1133:
858:, announced that the Blu-ray Association had chosen the Java-based BD-J interactivity layer instead of Microsoft's HDi. At the same time, Microsoft and Toshiba jointly announced that they would cooperate in developing high-definition DVD players. In a top-level meeting in July, Microsoft's Bill Gates argued that the Blu-ray standard had to change to "work more smoothly with personal computers". The Blu-ray Disc's representatives defended the technology.
1123:) exclusively on HD DVD. At the same time, DreamWorks Animation SKG, which had not released any high-definition discs, announced it would release exclusively on HD DVD. Explaining their decisions, the companies cited perceived advantages to HD DVD's technology and lower manufacturing costs. The companies together received about $ 150 million in cash and promotional guarantees, including a Toshiba HD DVD marketing campaign with a tie-in to
1361:
in spring 2009, the number of Blu-ray players nearly doubled its year to date 2009 sales over the same period 2008: about 9 million high-definition units sold in the U.S. from
January through March, up from the 4.8 million that sold during first-quarter 2008, according to Adams Media Research. In April 2008, the firm estimated a total of 10.5 million Blu-ray households, including Blu-ray consoles and Blu-ray-enabled PlayStation 3s.
3612:
3451:
44:
71:
1248:), roughly double the price of the PlayStation 2 and substantially higher than competing consoles. But the PS3 console sold at an estimated loss of more than US$ 200 per unit, resulting in losses estimated at about $ 3 billion. But analysts, such as Richard Cooper with Screen Digest, expected Sony to recoup far more than that through the sale of games on the system.
52:
1115:. HD DVD had Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, and Warner Bros. Pictures, while Blu-ray Disc started out with Sony Pictures, The Walt Disney Studios, and 20th Century Fox. Disney and Fox were both impressed by the extra DRM (BD+ and region coding) that the Blu-ray Disc format provided on paper. Then HD DVD supporters Warner Bros. and
883:
feature, or HP would support HD DVD instead. In a research report, Gartner analysts Van Baker, Laura
Behrens and Mike McGuire wrote that if HP's proposal were accepted, Blu-ray would become the winner of the format war. Though the Blu-ray Disc group did add mandatory managed copy to Blu-ray, they did
1360:
DVD player sales rose 5 percent in the first quarter of 2008 over the same quarter of 2007 but did not release a comparison of first quarter Blu-ray sales compared to the same quarter of 2007. At the time of the report, upconverting DVD players cost around $ 70 versus $ 300 for Blu-ray players. But
818:
discs. In spite of this decision, the DVD Forum's
Steering Committee announced in April 2002 that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition solution. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard Advanced Optical Disc, which was finally adopted by the DVD Forum and renamed
1163:
Toshiba management expressed disappointment over Warner's decision but said that
Toshiba would continue promoting the competing format. The following Monday, Toshiba reduced the price of its HD DVD players by 40 to 50 percent, calling the price a "deal breaker for the mainstream consumer". At the
1240:
console, which did not use the HD DVD add-on for gaming unlike the PS3 which had games that used the added storage capacity of Blu-ray discs. This equipment gap was a factor in Blu-ray titles (including the ones bundled with the PS3) outselling their HD DVD counterparts two to one in the United
847:). A much larger issue, though, was the physical formats of the discs themselves; the Blu-ray Disc Association's member companies did not want to risk losing billions of dollars in royalties as they had done with standard DVD. An agreement seemed close, but negotiations proceeded slowly.
861:
On August 22, 2005, the Blu-ray Disc
Association and DVD Forum announced that the negotiations to unify their standards had failed. Rumors surfaced that talks had stalled; publicly, the same reasons of physical format incompatibility were cited. At the end of September, Microsoft and
806:, was deeply split over whether to go with the more expensive blue lasers, whose discs initially required a protective caddy to avoid mishandling, making the medium more expensive and physically different from DVDs. In March 2002, the forum voted to approve a proposal endorsed by
1256:
In
November 2007, the popular audio-visual discussion site AVS Forum temporarily closed its HD-DVD and Blu-ray discussion forums because of, as the site reported, "physical threats that have involved police and possible legal action" between advocates of the rival formats.
1231:
video game console also helped ensure the format's eventual triumph. By the time
Toshiba ceded the market, about 10.5 million of the Sony consoles had been sold worldwide versus an estimated 1 million HD DVD players—including both standalone units and the add-on player for
819:"HD DVD" the following year after being voted down twice by Blu-ray Disc Association members, prompting the U.S. Department of Justice to make preliminary investigations. Three new members had to be invited and the voting rules changed before the initiative finally passed.
