736:
778:
exit onto an off-ramp from the rightmost lane. After demerging from right-turning traffic, they complete their left turn by crossing both highways on a flyover ramp or underpass. The penultimate step is a merge with the right-turn on-ramp traffic from the opposite quadrant of the interchange. Finally, an on-ramp merges both streams of incoming traffic into the left-bound highway. As there is only one off-ramp and one on-ramp (in that respective order), stacks do not suffer from the problem of weaving, and due to the semi-directional flyover ramps and directional ramps, they are generally safe and efficient at handling high traffic volumes in all directions.
502:
2333:
248:
197:
1880:
1133:
1339:
129:
1793:
2290:) is an interchange with loops ramps in one to three quadrants, and diamond interchange ramps in any number of quadrants. The various configurations are generally a safer modification of the cloverleaf design, due to a partial or complete reduction in weaving, but may require traffic lights on the lesser-travelled crossroad. Depending on the number of ramps used, they take up a moderate to large amount of land, and have varying capacity and efficiency.
1947:
2460:
837:
2055:
878:
1621:
1578:
2240:
866:
1872:
2507:
design is safer, more efficient, and offers increased capacity—with three light phases as opposed to four in a traditional diamond, and two left turn queues on the arterial road instead of four—the significantly wider overpass or underpass structure makes them more costly than most service interchanges. Since single-point urban interchanges can exist in rural areas, such as the interchange of
1665:
669:
532:
1728:
1205:
2124:
1262:
1924:(also known as a directional T interchange) is typically used when a three-way interchange is required for two or three highways interchanging in semi-parallel/perpendicular directions, but it can also be used in right-angle case as well. Their connecting ramps can spur from either the right or left side of the highway, depending on the direction of travel and the angle.
1932:
The directional T interchange is preferred to a trumpet interchange because a trumpet requires a loop ramp by which speeds can be reduced, but flyover ramps can handle much faster speeds. The disadvantage of the directional T is that traffic from the terminating road enters and leaves on the passing lane, so the semi-directional T interchange (see below) is preferred.
2189:
584:. A cloverleaf is the minimum interchange required for a four-legged system interchange. Although they were commonplace until the 1970s, most highway departments and ministries have sought to rebuild them into more efficient and safer designs. The cloverleaf interchange was invented by Maryland engineer Arthur Hale, who filed a patent for its design on May
2386:(DDI) or double crossover diamond interchange (DCD) is similar to a traditional diamond interchange, except the opposing lanes on the crossroad cross each other twice, once on each side of the highway. This allows all highway entrances and exits to avoid crossing the opposite direction of travel and saves one signal phase of traffic lights each.
31:
852:, and flyover ramps to serve faster and heavier traffic flows. If local and express ways serving the same directions and each roadway is connected righthand to the interchange, extra ramps are installed. The combination interchange design is commonly used to upgrade cloverleaf interchanges to increase their capacity and eliminate weaving.
2016:
highway at or near a single point, which requires both an overpass and underpass. In a two-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross each other at a different point than the surviving highway, necessitating longer ramps and often one ramp having two overpasses.
782:
interchanging highways. This makes them distinct from turbine interchanges, where pairs of left-turn ramps are separated but at the same level. There are some stacks that could be considered 5-level; however, these remain four-way interchanges, since the fifth level actually consists of dedicated ramps for
777:
A stack interchange is a four-way interchange whereby a semi-directional left turn and a directional right turn are both available. Usually, access to both turns is provided simultaneously by a single off-ramp. Assuming right-handed driving, to cross over incoming traffic and go left, vehicles first
1931:
This type of interchange features directional ramps (no loops, or weaving right to turn left) and can use multilane ramps in comparatively little space. Some designs have two ramps and the "inside" through road (on the same side as the freeway that ends) crossing each other at a three-level bridge.
793:
Stacks are significantly more expensive than other four-way interchanges are due to the design of the four levels; additionally, they may suffer from objections of local residents because of their height and high visual impact. Large stacks with multiple levels may have a complex appearance and are
2506:
A single-point urban interchange (SPUI) or single-point diamond interchange (SPDI) is a modification of a diamond interchange in which all four ramps to and from a controlled-access highway converge at a single, three-phase traffic light in the middle of an overpass or underpass. While the compact
2317:
the crossroad, and thus provide an offramp from the highway. These letters can be used together when opposite directions of travel on the controlled-access highway are not symmetrical, thus a parclo AB features a loop ramp approaching the crossroad in one direction, and beyond the crossroad in the
1927:
Directional T interchanges use flyover/underpass ramps for both connecting and mainline segments, and they require a moderate amount of land and moderate costs since only two levels of roadway are typically used. Their name derives from their resemblance to the capital letter T, depending upon the
448:
The concept of the controlled-access highway developed in the 1920s and 1930s in Italy, Germany, the United States, and Canada. Initially, these roads featured at-grade intersections along their length. Interchanges were developed to provide access between these new highways and heavily-travelled
2112:
Diamond interchanges are much more economical in use of materials and land than other interchange designs, as the junction does not normally require more than one bridge to be constructed. However, their capacity is lower than other interchanges and when traffic volumes are high they can easily
2015:
Semi-directional T interchanges are built as two- or three-level junctions, with three-level interchanges typically used in urban or suburban areas where land is more expensive. In a three-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross the surviving
1358:
is a two-level, four-way interchange. An interchange is braided when at least one of the roadways reverses sides. It seeks to make left and right turns equally easy. In a pure braided interchange, each roadway has one right exit, one left exit, one right on-ramp, and one left on-ramp, and both
1191:. A full turbine interchange features a minimum of 18 overpasses, and requires more land to construct than a four-level stack interchange; however, the bridges are generally short in length. Coupled with reduced maintenance costs, a turbine interchange is a less costly alternative to a stack.
2169:
A double roundabout diamond interchange, also known as a dumbbell interchange or a dogbone interchange, is similar to the diamond interchange, but uses a pair of roundabouts in place of intersections to join the highway ramps with the crossroad. This typically increases the efficiency of the
781:
A standard stack interchange includes roads on four levels, also known as a 4-level stack, including the two perpendicular highways, and one more additional level for each pair of left-turn ramps. These ramps can be stacked (cross) in various configurations above, below, or between the two
634:
A cloverleaf offers uninterrupted connections between two roads but suffers from weaving issues. Along the mainline, a loop ramp introduces traffic prior to a second loop ramp providing access to the crossroad, between which ingress and egress traffic mixes. For this reason, the cloverleaf
1186:
is an alternative four-way directional interchange. The turbine interchange requires fewer levels (usually two or three) while retaining directional ramps throughout. It features right-exit, left-turning ramps that sweep around the center of the interchange in a clockwise
1858:. A double-trumpet interchange can be found where a toll road meets another toll road or a free highway. They are also useful when most traffic on the terminating highway is going in the same direction. The turn that is used less often would contain the slower loop ramp.
2008:
430:
A ramp that exits in a direction opposite from the desired direction of travel, then turns toward the desired direction. Most left turn movements are provided by a semi-directional ramp that exits to the right, rather than exiting from the
1928:
angle from which the interchange is seen and the alignment of the roads that are interchanging. It is sometimes known as the "New
England Y", as this design is often seen in the northeastern United States, particularly in Connecticut.
327:(AASHTO) defines an interchange as "a system of interconnecting roadways in conjunction with one or more grade separations that provides for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways on different levels."
2100:
A diamond interchange is an interchange involving four ramps where they enter and leave the freeway at a small angle and meet the non-freeway at almost right angles. These ramps at the non-freeway can be controlled through
1323:
A variation of the windmill, called the diverging windmill, increases capacity by altering the direction of traffic flow of the interchanging highways, making the connecting ramps much more direct. There also is a
4305:
4036:
3928:
3615:
3529:
2806:
2723:
324:
1315:
A windmill interchange is similar to a turbine interchange, but it has much sharper turns, reducing its size and capacity. The interchange is named for its similar overhead appearance to the blades of a
3789:
2004:, eliminating the major disadvantage of the directional T. Semi-directional T interchanges are generally safe and efficient, though they do require more land and are costlier than trumpet interchanges.
