638:, typically offered specific vocational, career, or technical programs. Regionally accredited institutions employed large numbers of full-time faculty, and the faculty set the academic policies. Regionally-accredited schools were required to have adequate library facilities. Except for some specific subject areas such as nursing, nationally accredited schools did not hire many full-time faculty, usually hiring faculty by the course, without benefits and with no influence on the school's academic policies, which were determined by non-academic administrators, and ultimately investors. Their library facilities, if they existed at all, were far inferior to those of regionally-accredited schools. While there were some legitimate and well-intentioned nationally accredited schools, similar to for-profit institutions with regional accreditation, some institutions existed with little educational rigor. Some critics considered national accreditation to be not as reputable as regional accreditation. Schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges, a national accreditor, were occasionally sued for leading prospective students to believe, incorrectly, that they would have no problem transferring their credits to a regionally accredited school.
619:
students by colleges and universities. These seven agencies were membership organizations of educational institutions within their geographic regions. Initially, the main focus of the organizations was to accredit secondary schools and to establish uniform college entrance requirements. Accreditation of colleges and universities followed later, with each of the accrediting agencies splitting into separate organizations with one or more of those organizations focused exclusively on accrediting colleges and universities. The higher education institutions holding regional accreditation were primarily
544:. The original GI Bill legislation had stimulated establishment of new colleges and universities to accommodate the influx of new students, but some of these new institutions were of dubious quality. The 1952 legislation designated the existing peer review process as the basis for measuring institutional quality; GI Bill eligibility was limited to students enrolled at accredited institutions included on a list of federally recognized accredited institutions published by the
474:
463:
604:. Regional bodies historically accredited institutions in a particular region of the country. National bodies were established to accredit institutions across the country, and sometimes beyond it. Within American higher education, regional bodies were considered more prestigious. (The regional bodies were older, and included the most well established institutions.)
608:
student experiences, uphold quality standards, and reduce the cost of higher education by encouraging transparent transfer of credits and mutual recognition of degrees between schools with common standards. It also claimed that the change was intended to allow students to be able to access the best school for their needs no matter what region they reside in.
2382:, reject these claims, arguing that they are "picking around the edges" of a proven and necessary system for upholding standards. Thomas C. Reeves notes that some schools unable or unwilling to meet the standards of traditional, regional accrediting bodies are closely involved in creating national accrediting agencies with significantly lower standards.
2378:(ACTA) argued that the system does not ensure or protect educational quality, while still imposing significant costs. In a 2006 "issue paper", Robert C. Dickeson wrote that a lack of transparency, low and lax standards, and outdated regionalization were among the problems with regional accreditation. Others, such as Edward M. Elmendorf of the
2403:
An article published by "University World News" on 2 February 2018 stated that the higher education accreditation community, which confers the quality-assurance seal of approval that allows United States colleges and universities access to billions of dollars of federal student aid, must do a better
618:
Historically, educational accreditation activities in the United States were overseen by seven regional accrediting agencies established in the late 19th and early 20th century to foster articulation between secondary schools and higher education institutions, particularly evaluation of prospective
842:
These accreditors typically cover a specific program of professional education or training, but in some cases they cover the whole institution. Best practices are shared and developed through affiliation with the
Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors. Both the US Department of
607:
In
February 2020, the Department of Education eliminated the distinction between regional and national accrediting agencies, creating one unified set of institutional accreditors. The department claimed that the change was intended to encourage cooperation between accredited schools to improve
2399:
proposed changes in the accreditation system to hold "colleges accountable for cost, value, and quality". He requested
Congress change the Higher Education Act so that affordability and value are considered in determining which institutions are accredited and allow students access to federal
576:
is required by law to publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies that the secretary has determined to be reliable authorities on the quality of education or training provided by the institutions of higher education and the higher education programs they accredit.
2404:
job of explaining itself to the public if it wants to reverse waning public confidence in higher education. That was one of the tamer recommendations voiced at a conference for accreditors, who are feeling the brunt of growing scepticism about the value of a US college degree.
2362:
classes and institutions. A frequent point of discussion and criticism is that the traditional system is limited to measuring "input" factors, such as adequate facilities and properly credentialed faculty, rather than the quality of a school's educational output.
