didán
2294:Lishana Deni
2262:Judeo-Yemeni
2230:Judeo-Arabic
2104:Meshuchrarim
2023:Persian Jews
1956:Kurdish Jews
1934:Kaifeng Jews
1883:Beta Abraham
1846:Galitzianers
1801:Antisemitism
1776:Israeli Jews
1761:Assimilation
1627:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1586:
1574:
1565:YeshivaWorld
1563:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1502:
1489:
1467:(3): 87–98.
1464:
1460:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
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1311:Orach Hayyim
1310:
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1270:
1266:
1262:
1251:Avodah Zarah
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1210:334:21; see
1208:Orach Hayyim
1207:
1199:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1157:Orach Hayyim
1156:
1144:
1136:
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1110:
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1080:Rosh Hashana
1075:
1063:
1052:
1043:
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1021:
1009:
1001:
997:
977:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:against the
907:
900:Rosh Hashana
888:
876:
869:Rosh Hashana
864:
852:
841:
805:
801:
783:
710:Louis Jacobs
690:
627:Christianity
547:
523:
514:
513:
495:
484:secular Jews
452:Conservative
433:
419:
414:
408:
399:
392:Jewish court
388:dietary laws
383:
379:
377:
337:
328:
324:
314:
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261:
257:
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241:
238:Medieval era
234:) religion.
219:
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127:
123:
115:
101:
97:
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48:
45:Talmudic era
27:
19:
18:
3218:Catholicism
2800:Hellenistic
2638:Eschatology
2576:Lachoudisch
2501:Lotegorisch
2479:Lachoudisch
2469:Koiné Greek
2382:Judeo-Latin
2319:Palestinian
2213:Palestinian
2062:Mustaʿravim
1988:Afghan Jews
1976:Berber Jews
1900:Bene Israel
1888:Falash Mura
1878:Beta Israel
1796:Persecution
1738:Middle Ages
1415:Yoreh De'ah
1403:Wistinetzki
1385:Yoreh De'ah
1369:Yoreh De'ah
1353:Even haEzer
1338:Yoreh De'ah
1326:Even haEzer
1225:34:22; see
1177:Yoreh De'ah
1161:Yoreh De'ah
1137:Yoreh De'ah
1117:13b, et al.
1088:D. Hoffmann
689:: His work
662:for making
660:Jacob Emden
636:Netherlands
623:Jacob Frank
411:circumcised
193:sifrē minim
175:Rabbi Akiva
103:am ha'aretz
79:2 Peter 2:1
3213:Anabaptism
3155:Jew (word)
3022:Leadership
2835:Literature
2820:Secularism
2766:Humanistic
2633:Conversion
2603:Philosophy
2444:Judeo-Urdu
2208:Babylonian
2053:Saada Jews
2038:Adeni Jews
1831:Ashkenazim
1786:Samaritans
1753:Population
1708:Israelites
1626:Goldfahn,
1441:2020-06-10
1371:340:5 and
1267:Yoreh Deah
793:References
691:Mar Samuel
678:Chassidism
673:Vilna Gaon
658:heresy by
595:Gersonides
581:Maimonides
575:Oral Torah
542:See also:
492:non-kosher
444:Maimonides
321:Maimonides
301:Pentateuch
287:who, like
281:Kabbalists
248:Maimonides
232:idolatrous
188:ספרי מינים
108:Gnosticism
83:Titus 2:10
3275:indicate
3223:Mormonism
3208:Christian
3088:Symbolism
3076:Synagogue
3056:Mythology
3017:Education
2988:Astronomy
2971:Astrology
2788:relations
2593:Zarphatic
2541:Galitzish
2343:Yeshivish
2220:Catalanic
2183:Samaritan
2158:Ashkenazi
2139:Diasporic
2134:Languages
2079:Sephardim
2074:Romaniote
1961:Krymchaks
1895:Desi Jews
1771:Buddhists
1473:0041-0608
1391:ad loc.,
1283:Sanhedrin
988:12b; see
915:Sanhedrin
896:Sanhedrin
826:Acts 24:5
822:Nazarenes
818:Christian
814:Acts 26:5
810:Acts 5:17
656:Sabbatean
329:apikorsim
275:However,
244:Sanhedrin
161:Sanhedrin
63:Pharisees
59:Sadducees
3318:Category
3288:Category
3258:Hinduism
3248:Buddhism
3150:Genetics
3066:Politics
3039:Marriage
2998:Holidays
2993:Calendar
2874:Rabbinic
2850:/Hebrew
2795:Haymanot
2722:Orthodox
2709:Branches
2682:Kabbalah
2677:Haskalah
2655:Holiness
2531:dialects
2511:Shassagh
2474:Krymchak
2454:Kayliñña
2348:Yinglish
2324:Galilean
2314:Talmudic
2309:Biblical
2284:Betanure
2203:Biblical
2198:Mishnaic
2193:Medieval
2178:Tiberian
2173:Yemenite
2163:Sephardi
2099:Paradesi
2043:Ḥabbanim
2033:Teimanim
1998:Baghdadi
1971:Maghrebi
1939:Karaites
1917:Gruzínim
1905:Kochinim
1823:Diaspora
1781:Karaites
1766:Atheists
1703:Timeline
1619:Krauss,
1514:42942980
1481:23260628
1432:"Heresy"
1417:119:11,
1387:268:12,
1212:Gilyonim
1127:Semachot
986:Berakhot
923:halakhic
881:Pesachim
739:Gilyonim
717:See also
519:Talmudic
474:and the
356:tefillin
348:mourning
259:of men.