109:, using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through the junction without interruption from crossing traffic streams. It differs from a standard
3388:
Free-flow Parclo
Interchange vs. the Cloverleaf Interchange with C-D Roads and the All-Directional Four-level Interchange: A Comparison of Geometrics, Construction Cost, and Right of Way Requirements
580:
A cloverleaf interchange is a four-legged junction where left turns across opposing traffic are handled by non-directional loop ramps. It is named for its appearance from above, which resembles a
3869:
2417:
at D549), in the 1970s. Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the freeway-to-freeway interchange between
2170:
interchange when compared to a diamond, but is only ideal in light traffic conditions. In the dogbone variation, the roundabouts do not form a complete circle, instead having a
1710:
A three-level roundabout interchange features a grade-separated roundabout which handles traffic exchanging between highways. The ramps of the interchanging highways meet at a
790:
is a 3-level stack, since the semi-directional ramps are spaced out far enough, so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional 4-level stack.
1861:
Trumpet interchanges are often used instead of directional or semi-directional T or Y interchanges because they require less bridge construction but still eliminate weaving.
1943:
in
Ontario, constructed in the early 1990s, is one of the few directional T interchanges, as most transportation departments had switched to the semi-directional T design.
1784:
These interchanges can also be used to make a "linking road" to the destination for a service interchange, or the creation of a new basic road as a service interchange.
1854:, as they concentrate all entering and exiting traffic into a single stretch of roadway, where toll plazas can be installed once to handle all traffic, especially on
3175:
4336:
3959:
3646:
3560:
2837:
2754:
320:. Junctions and interchanges are often (but not always) numbered either sequentially, or by distance from one terminus of the route (the "beginning" of the route).
2659:
2000:
ramps in all directions at a three-way interchange. However, in a semi-directional T, some of the splits and merges are switched to avoid ramps to and from the
4164:
3461:
4079:
4000:
3468:
4214:
1328:
somewhat like the diverging windmill in which left turn exits merge on the left, but it differs in that the left turn exits use left directional ramps.
3146:
2174:
shape, with the points facing towards the center of the interchange. Longer ramps are often required due to line-of-sight requirements at roundabouts.
3583:
3024:
424:
A ramp that curves toward the desired direction of travel; i.e., a ramp that makes a left turn exits from the left side of the roadway (a left exit).
4498:
3210:
3116:
305:
side of the road. For left-side driving, the layout of junctions is mirrored. Both North
American (NA) and British (UK) terminology is included.
4606:
4551:
3689:
50:. This hybrid design is based on parts of a four-level stack for highways, with a three-level-diamond interchange to handle the frontage roads.
4218:
4137:
4133:
3093:
2916:
4436:
3327:
3574:
3227:
3790:"I-40 AT I-440/ US 1/ US 64 Interchange Feasibility Study, Prepared for: North Carolina Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization"
690:
735:
4313:
4048:
3936:
3623:
3537:
3422:
3053:
2814:
2731:
1839:
Trumpet interchanges may be used where one highway terminates at another highway, and are named as such for to their resemblance to
1771:
1248:
716:
3386:
1738:
1215:
5816:
4072:
3993:
2974:
2942:
2255:
358:
is the lower-order facility that often includes at-grade intersections or roundabouts, which may pass over or under the mainline.
312:
A type of road junction linking one controlled-access highway (freeway or motorway) facility to another, to other roads, or to a
4385:
3185:
2475:
746:
4946:
3736:
2351:
2208:
2069:
1481:
1477:
648:
644:
549:
470:
54:
4381:
3764:
1890:
1151:
5821:
4936:
4921:
4536:
4391:
4165:"New Interchange and Intersection Designs: The Synchronized Split-Phasing Intersection and the Diverging Diamond Interchange"
4110:
3685:
2454:
2183:
1529:
1446:
1401:
694:
4401:
3974:
1679:
1630:
1587:
1491:
608:
35). It was designed by
Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine.
267:
4296:
4027:
3919:
3893:
3847:
3606:
3520:
2797:
2714:
1957:
216:
160:
5798:
5788:
5025:
4916:
4561:
2383:
2327:
2138:
1808:
1015:
1096:
1058:
977:
939:
5857:
5852:
5793:
5607:
5132:
4995:
1284:
901:
631:, it was referred to as a "traffic carousel" and was considered a revolutionary design at the time of its construction.
302:
2666:
5514:
5404:
4601:
4244:
783:
47:
4196:
1753:
1230:
679:
3818:
5847:
4692:
2422:
2040:
and a crossroad that is not controlled-access. A full cloverleaf may be used as a system or a service interchange.
1089:
512:
A system interchange connects multiple controlled-access highways, involving no at-grade signalised intersections.
1749:
1226:
698:
683:
506:
5803:
5622:
4478:
2635:
2298:
2037:
1485:
1371:
1367:
970:
454:
439:
An undesirable situation where traffic entering and exiting a highway must cross paths within a limited distance.
118:
3317:
196:
5783:
5509:
5504:
5479:
4596:
4516:
4429:
3352:
3081:
National
Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board (2011). "4.2.3 Weaving Segments".
2337:
2332:
1387:
1383:
652:
378:
4409:
2293:
Parclo configurations are given names based on the location of and number of quadrants with ramps. The letter
786:/bus lanes or frontage roads running through the interchange. The stack interchange between I-10 and I-405 in
4222:
3491:
3710:
2543:
2512:
1879:
501:
252:
145:
137:
4171:
3259:
3028:
2713:
Task Force on
Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10.1 – Introduction and General Types of Interchanges".
247:
5716:
5683:
5020:
4990:
4931:
4896:
4571:
3660:
2539:
2464:
2063:
2059:
1567:
1440:
526:
3199:
3124:
2964:
1137:
5678:
5015:
4906:
4506:
4106:
2563:
2547:
2434:
2414:
1132:
932:
317:
205:
201:
35:
5399:
1338:
128:
5721:
5419:
5142:
5040:
4926:
4526:
4511:
3462:"Bureau of Environment Conference Report: NHDOT Monthly Natural Resource Agency Coordination Meeting"
2402:
1884:
544:
1792:
826:). However, they consume a significantly smaller area of land compared to a cloverleaf interchange.
5673:
5547:
5266:
5222:
5110:
4962:
4901:
4657:
4642:
4637:
4531:
4465:
4422:
3439:
2932:
2631:
2573:
2551:
2193:
2128:
2049:
2025:
2021:
2017:
1940:
1936:
1395:
740:
616:
486:
474:
450:
122:
110:
4141:
5577:
5391:
5376:
5187:
5122:
5045:
5030:
4975:
4813:
4803:
4774:
4711:
4581:
4546:
4330:
4026:
Task Force on
Geometric Design (2000). "10.9.3.6.1 – Partial Cloverleaf Ramp Arrangements".
3953:
3640:
3554:
3151:
2831:
2748:
2578:
2341:
818:
612:
478:
149:
141:
4351:
3176:"The Age of the Auto: Sportsman William K. Vanderbilt II's cup race paves the way to the future"
2855:
2774:
848:) is a hybrid of other interchange designs. It uses loop ramps to serve slower or less-occupied
3417:. Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Historical Committee. pp. 79–81.
1271:
1266:
465:
24, 1915, though the conceptual roadwork was not realised until a cloverleaf opened on
December
384:"Slip road" and "Limited access ramp" redirect here. For the turn lane at an intersection, see
5637:
5450:
5440:
5371:
5321:
5060:
4941:
4779:
4751:
4736:
4721:
4591:
4586:
4576:
4309:
4044:
3932:
3619:
3533:
3418:
3089:
3082:
2912:
2866:
2810:
2727:
2442:
2394:
1951:
1946:
800:
730:
628:
133:
3918:
Task Force on
Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10 – Grade Separations and Interchanges".
