568:
2641:
344:
189:
362:
556:
2682:
696:
534:
549:
507:
1233:
542:
380:
2711:
2675:
689:
1618:
201:
2701:
2512:
2542:
1712:
1674:
1659:
986:
2668:
2522:
2382:
1732:
1691:
1681:
682:
898:
653:
2239:
429:
The
Highest Alemannic dialects are considered to be the most conservative dialects of German. The dialect of the
419:'they sing'. Almost all other German dialects use the same ending for the first and third persons in the plural.
2706:
2517:
2471:
2466:
2390:
2000:
1984:
1722:
572:
211:
2298:
2456:
2400:
2395:
2315:
1988:
1938:
1696:
1238:
1056:
740:
728:
88:
78:
2461:
1943:
1909:
1527:
1343:
1203:
1043:
938:
240:
2619:
2583:
1851:
1844:
1796:
1566:
1537:
1506:
1469:
1394:
1243:
1151:
1064:
925:
887:
663:
591:
295:
98:
2084:
959:
2588:
2568:
2537:
2410:
2270:
2244:
2145:
2016:
1834:
1426:
1253:
1215:
1210:
1084:
1031:
789:
658:
394:
2527:
2074:
1919:
1763:
1717:
1651:
1404:
1166:
1051:
964:
762:
627:
422:
There are High
Alemannic dialects that have preserved the ending -n which has been dropped in most
2648:
2573:
2425:
2415:
2370:
2132:
2059:
1956:
1801:
1776:
1771:
1664:
1492:
1377:
1198:
976:
971:
950:
911:
715:
705:
434:
263:
83:
2497:
1416:
2640:
2547:
2346:
2262:
2255:
2210:
2154:
1914:
1904:
1887:
1882:
1786:
1669:
1548:
1348:
1309:
1289:
1127:
1019:
1001:
853:
503:
2652:
2502:
2293:
2227:
2183:
2178:
2127:
2119:
1924:
1892:
1839:
1828:
1741:
1613:
1608:
1450:
1389:
1179:
1161:
996:
757:
749:
621:
617:
601:
303:
291:
259:
232:
108:
2532:
2325:
2232:
2215:
2200:
2195:
2188:
1897:
1806:
1791:
1746:
1598:
1561:
1553:
1532:
1519:
1499:
1485:
1248:
1225:
1156:
1146:
1138:
918:
438:
271:
244:
236:
70:
2492:
2613:
2507:
2487:
2439:
2331:
2205:
1875:
1642:
1581:
1360:
1317:
1274:
1191:
1186:
1075:
1025:
876:
827:
782:
775:
430:
2695:
2578:
2563:
2405:
2161:
2112:
1929:
1868:
1781:
1727:
1686:
1624:
1571:
1455:
1382:
812:
596:
299:
287:
166:
93:
2432:
1856:
1820:
1753:
1576:
1399:
1372:
1355:
1299:
1258:
840:
819:
637:
632:
586:
423:
319:
155:
103:
2079:
307:
188:
497:
17:
2339:
2249:
2222:
2094:
2040:
1948:
1630:
1591:
1174:
869:
833:
768:
567:
522:
255:
2089:
2069:
1434:
1104:
805:
527:
Morphological Change in German
Dialects Two Cases of Plural Verbs in Alemannic
479:
474:
465:
460:
2275:
2138:
2023:
1586:
1367:
1322:
1294:
1120:
499:
The German
Language in Switzerland: Multilingualism, Diglossia and Variation
397:
311:
174:
141:
2099:
161:
150:
2064:
1412:
393:
The distinctive feature of the
Highest Alemannic dialects is the lack of
219:
207:
2105:
1701:
1603:
327:
283:
215:
1408:
674:
290:). In the West, the South and the South-East, they are surrounded by
275:
267:
193:
Areas where
Highest Alemannic dialects are spoken are marked in red.