728:'s strong involvement in both episodes. These format wars have often proved destructive to both camps because consumers, afraid of committing to a losing standard, would refrain from purchasing either. Format wars have been avoided in notable cases such as the
1355:
Toshiba's pullout did not have an immediate significant effect on stand-alone Blu-ray player sales, which rose 2 percent from
February to March 2008, after falling 40 percent between January and February, according to NPD Group. NPD noted that
887:
HD DVD players and movies were released in the United States on April 18, 2006. The first Blu-ray Disc titles were released on June 20, 2006, and the first movies using dual layer Blu-ray discs (50 GB) were introduced in
October 2006.
1095:
The format war's resolution in favour of Blu-ray was primarily decided by two factors: shifting business alliances, including decisions by major film studios and retail distributors, and Sony's decision to include a Blu-ray player in the
834:
In an attempt to avoid a costly format war, the Blu-ray Disc
Association and DVD Forum started to negotiate a compromise in early 2005. One of the issues was that Blu-ray's supporters wanted to use a Java-based platform for interactivity
1144:, at the time the largest U.S. movie rental company, moved to Blu-ray exclusively in 1450 stores after test-marketing both formats at 250 stores and finding that more than 70% of high definition rentals were Blu-ray discs. In July 2007,
1339:
has supported basic filesystem and shell functionality for both Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD since launch, relying on third parties to implement movie playback. A Blu-ray drive was not released for the Xbox 360, but its successor, the
759:
televisions into the mainstream market in the mid-2000s. Consumer-grade high definition players required an inexpensive storage medium capable of holding the larger amount of data needed for HD video. The breakthrough came with
1315:
in becoming the studio's first Blu-ray releases since becoming HD DVD exclusive. In April 2009, Warner Home Video announced it would trade up to 25 HD DVDs for the Blu-ray equivalents, charging only for shipping and handling.
1176:
analyst Hiroyuki Shimizu predicted that while the price cut might extend HD DVD's life somewhat, the limited title library would ultimately "inflict fatal damage on the format", leaving Blu-ray the victor by the end of 2008.
1159:
in Las Vegas, some HD DVD-related events and private meetings with analysts and retailers were canceled, including an event scheduled for the eve of the show sponsored by the North American HD DVD Promotional Group.
1207:
to run a mock obituary for the HD DVD format. The newspaper quoted technology analyst Rob Enderle's contention that if Walmart "says HD DVD is done, you can take that as a fact." Four days earlier,
692:
Blu-ray and HD DVD players became commercially available starting in 2006. In early 2008, the war ended when several studios and distributors shifted to Blu-ray disc. On February 19, 2008,
1172:" in an effort to increase market share and "win back the studios". Richard Greenfield of Pali Capital called the move a gimmick and predicted that HD DVD would not become widely adopted.
2920:
1119:
added support for Blu-ray. But in August 2007, after supporting Blu-ray for over a year, Paramount announced it would release all high-definition content (except titles directed by
1269:
announced it would release its titles in the Blu-ray Disc format, following two years of exclusive HD DVD support. The studio subsequently released its final two HD DVD titles:
2726:
2280:
3539:
3316:
1998:
1370:
823:
28:
3026:
2308:
1695:
1203:'s February 15, 2008, decision to phase HD DVD out completely by June 2008. Walmart is the largest DVD retailer in the United States, and its decision prompted the
3399:
2411:
1215:, the largest online video rental service, began phasing out its HD DVD inventory after stocking both formats since early 2006. In January 2008, UK retailer
2771:
2484:
1244:
Sony's strategy came at a cost. The company initially priced the PlayStation 3 at $ 599 for the 60 GB model and $ 499 for a 20 GB (released outside the
2294:
1148:
began carrying only Blu-ray standalone players in its stores, promoting them with end cap displays featuring Blu-ray Disc movies from Sony and Disney.
3565:
3377:
3107:
2560:
2060:
366:
3014:
3043:
2029:
1265:
On February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would cease developing, manufacturing and marketing HD DVD players and recorders. On that same day,
1184:
followed suit, canceling tentative plans to release titles on HD DVD. Other small studios and producers moving exclusively to Blu-ray included
646:
2690:
2175:"Disclosure of Specifications for Large Capacity Optical Disc Recording Format Utilizing Blue-Violet Laser Blu-ray Disc Begins (May 20, 2002)"
1665:
1485:
1967:
1937:
2928:
3409:
3174:
1155:, which has the largest market share of DVDs, announced plans to drop HD DVD support completely as of the beginning of June 2008. At the
1111:
Studio alliances shifted over time. Before October 2005 and the release of either format, each had the exclusive support of three of the
105:
2712:
1798:
3404:
2904:
2876:
1411:
2730:
3652:
3596:
3243:
3200:
1287:
1056:
2353:
2206:
1903:
1516:
2441:
3488:
960:
to the 13 above-mentioned companies, Contributors of 22 companies, General members of 37 companies, and a total of 73 companies.