3605:
Task Force on Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10 – Grade Separations and Interchanges".
3519:
Task Force on Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10 – Grade Separations and Interchanges".
2999:
2796:
Task Force on Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10.8.2 – Types of Separation Structures".
5842:
5494:
5256:
5172:
5167:
5082:
4885:
4840:
4682:
4488:
4483:
4295:
Task Force on Geometric Design, 2000 (2001). "10.9.3.4: Single-Point Diamond Interchanges".
3664:
2969:
2937:
2904:
2568:
2248:
1797:
1051:
805:
581:
434:
339:
A junction that connects a controlled-access facility to a lower-order facility, such as an
102:
2459:
5731:
5691:
5602:
5592:
5562:
5552:
5537:
5499:
5455:
5281:
5271:
5202:
4818:
4521:
2468:
2201:
2054:
1008:
809:
392:
A short section of road that allows vehicles to enter or exit a controlled-access highway.
4270:
1374:; however, the interchange was reconfigured in 2008 to a traditional stack interchange.
836:
493:
engineering firm Rudolph and Delano, based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine.
364:
A junction where all possible movements between highways can be made from any direction.
5701:
5663:
5632:
5612:
5597:
5409:
5291:
4833:
4761:
4632:
4627:
4566:
4556:
4448:
3232:
2691:
2583:
2531:
1436:
1432:
482:
344:
86:
1714:, or rotary, on a separated level above, below, or in the middle of the two highways.
877:
5836:
5711:
5668:
5617:
5557:
5522:
5489:
5356:
5306:
5296:
5197:
5127:
5117:
5010:
4980:
4869:
4828:
4746:
4622:
4456:
3899:. 2013 Design Manual (Report). Indiana Department of Transportation. 2013. p. 69
2527:
2508:
2438:
2418:
2398:
2106:
1855:
1391:
1141:
540:
461:
engineer Arthur Hale filed a patent for the design of a cloverleaf interchange on May
340:
98:
43:
39:
3005:(Report). Transport Infrastructure Ireland. December 2020. p. 6-1. DN-GEO-03041
2007:
5736:
5726:
5627:
5582:
5542:
5532:
5527:
5484:
5366:
5361:
5286:
5212:
5182:
5074:
5055:
4985:
4823:
4731:
4473:
3498:
3357:
3057:
2406:
2239:
2001:
849:
490:
125:(expressway), though they are sometimes used at junctions between surface streets.
17:
3287:
2171:
1871:
1620:
1577:
5706:
5351:
5341:
5316:
5241:
5152:
5100:
5050:
4855:
4787:
4756:
3843:
2660:"Fact Sheet: Light Horse Interchange – Westlink M7/M4 Motorway Interchange"
2197:
2123:
1673:
1664:
1277:
865:
787:
668:
640:
2891:
Torbic, Darren J.; Lucas, Lindsay M.; Harwood, Douglas W.; et al. (2017).
531:
5696:
5572:
5445:
5381:
5346:
5326:
5207:
5177:
5147:
5087:
5035:
4687:
2593:
2588:
2132:
1851:
1711:
42:. This is a complicated five-level stack interchange, due to the proximity of
2870:
2490:
2477:
2366:
2353:
2270:
2257:
2223:
2210:
2153:
2140:
2084:
2071:
1972:
1959:
1905:
1892:
1823:
1810:
1694:
1681:
1645:
1632:
1602:
1589:
1544:
1531:
1506:
1493:
1461:
1448:
1416:
1403:
1299:
1286:
1166:
1153:
1111:
1098:
1073:
1060:
1030:
1017:
992:
979:
954:
941:
916:
903:
761:
748:
564:
551:
282:
269:
231:
218:
175:
162:
69:
56:
5567:
5414:
5301:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5137:
5005:
5000:
4850:
4769:
4726:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4396:
2426:
2102:
1363:
1343:
1261:
823:
620:
385:
313:
260:
114:
2856:"Interchange Development Patterns on Interstate Highways in South Carolina"
2188:
5760:
5755:
5587:
5336:
5331:
5192:
5157:
5105:
5095:
4741:
4716:
4541:
3870:"Construction still rolling along I-95 to prepare for Express Toll Lanes"
3741:
3714:
3322:
2893:
Design of Interchange Loop Ramps and Pavement/Shoulder Cross-Slope Breaks
2516:
1993:
1317:
1145:
458:
209:
3819:"Dror Bar-Natan's Image Gallery: Knotted Objects: Baltimore Interchange"
5658:
5642:
5469:
5311:
5162:
4672:
4647:
3975:"CT Has an Absurd Number of Left Exits, the Most in New England by far"
3796:
3180:
2535:
2345:
2309:) the crossroad, and thus provide an onramp to the highway. The letter
1840:
505:
Comparison of traffic flows for some four-legged complete interchanges
153:
106:
3576:
Publication 13M – Design Manual, Part 2 Highway Design, Chapter 4
2286:
A partial cloverleaf interchange (often shortened to the portmanteau,
30:
5765:
5435:
4845:
4808:
2410:
2390:
1997:
1801:
1523:
1188:
894:
844:
A combination interchange (sometimes referred to by the portmanteau,
536:
354:
is the controlled-access highway in a service interchange, while the
309:
Freeway junction, highway interchange (NA), or motorway junction (UK)
256:
105:
to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or
4215:"I-44/Route 13 Interchange Reconstruction: Diverging Diamond Design"
2526:
Single-point interchanges were first built in the early 1970s along
1756:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1233:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4410:
How New Jersey Saved Civilization: The first cloverleaf interchange
2908:
643:
which can be upgraded to full cloverleafs if the road is extended.
301:
The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles
4390:
by the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center branch of the U.S.
3394:(Thesis). Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina State University
2458:
2331:
2238:
2187:
2122:
2053:
2006:
1945:
1878:
1870:
1791:
1663:
1337:
1260:
1131:
835:
734:
611:
The first cloverleaf in Canada opened in 1938 at the junction of
530:
370:
A junction that is missing at least one movement between highways.
325:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
246:
195:
127:
117:. Interchanges are almost always used when at least one road is a
29:
4484:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
4414:
2965:"Motorways (253 to 273) – Leaving the motorway (272 to 273)"
4445:
3265:(Report). Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada
592:
15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey, connecting New Jersey Route
4418:
5276:
1721:
1198:
662:
2895:. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
2863:
53rd Annual Meeting of Highway Research Board, Washington, DC
1280:, Netherlands was a windmill before it was renovated in 1977.
333:
A junction that connects multiple controlled-access highways.
3765:"Rare 'Turbine' Design for Charlotte's I-85/485 Interchange"
4359:(Report). Federal Highway Administration. FHWA/TX-88/1148-1
588:
24, 1915. The first one in North America opened on December
2933:"Motorways (253 to 273) – Joining the motorway (259)"
2058:
A typical diamond interchange, located at the junction of
619:. The first cloverleaf outside of North America opened in
212:, showcases directional, semi-directional, and loop ramps.
4387:
Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians
3228:"Built to Meander, Parkway Fights to Keep Measured Pace"
3088:(Report). National Academy of Sciences. pp. 45–46.
3123:. New York Department of Transportation. Archived from
1745:
1222:
3353:"New Bridge Over Raritan, 'Express Route' Opens Today"
4350:
Bonneson, James A.; Messer, Carroll J. (March 1989).
2665:. Westlink Motorway Limited. May 2006. Archived from
4298:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
4029:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
3921:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
3608:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
3522:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
3027:. Texas Department of Transportation. Archived from
2799:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
2716:
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
5774:
5745:
5651:
5468:
5428:
5390:
5232:
5221:
5073:
4960:
4877:
4868:
4796:
4701:
4615:
4497:
4464:
4455:
3361:. Camden, New Jersey. December 15, 1929. p. 23
2429:. The first DDI in the United States opened on July
457:were the first roads to feature grade-separations.