1326:
315:
279:
404:
323:
251:
49:
2368:
1982:
726:
678:
538:
400:, for instance 'to snow', 'to build' vs. High Alemannic , .
337:
218:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
247:
and other non-Alemannic German dialects is very limited.
433:, for instance, preserved the three distinct classes of
2656:
358:
2556:
2480:
2449:
2381:
2313:
2171:
2052:
2008:
1999:
1819:
1762:
1650:
1641:
1546:
1518:
1477:
1468:
1443:
1425:
1336:
1308:
1282:
1273:
1224:
1137:
1112:
1103:
1042:
937:
886:
861:
852:
748:
739:
646:
610:
579:
407:plural endings for all three persons, for instance
353:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
172:
139:
134:
67:
55:
44:
32:
278:settlements (mostly in Switzerland, but also in
2676:
690:
550:
523:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/217453916.pdf
8:
403:Many High Alemannic dialects have different
441:) until the beginning of the 20th century.
2683:
2669:
2378:
2365:
2005:
1996:
1979:
1647:
1474:
1279:
1109:
858:
745:
736:
723:
697:
683:
675:
557:
543:
535:
235:and is often considered to be part of the
187:
29:
381:Learn how and when to remove this message
365:, without removing the technical details.
250:Highest Alemannic dialects are spoken in
450:
212:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
262:, in the German-speaking parts of the
456:
454:
363:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
2637:
2635:
1259:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
2655:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2618:Languages between parentheses are
61:4,500,000 Swiss German (2012)
25:
298:dialects. In the Swiss canton of
2639:
566:
342:
302:only the Walser exclaves in the
2622:of the language on their left.
1:
2513:Germanic substrate hypothesis
2543:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
1234:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
2523:High German consonant shift
318:are Highest Alemannic; the
2728:
2634:
1061:Westlauwers–Terschellings
714:According to contemporary
496:Rash, Felicity J. (1998).
27:Branch of Alemannic German
2605:
2377:
2364:
2286:
2240:Southern Schleswig Danish
1995:
1978:
735:
722:
712:
198:
186:
37:
2518:West Germanic gemination
2472:Ancient Belgian language
2467:Germanic parent language
2411:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
1533:Austrian Standard German
573:Languages of Switzerland
114:Highest Alemannic German
33:Highest Alemannic German
2712:Germanic language stubs
485:(subscription required)
471:(subscription required)
2579:Preterite-present verb
2462:Proto-Germanic grammar
2416:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
1528:German Standard German
1204:East Frisian Low Saxon
461:Swiss German (partial)
241:mutual intelligibility
200:This article contains
2702:Swiss German language
2584:Grammatischer Wechsel
1567:Namibian Black German
1538:Swiss Standard German
1507:Early New High German
1065:Mainland West Frisian
926:Harlingerland Frisian
415:'you (plural) sing',
2589:Indo-European ablaut
2569:Germanic strong verb
2538:Germanic spirant law
1675:Southeast Limburgish
1171:Gelders-Overijssels
800:Irish Middle English
790:Early Modern English
611:Major dialect groups
330:are High Alemannic.
300:GraubĂĽnden (Grisons)
63:10,000 Walser (2004)
2647:This article about
2557:Synchronic features
2528:Germanic a-mutation
2481:Diachronic features
1831:in the broad sense
1764:East Central German
1718:Lorraine Franconian
1692:Transylvanian Saxon
1652:West Central German
1427:East Low Franconian
1337:West Low Franconian
294:; in the North, by
2649:Germanic languages
2574:Germanic weak verb
2383:Language subgroups
1733:Pennsylvania Dutch
1682:Moselle Franconian
1660:Central Franconian
1493:Middle High German
1244:Central Pomeranian
1199:Northern Low Saxon
912:Wangerooge Frisian
706:Germanic languages
580:Official languages
264:Canton of Fribourg
2664:
2663:
2629:
2628:
2614:extinct languages
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2548:Great Vowel Shift
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2309:
2308:
2155:Greenlandic Norse
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1905:Southern Bavarian
1888:Northern Bavarian
1864:Highest Alemannic
1815:
1814:
1549:standard variants
1464:
1463:
1310:Standard variants
1269:
1268:
1128:Middle Low German
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
899:Saterland Frisian
672:
671:
654:Swiss-German Sign
509:978-3-906757-68-1
483:(18th ed., 2015)
469:(18th ed., 2015)
391:
390:
383:
292:Romance languages
229:Highest Alemannic
226:
225:
208:rendering support
204:phonetic symbols.