613:
2006:
1767:
3522:
3030:
457:
340:
3003:
2745:
2613:
3570:
3372:
3082:
1547:
880:
531:
266:
1044:, Venturer Electronics. In Europe, HD DVD was supported either exclusively or non-exclusively by Medusa Home Entertainment,
2248:
1635:
1604:
3647:
2220:
1721:
3657:
2639:
2144:
110:
2188:
1297:
becoming the studio's last HD DVD releases, both released on March 4, 2008. The studio scrapped the HD DVD version of
1185:
1017:
855:
574:
519:
464:
1736:
639:
333:
147:
27:
This article is about history of the Blu-ray/HD DVD video format war. For comparative HD optical disc formats, see
2419:
1156:
1141:
579:
3133:
2796:
1281:
on March 18. On February 20, 2008, Paramount Pictures announced it would back Blu-ray, becoming the last of the
3393:
3284:
2323:
2235:"New HD DVD Promotion Group to Expedite Commercialization of HD DVD Hardware and Software (September 27, 2004)"
953:
796:
526:
2829:
2090:
1327:
technologies could be applied to other platforms. Microsoft's VC-1 codec is already in use in Blu-ray titles;
1132:
1025:
3272:
3111:
2564:
897:
450:
319:
286:
2497:
2068:
1084:
681:
The two formats emerged between 2000 and 2005 and attracted both the mutual and exclusive support of major
1029:
876:
844:
478:
326:
100:
95:
3637:
3454:
3435:
3236:
2665:
1277:
780:
741:
675:
632:
587:
443:
436:
32:
2535:
1858:
17:
3481:
3056:
2587:
2516:
2117:
2037:
1385:
1293:
1216:
1164:
time, analyst Roger Kay of Endpoint Technologies Associates likened the price cut to the high-stakes
999:
713:
682:
558:
537:
522:
312:
3155:
2951:
3554:
2877:"Netflix, Citing a Clear Signal From the Industry, Will Carry High-Def DVDs Only in Blu-ray Format"
2174:
1975:
1331:
encodes the main features of all titles in the format but encodes supplements and bonus content in
1320:
1068:
983:
913:
784:
773:
387:
1945:
1459:
3201:"Analyst: '09 YTD Blu-ray sales double those of '08, 10.5 million Blu-ray households in the U.S."
1193:
1145:
1116:
1100:
1064:
967:
122:
90:
1885:"Why blu-ray vs. HD-DVD ist not VHS vs. Betamax: the co-evolution of standard-setting consortia"
1673:
1493:
3425:
3278:
2460:
2214:
1715:
1375:
1266:
1112:
1076:
1072:
925:
686:
563:
493:
429:
3549:
3295:
3229:
1806:
1349:
1311:
1120:
957:
851:
298:
2901:
2880:
3642:
3615:
3474:
3311:
2982:
2961:
2908:
2854:
2234:
1832:
1429:
1380:
1189:
1181:
1125:
975:
941:
869:
791:
exhibition in October 2000. On February 19, 2002, the project was officially announced as
2189:"Blu-ray Disc Founders Open the Door for Blu-ray Disc Association To Welcome New Members"
1911:
689:
manufacturers, television and movie producers and distributors, and software developers.
1524:
43:
3430:
2445:
1936:
Cliff Edwards; Peter Burrows; Ronald Grover; Tom Lowry; Kenji Hall (October 17, 2005).
1577:
1204:
991:
979:
963:
905:
873:
761:
183:
167:
163:
115:
956:
was inaugurated on October 4, 2004, by 14 companies of Board of Directors which added
3631:
1775:
1336:
1282:
1271:
1228:
1097:
1007:
901:
769:
545:
485:
2266:
1055:
During the height of the format war, some studios supported both formats, including
3516:
3290:
2267:"First Look Brings 'King of California,' 'Amateur' to HD DVD; Adds Blu-ray Support"
1884:
1555:
1357:
1328:
1152:
1045:
807:
792:
671:
471:
142:
85:
62:
2385:
1227:
Sony's decision to incorporate a Blu-ray Disc player as a standard feature of the
1219:
said it would stock only Blu-ray discs in its 820 stores beginning in March 2008.
678:
video and audio; it took place between 2006 and 2008 and was won by Blu-ray Disc.
