1984:
26:
359:
Information on toxic effects of
Heteroscodratoxin-1 in humans is not available. In mice, however, it has been found that intracerebroventricular injection of 500 pmol HmTx1 induces convulsions, spasms, tremors and death within 1 hour. At 100 pmol, a less severe response develops, although death still
334:
It is thought that heteroscodratoxin-1 modifies gating of specific potassium channels by shifting the activation threshold to more positive values. As a result larger depolarizations are needed to open channels. The mechanism underlying this modification has been largely elucidated using molecular
309:
1.1, as application of this toxin to a chimeric channel which contained these regions resulted in full toxin sensitivity (compared to other chimeric channels which contained only one of either of these regions). This, therefore, indicates that both the S1-S2 and the S3-S4 domains determine toxin
317:
1.1 channel activity by inhibiting fast and slow inactivation of the channel. Hm1a prevents the movement of the voltage sensor domain IV. Hm1a and Hm1b prevent the movement of the sensor domain towards the inner part of the cell thereby inhibiting fast inactivation of the
161:
Heteroscodratoxin-1 is a basic protein (isoelectric point of 7.7) composed of 35 amino acids with a carboxylated C-terminus. Its sequence shows strong similarity with other tarantula toxins such as scodratoxin,
575:
Shiau YS, Huang PT, Liou HH, Liaw YC, Shiau YY, Lou KL (October 2003). "Structural basis of binding and inhibition of novel tarantula toxins in mammalian voltage-dependent potassium channels".
174:
backbone that consists of three crossing disulfide bridges (Cys1-Cys4/Cys2-Cys5/Cys3-Cys6). Hm1a has the following amino acid sequence: ECRYLFGGCSSTSDCCKHLSCRSDWKYCAWDGTFS. Its
347:) serves as a binding site for Hmtx-1 forming both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bonds. Interaction between the toxin and the potassium channel induces a helical movement of S3
451:
Osteen, Jeremiah D.; Herzig, Volker; Gilchrist, John; Emrick, Joshua J.; Zhang, Chuchu; Wang, Xidao; Castro, Joel; Garcia-Caraballo, Sonia; Grundy, Luke (June 2016).
339:
2.1 potassium channel which is highly expressed in mammalian neurons and interacts strongly with heteroscodratoxin-1. In this model the C-terminal residue of the K
629:
1576:
786:
915:
907:
297:
Physiologically probably more important than its action on potassium channels is its action on the voltage-gated sodium channel Na
911:
799:
651:
227:
125:
885:
1014:
1704:
1661:
326:
1.1 channel by preventing a current reduction in the ion channel, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated.
1166:
810:
805:
2008:
925:
305:= 38 ± 6 nM). More specifically, it is thought that Hm1a targets the domain IV S3-S4 loop and the S1-S2 loop of Na
1215:
45:
999:
987:
791:
780:
518:"Pharmacology of the Nav1.1 domain IV voltage sensor reveals coupling between inactivation gating processes"
409:"Novel tarantula toxins for subtypes of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the Kv2 and Kv4 subfamilies"
110:(also known as κ-theraphototoxin-Hm1a, κ-TRTX-Hm1a, δ-theraphotoxin-Hm1a, δ-TRTX-Hm1a, Hm1a or HmTx1) is a
2018:
971:
729:
171:
1822:
1457:
818:
145:
116:
2013:
1009:
644:
464:
254:
4.3 conductance at a potential of 0 mV. No significant effect on other A-type rapidly inactivating (K
1987:
1925:
1095:
1053:
930:
761:
351:
resulting in limited spatial freedom of the S4-segment which is responsible for channel gating.
1930:
1874:
1161:
592:
557:
539:
516:
Osteen, Jeremiah D.; Sampson, Kevin; Iyer, Vivek; Julius, David; Bosmans, Frank (2017-06-12).
498:
480:
428:
1869:
1687:
1293:
1209:
1151:
957:
584:
547:
529:
488:
472:
420:
175:
1952:
1857:
1452:
1107:
1004:
849:
824:
709:
637:
408:
85:
468:
1894:
1442:
1382:
1205:
1197:
944:
898:
667:
552:
517:
493:
452:
132:
2002:
1970:
note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species
1884:
1827:
1581:
1544:
1492:
1437:
1422:
1298:
1258:
1201:
995:
844:
767:
1947:
1937:
1920:
1889:
1837:
1801:
1760:
1714:
1651:
1554:
1477:
1412:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1225:
1039:
875:
672:
25:
453:"Selective spider toxins reveal a role for the Nav1.1 channel in mechanical pain"
1910:
1864:
1852:
1709:
1656:
1606:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1462:
1447:
1313:
981:
952:
772:
750:
687:
677:
95:
1942:
1879:
1796:
1774:
1719:
1682:
1626:
1596:
1586:
1527:
1517:
1502:
1487:
1482:
1467:
1387:
1372:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1230:
920:
880:
697:
692:
167:
111:
61:
543:
484:
378:"Kappa-theraphotoxin-Hm1a - Heteroscodra maculata (Togo starburst tarantula)"
1847:
1842:
1832:
1812:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1699:
1611:
1427:
1407:
1397:
1357:
1352:
1332:
1303:
1253:
1235:
1188:
1180:
1087:
1071:
682:
534:
231:
163:
150:
121:
30:
596:
561:
502:
432:
1750:
1730:
1641:
1636:
1601:
1591:
1566:
1522:
1472:
1417:
1392:
1377:
1342:
1337:
1268:
1220:
1193:
1139:
1067:
1061:
1047:
1033:
1024:
720:
613:
407:
Escoubas P, Diochot S, Célérier ML, Nakajima T, Lazdunski M (July 2002).