2345:
has been restricted to accredited institutions, but non-qualifying institutions can still use .edu domain names obtained before the current rules came into force. A prominent example of such a domain name registered before the current rules came into force is
1414:
567:
and provide guidelines as well as resources and relevant data regarding these accreditors. Neither the U.S. Department of
Education nor CHEA accredit individual institutions. With the creation of the U.S. Department of Education and under the terms of the
3461:
2394:
recognizes that there are criticisms, but has opposed these calls for reform, with
President Judith S. Eaton arguing that the system is successful and needs to remain flexible to accommodate differences between schools and disciplines. In 2013, President
2385:
At various times the U.S. government has investigated changes to the accreditation system. In 2002 the House of
Representatives Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness criticized the system. Accreditation was a major topic of the
2318:
and graduate schools of theology, as well as broader-scope universities that teach from a religious viewpoint and may require students and/or faculty to subscribe to a statement of faith. Additionally, as of 2009, 20 U.S. states and
3454:
1651:
246:
3447:
3550:
2295:
2284:
Although many schools related to religious organizations hold regional accreditation or secular national accreditation, there are four different agencies that specialize in accreditation of religious schools:
2418:
2164:
2413:
1468:
1504:
1378:
2608:
Fred F. Harcleroad and Judith S. Eaton (2005), "The Hidden Hand: External
Constituencies and their Impact," Chapter 9 in Philip G. Altbach, Robert Oliver Berdahl, and Patricia J. Gumport, editors,
826:
451:
55:
3495:
2034:
866:
660:
2370:, Christopher J. Lucas criticized the accreditation system as too expensive, onerously complicated, incestuous in its organization, and not properly tied to quality. Similarly, a 2002 report by
3655:
2307:
821:
526:. It is coordinated by accreditation commissions made up of member institutions. It was first undertaken in the late 19th century by cooperating educational institutions, on a regional basis.
360:
3342:
U.S. accreditation, then, is a robust, complex and unwieldy and sometimes controversial enterprise. These are the first things that we see when we 'take a look at ourselves, accreditation...'
615:
became the first accreditor to formally change its membership rules and requirements to allow institutions outside its historical geographic region to apply for membership and accreditation.
1871:
3510:
675:
2727:
3660:
2268:
2052:
59:
3485:
650:
3540:
2379:
2289:
2146:
939:
705:
3505:
1705:
670:
333:
131:
3555:
1578:
1432:
1090:
720:
409:
355:
399:
64:
3645:
3620:
3600:
2070:
902:
811:
780:
665:
308:
1450:
387:
1778:
1320:
502:
340:
236:
225:
1925:
3691:
3490:
1035:
655:
433:
2494:
831:
760:
612:
1017:
3650:
3595:
1741:
979:
816:
755:
241:
165:
3570:
2776:
2448:"Recognition of Accreditation Organizations: A Comparison of Policy & Practice of Voluntary Accreditation and The United States Department of Education"
1053:
3665:
1358:
298:
288:
231:
2358:
Various commenters have written about the role and effectiveness of the
American accreditation system. It has drawn particular interest since the rise of
3640:
3324:
2888:
2391:
1889:
1540:
800:
556:
266:
175:
2581:
3565:
1760:
1522:
730:
3580:
3535:
2301:
1339:
1184:
740:
700:
634:
Regionally accredited schools were usually academically oriented and most were non-profit. Nationally accredited schools, a large number of which are
345:
323:
185:
69:
3630:
2108:
1943:
957:
790:
441:
392:
2323:
had some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight.
3686:
3590:
3119:
2375:
1907:
1282:
750:
382:
328:
170:
26:
3615:
2657:
775:
2250:
Several organizations exist that accredit institutions and which are not recognized by the U.S. Department of
Education or CHEA. These include:
1980:
1486:
3530:
2273:
1961:
1814:
1302:
1243:
695:
437:
365:
148:
3474:
2987:
2944:
2625:
1223:
1071:
601:
445:
293:
195:
94:
84:
3610:
3383:
2016:
770:
350:
283:
212:
158:
136:
126:
3439:
2201:
495:
370:
153:
116:
1146:
3319:
1687:
1262:
961:
920:
884:
715:
271:
180:
121:
2675:
3575:
3360:
3235:
3095:
2707:
2617:
2530:
2242:
which provides background on the process, accords, agreements, and accrediting bodies related to engineering and computing degrees.