132:An aerial view of the Lakalaiva interchange in the
4353:National Survey of Single-Point Urban Interchanges
2694:. Federal Highway Administration. February 5, 2019
4105:Hughes, Warren; Jagannathan, Ram (October 2009).
1522:Eastern Ring Road and Southern Ring Branch Road,
635:interchange has fallen out of favour in place of
3260:Evolution of Interchange Design in North America
2865:. No. 508. Transportation Research Record.
1362:The first pure braided interchange was built in
4134:"I-64 Interchange at Route 15, Zion Crossroads"
2634:being the first to start construction and the
2471:, showing the single multi-phase traffic signal
4911:
4402:Detailed history of interchanges with diagrams
377:"Offramp" redirects here. For other uses, see
4430:
3711:"I-485/I-85 Turbine Interchange Design-Build"
3048:
3046:
2318:opposing direction, as in the example image.
1342:A diverging interchange at I-95 and I-695 in
8:
3253:
3251:
2854:Epps, James W.; Stafford, Donald B. (1974).
2849:
2847:
1950:Two level semi-directional T interchange in
1883:Complex T interchange of SR 85 and SR 87 in
636:
4384: – Part of the publication
4335:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4245:"Innovative Intersections and Interchanges"
4080:South Carolina Department of Transportation
4001:South Carolina Department of Transportation
3958:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3645:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3559:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3083:Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing
3058:"Cross Sections of One-Way Ramps and Loops"
2836:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2775:"The Amazing World of: Interchange Designs"
2753:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2621:Started June 1908, opened October 10, 1908.
697:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5229:
4874:
4461:
4437:
4423:
4415:
3469:New Hampshire Department of Transportation
3347:
3345:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
2994:
2992:
3584:Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
1772:Learn how and when to remove this message
1249:Learn how and when to remove this message
717:Learn how and when to remove this message
639:. Some may be half cloverleaf containing
4951:
3661:"Turbine Interchange Analysis in Lummen"
3380:
3378:
3376:
2064:Spessard L. Holland East–West Expressway
2036:Service interchanges are used between a
2020:has a three-level semi-directional T at
1325:
500:
27:Road junction that uses grade separation
4197:"Missouri Department of Transportation"
3413:Shragge, John; Bagnato, Sharon (1984).
3282:
3280:
3258:Leisch, Joel P.; Morrall, John (2014).
2651:
2605:
2389:The first DDIs were constructed in the
398:traffic is entering the highway via an
4397:Kurumi.com U.S. interchanges directory
4328:
4107:"Double Crossover Diamond Interchange"
3951:
3690:Minnesota Department of Transportation
3638:
3552:
3490:McDaniel, Dana L. (February 5, 2015).
3200:"35 cars to race on the Motor Parkway"
3147:"City Opens Bronx Park Way to Traffic"
2829:
2746:
2024:and a two-level semi-directional T at
1850:These interchanges are very common on
1800:(former John A. Macdonald) Parkway in
535:A full cloverleaf interchange between
410:traffic is exiting the highway via an
5533:Median / Central reservation
4275:Missouri Department of Transportation
4249:Virginia Department of Transportation
4219:Missouri Department of Transportation
4138:Virginia Department of Transportation
3440:"The octopus that could save Slussen"
3330:from the original on January 12, 2012
3216:from the original on October 1, 2018.
2768:
2766:
2764:
2463:Single-point urban interchange along
1988:As with a directional T interchange,
7:
4073:South Carolina Roadway Design Manual
3994:South Carolina Roadway Design Manual
3992:"10.2.7 Double Roundabout Diamond".
3438:Rundquist, Solveig (June 17, 2014).
2523:is considered the correct phrasing.
695:adding citations to reliable sources
373:Ramp (NA), or slip road (UK/Ireland)
3868:Lookingbill, Amy P. (3 July 2007).
3686:"I-94 East Metro Interchange Study"
739:A multi-level stack interchange in
5451:Risk compensation (road transport)
2313:indicated that the loop ramps are
25:
4271:"Single-Point Urban Interchanges"
3174:Adcock, Sylvia (April 12, 1998).
3054:Iowa Department of Transportation
2773:Hotchkin, Scott (20 March 2017).
2297:denotes that, for traffic on the
5817:Glossary of road transport terms
3209:. October 10, 1908. p. 10.
3155:. September 17, 1922. p. 14
3000:The Design of Major Interchanges
2975:Government of the United Kingdom
2943:Government of the United Kingdom
2521:single-point diamond interchange
2301:, the loop ramps are located in
1990:a semi-directional T interchange
1726:
1619:
1576:
1203:
876:
864:
794:often colloquially described as
667:
4071:"10.2.10 Partial Cloverleafs".
3850:from the original on 2022-05-03
3735:Andrew, Peter (July 22, 2015).
2777:. Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc
1668:Complex roundabout interchange
4392:Federal Highway Administration
4111:Federal Highway Administration
3316:Martin, Hugo (April 7, 2004).
2455:Single-point urban interchange
2449:Single-point urban interchange
2192:A parclo A4 interchange along
2184:Partial cloverleaf interchange
2178:Partial cloverleaf interchange
2011:Semi-directional T interchange
1136:A turbine interchange between
123:limited-access divided highway
1:
5799:Pavement performance modeling
5789:International roughness index
3842:Manaugh, Geoff (2005-12-29).
3763:Parsons, Jim (May 23, 2012).
3184:. p. A16. Archived from
2384:diverging diamond interchange
2328:Diverging diamond interchange
2322:Diverging diamond interchange
2127:A dumbbell interchange along
1796:A trumpet interchange on the
5794:Present serviceability index
5588:Sidewalk / Pavement
5133:Diamond grinding of pavement
3973:Milano, Lou (4 March 2022).
3737:"The art of the interchange"
1843:. They are sometimes called
1047:Some turbine-stack hybrids:
48:high-occupancy vehicle lanes
5766:Underpass / Tunnel
5761:Overpass / Flyover
5515:High-occupancy vehicle lane
5405:Driving under the influence
4479:Freeway / Motorway
4163:Chlewicki, Gilbert (2003).
1752:the claims made and adding
1229:the claims made and adding
200:An interchange between the
121:(freeway or motorway) or a
5874:
4693:Highway systems by country
3415:From Footpaths to Freeways
2612:Started 1907, opened 1922.
2452:
2325:
2181:
2047:
1565:
1090:Town and Country, Missouri
822:(being compared to boiled
808:brand of electric kitchen
728:
615:and what would become the
524:
383:
376:
5812:
5804:Granular base equivalency
5623:Traffic signal preemption
5031:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
4937:Single-point urban (SPUI)
3586:. April 2021. p. 4-4
2636:Long Island Motor Parkway
2299:controlled-access highway
2271:47.6413000°N 10.5278000°E
2117:Double roundabout diamond
1718:Three-legged interchanges
1486:Charlotte, North Carolina
971:Charlotte, North Carolina
891:Some two-level turbines:
455:Long Island Motor Parkway
119:controlled-access highway
5784:Pavement condition index
5510:High-occupancy toll lane
5505:Contraflow lane reversal
5480:Barrier transfer machine
3618:. pp. 10-72–10-76.
3288:"US Patent No. 1173505A"
2491:43.593472°N 116.393722°W
1906:37.255721°N 121.858878°W
762:31.224361°N 121.469167°E
653:New Bern, North Carolina
637:combination interchanges
604:1/9 and New Jersey Route
516:Four-legged interchanges
487:New Jersey Route 35
475:New Jersey Route 25
379:Offramp (disambiguation)
95:grade-separated junction
93:(American English) or a
4638:Express-collector setup
4132:Staff (June 13, 2013).
2367:33.656528°N 84.497639°W
2336:A diverging diamond at
2224:43.571611°N 79.789889°W
2085:28.548972°N 81.457194°W
2038:controlled-access route
1545:24.631542°N 46.803334°E
1507:35.272967°N 80.845550°W
1462:42.972487°N 85.677781°W
1417:33.521414°N 86.826513°W
1359:roadways are flipped.
