Knowledge (XXG)

Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746

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Kingdom, by the King’s Courts and Judges there; ... and for rendering the Union of the Two Kingdoms more complete. For remedying the inconveniences that have arisen and may arise from the multiplicity and extent of heretable jurisdictions in Scotland, for making satisfaction to the proprietors thereof, for restoring to the crown the powers of jurisdiction originally and properly belonging thereto, according to the constitution, and for extending the influence, benefit, and protection of the King’s laws and courts of justice to all his Majesty’s subjects in Scotland, and for rendering the union more complete.
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and unquestioning obedience. He did so by agreeing such safeguards were required for states ruled by an absolute monarch but 'fortunately, Britain was not in that position.' This was because the constitution limited the powers of the Crown and ensured liberty; on the other hand, private jurisdictions
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who presided over the Scottish court system. In 1745, only eight of these were appointed by the Crown, three were appointed for life, with the rest being hereditary; their owners employed legal professionals known as Sheriff-substitutes or deputes, who earned their salary by taking a percentage of
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An Act for taking away and abolishing the Heretable Jurisdictions in Scotland; and for making Satisfaction to the Proprietors thereof; and for restoring such Jurisdictions to the Crown; and for making more effectual Provision for the Administration of Justice throughout that Part of the United
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An Act for taking away and abolishing the Heretable Jurisdictions in Scotland; and for making Satisfaction to the Proprietors thereof; and for restoring such Jurisdictions to the Crown; and for making more effectual Provision for the Administration of Justice throughout that Part of the United
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Such rights were not restricted to clan chiefs and were widespread throughout Scotland. There had been a number of previous attempts to either eliminate or weaken them; for example, the 1692 Church of Scotland Settlement removed the right of heritors to nominate church ministers for their own
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argued Crown control over such rights was essential; since 'the people will follow those who have the power to protect or hurt them;' it was therefore imperative for ministers of a constitutional monarch to remove such powers from private ownership. In response, Argyll quoted
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considered it the most important measure in dealing with Jacobitism in Scotland. Most of its provisions have since been repealed, but it still specifies that any
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Since Argyll was one of the main beneficiaries, his intervention was simply to enable Hardwicke to highlight the
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Kingdom, by the King’s Courts and Judges there; ...and for rendering the Union of the Two Kingdoms more complete.
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in support of his argument that multiple jurisdictions were a check on the Crown and thus a defence of liberty.
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created in Scotland after 6 June 1747 may grant no rights beyond those of landlordship (collecting rents).
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Proceedings of the Scottish Parliament on 27 September 2000: A Debate on the Highland Clearances
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A total of £152,000 was paid out in compensation, the two biggest payments being £38,000 to the
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originated in the 13th century and still exists in modern Scotland. Originally appointed by
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recognised these rights as property, compensation was paid to the deprived heritors.
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endangered it by encroaching on the legal authority of a constitutional monarchy.
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The Act gave the Crown control over the appointment of Sheriffs, with the role of
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Stephen, Jeffrey (January 2010). "Scottish Nationalism and Stuart Unionism".
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Many remained, one of the most significant being control of the thirty-three
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to weaken the traditional rights held by clan chiefs, the others being the