1796:
735:
3545:
2936:
2557:
998:
710:
1633:
3560:
3525:
3520:
1852:
1597:
1204:
1128:
1109:
725:
690:
685:
404:
89:
79:
3635:
2642:
2447:
2127:
1396:
795:
3605:
1998:
1833:
1669:
805:
765:
141:
74:
3625:
2089:
785:
2959:
2219:
545:
530:
488:
35:
1615:
2911:
560:
111:
2967:
2862:
2810:
2510:
2183:
1165:
569:
552:
3500:
1559:
573:
2491:
3585:
745:
3112:
2784:
375:
207:
3515:
1723:
680:
2535:
2255:
628:
600:
Prior to 2020, there were regional and national accrediting agencies, both of which were accountable to the
2981:
3388:
2238:
For broad resources on how programmatic accreditation is managed in the United States (and globally) see
3134:
624:
261:
251:
3411:
580:
Professional schools, which are often graduate schools, have separate organizations for accreditation.
2654:
646:
The U.S. Department of
Education recognizes the following organizations as institutional accreditors:
3292:
2387:
478:
313:
303:
256:
2371:
3306:
Accreditation, along with federal and state regulation, can impede creative new approaches as well.
278:
3486:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
2858:
2806:
651:
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
3274:
3178:
3064:
3026:
2610:
American higher education in the twenty-first century: social, political, and economic challenges
2568:
2423:
635:
589:
522:
process by which the validity of degrees and credits awarded by higher education institutions is
3230:
3091:
2884:
2703:
2621:
2613:
2609:
523:
2697:
3355:
3266:
3202:
3170:
3056:
3018:
2585:
2338:
623:
institutions, with significant exceptions, as the largest US for-profit universities (e.g.,
564:
541:
467:
3329:
3147:
2963:
2940:
2753:
2661:
2498:
3197:
2454:
2933:
1415:
Commission on Accreditation for Health Informatics and Information Management Education
588:
Institutional accreditation applies to the entire institution, specific programs, and
3680:
2479:
318:
3278:
3182:
3068:
3030:
2514:
2396:
2347:
2314:
These groups specialize in accrediting theological and religious schools including
3435:
Accreditation: Postsecondary Education Institutions – U.S. Department of Education
3296:
2956:
2714:
Regional accreditation is considered more prestigious than national accreditation.
2567:
Judith Eaton, CHEA President Expresses Pros and Cons for Regionals going National
3084:
2320:
519:
2359:
2315:
1779:
Council on Accreditation of Parks, Recreation, Tourism and Related Professions
620:
538:
2957:
Exemptions from the higher education licensing process for religious colleges
2556:
2020 February USDoEd Final Accreditation and State Authorization Regulations
1926:
Joint Review Committee on Educational Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology
843:
Education and CHEA maintain lists of recognized US programmatic accreditors:
534:
3257:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3161:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3047:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
3009:
Reeves, Thomas C. (2003). "Storm Clouds on the Digital Education Horizon".
2910:
The Committee of Bar Examiners, State Bar of California (August 28, 2009).
429:
462:
1652:
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
1018:
Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant
3270:
3174:
3060:
3022:
2859:"Accreditation in the United States: Programmatic Accrediting Agencies"
2676:"Regional Accreditation vs National Accreditation for Online Colleges"
2400:
financial aid; his criticism was directed at for-profit institutions.
1054:
Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
3434:
3356:"Obama's Accreditation Proposals Surprise Higher-Education Leaders"
2945:
Oregon Student Assistance Commission Office of Degree Authorization
1890:
International Fire Service Accreditation Congress - Degree Assembly
3298:
A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of U.S. Higher Education
3231:"Lawmakers Call for More Accountability From Accreditation System"
2296:
Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada
563:) both recognize reputable accrediting bodies for institutions of
3566:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
2419:
List of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations
1761:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
1523:
Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Education Programs
731:
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs
2342:
2332:
2165:
Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration
3443:
2414:
List of recognized higher education accreditation organizations
2239:
1469:
Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs
2569:
https://www.chea.org/will-regional-accreditation-go-national-0
1505:
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education
1379:
Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
958:
Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics
3661:
WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
3086:
Crisis in the Academy: Rethinking Higher Education in America
1074:
Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission
827:
WASC Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges
3591:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
3496:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
2832:
2035:
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
1908:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
1226:, Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
867:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
751:
Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
661:
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine
3656:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
3616:
National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences
3304:. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. p. 5.