66:
476:
424:
377:
1905:
1367:
1362:
1347:
1308:
1283:
1120:
1100:
740:
617:
588:
1672:
1646:
1616:
1432:
1134:
1115:
863:
623:
129:
1621:
1537:
1532:
1402:
1323:
662:
219:
211:
203:
195:
187:
186:
Heteroscodratoxin-1 inhibits subtypes of both delayed rectifier (
1786:
1694:
302:
633:
322:
1.1 channel. Hm1a also inhibits the slow inactivation of the Na
1631:
294:
LQT1), or on sodium and calcium channels has been observed.
143:
Heteroscodratoxin-1 can be obtained from venom glands of
170:-1 family of inhibitory spider peptides based on its
1903:
1810:
1784:
1773:
1728:
1670:
1564:
1553:
1322:
1179:
1150:
1086:
1023:
970:
943:
896:
862:
835:
748:
739:
728:
719:
708:
230:. At a concentration of 100-300 nM, in transfected
166:and SGTx1. Structurally the protein belongs to the
91:
81:
76:
60:
52:
40:
35:
18:
522:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
262:3.4) or delayed rectifier potassium channels (K
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
645:
626:from the Toxin, Toxin-target database website
8:
1781:
1561:
868:
745:
736:
725:
716:
652:
638:
630:
124:) that shifts the activation threshold of
73:
1577:Androctonus australis hector insect toxin
551:
533:
492:
369:
15:
7:
446:
444:
442:
202:) and A-type rapidly inactivating (
931:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)
624:Toxin card for Heteroscodratoxin-1
153:or Togo starburst baboon spider).
14:
1983:
1982:
228:voltage-gated potassium channels
126:voltage-gated potassium channels
114:produced by the venom glands of
24:
1015:Extracellular adenylate cyclase
577:Chemical Research in Toxicology
1:
1167:Fibronectin binding protein A
310:sensitivity and selectivity.
135:to more positive potentials.
335:docking simulation for the K
908:Staphylococcus aureus alpha
886:Panton–Valentine leukocidin
2035:
926:Toxic shock syndrome toxin
1978:
1965:
1823:(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A
871:
380:. Uniprot.org. 2011-09-21
72:
23:
1216:beta-Nitropropionic acid
128:and the inactivation of
1000:Heat-labile enterotoxin
991:heat-stable enterotoxin
535:10.1073/pnas.1621263114
1109:Bacillus thuringiensis
413:Molecular Pharmacology
360:occurs after 2 hours.
178:is 3,995.61 Da.
146:Heteroscodra maculata
117:Heteroscodra maculata
46:Heteroscodra maculata
1010:Pseudomonas exotoxin
313:Hm1a enhances the Na
614:Heteroscodratoxin-1
477:10.1038/nature17976
469:2016Natur.534..494O
425:10.1124/mol.62.1.48
108:Heteroscodratoxin-1
19:Heteroscodratoxin-1
2009:Ion channel toxins
1926:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
1096:Lipopolysaccharide
1054:Pore-forming toxin
343:2.1 S3-segment (S3
234:it blocks 23% of K
1996:
1995:
1961:
1960:
1931:Beta-Bungarotoxin
1875:Pumiliotoxin 251D
1769:
1768:
1175:
1174:
1162:Clumping factor A
1082:
1081:
966:
965:
939:
938:
858:
857:
589:10.1021/tx0341097
528:(26): 6836–6841.
463:(7608): 494–499.