840:Cloverstack Interchange
830:Combination interchange
565:35.149833°N 84.847861°W
253:Light Horse Interchange
97:(British English) is a
70:32.924222°N 96.763889°W
5822:Road types by features
5717:Raised pavement marker
5684:Constant-slope barrier
5608:Traffic directionality
5598:Street running railway
5021:Protected intersection
3385:Zhong, Hantao (2012).
2503:
2496:43.593472; -116.393722
2379:
2283:
2276:47.6413000; 10.5278000
2236:
2166:
2097:
2060:Florida State Road 435
2012:
1985:
1918:
1911:37.255721; -121.858878
1876:
1836:
1707:
1695:51.931498°N 4.438479°E
1646:52.384416°N 4.707492°E
1626:Three level roundabout
1603:50.556257°N 7.248577°E
1568:Roundabout interchange
1562:Three-level roundabout
1441:Grand Rapids, Michigan
1347:
1312:
1179:
1167:50.891694°N 4.454250°E
841:
774:
577:
527:Cloverleaf interchange
521:Cloverleaf interchange
509:
489:). It was designed by
471:Woodbridge, New Jersey
367:Incomplete interchange
295:
283:33.79806°S 150.85417°E
244:
188:
82:
5679:Concrete step barrier
5016:Offset T-intersection
3492:"Ordinance No. 12-15"
3318:"A Major Lane Change"
3117:"Bronx River Parkway"
3056:(September 1, 1995).
2638:being first to open .
2564:Free-flow interchange
2462:
2437:, at the junction of
2435:Springfield, Missouri
2372:33.656528; -84.497639
2335:
2242:
2229:43.571611; -79.789889
2191:
2154:43.88417°N 78.72222°W
2126:
2090:28.548972; -81.457194
2057:
2010:
1973:46.72836°N 6.569738°E
1949:
1882:
1874:
1856:ticket-based tollways
1824:45.41139°N 75.73528°W
1795:
1667:
1512:35.272967; -80.845550
1467:42.972487; -85.677781
1422:33.521414; -86.826513
1341:
1264:
1135:
933:Jacksonville, Florida
839:
767:31.224361; 121.469167
738:
570:35.149833; -84.847861
534:
504:
449:surface streets. The
427:Semi-directional ramp
318:motorway service area
250:
232:47.40500°N 19.31528°E
199:
176:61.46278°N 23.76944°E
131:
75:32.924222; -96.763889
33:
5722:Road surface marking
5420:Single-vehicle crash
5143:Full depth recycling
5041:Seagull intersection
4144:on November 27, 2013
4082:. February 2021. pp.
4003:. February 2021. pp.
3823:www.math.toronto.edu
3797:Parsons Brinckerhoff
3532:. pp. 803–805.
3188:on January 31, 2005.
2403:Le Perreux-sur-Marne
1922:A full Y-interchange
1885:San Jose, California
1865:T and Y interchanges
1583:Two level roundabout
1550:24.631542; 46.803334
1195:Windmill interchange
1031:35.1929°N 101.8371°W
691:improve this section
627:15, 1935. Nicknamed
545:Cleveland, Tennessee
361:Complete interchange
288:-33.79806; 150.85417
113:, where roads cross
5858:Road junction types
5853:Road infrastructure
5548:Pedestrian crossing
5111:Reinforced concrete
4947:Three-level diamond
4658:Two-lane expressway
4643:Farm-to-market road
4251:. November 17, 2020
4213:Staff (June 2011).
4177:on October 20, 2011
3699:– via ArcGIS.
3442:. Sweden: The Local
2692:"Interstate System"
2632:Bronx River Parkway
2574:Intersection (road)
2487: /
2363: /
2338:Interstate 285
2267: /
2220: /
2159:43.88417; -78.72222
2150: /
2129:Ontario Highway 401
2081: /
2050:Diamond interchange
2044:Diamond interchange
2032:Service interchange
1969: /
1935:The interchange of
1902: /
1829:45.41139; -75.73528
1820: /
1788:Trumpet interchange
1700:51.931498; 4.438479
1691: /
1651:52.384416; 4.707492
1642: /
1608:50.556257; 7.248577
1599: /
1541: /
1503: /
1458: /
1413: /
1396:Birmingham, Alabama
1332:Braided interchange
1296: /
1184:turbine interchange
1172:50.891694; 4.454250
1163: /
1112:38.6386°N 90.4497°W
1108: /
1074:42.4879°N 83.0457°W
1070: /
1027: /
993:35.3482°N 80.7335°W
989: /
955:30.2531°N 81.5163°W
951: /
913: /
856:Turbine interchange
819:Spaghetti Junctions
758: /
743:, Shanghai, China.
617:Queen Elizabeth Way
561: /
483:U.S. Route 1/9
451:Bronx River Parkway
336:Service interchange
279: /
228: /
172: /
66: /
18:Highway interchange
5578:Runaway truck ramp
5400:Driver's education
5188:Rubberized asphalt
5123:Crocodile cracking
5046:Split intersection
4814:Hierarchy of roads
4775:Single carriageway
3207:The New York Times
3152:The New York Times
2726:. p. 10.1-1.
2579:Junction (traffic)
2504:
2380:
2342:Camp Creek Parkway
2284:
2247:interchange along
2237:
2167:
2113:become congested.
2098:
2013:
1986:
1978:46.72836; 6.569738
1919:
1877:
1837:
1737:possibly contains
1708:
1672:in Rotterdam, the
1348:
1326:hybrid interchange
1313:
1300:51.8654°N 4.5154°E
1214:possibly contains
1180:
1036:35.1929; -101.8371
917:50.9994°N 5.2236°E
842:
775:
578:
510:
497:System interchange
330:System interchange
303:drive on the right
296:
245:
237:47.40500; 19.31528
208:motorways outside
189:
181:61.46278; 23.76944
83:
5848:Road interchanges
5830:
5829:
5638:Wide outside lane
5464:
5463:
5441:Automotive safety
5322:Road slipperiness
5069:
5068:
4917:Diverging diamond
4864:
4863:
4780:Single-track road
4722:Bicycle boulevard
4308:. p. 10-48.
4113:. FHWA-HRT-09-054
3931:. p. 10-32.
3844:"The knot driver"
3471:. August 16, 2017
3095:978-0-309-15548-9
2918:978-0-309-45554-1
2809:. p. 10-14.
2443:Missouri Route 13
2243:A parclo AB2, or
2109:, or turn ramps.