2308:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
1187:, Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education
822:
Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools
776:
National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences
16:
University accreditation in the U.S., a peer-review process
1981:
Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council
1872:
International Accreditation Council for Business Education
1487:
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
3511:
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training
3470:
2833:"Association of Professional and Specialized Accreditors"
1303:
Association for Advancing Quality in Educator Preparation
676:
Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training
2269:
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools
2053:
National Association for the Education of Young Children
3541:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2390:, which released its report on September 26, 2006. The
2380:
American Association of State Colleges and Universities
2290:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
2147:
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education
940:
Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs
706:
Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools
529:
The federal government began to play a limited role in
3611:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
2017:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
771:
Montessori Accreditation Council for Teacher Education
3506:
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
3384:"Obama wants cost to feature in accreditation scheme"
2350:, a for-profit social networking site for academics.
1706:
Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation
671:
Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
3556:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
1579:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
1433:
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
1091:
American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences
721:
Commission on English Language Program Accreditation
3113:"Can college accreditation live up to its promise?"
2202:
Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System
516:
Higher education accreditation in the United States
3412:"HE accreditation sector faces pressure to reform"
3083:
2655:Accreditation and Recognition in the United States
1207:, Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation
3646:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
3621:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
3501:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
2726:Heffter, Emily; Perry, Nick (February 24, 2006).
2699:The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession
2071:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
1147:American Culinary Federation Education Foundation
903:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
812:Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
781:National Association of Schools of Art and Design
666:Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing
2777:"A Battle Over Standards At For-Profit Colleges"
1688:Council for Standards in Human Service Education
1451:Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care
921:Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education
885:Accreditation Commission for Audiology Education
2983:Diploma Mills and Accreditation – Diploma Mills
1321:Association for Behavior Analysis International
3491:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
2531:"Battle rages on accreditation, college money"
2492:Complete List of National Accrediting Agencies
2167:, Commission on Peer Review and Accreditation
1036:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
656:Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools
3666:WASC Senior College and University Commission
3601:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
3546:Association of Institutions of Jewish Studies
3455:
999:Accreditation Council on Optometric Education
832:WASC Senior College and University Commission
761:Middle States Commission on Secondary Schools
711:Association of Institutions of Jewish Studies
613:WASC Senior College and University Commission
496:
8:
3651:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
3596:Middle States Commission on Higher Education
2638:
2636:
2634:
1742:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
1634:Commission on Sport Management Accreditation
980:Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
817:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
756:Middle States Commission on Higher Education
611:Four months after this change was made, the
3561:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
3521:American Board of Funeral Service Education
3320:"Taking a look at ourselves, accreditation"
3111:Leef, George C.; Burris, Roxana D. (2002).
3042:
3040:
1598:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
1359:Association for Clinical Pastoral Education
1129:American Council for Construction Education
1110:American Board of Funeral Service Education
726:Commission on Massage Therapy Accreditation
686:American Board of Funeral Service Education
3641:New England Commission of Higher Education
3636:National Association of Schools of Theatre
3462:
3448:
3440:
3325:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2913:Guidelines for Accredited Law School Rules
2889:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2392:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
2128:National Association of Schools of Theatre
1541:Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education
1397:Aviation Accreditation Board International
845:
801:New England Commission of Higher Education
796:National Association of Schools of Theatre
557:Council for Higher Education Accreditation
503:
489:
20:
3606:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
3581:Distance Education Accrediting Commission
3536:Association for Biblical Higher Education
3224:
3222:
3220:
2604:
2602:
2582:"Go East (or North), Regional Accreditor"
2302:Association for Biblical Higher Education
1999:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
1834:Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
1670:Council for Interior Design Accreditation
1340:Association for Biblical Higher Education
1246:, Council on Podiatric Medical Education
1185:American Occupational Therapy Association
766:Midwifery Education Accreditation Council
741:Distance Education Accrediting Commission
701:Association for Biblical Higher Education
70:History of education in the United States
3631:National Association of Schools of Music
3626:National Association of Schools of Dance
3259:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3163:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3049:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
3011:Journal of Computing in Higher Education
2885:"Programmatic Accrediting Organizations"
2643:History of the North Central Association
2109:National Association of Schools of Music
2090:National Association of Schools of Dance
1944:American Society of Landscape Architects
791:National Association of Schools of Music
786:National Association of Schools of Dance
3471:Postsecondary institutional accreditors
3410:Mary Beth Marklein (February 2, 2018).