250:4.2, and 43% of K
105:
104:
101:
100:
2026:
1986:
1985:
1914:
1870:Histrionicotoxin
1816:
1790:
1782:
1734:
1688:Alpha-latrotoxin
1676:
1570:
1562:
1294:Sterigmatocystin
1246:, Fumonisin B3,
1210:epsilon-amanitin
1129:B. thuringiensis
958:Diphtheria toxin
901:
869:
838:
754:
746:
737:
726:
717:
654:
647:
640:
631:
601:
600:
572:
566:
565:
555:
537:
513:
507:
506:
496:
448:
437:
436:
404:
389:
388:
386:
385:
374:
176:molecular weight
149:(Togo starburst
120:(Togo starburst
74:
48:
28:
16:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1974:
1957:
1953:Cardiotoxin III
1909:
1904:
1899:
1811:
1806:
1785:
1777:
1765:
1729:
1724:
1671:
1666:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1453:Resiniferatoxin
1318:
1171:
1153:
1146:
1111:delta endotoxin
1078:
1019:
1005:Pertussis toxin
973:
962:
935:
897:
892:
854:
850:Listeriolysin O
836:
831:
749:
731:
711:
704:
658:
610:
605:
604:
583:(10): 1217–25.
574:
573:
569:
515:
514:
510:
450:
449:
440:
406:
405:
392:
383:
381:
376:
375:
371:
366:
357:
350:
346:
342:
338:
332:
325:
321:
316:
308:
300:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
223:
215:
207:
199:
191:
184:
159:
141:
133:sodium channels
44:
31:
12:
11:
5:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1895:Zetekitoxin AB
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:Pseudaconitine
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1383:Djenkolic acid
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1206:gamma-amanitin
1198:alpha-amanitin
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
993:
985:
978:
976:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:
960:
955:
949:
947:
945:Actinomycetota
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
904:
902:
899:Staphylococcus
894:
893:
891:
890:
889:
888:
878:
872:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
847:
841:
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
828:
827:
815:
814:
813:
808:
796:
795:
794:
789:
777:
776:
775:
770:
757:
755:
743:
734:
723:
714:
706:
705:
703:
702:
701:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
659:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
628:
627:
621:
609:
608:External links
606:
603:
602:
567:
508:
438:
390:
368:
367:
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340:
336:
331:
330:Mode of action
328:
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291:
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283:
279:
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64:
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54:
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49:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2031:
2020:
2019:Spider toxins
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Samandaridine
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:Marinobufagin
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Batrachotoxin
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Charybdotoxin
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Solauricidine
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Protoanemonin
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Oenanthotoxin
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Trichothecene
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Ibotenic acid
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:beta-amanitin
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:Cholera toxin
994:
992:
990:
986:
983:
980:
979:
977:
975:
969:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
946:
942:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
903:
900:
895:
887:
884:
883:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
865:
861:
851:
848:
846:
845:Anthrax toxin
843:
842:
840:
834:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
801:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
774:
771:
769:
768:Tetanospasmin
766:
765:
764:
763:
759:
758:
756:
752:
747:
744:
742:
738:
735:
733:
727:
724:
722:
718:
715:
713:
707:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
660:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
632:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
611:
607:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
571:
568:
563:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
509:
504:
500:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
445:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
391:
379:
373:
370:
363:
361:
354:
352:
329:
327:
311:
304:
295:
246:4.1, 39% of K
242:2.2, 50% of K
238:2.1, 19% of K
233:
229:
225:
217:
209:
201:
193:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
156:
154:
152:
148:
147:
138:
136:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
75:
71:
68:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
17:
1969:
1948:Calcicludine
1938:Calciseptine
1921:Bungarotoxin
1890:Tarichatoxin
1838:Arenobufagin
1802:Tetrodotoxin
1761:Tetrodotoxin
1715:Vanillotoxin
1652:Phaiodotoxin
1555:Invertebrate
1478:Solasodamine
1413:Lotaustralin
1248:Fumonisin B4
1244:Fumonisin B2
1240:Fumonisin B1
1226:Cytochalasin
1128:
1108:
1060:
1046:
1040:Superantigen
1032:
988:
876:Streptolysin
817:
798:
779:
760:
580:
576:
570:
525:
521:
511:
460:
456:
419:(1): 48–57.