1952:Orbe, Switzerland
1782:
1781:
1774:
1739:original research
1259:
1258:
1251:
1216:original research
1117:38.6386; -90.4497
1079:42.4879; -83.0457
998:35.3482; -80.7335
960:30.2531; -81.5163
871:Two-level turbine
731:Stack interchange
727:
726:
719:
659:Stack interchange
600:4 (now U.S. Route
259:, the largest in
134:Tampere Ring Road
103:grade separations
16:(Redirected from
5865:
5674:Cat's eye (road)
5495:Complete streets
5267:Dead Man's Curve
5230:
5168:Pavement milling
5083:Asphalt concrete
5026:Quadrant roadway
4967:
4889:
4875:
4841:Street hierarchy
4489:Elevated highway
4462:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4416:
4406:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4358:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4303:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4221:. Archived from
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4170:. Archived from
4169:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4140:. Archived from
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4042:
4034:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3926:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3665:Jan De Nul Group
3657:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3527:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3382:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3313:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3290:. Google Patents
3284:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:on July 18, 2021
3025:"Ingress/Egress"
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2970:The Highway Code
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2938:The Highway Code
2929:
2923:
2922:
2902:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2672:on March 3, 2016
2671:
2664:
2656:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2569:Grade separation
2538:, including the
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2432:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2249:Bundesautobahn 7
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2194:Highway 407
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2026:Highway 401
2022:Highway 407
2018:Highway 412
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1941:Highway 417
1937:Highway 416
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1798:Kichi Zibi Mikan
1777:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:inline citations
1730:
1729:
1722:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1670:Kleinpolderplein
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1275:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:inline citations
1207:
1206:
1199:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1052:Warren, Michigan
1043:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
987:
986:
985:
982:
967:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
929:
928:
927:
925:
924:
923:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
880:
868:
806:Sunbeam Products
773:
772:
770:
769:
768:
763:
759:
756:
755:
754:
751:
722:
715:
711:
708:
702:
671:
663:
626:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:four-leaf clover
576:
575:
573:
572:
571:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
554:
468:
464:
421:Directional ramp
294:
293:
291:
290:
289:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
243:
242:
240:
239:
238:
233:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
187:
186:
184:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
85:In the field of
81:
80:
78:
77:
76:
71:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
21:
5873:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5808:
5776:
5770:
5741:
5732:Traffic barrier
5692:F-Shape barrier
5647:
5603:Traffic calming
5563:Reversible lane
5553:Pedestrian zone
5538:Motorcycle lane
5500:Contraflow lane
5472:time allocation
5471:
5460:
5456:Underride guard
5424:
5386:
5272:Expansion joint
5234:
5224:
5217:
5203:Stamped asphalt
5065:
4996:Continuous flow
4969:
4965:
4964:
4956:
4890:
4886:grade-separated
4883:
4882:
4860:
4819:Private highway
4792:
4697:
4611:
4493:
4451:
4443:
4404:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4301:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4225:on June 7, 2011
4212:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4145:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4086:10.2-11–10.2-12
4083:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4040:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3878:
3876:
3874:The Avenue News
3867:
3866:
3862:
3853:
3851:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3637:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3611:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3525:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3315:
3314:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3127:on 4 March 2016
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2977:. June 27, 2014
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2945:. June 27, 2014
2931:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2762:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2560:
2542:interchange in
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:Meridian, Idaho
2457:
2451:
2430:
2393:communities of
2371:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2330:
2324:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:Milton, Ontario
2186:
2180:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2107:traffic signals
2089:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2052:
2046:
2034:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1867:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1743:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1334:
1305:51.8654; 4.5154
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1255:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:Amarillo, Texas
997:
995:
991:
988:
983:
980:
978:
976:
975:
974:
959:
957:
953:
950:
945:
942:
940:
938:
937:
936:
922:50.9994; 5.2236
921:
919:
915:
912:
907:
904:
902:
900:
899:
898:
888:
887:
886:
884:
881:
873:
872:
869:
858:
832:
814:Spaghetti Bowls
766:
764:
760:
757:
752:
749:
747:
745:
744:
733:
723:
712:
706:
703:
688:
672:
661:
655:is an example.
624:
613:Highway 10
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
569:
567:
563:
560:
555:
552:
550:
548:
547:
529:
523:
518:
499:
466:
462:
446:
389:
382:
287:
285:
281:
278:
273:
270:
268:
266:
265:
264:
236:
234:
230:
227:
222:
219:
217:
215:
214:
213:
194:
180:
178:
174:
171:
166:
163:
161:
159:
158:
157:
152:) near city of
74:
72:
68:
65:
60:
57:
55:
53:
52:
51:
46:and segregated
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5871:
5869:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5835:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5702:Jersey barrier
5699:
5694:
5689:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5633:Unused highway
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5613:Traffic island
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5410:Drowsy driving
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Level crossing
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4991:Channelization
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:3-way junction
4972:
4970:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4878:
4872:
4870:Road junctions
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4834:business route
4831:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4764:
4762:Primitive road
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4633:County highway
4630:
4628:Collector road
4625:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4602:United Kingdom
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Czech Republic
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4466:Limited-access
4459:
4453:
4452:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4399:
4394:
4377:
4376:External links
4374:
4371:
4370:
4342:
4314:
4287:
4262:
4236:
4205:
4188:
4155:
4124:
4097:
4063:
4049:
4018:
3984:
3965:
3937:
3910:
3885:
3860:
3834:
3810:
3781:
3755:
3727:
3702:
3677:
3652:
3624:
3597:
3582:(6 ed.).
3566:
3538:
3511:
3482:
3453:
3430:
3423:
3405:
3372:
3341:
3301:
3276:
3247:
3236:. June 6, 1995
3233:New York Times
3219:
3191:
3166:
3138:
3121:www.dot.ny.gov
3108:
3094:
3073:
3042:
3016:
2988:
2956:
2924:
2917:
2909:10.17226/24683
2897:1.1 Background
2883:
2843:
2815:
2788:
2760:
2732:
2705:
2683:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2623:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Unused highway
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2544:St. Petersburg
2532:Tampa Bay area
2453:Main article:
2450:
2447:
2326:Main article:
2323:
2320:
2245:folded-diamond
2182:Main article:
2179:
2176:
2119:
2118:
2048:Main article:
2045:
2042:
2033:
2030:
1996:(overpass) or
1866:
1863:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1582:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1520:
1475:
1437:U.S. Route 131
1433:Interstate 196
1430:
1380:
1379:
1372:Interstate 695
1333:
1330:
1257:
1256:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1126:
1125:
1087:
1045:
1044:
1006:
968:
930:
890:
889:
882:
875:
874:
870:
863:
862:
861:
860:
859:
857:
854:
831:
828:
729:Main article:
725:
724:
675:
673:
666:
660:
657:
525:Main article:
522:
519:
517:
514:
498:
495:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
432:
428:
425:
422:
419:
393:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
348:
337:
334:
331:
328:
321:
310:
193:
190:
87:road transport
44:frontage roads
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5870:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:Noise barrier
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:Cable barrier
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Traffic lanes
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Refuge island
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Living street
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Climbing lane
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5392:Human factors
5389:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:Traffic light
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:Oversize load
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5297:Manhole cover
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Crushed stone
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Michigan left
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4963:Intersections
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4912:Directional T
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:special route
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Frontage road
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4623:Arterial road
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4607:United States
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:Types of road
4454:
4450:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4355:
4354:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4317:
4315:1-56051-156-7
4311:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4291:
4288:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4064:
4052:
4050:1-56051-156-7
4046:
4043:10-60–10-63.