3120:American Council of Trustees and Alumni
2524:
2522:
2439:
2376:American Council of Trustees and Alumni
2220:Teacher Education Accreditation Council
1283:American Veterinary Medical Association
420:
194:
102:
47:
34:
3531:American Podiatric Medical Association
3143:
3132:
2752:Billman, Jeffrey C. (April 14, 2005).
2274:American Academy for Liberal Education
1962:Liaison Committee on Medical Education
1815:Council on Education for Public Health
1616:Commission on Opticianry Accreditation
1244:American Podiatric Medical Association
696:American Podiatric Medical Association
3692:Higher education in the United States
3318:Eaton, Judith S. (June 28–29, 2001).
2988:United States Department of Education
2327:Use of .edu top-level Internet domain
1224:American Physical Therapy Association
1072:American Academy of Forensic Sciences
95:History of education in New York City
85:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
3354:Eric Kelderman (February 13, 2013).
2807:"Institutional Accrediting Agencies"
2580:Lederman, Doug (February 27, 2020).
2453:. CHEA. January 1998. Archived from
642:Recognized institutional accreditors
533:in 1952 with reauthorization of the
3229:Richard Morgan (October 11, 2002).
2775:Hechinger, John (October 3, 2005).
2728:"Student Takes on College and Wins"
808:, and the Commissioner of Education
631:) achieved regional accreditation.
596:Regional and national accreditation
3551:Association of Theological Schools
3198:"Dropping a Bomb on Accreditation"
2515:Accreditation in the United States
2480:Accreditation in the United States
1975:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1847:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1828:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1755:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1592:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1573:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1554:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1373:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1297:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1277:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1263:American Psychological Association
1238:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1199:Not eligible for Title IV funding
1012:Not eligible for Title IV funding
993:Not eligible for Title IV funding
962:Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
934:Not eligible for Title IV funding
716:Association of Theological Schools
14:
3576:Council on Occupational Education
3571:Council on Chiropractic Education
3361:The Chronicle of Higher Education
3236:The Chronicle of Higher Education
2529:Aasen, Adam (November 18, 2008).
1797:Council on Chiropractic Education
736:Council on Chiropractic Education
3526:American Osteopathic Association
3382:Chris Parr (February 21, 2013).
3196:Doug Lederman (March 31, 2006).
3090:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2970:website, accessed March 21, 2018
2947:website, accessed March 21, 2011
1853:Council on Social Work Education
1205:American Osteopathic Association
691:American Osteopathic Association
472:
461:
90:History of education in Missouri
80:History of education in Kentucky
2795:– via Collegejournal.com.
2263:Formerly recognized accreditors
806:New York State Board of Regents
75:History of education in Chicago
3687:Higher education accreditation
3082:Lucas, Christopher J. (1996).
2478:U.S. Department of Education,
1855:, Commission on Accreditation
1265:, Commission on Accreditation
546:U.S. Commissioner of Education
531:higher education accreditation
410:Full-service community schools
1:
3322:. Letter from the President.
1168:, Committee on Accreditation
1112:, Committee on Accreditation
561:non-governmental organization
3475:U.S. Department of Education
2968:Connecticut General Assembly
2863:U.S. Department of Education
2811:U.S. Department of Education
2511:U.S. Department of Education
2374:and Roxana D. Burris of the
2246:Other recognized accreditors
2184:Planning Accreditation Board
2130:Commission on Accreditation
2111:Commission on Accreditation
2092:Commission on Accreditation
2073:Commission on Accreditation
1342:Commission on Accreditation
1166:American Library Association
1093:, Council for Accreditation
570:Higher Education Act of 1965
553:U.S. Department of Education
2980:".edu Internet Addresses".