246:90-103,
165:epikoros
146:Gehinnom
129:epikoros
124:ḥitzonim
112:Amos 9:6
55:Josephus
34:heretics
3273:Italics
3098:Studies
3044:Divorce
3010:Kashrut
3005:Cuisine
2963:Culture
2894:Midrash
2889:Tosefta
2879:Mishnah
2867:Ketuvim
2862:Nevi'im
2825:Schisms
2815:Science
2805:Karaite
2776:Renewal
2737:Litvaks
2732:Hasidic
2687:Sefirot
2672:Halakha
2643:Messiah
2616:Mitzvah
2611:Beliefs
2565:Western
2551:Poylish
2546:Litvish
2536:Eastern
2526:Yiddish
2521:Shuadit
2506:Qwareña
2494:Tetuani
2489:Haketia
2464:Knaanic
2459:Kivruli
2407:Bukhori
2353:Heblish
2289:Hulaulá
2279:Barzani
2235:Yahudic
2168:Mizrahi
2028:Urfalim
1983:Mizrahi
1927:Neofiti
1922:Italkim
1851:Lita'im
1743:Zionism
1695:History
1669:Judaism
1596::
1421:ad loc.
1375:ad loc.
1359:ad loc.
1355:154:1;
1340:264:1,
1293:, 34, 2
1273:ad loc.
1255:Horayot
1229:ad loc.
1204:Shabbat
912:Tosefta
893:Tosefta
883:24 168b
488:Sabbath
468:Hasidic
440:Haredim
396:Sabbath
364:Sabbath
360:mezuzot
333:Gehenna
269:Boethus
228:gentile
157:Mishnah
67:Essenes
29:halakha
3081:Hazzan
3071:Prayer
2948:Siddur
2884:Talmud
2848:Tanakh
2783:Neolog
2756:Reform
2744:Modern
2727:Haredi
2650:Ethics
2516:Shassi
2484:Ladino
2449:Karaim
2432:Juhuri
2274:Targum
2188:Signed
2153:Modern
2148:Hebrew
2116:Xuetes
1912:Dönmeh
1871:Yekkes
1512:
1479:
1471:
1401:, ed.
1303:Eruvin
1206:116a;
1173:Hullin
1159:39:1;
1149:Gittin
1129:2:10;
1115:Hullin
898:13:5;
682:tzadik
554:Korach
490:; eat
462:, and
460:Reform
358:, and
327:, and
325:minnim
250:says:
179:Hebrew
132:, and
120:Talmud
106:; see
65:, and
51:heresy
3253:Islam
3061:Names
3051:Music
3032:Rebbe
3027:Rabbi
2981:Monen
2936:Zohar
2857:Torah
2852:Bible
1966:Lemba
1841:Chuts
1510:JSTOR
1504:JSTOR
1499:(PDF)
1477:JSTOR
1328:123:2
1313:385:3
1305:69a;
1285:27a;
1253:26b;
1241:266:2
1193:Tumah
1175:13a;
1163:281:1
1151:45b;
1139:345:5
982:Sifre
919:Torah
857:Sifre
834:28:22
830:24:14
806:B. J.
779:Kafir
774:K-F-R
646:Italy
618:Islam
420:mumar
415:mumar
340:pagan
305:Sanh.
265:Zadok
212:curse
210:is a
159:, in
136:, or
90:minim
1667:and
1665:Jews
1506:.org
1469:ISSN
1389:Rema
1342:Rema
587:and
458:and
267:and
204:The
155:The
100:and
2660:God
1257:11a
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902:17a
871:17a
173:."
116:min
98:goy
94:min
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