39:Höchstalemannisch
18:Highest Alemannic
16:(Redirected from
2719:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2643:
2636:
2406:Elbe (Irminonic)
2379:
2366:
2294:Mainland Gutnish
2184:Swedish dialects
2146:Middle Icelandic
2120:Middle Norwegian
2009:Historical forms
2006:
1997:
1980:
1939:South Franconian
1925:Hutterite German
1893:Central Bavarian
1713:Rhine Franconian
1648:
1478:Historical forms
1475:
1390:Surinamese Dutch
1283:Historical forms
1280:
1113:Historical forms
1110:
862:Historical forms
859:
746:
737:
724:
699:
692:
685:
676:
571:
570:
559:
552:
545:
536:
529:
525:Stefan Rabanus:
520:
514:
513:
493:
487:
486:
472:
458:
398:diphthongization
386:
379:
375:
372:
366:
346:
345:
338:
260:Bernese Oberland
233:Alemannic German
191:
164:
153:
144:
109:Alemannic German
73:
30:
21:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2707:German dialects
2692:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2593:
2552:
2533:Germanic umlaut
2498:Holtzmann's law
2476:
2445:
2373:
2352:
2305:
2282:
2216:South Jutlandic
2201:Danish dialects
2167:
2048:
1991:
1962:
1944:East Franconian
1898:Viennese German
1811:
1792:Silesian German
1758:
1747:Central Hessian
1637:
1562:Namibian German
1551:
1542:
1520:Standard German
1514:
1500:New High German
1486:Old High German
1460:
1439:
1421:
1332:
1304:
1265:
1249:East Pomeranian
1239:Brandenburgisch
1226:East Low German
1220:
1147:Dutch Low Saxon
1139:West Low German
1133:
1091:
1057:Schiermonnikoog
1038:
933:
919:Wursten Frisian
882:
848:
731:
718:
708:
703:
673:
668:
642:
606:
575:
565:
563:
533:
532:
521:
517:
510:
495:
494:
490:
484:
473:
470:
459:
452:
447:
439:Old High German
387:
376:
370:
367:
359:help improve it
356:
347:
343:
336:
272:Walliser German
245:Standard German
237:German language
231:is a branch of
206:Without proper
194:
160:
159:
149:
148:
140:
130:
74:
71:Language family
69:
62:
58:
57:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Proto-Germanic
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2332:Crimean Gothic
2321:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2206:Insular Danish
2203:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2189:Rinkebysvenska
2186:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2035:Old East Norse
2032:
2030:Old West Norse
2020:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:South Tyrolean
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1852:High Alemannic
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1643:Central German
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1582:Barossa German
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1361:French Flemish
1353:
1352:
1351:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1277:
1275:Low Franconian
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:Westereendersk
1070:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1007:
999:
994:
993:
992:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
968:
967:
962:
954:
943:
941:
935:
934:
932:
931:
930:
929:
922:
915:
903:
902:
901:
892:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
877:Middle Frisian
873:
865:
863:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
845:
844:
837:
825:
824:
823:
816:
809:
797:
796:
795:
794:
793:
783:Modern English
779:
776:Middle English
772:
765:
754:
752:
743:
733:
732:
727:
720:
719:
713:
710:
709:
704:
702:
701:
694:
687:
679:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
656:
650:
648:
647:Sign languages
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
614:
612:
608:
607:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
581:
577:
576:
564:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
531:
530:
515:
508:
488:
449:
448:
446:
443:
389:
388:
350:
348:
341:
335:
332:
296:High Alemannic
239:, even though
224:
223:
210:, you may see
196:
195:
192:
184:
183:
178:
170:
169:
145:
137:
136:
135:Language codes
132:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
77:
75:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
53:
52:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2724:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Germanic verb
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Sievers's law
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:Reconstructed
2448:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2263:Middle Danish