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The long title of the Act, which sets out the scheme and intention, is:
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The Act was one of a number of measures taken after the defeat of the
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James, Duke of Hamilton (1724-1758); received £38,000 in compensation
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since it gave them a large measure of control over their tenants.
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The last remnants of feudal tenure in Scotland were ended by the
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The Spaces of Justice: The Architecture of the Scottish Court
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Browning, Reed, ‘Lord Hardwicke, the Court Whig as Legist’,
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Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain concerning Scotland
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Encyclopædia Britannica Online. accessed 27 August 2008.
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Political and Constitutional Ideas of the Court Whigs
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Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000
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Fairleigh Dickinson University. pp. 33–34. 2358:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1355: 666: 415:"Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746" 409: 407: 8: 3558:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919 507:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 21: 3594:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales 316:which came into force on 28 November 2004. 114:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 22:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 3641: 3618:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland 3511: 1412: 1362: 1348: 1340: 1150: 825: 673: 659: 651: 20: 764:"James III & VIII", The Old Pretender 2356:Great Britain and Ireland and the United 647:(Louisiana State University Press, 1982) 628:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 419:Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain 352: 500: 483:Robson, Peter, Rodger, Johnny (2017). 3720:Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1746 3606:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly 7: 3677:United Kingdom statutory instruments 569:. Johnstone & Hunter. p. 8. 173:(1690-1764) who drafted the 1746 Act 171:Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke 769:"Charles III", The Young Pretender 458:(2011 ed.). Pimlico. p.  105:Revised text of statute as amended 14: 1171:Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1715 522:Original text of the Act of Union 393:Original text of the Act of Union 359:The citation of this Act by this 196:John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll 1216:Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1746 1133: 32: 3578:Acts of the Scottish Parliament 1095:Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore 124:passed in the aftermath of the 3682:Scottish statutory instruments 1236:Old military roads of Scotland 1050:War of the Austrian Succession 1020:Capture of Eilean Donan Castle 703:Independent Highland Companies 1: 3699:Church of England instruments 1378:Pre-parliamentary legislation 1231:Traitors Transported Act 1746 995:War of the Quadruple Alliance 600:(1, Scottish Special): 47–72. 154:Since Article XX of the 1707 1409:the Kingdom of Great Britain 786:Sophie, Electress of Hanover 260:. Other recipients included 1226:Treason Outlawries Act 1748 624:Pelham, Henry (1694–1754) 567:Memoirs of Sir Andrew Agnew 442:, accessed 27 August 2008. 98:Status: Current legislation 39:Parliament of Great Britain 3761: 720:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 594:Journal of British Studies 421:. 20 Geo. II (c. 43). 1746 287:'s outdated belief in the 271:In speaking for the Bill, 18:United Kingdom legislation 2037:Acts of Parliament of the 1131: 840:Williamite War in Ireland 688: 198:(1693-1770); paid £25,000 31: 26: 2354:of the United Kingdom of 2040:Kingdom of Great Britain 1385:List of English statutes 1206:Act of Proscription 1746 1005:Marquess of Tullibardine 527:26 February 2015 at the 398:26 February 2015 at the 331:Act of Proscription 1746 243:High Court of Justiciary 76:Kingdom of Great Britain 71:Territorial extent  3725:Jacobite rising of 1745 1823:Interregnum (1642–1660) 1010:General Joseph Wightman 875:Battle of Killiecrankie 565:Macrie, Thomas (1850). 455:Scotland: a New History 452:Lynch, Michael (1992). 369:Interpretation Act 1978 266:sheriff of Wigtownshire 126:Jacobite rising of 1745 2017:Parliament of Scotland 1080:Battle of Falkirk Muir 895:Declaration of Finglas 781:Act of Settlement 1701 363:was authorised by the 234: 226:the fines imposed. 