2816:
1319:
Microsoft ceased production of Xbox 360 HD DVD players while considering how its
3357:
3326:
2252:
1643:
1612:
1335:. Microsoft has since entered into talks with Sony regarding Blu-ray; although,
1060:
811:
2817:
Wal-Mart - Wal-Mart Moving Exclusively Toward Blu-ray Format Movies and Players
1744:
872:(HP) proposed an ultimatum for the Blu-ray Disc Association: adopt Microsoft's
3560:
3341:
2442:"Paramount and DreamWorks Animation Each Declare Exclusive Support for HD DVD"
1245:
945:
933:
765:
701:
697:
568:
360:
290:
2713:"hddvd.com - New line titles delayed for HD DVD due to lack of region coding"
2152:
1211:
began recommending Blu-ray Disc as the customer's digital format choice, and
31:. For the High-definition optical disc audio format war (DVD-A vs SACD), see
3591:
2358:
2192:
1299:
1233:
1169:
1165:
1049:
1033:
909:
840:
729:
593:
414:
356:
262:
258:
238:
230:
195:
1445:
Surviving a Standards War: Lessons Learned from the Life and Death of DIVX
70:
51:
2534:
Waters, Richard Waters; Paul Taylor; Mariko Sanchanta (January 6, 2006).
1345:
1341:
1305:
1237:
1208:
553:
500:
395:
352:
234:
226:
179:
175:
171:
2902:
Netflix Shuns HD DVD for Blu-Ray Format: Financial News - Yahoo! Finance
1285:
to do so. Paramount ceased HD DVD production on February 28, 2008, with
3367:
3266:
3252:
2855:"Best Buy to Recommend Blu-ray as the Customer's Digital Format Choice"
1212:
1200:
1173:
1013:
995:
921:
917:
803:
721:
693:
664:
400:
294:
281:
274:
270:
250:
246:
207:
191:
696:
officially announced that it would stop the development of the HD DVD
38:
Format war in the mid to late 2000s between HD DVD, HD VMD and Blu-ray
3511:
3497:
1332:
788:
668:
423:
419:
380:
347:
305:
242:
222:
203:
151:
2207:"Blu-ray Samsung backs HD DVD - Foot in both camps (April 16, 2007)"
2309:"'Chronos' HD DVD Gets New Distributor; Blu-ray Version on the Way"
1344:, features a built-in Blu-ray drive for movies and gaming, and the
1048:, Universum Films, Kinowelt Home Entertainment, DVD International,
187:
3331:
1131:
1041:
1021:
1003:
987:
863:
815:
749:
406:
373:
254:
218:
159:
1412:"Two years of battle between HD DVD and Blu-ray: a retrospective"
3575:
3362:
3336:
3015:
Universal Ends HD DVD Support with 'Atonement' | High-Def Digest
2956:
2501:
2410:
Grover, Ronald; Peter Burrows; Cliff Edwards (October 5, 2005).
1702:. November 28, 2003. Archived from the original on June 21, 2007
1460:"In HDTV Age, Successor to VCR Still Seems to Be a Long Way Off"
1324:
1080:
971:
937:
929:
836:
756:
745:
737:
725:
199:
155:
3470:
3225:
787:, DVR Blue. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the
755:
The emergence of high definition players followed the entry of
2354:"How the Blu-ray war was won - Sony outspent, outsold Toshiba"
1737:"High-definition DVD format divides industry into rival camps"
1037:
949:
733:
717:
213:
2797:"Pie Charts Show True Impact of Warner Bros. Move to Blu-ray"
768:, whose shorter wavelength opened the door to higher density
1052:, MK2, Momentum Pictures, Twister Home Video, among others.
736:
standard (except for a minor war from 1998 to 1999 with the
50:
42:
799:
was founded by a consortium of nine electronics companies.
3221:
2879:. Netflix press release. February 11, 2008. Archived from
3466:
1140:
But retail support for HD DVD was eroding. In June 2007,
2983:"Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses"
1430:"Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses"
1405:
1403:
1401:
2249:"BBC says it will still support both high-def formats"
3110:. Associated Press. February 24, 2008. Archived from
2640:"Toshiba Cuts Retail Prices of HD DVD Players by 50%"
2614:"Toshiba turns up heat in DVD war with big price cut"
2281:"Discovery Channel Brings 'Atlas' to Blu-ray, HD DVD"
814:
that involved compressing HD content onto dual-layer
3584:
3532:
3504:
3418:
3386:
3350:
3304:
3259:
2563:. Associated Press. January 6, 2008. Archived from
879:(instead of the Java-based system) and a mandatory
779:Sony started two projects applying the new diodes:
3027:"Hollywood Reporter:Paramount seals Blu-ray sweep"
1666:"Toshiba, NEC Share Details of Blue-Laser Storage"
1636:"Forum to weigh Microsoft's Corona as DVD encoder"
1371:Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats
712:The Blu-ray/HD DVD conflict resembled the earlier
367:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
29:Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats
2857:(Press release). Business Wire. February 11, 2008
2295:"Psst! Magnolia Jumps Into Blu-ray with 'Bubble'"
1968:"Sony, Toshiba fail to unify DVD format - report"
1735:Junko Yoshida; Yoshiko Hara (November 14, 2003).