2337:Since 2001, the use of the
1560:American Dental Association
1361:, Accreditation Commission
584:Institutional accreditation
574:U.S. Secretary of Education
388:For-profit higher education
3708:
3586:Higher Learning Commission
2354:Criticism of accreditation
2330:
2258:Committee of Bar Examiners
838:Programmatic accreditation
746:Higher Learning Commission
341:School corporal punishment
3481:
2741:– via nwsource.com.
2702:. Routledge. p. 48.
2696:Lechuga, Vicente (2005).
2339:top-level internet domain
1149:, Accrediting Commission
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
376:School-to-work transition
3516:American Bar Association
2934:Religious Exempt Schools
2490:College Review Journal,
1724:American Bar Association
681:American Bar Association
479:United States portal
25:This article is part of
2612:. Page 263. JHU Press.
2536:The Florida Times-Union
2256:State Bar of California
1285:, Council on Education
629:Grand Canyon University
602:Department of Education
592:within an institution.
197:Education policy issues
166:Environmental education
3389:Times Higher Education
3142:Cite journal requires
334:Standards-based reform
309:Gender achievement gap
299:Racial achievement gap
232:Educational attainment
2368:Crisis in the Academy
2280:Religious accreditors
625:University of Phoenix
400:Research universities
267:Student financial aid
262:Graduate unemployment
237:Post-secondary issues
213:Primary and secondary
176:Mathematics education
3293:Spellings Commission
2388:Spellings Commission
1323:Accreditation Board
468:Education portal
304:Desegregation busing
257:Elite overproduction
186:Vocational education
2990:. December 23, 2009
2787:on December 4, 2008
2781:Wall Street Journal
2756:. Orlandoweekly.com
421:Levels of education
393:For-profit colleges
361:Foreign involvement
3473:recognized by the
3271:10.1007/BF02940850
3175:10.1007/BF02940850
3061:10.1007/BF02940850
3023:10.1007/BF02940850
2962:2018-03-21 at the
2939:2011-02-21 at the
2660:2012-03-07 at the
2497:2011-06-16 at the
2424:Accreditation mill
590:distance education
572:, as amended, the
383:Community colleges
329:School segregation
247:Cost and financing
171:Language education
3674:
3673:
3332:on March 22, 2013
2674:Geteducated.com.
2653:Judith S. Eaton,
2626:978-0-8018-8035-3
2366:In his 1996 book
2240:Accreditation.org
2236:
2235:
858:USDE Recognized?
855:CHEA Recognized?
513:
512:
366:Special education
356:Sexual harassment
149:Medical education
103:Curriculum topics
39:
3699:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3328:. Archived from
3315:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3265:(1): 12, 14–15.
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3203:Inside Higher Ed
3193:
3187:
3186:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2954:
2948:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:. March 31, 2003
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2783:. Archived from
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2671:
2665:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2629:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2586:Inside Higher Ed
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2460:on June 15, 2010
2459:
2452:
2444:
846:
565:higher education
505:
498:
491:
477:
476:
475:
466:
465:
405:Community school
324:Racial diversity
294:Achievement gaps
198:
60:in insular areas
42:
38:Education in the
37:
21:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3477:
3468:
3431:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3335:
3333:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3228:
3227:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3141:
3131:
3124:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:Wayback Machine
2955:
2951:
2941:Wayback Machine
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2865:. June 28, 2021
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2754:"Bad Education"
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2662:Wayback Machine
2652:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2607:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2509:
2505:
2499:Wayback Machine
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2446:
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2441:
2437:
2432:
2410:
2356:
2335:
2329:
2282:
2265:
2248:
840:
644:
598:
586:
509:
473:
471:
470:
460:
434:Early childhood
416:
351:School violence
284:Charter schools
196:
190:
159:Nursing degrees
137:Legal education
132:Music education
127:Civic education
65:By subject area
40:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3679:
3678:
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3430:
3429:External links
3427:
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3144:|journal=
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2372:George C. Leef
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2732:Seattle Times
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2709:9781135508678
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2664:, CHEA, 2008.