199: 184: 174: 3740:Judiciary of Scotland 3669:Secondary legislation 2324:Parliament of Ireland 1416:Parliament of England 1070:Battle of Prestonpans 1030:Battle of Coille Bhan 1015:Anglo-French Alliance 975:Battle of Sheriffmuir 940:1715 general election 365:Short Titles Act 1896 289:divine right of kings 232: 194: 179: 169: 3745:Scottish clan chiefs 3590:Acts of Senedd Cymru 3521:European Communities 1390:Charter of Liberties 1258:"James III and VIII" 1025:Battle of Glen Shiel 810:Royal Stuart Society 806:Neo-Jacobite Revival 750:William III & II 204:1745 Jacobite Rising 3495:Halsbury's Statutes 1407:of states preceding 1405:Acts of parliaments 1250:Jacobite succession 890:Battle of the Boyne 885:Massacre of Glencoe 870:General Hugh Mackay 759:Jacobite succession 745:Glorious Revolution 715:Union of the Crowns 622:Kulisheck, P. J., " 256:and £25,000 to the 241:transferred to the 212:Act of Proscription 23: 3501:Legislation.gov.uk 2352:Acts of Parliament 1185:Indemnity Act 1717 1176:Disarming Act 1715 1090:Battle of Culloden 1085:Siege of Inverness 1065:Duke of Cumberland 1055:Lord George Murray 970:Siege of Inverness 910:Treaty of Limerick 850:King William's War 740:James II & VII 336:Disarming Act 1716 235: 200: 175: 91:Acts of Union 1707 3707: 3706: 3692:Acts of Adjournal 3663: 3662: 3655:1972–2009/2015–16 3628:Orders in Council 3544:Church of England 3538: 3537: 2032: 2031: 1899:Habeas Corpus Act 1810:Petition of Right 1337: 1336: 1298:"Robert I and IV" 1244: 1243: 1221:Sheriffs Act 1747 1139:a Jacobite banner 1129: 1128: 1075:Siege of Carlisle 965:Battle of Preston 905:Siege of Limerick 900:Battle of Aughrim 880:Battle of Dunkeld 865:Patrick Sarsfield 613:Browning, p. 173. 582:Browning, p. 172. 545:National Archives 145:sheriff-principal 122:Act of Parliament 110: 109: 82:Other legislation 27:Act of Parliament 3752: 3730:1746 in Scotland 3687:Acts of Sederunt 3647:Northern Ireland 3642: 3515:relating to the 3512: 1413: 1364: 1357: 1350: 1341: 1268:"Henry IX and I" 1151: 1147:and later events 1137: 860:Sir Ewen Cameron 826: 821:Jacobite risings 735:The Killing Time 675: 668: 661: 652: 631: 620: 614: 611: 602: 601: 589: 583: 580: 571: 570: 562: 556: 555: 553: 551: 537: 531: 519: 513: 512: 506: 498: 480: 474: 473: 449: 443: 437: 431: 430: 428: 426: 411: 402: 390: 384: 378: 372: 357: 262:Sir Andrew Agnew 254:Duke of Hamilton 143:The position of 120:. c. 43) was an 72: 36: 35: 24: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3749: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3659: 3640: 3622: 3567:Legislation of 3562: 3534: 3510: 3490: 3362: 2859: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2317: 2038: 2028: 2012: 1408: 1399: 1373: 1368: 1338: 1333: 1240: 1201:Jurors Act 1745 1189: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1125: 1099: 1041: 1034: 986: 979: 921: 914: 855:Viscount Dundee 845:Nine Years' War 831: 815: 684: 679: 640: 635: 634: 621: 617: 612: 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1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1439:Temp. incert. 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1263:"Charles III" 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1166:Clan Act 1715 1164: 1162: 1161:Riot Act 1714 1159: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1136: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1106: 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Retrieved 544: 535: 517: 484: 478: 454: 447: 435: 423:. Retrieved 418: 388: 376: 355: 311: 303:Henry Pelham 294: 282: 270: 251: 247:Act of Union 236: 220: 216: 201: 180: 176: 153: 142: 113: 111: 15: 1395:Magna Carta 1288:"Francis I" 945:Earl of Mar 935:…in England 920:The Fifteen 730:Covenanters 725:Restoration 361:short title 307:noble title 278:Montesquieu 138:clan chiefs 128:abolishing 3714:Categories 3519:(formerly 1293:"Mary III" 955:Lord Lovat 776:Queen Anne 698:Clan chief 682:Jacobitism 494:1683930886 469:0712698930 218:parishes. 87:Relates to 47:Long title 2342:1751–1800 2337:1701–1750 2133:1760–1764 2128:1755–1759 2123:1750–1754 2118:1745–1749 2113:1740–1744 2108:1735–1739 2103:1730–1734 2098:1725–1729 2093:1720–1724 2088:1715–1719 1465:1422–1460 1460:1413–1421 1455:1399–1411 1450:1377–1397 1445:1327–1376 1433:1308–1325 1428:1275–1307 1423:1225–1267 1283:"Mary II" 796:George II 503:cite book 326:Attainder 296:George II 239:Justiciar 149:the Crown 118:20 Geo. 2 63:20 Geo. 2 3569:devolved 3546:measures 1104:Abortive 791:George I 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Index

Parliament of Great Britain
Long title
Citation
20 Geo. 2
Kingdom of Great Britain
Acts of Union 1707
Revised text of statute as amended
20 Geo. 2
Act of Parliament
Jacobite rising of 1745
judicial rights
heritors
clan chiefs
sheriff-principal
the Crown
Acts of Union

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke

John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll
1745 Jacobite Rising
1746 Dress Act
Act of Proscription
Sheriffs

Justiciar
High Court of Justiciary
Act of Union
Duke of Hamilton
Duke of Argyll

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