936:on May 20, 2002. Other early supporters included
2588:"Toshiba cuts HD player prices in Blu-ray fight"
1833:"Who Is Drawing Out The High-Def DVD Stalemate?"
2666:"Gartner: HD DVD Price Cuts Only Prolong Agony"
2638:Sung, Chinmei; Andy Fixmer (January 14, 2008).
1931:
1929:
2828:Richtel, Matt; Eric Taub (February 16, 2008).
2209:. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007.
3482:
3237:
2985:. Toshiba Press Department. February 19, 2008
2921:"Woolworths backs blu-ray format over HD-DVD"
640:
8:
2347:
2345:
1883:Christ, Julian P.; Slowak, André P. (2009),
1826:
1824:
866:jointly announced their support for HD DVD.
826:that made each incompatible with the other.
3134:"Sony chews the Blu-ray fat with Microsoft"
2830:"Taps for HD DVD as Wal-Mart Backs Blu-ray"
1768:"HD DVD Format Wins Key Nod From DVD Forum"
1517:"Blue laser bolsters DTV storage, features"
1241:States and three or four to one in Europe.
3489:
3475:
3467:
3244:
3230:
3222:
2461:"Two Studios to Support HD DVD Over Rival"
2379:
2377:
2061:"HP's Blu-ray move spells doom for HD-DVD"
1486:"Opening the Door for New Storage Options"
647:
633:
58:
3057:"Paramount unveils initial Blu-ray slate"
2517:"Target to sell only Blu-ray DVD players"
2412:"A Warner Bros. Green Light for Blu-ray?"
3156:"Microsoft says no Blu-ray for Xbox 360"
3108:"Microsoft Pulls Plug on HD DVD Players"
2952:"Format war fanboys shut down AVS Forum"
2950:Moskovciak, Matthew (November 7, 2007).
2770:Chmielewski, Dawn C. (January 5, 2008).
2691:"New Line Details Transition to Blu-ray"
1999:"Microsoft, Intel Back Toshiba's HD-DVD"
1032:on September 27, 2004. It also included
2536:"Sony DVD move deals blow to Microsoft"
1799:"Sides close to deal on HD disk format"
1397:
1136:HD-DVD player deeply discounted in 2008
661:high-definition optical disc format war
619:High-definition optical disc format war
61:
18:High definition optical disc format war
3175:"Blu-ray: The Future Has Been Delayed"
2612:Kessler, Michelle (January 14, 2008).
2561:"Toshiba Defiant After HD DVD Setback"
2212:
1713:
458:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
341:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
2143:Bracke, Peter M. (October 10, 2006).
1859:"Sony-Toshiba DVD format talks stall"
839:), while the DVD Forum was promoting
748:standard, and the Wi-Fi Alliance for
663:was a market competition between the
7:
3055:Arnold, Thomas K. (April 30, 2008).
2746:"Did Warner Bros. Just Kill HD DVD?"
2727:"Digital Playground Switches to Blu"
2322:Kageyama, Yuri (February 19, 2008).
1997:Susan B. Shor (September 27, 2005).
1696:"DVD Forum backs Toshiba-NEC format"
1410:Drawbaugh, Ben (February 20, 2008).
2772:"DVD format war appears to be over"
2586:Adegoke, Yinka (January 14, 2008).
2386:"How the PS3 led Blu-ray's triumph"
2091:"Blu-Ray Won't Bow to HP's Demands"
1889:FZID Discussion Papers, No. 05-2009
1634:Junko Yoshida (December 12, 2001).
1484:Martyn Williams (August 12, 2012).
3199:Lawler, Richard (April 16, 2009).
3136:. RegHardware.co.uk. March 7, 2008
2927:. January 28, 2008. Archived from
2693:. High-Def Digest. January 8, 2008
2459:Barnes, Brooks (August 21, 2007).
2352:Sabbagh, Dan (February 21, 2008).
2116:Lawler, Richard (March 23, 2006).
2059:Robert Jaques (October 25, 2005).
1766:Yoshiko Hara (November 26, 2003).
1261:Toshiba announcement and aftermath
1010:, provided non-exclusive support.
25:
3597:Advanced Interactivity Consortium
3081:Taub, James A. (April 23, 2009).
3044:Paramount stops HD DVD production
2744:Hansell, Saul (January 4, 2008).
2664:Nystedt, Dan (January 28, 2008).
2487:CNN, June 18, 2007. (Web archive)
2384:Smale, Will (February 19, 2008).