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2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:COAMFTE-AAMFT
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
959:
956:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
849:Organization
847:
844:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
641:
639:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
616:
614:
609:
605:
603:
595:
593:
591:
583:
581:
578:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
506:
501:
499:
494:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
480:
469:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:Organizations
450:
448:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
425:
424:
419:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
401:
398:
394:
391:
390:
389:
386:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
319:School choice
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:Student loans
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
252:Credentialism
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
227:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:Accreditation
206:
205:
203:
202:
199:
193:
187:
184:
182:
181:Sex education
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Art education
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
57:
54:
53:
52:
51:
46:
43:
41:United States
33:
30:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3415:. Retrieved
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3387:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3359:
3349:
3341:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:the original
3323:
3313:
3305:
3297:
3287:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3242:September 7,
3240:. Retrieved
3234:
3207:. Retrieved
3201:
3191:
3169:(1): 13–14.
3166:
3162:
3156:
3135:cite journal
3125:September 7,
3123:. Retrieved
3106:
3085:
3077:
3052:
3048:
3017:(1): 12–13.
3014:
3010:
3004:
2994:February 19,
2992:. Retrieved
2982:
2975:
2952:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2837:ASPA-USA.org
2836:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2780:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2721:
2713:
2698:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2669:
2649:
2589:. Retrieved
2575:
2563:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2534:
2506:
2486:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2455:the original
2442:
2402:
2397:Barack Obama
2384:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2348:Academia.edu
2336:
2313:
2283:
2249:
2237:
2170:NASPAA-COPRA
841:
645:
633:
617:
610:
606:
599:
587:
579:
550:
528:
515:
514:
428:
346:School meals
224:
217:
24:
18:
2464:November 6,
2321:Puerto Rico
520:peer review
3681:Categories
3417:August 19,
2919:October 4,
2435:References
2360:e-learning
2316:seminaries
1229:APTA-CAPTE
1190:AOTA-ACOTE
1077:AAFS-FEPAC
636:for-profit
621:non-profit
559:(CHEA) (a
539:Korean War
314:Head Start
289:Inequality
142:Law school
3395:April 19,
3367:April 12,
3336:April 12,
3055:(1): 14.
2681:March 20,
2591:April 23,
1948:LAAB-ASLA
1249:APMA-CPME
1096:AAFCS-CFA
535:G.I. Bill
442:Secondary
226:Financing
3295:(2006).
3279:15523346
3183:15523346
3069:15523346
3031:15523346
2960:Archived
2937:Archived
2658:Archived
2495:Archived
2408:See also
1894:IFSAC-DA
1858:CSWE-COA
1746:CAA-ASHA
1364:ACPE Inc
1288:AVMA-COE
1210:AOA-COCA
1152:ACFEF-AC