4038:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4019:
4007:10.2-7–10.2-8
4002:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3940:
3938:1-56051-156-7
3934:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3861:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3835:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3799:. August 2015
3798:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3770:
3769:ENR Southeast
3766:
3759:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3728:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3642:
3627:
3625:1-56051-156-7
3621:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3598:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3541:
3539:1-56051-156-7
3535:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3512:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3470:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3424:0-7743-9388-2
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2818:
2816:1-56051-156-7
2812:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2792:
2789:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2735:
2733:1-56051-156-7
2729:
2725:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:U.S. Route 19
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:U.S. Route 23
2500:
2482:116°23′37.4″W
2470:
2466:
2465:Interstate 84
2461:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:Interstate 44
2436:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:Interstate 95
2416:
2412:
2409:at N486) and
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2262:10°31′40.08″E
2259:47°38′28.68″N
2250:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1833:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1773:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1735:This section
1733:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1655:
1622:
1612:
1579:
1569:
1561:
1554:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1487:
1483:
1482:Interstate 85
1479:
1478:Interstate 77
1476:
1471:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1397:
1393:
1392:Interstate 59
1389:
1388:Interstate 20
1385:
1384:Interstate 65
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:Interstate 95
1365:
1360:
1357:
1354:or diverging
1353:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1309:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1239:February 2022
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:This section
1210:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1147:
1143:
1142:Brussels Ring
1139:
1134:
1121:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1010:
1007:
1002:
972:
969:
964:
934:
931:
926:
896:
893:
892:
883:Turbine-stack
879:
867:
855:
853:
851:
847:
838:
834:
829:
827:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
797:
791:
789:
785:
779:
771:
753:121°28′09.0″E
742:
737:
732:
721:
718:
710:
700:
696:
692:
686:
685:
681:
676:This section
674:
670:
665:
664:
658:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
632:
630:
622:
618:
614:
609:
583:
574:
546:
542:
541:U.S. Route 64
538:
533:
528:
520:
515:
513:
508:
503:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:, connecting
472:
469:15, 1929, in
460:
456:
452:
443:
438:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:entrance ramp
401:
397:
394:
391:
390:
387:
380:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
308:
307:
306:
304:
300:
292:
262:
258:
254:
249:
241:
211:
207:
203:
198:
191:
185:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:road junction
96:
92:
88:
79:
49:
45:
41:
40:Dallas, Texas
37:
32:
19:
5737:Traffic cone
5727:Rumble strip
5628:Truck bypass
5583:Shared space
5543:Passing lane
5528:Managed lane
5485:Bicycle lane
5367:Washboarding
5362:Traffic sign
5287:Hairpin turn
5056:Texas U-turn
4986:Box junction
4880:Interchanges
4879:
4824:Route number
4732:Country lane
4474:Bike freeway
4386:
4361:. Retrieved
4352:
4345:
4319:. Retrieved
4297:
4290:
4278:. Retrieved
4274:
4265:
4253:. Retrieved
4248:
4239:
4227:. Retrieved
4223:the original
4208:
4191:
4179:. Retrieved
4172:the original
4158:
4146:. Retrieved
4142:the original
4127:
4115:. Retrieved
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4066:
4054:. Retrieved
4028:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
3987:
3978:
3968:
3942:. Retrieved
3920:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3888:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3863:
3852:. Retrieved
3837:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:
3813:
3801:. Retrieved
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3768:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3740:
3730:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3655:
3629:. Retrieved
3607:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3575:
3569:
3543:. Retrieved
3521:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3499:Dublin, Ohio
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3433:
3414:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3387:
3363:. Retrieved
3358:Courier-Post
3356:
3332:. Retrieved
3321:
3292:. Retrieved
3267:. Retrieved
3238:. Retrieved
3231:
3222:
3206:
3194:
3186:the original
3179:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3150:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:the original
3120:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3033:. Retrieved
3029:the original
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2979:. Retrieved
2968:
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2936:
2927:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2862:
2820:. Retrieved
2798:
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2737:. Retrieved
2715:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2667:the original
2654:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2525:
2520:
2505:
2479:43°35′36.5″N
2433:7, 2009, in
2388:
2381:
2358:84°29′51.5″W
2355:33°39′23.5″N
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2244:
2215:79°47′23.6″W
2212:43°34′17.8″N
2168:
2120:
2111:
2099:
2076:81°27′25.9″W
2073:28°32′56.3″N
2035:
2014:
2002:passing lane
1989:
1987:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1868:
1860:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1783:
1768:
1759:
1736:
1709:
1669:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1335:
1322:
1314:
1276:junction in
1245:
1236:
1213:
1183:
1181:
1155:50°53′30.1″N
1046:
850:traffic flow
845:
843:
833:
817:
813:
799:
796:Mixing Bowls
795:
792:
780:
776:
750:31°13′27.7″N
713:
704:
689:Please help
677:
633:
610:
596:25 and Route
579:
556:84°50′52.3″W
553:35°08′59.4″N
511:
491:Philadelphia
479:Route 4
447:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
355:
351:
298:
297:
136:between the
111:intersection
94:
90:
84:
61:96°45′50.0″W
58:32°55′27.2″N
5775:Performance
5707:Kassel kerb
5664:Botts' dots
5652:Demarcation
5352:Storm drain
5317:Road debris
5242:Aquaplaning
5235:environment
5223:Road safety
5101:Cobblestone
5051:Superstreet
4856:Winter road
4804:Concurrency
4797:Other terms
4788:Sunken lane
4757:Main street
4702:Local roads
4405:(in German)
4181:October 20,
3066:October 19,
2519:; the term
2494: /
2370: /
2307:approaching
2274: /
2227: /
2198:Mississauga
2157: /
2088: /
1976: /
1909: /
1897:121°51′32″W
1845:jug handles
1827: /
1698: /
1674:Netherlands
1649: /
1606: /
1548: /
1510: /
1465: /
1420: /
1356:interchange
1303: /
1278:Barendrecht
1270: [
1170: /
1158:4°27′15.3″E
1115: /
1077: /
1034: /
1022:101°50′14″W
996: /
958: /
920: /
897:, Belgium,
846:cloverstack
788:Los Angeles
765: /
641:ghost ramps
568: /
507:(animation)
286: /
274:150°51′15″E
235: /
192:Terminology
179: /
91:interchange
73: /
5837:Categories
5777:indicators
5746:Structures
5697:Guard rail
5573:Road verge
5446:Seat belts
5382:Snowsquall
5347:Speed bump
5327:Road train
5148:Glassphalt
5088:Bioasphalt
5061:Turnaround
5036:Roundabout
4966:(at-grade)
4932:Roundabout
4897:Cloverleaf
4752:Green lane
4688:Trunk road
4616:Main roads
4499:By country
4229:October 3,
4078:(Report).
3999:(Report).
3879:2022-05-03
3854:2022-05-03
3828:2022-05-02
3803:January 5,
3718:Retrieved
3497:. City of
2646:References
2594:Roundabout
2589:Ramp meter
2552:Clearwater
2401:at D182),
2395:Versailles
2251:in Germany
2204:, boundary
2145:78°43′20″W
2133:Clarington
2103:stop signs
1961:46°43′42″N
1894:37°15′21″N
1852:toll roads
1812:45°24′41″N
1746:improve it
1712:roundabout
1683:51°55′53″N
1634:52°23′04″N
1591:50°33′23″N
1536:46°48′12″E
1533:24°37′54″N
1498:80°50′44″W
1495:35°16′23″N
1453:85°40′40″W
1450:42°58′21″N
1408:86°49′35″W
1405:33°31′17″N
1288:51°51′55″N
1223:improve it
1103:90°26′59″W
1100:38°38′19″N
1065:83°02′45″W
1062:42°29′16″N
1019:35°11′34″N
984:80°44′01″W
981:35°20′54″N
946:81°30′59″W
943:30°15′11″N
905:50°59′58″N
801:Mixmasters
623:on October
396:Ingressing
271:33°47′53″S
223:19°18′55″E
220:47°24′18″N
167:23°46′10″E
164:61°27′46″N
101:that uses
5568:Road diet
5470:Space and
5415:Road rage
5302:Oil spill
5262:Crosswind
5252:Black ice
5247:Avalanche
5173:Permeable
5006:Jughandle
5001:Hook turn
4907:Free-flow
4851:Toll road
4770:Side road
4727:Boulevard
4683:Super two
4678:Ring road
4653:Link road
4552:Hong Kong
4507:Australia
4449:hierarchy
4331:cite book
3954:cite book
3944:August 3,
3903:August 3,
3641:cite book
3631:August 3,
3555:cite book
3504:August 5,
3475:August 5,
3240:August 1,
3159:April 13,
3131:4 October
3009:August 1,
2871:0361-1981
2832:cite book
2749:cite book
2630:With the
2427:Baltimore
2425:north of
2142:43°53′3″N
1998:underpass
1964:6°34′11″E
1815:75°44′7″W
1804:, Ontario
1762:July 2021
1750:verifying
1686:4°26′19″E
1637:4°42′27″E
1594:7°14′55″E
1364:Baltimore
1344:Baltimore
1291:4°30′55″E
1267:Vaanplein
1227:verifying
908:5°13′25″E
824:spaghetti
812:), or as
707:June 2022
678:does not
621:Stockholm
416:exit ramp
408:egressing
386:Slip lane
356:crossroad
345:collector
314:rest area
261:Australia
146:Highway 9
138:Highway 3
36:High Five
5756:Causeway
5593:Shoulder
5429:Vehicles
5377:Whiteout
5337:Rockfall
5332:Roadkill
5257:Bleeding
5233:Road and
5193:Sealcoat
5118:Corduroy
5106:Concrete
5096:Chipseal
5075:Surfaces
4927:Raindrop
4742:Driveway
4737:Dead end
4717:Backroad
4668:2+2 road
4663:2+1 road
4587:Portugal
4577:Pakistan
4382:Glossary
4363:July 27,
4321:July 27,
4280:July 27,
4255:July 27,
4148:July 30,
4117:July 30,
4090:July 27,
4056:July 27,
4011:July 30,
3979:I95 Rock
3848:Archived
3774:July 13,
3748:July 13,
3742:Politico
3720:July 13,
3715:STV Inc.