2030:"HP calls for changes to Blu-ray"
1974:. August 22, 2005. Archived from
1857:Michiyo Nakamoto (May 17, 2005).
1672:. August 29, 2002. Archived from
1303:, which, on May 20, 2008, joined
3611:
3610:
3450:
3449:
2515:Paul, Franklin (July 26, 2007).
1831:Andy Patrizio (April 12, 2007).
1797:Junko Yoshida (April 19, 2005).
614:History of optical storage media
334:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
69:
3540:HD-DVD & Blu-ray comparison
3523:China Blue High-definition Disc
3317:Blu-ray & HD-DVD comparison
2324:"Toshiba quits HD DVD business"
2118:"Toshiba delays HD-DVD rollout"
1603:Junko Yoshida (March 1, 2002).
1546:Barry Fox (February 19, 2002).
1515:S.B. Luitjens (June 15, 2001).
2028:Ken Young (October 20, 2005).
1548:"Replacement for DVD unveiled"
1458:Evan Ramstad (April 8, 1998).
830:Attempts to avoid a format war
1:
3173:Taub, Eric (April 30, 2008).
1443:Dranove, David; Neil Gandal,
1432:. Toshiba. February 19, 2008.
1107:Studio, distributor alliances
1065:First Look Home Entertainment
320:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
2145:"Click: Blu-ray Disc review"
1904:"Microsoft, Toshiba Gear Up"
1902:David Cohn (June 27, 2005).
1199:Warner's move was echoed by
1180:Warner Bros.' sister studio
1057:Paramount Home Entertainment
822:The competing standards had
704:to the Blu-ray Disc format.
327:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
1186:National Geographic Society
1077:Magnolia Home Entertainment
479:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
465:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
444:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
3674:
2907:February 14, 2008, at the
1578:"Next Generation DVD Born"
1288:Things We Lost in the Fire
802:The DVD Forum, chaired by
313:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
26:
3605:
3444:
3419:Hardware/software/content
3400:BD-R(E)(DL) manufacturers
3312:Blu-ray Disc region codes
2498:"Blackbuster Online - HD"
2485:Blockbuster backs Blu-ray
2219:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1938:"Daggers Drawn Over DVDs"
1720:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1605:"Picture's fuzzy for DVD"
1157:Consumer Electronics Show
850:At the end of June 2005,
580:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
388:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
3653:Optical computer storage
3394:Blu-ray Disc Association
3285:High Fidelity Pure Audio
2925:Woolworths press release
954:Blu-ray Disc Association
797:Blu-ray Disc Association
3273:Blu-ray Disc recordable
1275:on March 11, 2008, and
1026:Memory-Tech Corporation
898:Blu-ray Disc Foundation
843:'s "iHD" (which became
824:significant differences
586:Universal Disk Format (
451:3D optical data storage
430:Video Single Disc (VSD)
1137:
1030:HD DVD Promotion Group
812:motion picture studios
674:standards for storing
540:(layer jump recording)
106:Recording technologies
96:Optical disc authoring
56:
48:
3436:Blu-ray Disc recorder
2733:on February 27, 2008.
2155:on September 14, 2007
1135:
1085:Goldhil Entertainment
781:Ultra Density Optical
772:following a six-year
724:, partly because of
437:Magneto-optical discs
54:
46:
33:High-resolution audio
3648:Mass media rivalries
3545:HDTV disc format war
3410:Player manufacturers
3322:HDTV disc format war
3114:on February 26, 2008
3083:"Rethinking Blu-ray"
2883:on February 12, 2008
2255:on January 20, 2008.
2071:on December 20, 2007
1978:on February 24, 2006
1809:on November 26, 2007
1386:Videotape format war
1217:Woolworths Group plc
1151:On January 4, 2008,
764:'s invention of the
714:videotape format war
683:consumer electronics
3658:2000s in technology
2931:on February 1, 2008
2504:on August 19, 2007.
2448:on August 23, 2007.
2422:on October 13, 2005
2195:on August 23, 2007.
2097:. November 17, 2005
2040:on October 23, 2005
2009:on January 24, 2008
1948:on November 6, 2007
1914:on November 5, 2012
1676:on November 6, 2007
1584:. February 21, 2002
1496:on November 6, 2007
1069:Image Entertainment
854:, the developer of
750:wireless networking
182:), Super Video CD (
135:Optical media types
3405:Disc manufacturers
3351:Content protection
3179:The New York Times
2750:The New York Times
2567:on January 9, 2008
2330:. Associated Press
2003:ecommercetimes.com
1778:on January 6, 2007
1615:on August 28, 2008
1558:on August 15, 2007
1252:AVS Forum shutdown
1194:Digital Playground
1146:Target Corporation
1138:
1101:video game console
166:, Super Audio CD (
123:Burst cutting area
101:Authoring software
91:Optical disc drive
57:
49:
3625:
3624:
3464:
3463:
3426:VCR/Blu-ray combo
3279:Blu-ray Disc Java
3162:. March 13, 2008.