852:Acronym
555:and the
542:veterans
112:Literacy
56:By state
27:a series
3209:May 17,
2895:July 3,
2869:July 3,
2843:June 1,
2817:May 25,
2791:June 1,
2760:June 1,
2737:June 1,
2542:June 3,
2310:(TRACS)
2292:(AARTS)
1268:APA-CoA
1171:ALA-CoA
524:assured
438:Primary
48:Summary
3277:
3181:
3094:
3067:
3029:
2891:. 2021
2813:. 2021
2706:
2624:
2616:
2304:(ABHE)
2039:NAACLS
1930:JRCNMT
1912:JRCERT
1783:COAPRT
1656:CACREP
1620:COA-OP
1527:CAMPEP
1473:CAAHEP
1419:CAHIIM
1058:ACEJMC
1022:ARC-PA
279:Reform
242:Bubble
3302:(PDF)
3275:S2CID
3179:S2CID
3116:(PDF)
3065:S2CID
3027:S2CID
2458:(PDF)
2451:(PDF)
2430:Notes
2298:(ATS)
2206:PCSAS
2151:NCATE
2076:NASAD
2057:NAEYC
2021:MACTE
1985:MPCAC
1876:IACBE
1692:CSHSE
1638:COSMA
1602:COMTA
1509:CAHME
1491:CAATE
1455:CoARC
1383:ATMAE
1307:AAQEP
1115:ABFSE
1040:ABHES
966:ACEND
944:ACBSP
871:ACAOM
861:Note
518:is a
3419:2020
3397:2013
3369:2013
3338:2013
3244:2012
3211:2013
3148:help
3127:2012
3092:ISBN
2996:2010
2921:2010
2897:2021
2871:2021
2845:2010
2819:2021
2793:2010
2762:2010
2739:2010
2704:ISBN
2683:2018
2622:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2593:2022
2544:2011
2466:2009
2343:.edu
2333:.edu
2254:The
2224:TEAC
2133:NAST
2114:NASM
2095:NASD
2003:MEAC
1966:LCME
1838:CNME
1819:CEPH
1710:CAEP
1674:CIDA
1564:CODA
1545:CCNE
1401:AABI
1345:ABHE
1326:ABAI
1133:ACCE
1003:ACOE
984:ACPE
925:ACME
907:ACEN
889:ACAE
551:The
537:for
444:) –
430:K–12
58:and
3267:doi
3171:doi
3057:doi
3019:doi
2230:Yes
2227:Yes
2209:Yes
2191:Yes
2188:PAB
2173:Yes
2157:Yes
2154:Yes
2139:Yes
2120:Yes
2101:Yes
2082:Yes
2060:Yes
2042:Yes
2027:Yes
2009:Yes
1988:Yes
1972:Yes
1951:Yes
1933:Yes
1918:Yes
1915:Yes
1897:Yes
1879:Yes
1861:Yes
1844:Yes
1825:Yes
1807:Yes
1804:Yes
1801:CCE
1786:Yes
1771:Yes
1768:Yes
1765:COA
1752:Yes
1749:Yes
1734:Yes
1728:ABA
1713:Yes
1695:Yes
1677:Yes
1659:Yes
1641:Yes
1623:Yes
1608:Yes
1589:Yes
1583:CEA
1570:Yes
1551:Yes
1530:Yes
1512:Yes
1494:Yes
1476:Yes
1458:Yes
1440:Yes
1422:Yes
1404:Yes
1386:Yes
1370:Yes
1351:Yes
1348:Yes
1329:Yes
1310:Yes
1294:Yes
1291:Yes
1274:Yes
1271:Yes
1255:Yes
1252:Yes
1235:Yes
1232:Yes
1216:Yes
1196:Yes
1193:Yes
1174:Yes
1155:Yes
1136:Yes
1121:Yes
1118:Yes
1099:Yes
1080:Yes
1061:Yes
1046:Yes
1025:Yes
1009:Yes
1006:Yes
990:Yes
987:Yes
972:Yes
947:Yes
931:Yes
913:Yes
910:Yes
892:Yes
877:Yes
3683::
3386:.
3358:.
3340:.
3273:.
3263:15
3261:.
3233:.
3219:^
3200:.
3177:.
3167:15
3165:.
3139::
3137:}}
3133:{{
3118:.
3063:.
3053:15
3051:.
3039:^
3025:.
3015:15
3013:.
2986:.
2966:,
2943:,
2887:.
2861:.
2835:.
2809:.
2779:.
2730:.
2712:.
2633:^
2620:,
2601:^
2584:.
2533:.
2521:^
2513:,
2341:,
2212:No
2194:No
2176:No
2136:No
2117:No
2098:No
2079:No
2063:No
2045:No
2024:No
2006:No
1991:No
1969:No
1954:No
1936:No
1900:No
1882:No
1864:No
1841:No
1822:No
1789:No
1731:No
1716:No
1698:No
1680:No
1662:No
1644:No
1626:No
1605:No
1586:No
1567:No
1548:No
1533:No
1515:No
1497:No
1479:No
1461:No
1443:No
1425:No
1407:No
1389:No
1367:No
1332:No
1313:No
1213:No
1177:No
1158:No
1139:No
1102:No
1083:No
1064:No
1043:No
1028:No
969:No
960:,
950:No
928:No
895:No
874:No
627:,
548:.
440:–
432:-
29:on
3463:e
3456:t
3449:v
3421:.
3399:.
3371:.
3281:.
3269::
3246:.
3213:.
3185:.
3173::
3150:)
3146:(
3129:.
3100:.
3071:.
3059::
3033:.
3021::
2998:.
2923:.
2899:.
2873:.
2847:.
2821:.
2764:.
2685:.
2628:.
2595:.
2546:.
2501:.
2468:.
504:e
497:t
490:v
436:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.