416:
412:
382:. Retrieved
372:
358:
333:
312:
296:
185:
160:
144:
142:
115:
107:
106:
2014:Neurotoxins
1911:Snake venom
1865:Epibatidine
1853:Cinobufagin
1710:Stromatoxin
1657:Imperatoxin
1607:Scyllatoxin
1513:Tagetitoxin
1508:Swainsonine
1498:Solauricine
1463:Solamargine
1458:Scopolamine
1448:Retronecine
1314:Zearalenone
982:Shiga toxin
953:Cord factor
792:Enterotoxin
787:Alpha toxin
781:perfringens
773:Tetanolysin
751:Clostridium
688:hepatotoxin
678:enterotoxin
668:cardiotoxin
86:Swiss-model
36:Identifiers
2003:Categories
1943:Taicatoxin
1880:Samandarin
1833:Bufotoxins
1797:Ciguatoxin
1775:Vertebrate
1720:Huwentoxin
1700:Cupiennins
1683:Latrotoxin
1627:Kaliotoxin
1597:Margatoxin
1587:Maurotoxin
1528:Toxalbumin
1518:Tinyatoxin
1503:Strychnine
1488:Solasonine
1483:Solasodine
1468:Solanidine
1388:Falcarinol
1373:Delphinine
1289:Phalloidin
1279:Ochratoxin
1274:Orellanine
1264:Lolitrem B
1231:Ergotamine
1181:Mycotoxins
1025:Mechanisms
984:/Verotoxin
921:Exfoliatin
881:Leukocidin
698:phototoxin
693:neurotoxin
384:2011-10-08
364:References
168:huwentoxin
112:neurotoxin
82:Structures
77:Search for
1848:Bufotenin
1843:Bufotalin
1813:Amphibian
1756:Saxitoxin
1746:Eledoisin
1741:Conotoxin
1612:Hefutoxin
1428:Oleandrin
1408:Linamarin
1398:Helenalin
1358:Cicutoxin
1353:Chaconine
1333:Amygdalin
1304:Vomitoxin
1254:Gliotoxin
1236:Fumonisin
1189:Aflatoxin
1152:Virulence
1088:Endotoxin
819:botulinum
800:difficile
710:Bacterial
683:hemotoxin
673:cytotoxin
616:from the
544:0027-8424
485:0028-0836
290:1.5, or K
258:1.4 and K
232:COS cells
164:hanatoxin
157:Chemistry
151:tarantula
122:tarantula
1988:Category
1751:Onchidal
1731:Mollusca
1642:Bestoxin
1637:Birtoxin
1602:Slotoxin
1592:Agitoxin
1567:Scorpion
1523:Tomatine
1473:Solanine
1418:Mimosine
1393:Gossypol
1378:Divicine
1343:Antiarin
1338:Anisatin
1269:Muscimol
1221:Citrinin
1194:Amatoxin
1140:Cry34Ab1
1068:AB toxin
1062:type III
974:negative
732:positive
721:Exotoxin
597:14565763
562:28607094
503:27281198
433:12065754
355:Toxicity
96:InterPro
41:Organism
1906:Reptile
1368:Daphnin
1363:Coniine
1348:Brucine
1309:Zeranol
1284:Patulin
1131:toxins
1121:Cry3Bb1
1101:Lipid A
1048:type II
989:E. coli
741:Bacilli
620:website
618:Uniprot
553:5495237
494:4919188
465:Bibcode
172:knottin
139:Sources
92:Domains
62:UniProt
1778:toxins
1673:Spider
1647:BmKAEP
1617:HgeTx1
1558:toxins
1433:Persin
1326:toxins
1154:factor
1135:Cry6Aa
1127:Other
1116:Cry1Ac
1034:type I
837:Other:
762:tetani
712:toxins
663:Toxins
595:
560:
550:
542:
501:
491:
483:
457:Nature
431:
286:1.2/ K
282:1.6, K
278:1.5, K
274:1.3, K
270:1.2, K
266:1.1, K
182:Target
130:Nav1.1
67:P60992
53:Symbol
1705:PhTx3
1622:HsTx1
1545:Tutin
1538:Ricin
1533:Abrin
1403:Ledol
1324:Plant
916:delta
864:Cocci
825:Botox
301:1.1 (
1787:Fish
1695:CSTX
972:Gram
912:beta
730:Gram
593:PMID
558:PMID
540:ISSN
499:PMID
481:ISSN
429:PMID
303:EC50
218:and
194:and
1662:Pi3
1632:Lq2
1072:AB5
585:doi
548:PMC
530:doi
526:114
489:PMC
473:doi
461:534
421:doi
224:4.3
216:4.2
208:4.1
200:2.2
192:2.1
56:N/A
2005::
1242:,
1208:,
1204:,
1200:,
591:.
581:16
579:.
556:.
546:.
538:.
524:.
520:.
497:.
487:.
479:.
471:.
459:.
455:.
441:^
427:.
417:62
415:.
411:.
393:^
318:Na
226:)
210:,
1913::
1908:/
1815::
1789::
1733::
1675::
1569::
1250:)
1238:(
1212:)
1196:(
1070:/
998:/
914:/
910:/
811:B
806:A
753::
653:e
646:t
639:v
599:.
587::
564:.
532::
505:.
475::
467::
435:.
423::
387:.
349:C
345:C
341:V
337:V
324:v
320:v
315:v
307:v
299:v
292:V
288:V
284:V
280:V
276:V
272:V
268:V
264:V
260:V
256:V
252:V
248:V
244:V
240:V
236:V
222:V
220:K
214:V
212:K
206:V
204:K
198:V
196:K
190:V
188:K
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