3004:highdefdigest.com
2776:Los Angeles Times
2328:Los Angeles Times
2149:HighDefDigest.com
1447:, Idea Group Inc.
1376:De facto standard
1352:for 4K playback.
1267:Universal Studios
1073:Discovery Channel
687:personal computer
657:
656:
494:Professional Disc
401:MD Data, MD Data2
295:Mini Blu-ray Disc
47:Blu-ray Disc logo
16:(Redirected from
3665:
3614:
3613:
3550:Advanced Content
3491:
3484:
3477:
3468:
3453:
3452:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3223:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3033:on May 16, 2008.
3029:. Archived from
3023:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
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2786:
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2767:
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2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2729:. Archived from
2723:
2717:
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2709:
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2702:
2700:
2698:
2687:
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2678:
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2512:
2506:
2505:
2500:. Archived from
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2444:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2418:. Archived from
2407:
2401:
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2398:
2396:
2381:
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2369:
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2349:
2340:
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2257:
2256:
2251:. Archived from
2245:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:. Archived from
2185:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2151:. Archived from
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2067:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2036:. Archived from
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2005:. Archived from
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1944:. Archived from
1942:businessweek.com
1933:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1837:internetnews.com
1828:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:. Archived from
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:. Archived from
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1747:on July 20, 2011
1743:. Archived from
1732:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1646:on April 5, 2004
1642:. Archived from
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1611:. Archived from
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1523:. Archived from
1521:planetanalog.com
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:. Archived from
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1350:Ultra HD Blu-ray
1121:Steven Spielberg
1091:Deciding factors
1083:and Koch Vision/
958:20th Century Fox
852:Sun Microsystems
766:blue laser diode
732:for the unified
700:, conceding the
649:
642:
635:
534:(packet writing)
299:Ultra HD Blu-ray
287:BD-R & BD-RE
73:
59:
21:
3673:
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3020:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2962:CBS Interactive
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2909:Wayback Machine
2900:
2896:
2886:
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2875:
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2870:
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2858:
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2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2540:Financial Times
2533:
2532:
2528:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2483:
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2469:
2467:
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2084:
2074:
2072:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1882:
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1765:
1764:
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1734:
1733:
1729:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1700:theinquirer.net
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
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1663:
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1649:
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1633:
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1587:
1585:
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1559:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1527:on July 1, 2002
1514:
1513:
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1499:
1497:
1483:
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1478:
1468:
1466:
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1456:
1452:
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1428:
1427:
1423:
1409:
1408:
1399:
1394:
1381:Dominant design
1367:
1263:
1254:
1225:
1190:Constantin Film
1182:New Line Cinema
1126:Shrek the Third
1109:
1093:
1079:, BCI Eclipse,
1071:(including the
894:
870:Hewlett-Packard
832:
710:
685:manufacturers,
676:high-definition
653:
624:
623:
609:
601:
600:
515:
507:
506:
136:
128:
127:
111:Recording modes
81:
39:
36:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3671:
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3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3431:Blu-ray ripper
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
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3407:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3388:
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3248:
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3191:
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3125:
3099:
3087:New York Times
3073:
3047:
3036:
3018:
3007:
2996:
2974:
2942:
2912:
2894:
2868:
2846:
2834:New York Times
2820:
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2788:
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2736:
2718:
2704:
2682:
2656:
2630:
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2578:
2552:
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2507:
2489:
2477:
2465:New York Times
2451:
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2341:
2314:
2300:
2286:
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2258:
2240:
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2198:
2180:
2166:
2135:
2108:
2082:
2051:
2020:
1989:
1959:
1925:
1894:
1875:
1849:
1820:
1789:
1758:
1727:
1687:
1657:
1626:
1595:
1569:
1538:
1507:
1476:
1464:online.wsj.com
1450:
1435:
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1396:
1395:
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1373:
1366:
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1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1224:
1221:
1205:New York Times
1108:
1105:
1092:
1089:
980:Hitachi Maxell
900:was formed by
893:
890:
831:
828:
774:patent dispute
762:Shuji Nakamura
742:Grand Alliance
709:
706:
655:
654:
652:
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644:
637:
629:
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625:
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344:
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297:, 4K Blu-ray (
280:Blu-ray Disc (
277:
210:
164:5.1 Music Disc
141:Compact disc (
137:
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3525:(CBHD/CH-DVD)
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3327:Blu-ray rot
3269:(BD/BD-ROM)
2967:November 4,
2935:February 8,
2697:January 25,
2675:January 31,
2649:January 15,
2623:January 15,
2597:January 15,
2426:January 14,
2101:November 4,
2075:October 19,
2044:October 19,
2013:October 19,
1982:October 19,
1952:October 19,
1918:October 19,
1868:October 19,
1842:October 19,
1813:October 19,
1803:eetasia.com
1782:October 19,
1772:techweb.com
1751:October 19,
1706:October 18,
1680:October 18,
1670:pcworld.com
1650:October 19,
1640:eetimes.com
1619:October 19,
1609:eetimes.com
1588:November 4,
1531:October 19,
1500:October 18,
1490:pcworld.com
1469:October 18,
1142:Blockbuster
874:proprietary
752:standards.
