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159:, that routinely denied security clearances to applicants who were known or thought to be homosexual. The group brought the suit as a class action with three named plaintiffs. DISCO's policy was to deny high-level security clearances to anyone who had participated in homosexual activity within the past fifteen years and to require more extensive review of applications for security clearances on the part of gays. The plaintiffs were employed by businesses doing work under contract to the Department of Defense.
201:; it is behavioral" and "homosexuals are not without political power". It found the Defense Department's policies were based on its determination "that counterintelligence agencies target homosexuals" and therefore were "rationally related to permissible ends". It also recognized that "Special deference must be given by the court to the Executive Branch when adjudicating matters involving their decisions on protecting classified information."
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District Court stayed the enforcement of its decision during appeal after the Department of Defense presented arguments "based on new evidence from several sources indicating that hostile intelligence agencies target persons who are especially vulnerable, and that among others, persons who are
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inheres only in family relationships, marriage and procreation, and does not extend to all private sexual conduct between consenting adults." Addressing the other criteria that would require the use of a different standard of review, the Court added that "Homosexuality is not an
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held that "under the due process clause lesbians and gay men have no fundamental right to engage in sodomy". It found that the
Defense Department's policy did not meet even its lowest standard of review, rational basis.
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Screenshot from reel 247 showing High Tech gays at 1989 Pride parade, Charles
Cyberski papers (1994-03), courtesy of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society
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prohibiting discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation in granting access to classified information".
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The Court of
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In 1984, High Tech Gays, a social organization of gay people employed in the technology industry founded in 1983 in
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For a discussion of the Court's understanding of the targeting of gay people by foreign agents, see
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determined that laws that treat gay people as a class must be reviewed under the federal courts'
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The
Constitutional Underclass: Gays, Lesbians, and the Failure of Class-Based Equal Protection
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High Tech Gays, et al. v. Defense
Industrial Security Clearance Office, et al.
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High Tech Gays, et al v. Defense
Industrial Security Clearance Office, et al
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The plaintiffs' complaint was addressed on August 2, 1995, when
President
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High Tech Gays, et al. v. Defense
Industrial Security Clearance Office
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article date the founding of the organization to 1983, not 1973.
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High Tech Gays v. Defense
Industrial Security Clearance Office
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High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office
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High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office
144:, 895 F.2d 563 (9th Cir. 1990) was a lawsuit decided by the
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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases
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gay people are considered vulnerable by these agencies."
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Discrimination against LGBTQ people in the United States
338:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 147–9.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
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258:"Managing; Gay Rights, Issue of the 90's"
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420:United States LGBTQ rights case law
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308:"Homosexuals Win Case on Security"
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275:All sources except this
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192:and writing that "the
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210:Executive Order 12968
148:on February 2, 1990.
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244:895 F.2d 563
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168:heightened scrutiny
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263:The New York Times
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110:C.D. Cal.
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367:Text of
318:July 26,
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190:Hardwick
122:Majority
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