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:Old Icelandic
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:Old Norwegian
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1930:Gottscheerish
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1869:Walser German
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:Low Alemannic
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:High Prussian
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Erzgebirgisch
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Luxembourgish
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:Klezmer-loshn
1622:
1620:
1619:Scots Yiddish
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1456:Meuse-Rhenish
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:Kleverlandish
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:Central Dutch
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:Stellingwarfs
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:Wood Frisian
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
990:
989:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:
975:
973:
970:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
953:
952:
948:
947:
945:
944:
942:
940:
939:North Frisian
936:
928:
927:
923:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
908:
907:
904:
900:
897:
896:
894:
893:
891:
889:
885:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
867:
866:
864:
860:
857:
855:
851:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
830:
829:
826:
822:
821:
817:
815:
814:
810:
808:
807:
803:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
787:
786:
785:
784:
780:
778:
777:
773:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
756:
755:
753:
751:
747:
744:
742:
741:Anglo-Frisian
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
711:
707:
700:
695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
680:
677:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
649:
645:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
623:
619:
616:
615:
613:
609:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
541:
540:
537:
528:
524:
519:
516:
511:
505:
501:
500:
492:
489:
482:
481:
476:
475:Walser German
468:
467:
462:
457:
455:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
396:
385:
382:
374:
364:
360:
354:
351:This section
349:
340:
339:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:part and the
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Walser German
285:
281:
277:
274:) and in the
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
203:
197:
190:
185:
182:
179:
177:
176:
171:
168:
167:Walser German
165: –
163:
157:
154: –
152:
146:
143:
138:
133:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:Elbe Germanic
92:
91:
90:
89:West Germanic
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:Indo-European
76:
72:
66:
60:
54:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2657:expanding it
2646:
2631:
2609:
2493:Verner's law
2438:
2433:Gotho-Nordic
2431:
2424:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2299:Fårö Gutnish
2261:
2254:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2137:
2118:
2111:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2015:
1955:
1863:
1857:Swiss German
1821:Upper German
1754:Amana German
1728:Volga German
1697:HunsrĂĽckisch
1623:
1577:Unserdeutsch
1572:Berlinerisch
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1444:Cover groups
1400:Mohawk Dutch
1395:Jersey Dutch
1373:East Flemish
1356:West Flemish
1300:Middle Dutch
1254:Low Prussian
1126:
1119:
1085:Terschelling
1069:Clay Frisian
1044:West Frisian
1032:Wiedingharde
1024:
1012:
972:Heligolandic
949:
924:
917:
910:
905:
888:East Frisian
875:
868:
841:Middle Scots
839:
832:
818:
811:
804:
799:
788:
781:
774:
767:
664:Italian Sign
638:Swiss German
526:
518:
498:
491:
478:
464:
428:
424:Upper German
421:
416:
412:
409:wir singe(n)
408:
402:
392:
377:
368:
352:
320:Rhine Valley
249:
228:
227:
199:
180:
173:
156:Swiss German
113:
104:Upper German
38:
2508:Kluge's law
2488:Grimm's law
2271:Dalecarlian
2250:Perkerdansk
2223:East Danish
2041:Old Gutnish
2017:Proto-Norse
1957:Langobardic
1949:Vogtlandian
1777:Upper Saxon
1631:Lachoudisch
1592:Lotegorisch
1470:High German
1216:Westphalian
1211:Eastphalian
1175:Achterhooks
1052:Hindeloopen
987:Bökingharde
956:Föhr–Amrum
870:Old Frisian
834:Early Scots
769:Old English
659:French Sign
502:. P. Lang.