413:LaserDisc (
55:HD-DVD logo
3632:Categories
3576:SMPTE VC-1
3561:HD-DVD Key
3533:Technology
3342:Blue laser
3305:Technology
2802:January 7,
2781:January 5,
2755:January 5,
2571:January 6,
2545:January 6,
2065:vnunet.com
2034:vnunet.com
1972:forbes.com
1741:my-esm.com
1562:August 15,
1392:References
1346:Xbox One S
1246:PAL region
946:Mitsubishi
810:and other
795:, and the
783:and, with
708:Background
702:format war
569:Rock Ridge
538:Mount Fuji
394:MiniDisc (
361:HD DVD-RAM
291:Blu-ray 3D
3592:DVD Forum
3206:. AOL Inc
3184:April 30,
3140:March 10,
3092:April 24,
2644:Bloomberg
2618:USA Today
2359:The Times
2334:March 25,
2124:. AOL Inc
1908:wired.com
1582:bbc.co.uk
1348:supports
1300:Bee Movie
1278:Atonement
1234:Microsoft
1166:blackjack
1117:Paramount
1061:BBC Video
1050:Opus Arte
1034:Microsoft
910:Panasonic
892:Alliances
841:Microsoft
730:DVD Forum
594:ISO 13490
575:El Torito
514:Standards
357:HD DVD-RW
263:DVD-Video
196:CD-ROM XA
3616:Category
3455:Category
3296:Ultra HD
3210:July 24,
3204:Engadget
2905:Archived
2670:PC World
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2362:. London
2215:cite web
2128:July 24,
2122:Engadget
2095:Fox News
1716:cite web
1416:Engadget
1365:See also
1342:Xbox One
1306:Face/Off
1238:Xbox 360
1209:Best Buy
1168:bet of "
1028:started
1000:Meridian
744:for the
716:between
608:See also
554:ISO 9660
501:DataPlay
353:HD DVD-R
239:DVD+R DS
235:DVD-R DS
231:DVD+R DL
227:DVD-R DL
172:Photo CD
3368:Cinavia
3267:Blu-ray
3253:Blu-ray
3160:Reuters
3061:Reuters
2592:Reuters
2521:Reuters
1213:Netflix
1201:Walmart
1174:Gartner
1113:Big Six
1014:Toshiba
1008:Samsung
996:Lite-On
984:Kenwood
934:Thomson
922:Samsung
918:Philips
914:Pioneer
902:Hitachi
804:Toshiba
793:Blu-ray
785:Pioneer
722:Betamax
698:players
694:Toshiba
665:Blu-ray
275:MiniDVD
271:EcoDisc
251:DVD-RAM
208:Mini CD
192:CD-Text
80:General
3643:HD DVD
3585:Groups
3512:HD DVD
3498:HD DVD
3387:Groups
3287:(HFPA)
3281:(BD-J)
3066:May 1,
1863:ft.com
1333:MPEG-2
1272:Fletch
1192:, and
968:Alpine
952:. The
932:, and
789:CEATEC
669:HD DVD
571:/ SUSP
559:Joliet
424:LV-ROM
420:LD-ROM
381:GD-ROM
348:HD DVD
306:M-DISC
247:DVD+RW
243:DVD-RW
204:MIL-CD
152:CD-ROM
3557:(iHD)
3519:(THD)
3505:Discs
3396:(BDA)
3332:BD-AV
3260:Discs
1042:Intel
1022:Sanyo
1004:Onkyo
988:Lanix
926:Sharp
864:Intel
816:DVD-9
564:Romeo
523:ATAPI
407:Hi-MD
374:VCDHD
259:DVD-A
255:DVD-D
223:DVD+R
219:DVD-R
160:CD-RW
148:CD-DA
3571:AACS
3566:HDCP
3378:HDCP
3373:AACS
3337:BD-J
3212:2014
3186:2008
3142:2008
3120:2008
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3068:2008
2991:2008
2969:2017
2957:CNET
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2863:2008
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2651:2008
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488:(AD)
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