571:
615:
531:
133:
158:
685:
Slack, Kerryn E.; Jones, Craig M.; Ando, Tatsuro; Harrison, G.L. "Abby"; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Arnason, Ulfur; Penny, David (2006). "Early
Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution".
1321:
1061:
Kimball, R.T.; et al. (December 2013). "Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life".
868:"Feraequornithes: a name for the clade formed by Procellariiformes, Sphenisciformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes and Pelecaniformes (Aves)"
727:
1316:
1311:
799:"Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties – a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds"
743:
Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
688:
570:
1012:"Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals"
157:
1186:
Burleigh, J.G.; et al. (March 2015). "Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix".
614:
1145:
Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022).
959:
Hackett, S.J.; et al. (27 June 2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history".
1098:"Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis"
1223:
697:
1283:
530:
1270:
968:
915:
702:
132:
1168:
992:
496:
262:
152:
1288:
668:
based on
Burleigh, J.G. et al. (2015) with some names after Sangster, G. & Mayr, G. (2021).
1261:
1203:
1127:
1078:
1043:
984:
941:
776:
715:
509:
446:
375:
346:
212:
31:
1195:
1158:
1117:
1109:
1070:
1033:
1023:
976:
931:
923:
879:
843:
810:
766:
756:
724:
707:
438:
285:
745:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3'-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
731:
552:
486:
442:
415:
371:
267:
122:
884:
867:
972:
919:
1122:
1097:
1038:
1011:
936:
903:
771:
744:
609:
434:
399:
387:
1305:
1172:
830:
Sangster, G.; Braun, E.L.; Johansson, U.S.; Kimball, R.T.; Mayr, G.; Suh, A. (2022).
815:
798:
379:
331:
140:
84:
996:
419:
357:
904:"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"
1255:
1199:
1074:
469:
367:
248:
230:
59:
17:
1163:
1146:
848:
831:
593:
430:
383:
104:
69:
761:
980:
927:
711:
665:
403:
353:
169:
109:
53:
46:
1246:
1207:
1131:
1082:
1047:
1028:
988:
945:
780:
719:
1240:
1113:
445:
are the closest sister group of the
Aequornithes, in a clade later named
391:
342:
189:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
390:. It does not include several unrelated groups of aquatic birds such as
525:
114:
89:
179:
1217:
1147:"Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds"
832:"Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds"
565:
407:
395:
364:
324:
239:
1275:
473:
426:
199:
1221:
411:
312:
288:
309:
297:
803:
Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
425:
Based on a whole-genome analysis of the bird orders, the
356:
of the group is currently supported by several molecular
306:
341:, are defined as "the least inclusive clade containing
315:
303:
294:
291:
1230:
861:
859:
300:
612:(herons, ibises, pelicans, shoebill and hamerkop)
902:Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014).
8:
1218:
131:
38:
1162:
1121:
1037:
1027:
935:
883:
847:
814:
770:
760:
701:
897:
895:
437:) and the three species of tropicbirds (
677:
1322:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
792:
790:
1188:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
885:10.3897/vertebrate-zoology.71.e61728
121:Possibly an earlier origin based on
586:
558:
502:
492:
462:
452:
1096:Kuramoto, T.; et al. (2015).
25:
816:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x
613:
569:
529:
284:
156:
866:Sangster, G.; Mayr, G. (2021).
749:Molecular Biology and Evolution
689:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1010:Yuri, T.; et al. (2013).
1:
1102:Genome Biology and Evolution
596:(boobies, cormorants, etc.)
1200:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.003
1075:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
1338:
1164:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027
849:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027
730:December 16, 2009, at the
363:Aequornithes includes the
29:
1317:Taxa named by Gerald Mayr
607:
591:
584:
563:
556:
523:
507:
500:
490:
467:
460:
441:) together styled as the
258:Sangster & Mayr, 2021
245:
238:
153:Scientific classification
151:
139:
130:
41:
512:(albatross and petrels)
30:Not to be confused with
1312:Birds by classification
981:10.1126/science.1157704
928:10.1126/science.1253451
1029:10.3390/biology2010419
762:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
725:Supplementary Material
45:Temporal range: Early
1284:Paleobiology Database
797:Mayr, Gerald (2011).
712:10.1093/molbev/msj124
330:, expanse of water +
1063:Mol Phylogenet Evol
973:2008Sci...320.1763H
967:(5884): 1763–1768.
920:2014Sci...346.1320J
914:(6215): 1320–1331.
1114:10.1093/gbe/evv213
872:Vertebrate Zoology
497:Procellariimorphae
263:Austrodyptornithes
145:Thalassarche cauta
1299:
1298:
1224:Taxon identifiers
1108:(12): 3180–3189.
696:(#6): 1144–1155.
662:
661:
653:
652:
644:
643:
635:
634:
626:
625:
542:
541:
510:Procellariiformes
447:Phaethoquornithes
376:Procellariiformes
347:Phalacrocoracidae
277:
276:
234:
213:Phaethoquornithes
125:
32:Aequorlitornithes
16:(Redirected from
1329:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1007:
1001:
1000:
956:
950:
949:
939:
899:
890:
889:
887:
863:
854:
853:
851:
827:
821:
820:
818:
794:
785:
784:
774:
764:
740:
734:
723:
705:
682:
617:
587:
573:
559:
533:
503:
493:
463:
453:
439:Phaethontiformes
339:core water birds
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
259:
229:
161:
160:
135:
120:
119:
56:
39:
21:
18:Higher waterbird
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1009:
1008:
1004:
958:
957:
953:
901:
900:
893:
865:
864:
857:
829:
828:
824:
796:
795:
788:
742:
741:
737:
732:Wayback Machine
703:10.1.1.113.4549
684:
683:
679:
674:
663:
654:
645:
636:
627:
553:Pelecanimorphae
543:
526:Sphenisciformes
487:Feraequornithes
443:Eurypygimorphae
416:Charadriiformes
372:Sphenisciformes
287:
283:
268:Pelecanimorphae
257:
256:
254:Feraequornithes
228:
155:
126:
123:molecular clock
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1252:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1178:
1151:Avian Research
1137:
1088:
1069:(3): 1021–32.