3695:July 13,
3670:July 13,
3590:July 10,
3545:July 10,
3446:July 19,
3398:July 31,
3365:July 29,
3334:July 29,
3328:Archived
3323:LA Times
3294:July 29,
3269:July 29,
3211:Archived
3101:July 27,
3035:July 18,
2981:July 26,
2949:July 26,
2876:July 27,
2822:July 30,
2781:July 25,
2739:July 27,
2698:July 27,
2676:July 29,
2558:See also
2517:Michigan
2172:teardrop
2062:and the
1841:trumpets
1378:Examples
1346:in 1998.
1318:windmill
1146:Brussels
1144:(R0) in
1140:and the
651:west of
459:Maryland
412:off-ramp
406:, while
352:mainline
341:arterial
210:Budapest
115:at grade
107:highways
5843:Bridges
5659:Bollard
5643:Woonerf
5372:Washout
5312:Pothole
5225:factors
5213:Texture
5183:Plastic
5163:Macadam
4952:Trumpet
4902:Diamond
4673:Parkway
4648:Highway
4562:Ireland
4542:Germany
4532:Croatia
4512:Belgium
3181:Newsday
2536:Florida
2530:in the
2346:Atlanta
2305:of (or
2303:advance
2196:on the
1994:flyover
1744:Please
1352:braided
1221:Please
804:(for a
741:Jing'an
699:removed
684:sources
629:Slussen
444:History
435:Weaving
400:on-ramp
154:Tampere
5752:Bridge
5436:Airbag
5208:Tarmac
5153:Gravel
4981:Bowtie
4922:Parclo
4846:Stroad
4809:Detour
4784:Street
4712:Avenue
4597:Taiwan
4582:Poland
4547:Greece
4522:Canada
4517:Brazil
4312:
4306:AASHTO
4084:
4047:
4041:
4037:AASHTO
4005:
3935:
3929:AASHTO
3622:
3616:AASHTO
3536:
3530:AASHTO
3421:
3092:
2915:
2901:
2869:
2813:
2807:AASHTO
2730:
2724:AASHTO
2540:SR 694
2431:
2411:Seclin
2391:French
2315:beyond
2288:parclo
1875:Full Y
1802:Ottawa
1524:Riyadh
1189:spiral
1092:, US,
1054:, US,
1011:, US,
973:, US,
935:, US,
895:Lummen
885:hybrid
810:mixers
625:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
537:APD-40
467:
463:
257:Sydney
144:) and
5178:Plank
5092:Brick
4942:Stack
4708:Alley
4592:Spain
4572:Nepal
4567:Italy
4557:India
4527:China
4357:(PDF)
4302:(PDF)
4200:(PDF)
4175:(PDF)
4168:(PDF)
4076:(PDF)
4039:. pp.
4033:(PDF)
3997:(PDF)
3925:(PDF)
3897:(PDF)
3793:(PDF)
3612:(PDF)
3580:(PDF)
3526:(PDF)
3495:(PDF)
3465:(PDF)
3392:(PDF)
3263:(PDF)
3214:(PDF)
3203:(PDF)
3086:(PDF)
3061:(PDF)
3003:(PDF)
2859:(PDF)
2803:(PDF)
2720:(PDF)
2670:(PDF)
2663:(PDF)
2600:Notes
2548:SR 60
2511:with
2423:I-695
2344:near
1992:uses
1274:]
649:US 17
645:US 70
543:near
481:(now
431:left.
347:road.
299:Note:
89:, an
5688:Curb
5519:Lane
5282:Ford
5198:Sett
5138:Dirt
4766:Road
4446:Road
4365:2021
4337:link
4323:2021
4310:ISBN
4282:2021
4257:2021
4231:2015
4183:2009
4150:2021
4119:2021
4092:2021
4058:2021
4045:ISBN
4013:2021
3960:link
3946:2021
3933:ISBN
3905:2021
3894:"48"
3805:2022
3776:2021
3750:2021
3722:2021
3697:2021
3672:2021
3647:link
3633:2021
3620:ISBN
3592:2021
3561:link
3547:2021
3534:ISBN
3506:2021
3477:2021
3448:2021
3419:ISBN
3400:2021
3367:2021
3336:2021
3296:2021
3271:2021
3242:2021
3161:2010
3133:2014
3103:2021
3090:ISBN
3068:2009
3037:2021
3011:2021
2983:2021
2951:2021
2913:ISBN
2903:18.
2899:. p.
2878:2021
2867:ISSN
2838:link
2824:2021
2811:ISBN
2783:2021
2755:link
2741:2021
2728:ISBN
2700:2021
2678:2021
2546:and
2513:M-59
2441:and
2421:and
2340:and
1939:and
1480:and
1435:and
1386:and
1265:The
1182:The
1138:A201
682:any
680:cite
647:and
539:and
485:and
477:and
453:and
350:The
323:The
251:The
204:and
34:The
5342:Rut
5277:Fog
5158:Ice
2905:doi
2550:in
2534:of
2515:in
2467:in
2399:A13
2131:in
1748:by
1484:in
1439:in
1394:in
1370:at
1366:at
1225:by
816:or
784:HOV
693:by
414:or
402:or
343:or
316:or
255:in
150:E63
142:E12
38:in
5839::
4333:}}
4329:{{
4304:.
4273:.
4247:.
4217:.
4136:.
4109:.
4035:.
3977:.
3956:}}
3952:{{
3927:.
3872:.
3846:.
3821:.
3795:.
3767:.
3739:.
3713:.
3688:.
3663:.
3643:}}
3639:{{
3614:.
3557:}}
3553:{{
3528:.
3467:.
3375:^
3355:.
3344:^
3326:.
3320:.
3304:^
3279:^
3250:^
3230:.
3205:.
3178:.
3149:.
3119:.
3045:^
2991:^
2973:.
2967:.
2941:.
2935:.
2911:.
2861:.
2846:^
2834:}}
2830:{{
2805:.
2763:^
2751:}}
2747:{{
2722:.
2554:.
2415:A1
2407:A4
2382:A
2200:/
2105:,
2028:.
1954:.
1887:.
1847:.
1676:.
1350:A
1320:.
1272:nl
798:,
206:M4
202:M0
4888:)
4884:(
4438:e
4431:t
4424:v
4367:.
4339:)
4325:.
4284:.
4259:.
4233:.
4202:.
4185:.
4152:.
4121:.
4094:.
4060:.
4015:.
3981:.
3962:)
3948:.
3907:.
3882:.
3857:.
3831:.
3807:.
3778:.
3752:.
3724:.
3674:.
3649:)
3635:.
3594:.
3563:)
3549:.
3508:.
3479:.
3450:.
3427:.
3402:.
3369:.
3338:.
3298:.
3273:.
3244:.
3163:.
3135:.
3105:.
3070:.
3039:.
3013:.
2985:.
2953:.
2921:.
2907::
2880:.
2840:)
2826:.
2785:.
2757:)
2743:.
2702:.
2680:.
2445:.
2413:(
2405:(
2397:(
2311:B
2295:A
1775:)
1769:(
1764:)
1760:(
1742:.
1557:)
1526:(
1519:)
1488:(
1474:)
1443:(
1429:)
1398:(
1390:/
1252:)
1246:(
1241:)
1237:(
1219:.
720:)
714:(
709:)
705:(
701:.
687:.
418:.
388:.
381:.
263:.
156:.
148:(
140:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