431:Lötschental
411:'we sing',
256:Switzerland
254:regions of
214:instead of
99:High German
2696:Categories
2340:Burgundian
2256:Old Danish
2245:Gøtudanskt
2228:Bornholmsk
2090:Vestlandsk
2070:Kebabnorsk
1807:Halcnovian
1772:Thuringian
1435:Limburgish
1405:Stadsfries
1378:Brabantian
1105:Low German
951:Eiderstedt
806:Fingallian
480:Ethnologue
466:Ethnologue
445:References
435:weak verbs
426:dialects.
417:si singent
2620:varieties
2612:indicate
2426:Northwest
2371:Philology
2276:Elfdalian
2211:Jutlandic
2133:Icelandic
2108:(written)
2102:(written)
2080:Trøndersk
2060:Norwegian
2024:Old Norse
1845:Coloniero
1829:Alemannic
1802:Wymysorys
1670:Colognian
1665:Ripuarian
1587:Rotwelsch
1417:Midslands
1368:Zeelandic
1349:Hollandic
1323:Afrikaans
1295:Old Dutch
1121:Old Saxon
1020:Karrharde
1002:Goesharde
983:Mainland
716:philology
413:ir singet
371:June 2019
312:Schanfigg
308:Prättigau
266:, in the
258:: In the
175:Glottolog
158:(partial)
142:ISO 639-3
2347:Vandalic
2290:Gutnish
2095:Vikværsk
2075:SognamĂĄl
2065:Bergensk
1915:Cimbrian
1883:Bavarian
1840:Alsatian
1787:Lusatian
1723:Palatine
1413:Amelands
1290:Frankish
1180:Sallaans
1162:Gronings
1013:Southern
1006:Northern
997:Halligen
946:Insular
763:dialects
622:Ticinese
334:Features
220:Help:IPA
84:Germanic
2610:Italics
2233:Scanian
2179:Swedish
2128:Faroese
2106:Nynorsk
2085:Valdris
1920:Mòcheno
1876:Swabian
1742:Hessian
1702:Hunsrik
1614:Western
1609:Eastern
1604:Yiddish
1554:creoles
1451:Bergish
1167:Drèents
1157:Tweants
1009:Central
991:Mooring
854:Frisian
813:Kildare
758:English
618:Lombard
602:Romansh
597:Italian
437:(as in
357:Please
328:Engadin
304:Romansh
284:Austria
282:and in
216:Unicode
147:Either:
2326:Gothic
2196:Danish
2100:BokmĂĄl
1599:Yenish
1409:Bildts
1192:Veluws
1187:Urkers
1026:Strand
750:Anglic
628:Romand
592:German
587:French
506:
405:verbal
395:hiatus
286:; see
276:Walser
268:Valais
252:alpine
45:Region
2651:is a
2440:South
2391:North
2001:North
1985:North
1327:Kaaps
1318:Dutch
965:Amrum
906:Weser
828:Scots
633:Sinte
322:with
316:Davos
280:Italy
270:(see
243:with
2653:stub
2401:West
2396:East
2316:East
2172:East
2162:Norn
2053:West
1989:East
1987:and
1552:and
1547:Non-
977:Sylt
960:Föhr
895:Ems
820:Yola
729:West
504:ISBN
326:and
324:Chur
314:and
181:None
50:Alps
48:the
477:at
463:at
361:to
202:IPA
162:wae
151:gsw
2698::
453:^
310:,
2684:e
2677:t
2670:v
2659:.
2335:)
2329:(
1415:/
1411:/
1407:/
1329:)
1325:(
698:e
691:t
684:v
624:)
620:(
558:e
551:t
544:v
512:.
384:)
378:(
373:)
369:(
355:.
222:.
20:)
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