1053:
1022:(1): 419–444.
1002:
951:
891:
855:
836:Avian Research
822:
786:
735:
676:
675:
673:
670:
660:
659:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
619:
610:Pelecaniformes
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
590:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
562:
557:
555:
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
539:
536:
535:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
506:
501:
499:
491:
489:
483:
482:
479:
478:
466:
461:
459:
451:
435:Eurypygiformes
400:Mirandornithes
388:Pelecaniformes
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
270:
265:
251:
243:
242:
236:
235:
223:
216:
215:
210:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
149:
148:
137:
136:
128:
127:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
44:
27:Clade of birds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
955:
952:
947:
943:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
896:
892:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
860:
856:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
826:
823:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
736:
733:
729:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
699:
695:
691:
690:
681:
678:
671:
669:
667:
658:
657:
649:
648:
640:
639:
631:
630:
622:
621:
618:
616:
611:
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:
595:
589:
588:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
572:
567:
566:Ciconiiformes
561:
560:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
538:
537:
534:
532:
527:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
511:
505:
504:
498:
495:
494:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
475:
471:
465:
464:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
422:(waterfowl).
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Ciconiiformes
377:
373:
369:
366:
361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
337:, birds), or
336:
333:
329:
326:
320:
281:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
244:
241:
237:
232:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
154:
150:
146:
142:
141:Shy albatross
138:
134:
129:
124:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1262:Aequornithes
1232:Aequornithes
1231:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1019:
1015:
1005:
964:
960:
954:
911:
907:
875:
871:
839:
835:
825:
809:(1): 58–76.
806:
802:
752:
748:
738:
693:
687:
680:
664:
608:
592:
564:
524:
508:
468:
457:Aequornithes
456:
424:
420:Anseriformes
362:
358:phylogenetic
351:
338:
334:
327:
280:Aequornithes
279:
278:
253:
226:Aequornithes
225:
219:
206:
144:
49:–Holocene
42:Aequornithes
36:
1256:Wikispecies
755:: 108–127.
528:(penguins)
470:Gaviiformes
368:Gaviiformes
249:Gaviiformes
1306:Categories
1157:: 100027.
842:: 100027.
672:References
594:Suliformes
431:sunbittern
418:), or the
404:shorebirds
384:Suliformes
52:62–0
1194:: 53–63.
1173:247988800
878:: 49–53.
698:CiteSeerX
666:Cladogram
568:(storks)
392:flamingos
360:studies.
354:monophyly
176:Kingdom:
170:Eukaryota
47:Paleocene
1276:51381590
1241:Wikidata
1208:25550149
1132:26527652
1083:23791948
1048:24832669
989:18583609
946:25504713
781:32781465
728:Archived
720:16533822
343:Gaviidae
335:ornithes
190:Chordata
186:Phylum:
180:Animalia
166:Domain:
1123:4700946
1039:4009869
1016:Biology
997:6472805
969:Bibcode
961:Science
937:4405904
916:Bibcode
908:Science
772:7783168
323:, from
196:Class:
1289:206280
1247:Q43657
1206:
1171:
1130:
1120:
1081:
1046:
1036:
995:
987:
944:
934:
779:
769:
718:
700:
410:, and
396:grebes
365:clades
328:aequor
240:Clades
233:, 2010
1169:S2CID
993:S2CID
474:loons
408:gulls
332:Greek
325:Latin
220:Clade
207:Clade
1204:PMID
1128:PMID
1079:PMID
1044:PMID
985:PMID
942:PMID
777:PMID
716:PMID
429:and
427:kagu
412:auks
394:and
386:and
352:The
345:and
231:Mayr
200:Aves
60:PreꞒ
1271:EoL
1196:doi
1159:doi
1118:PMC
1110:doi
1071:doi
1034:PMC
1024:doi
977:doi
965:320
932:PMC
924:doi
912:346
880:doi
844:doi
811:doi
767:PMC
757:doi
708:doi
449:.
402:),
349:".
298:ɔːr
1308::
1286::
1273::
1258::
1243::
1202:.
1192:84
1190:.
1167:.
1155:13
1153:.
1149:.
1126:.
1116:.
1104:.
1100:.
1077:.
1067:69
1065:.
1042:.
1032:.
1018:.
1014:.
991:.
983:.
975:.
963:.
940:.
930:.
922:.
910:.
906:.
894:^
876:71
874:.
870:.
858:^
840:13
838:.
834:.
807:49
805:.
801:.
789:^
775:.
765:.
753:38
751:.
747:.
714:.
706:.
694:23
692:.
476:)
406:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
313:iː
289:iː
222::
209::
147:)
110:Pg
54:Ma
1210:.
1198::
1175:.
1161::
1134:.
1112::
1106:7
1085:.
1073::
1050:.
1026::
1020:2
999:.
979::
971::
948:.
926::
918::
888:.
882::
852:.
846::
819:.
813::
783:.
759::
722:.
710::
472:(
433:(
414:(
398:(
319:/
316:z
310:θ
307:ɪ
304:n
301:ˈ
295:w
292:k
286:/
282:(
143:(
115:N
105:K
100:J
95:T
90:P
85:C
80:D
75:S
70:O
65:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
