Higher education in British Columbia

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1989 to replace the Post-Secondary Articulation Coordinating Committee that had been established in 1974. BCCAT has a mandate to "facilitate admission, articulation, and transfer arrangements among BC post-secondary institutions by encouraging them to develop policies and practices regarding the transferability of post-secondary credit courses so that credit granted at one institution can be applied toward credentials at other institutions." There are formal agreements between most institutions on mutually acceptable awarding of credits in specific programs. For example, a college may deliver the first two years of an articulated degree program and a university may deliver the final two years and award the degree. Private institutions have to be approved by the Degree Quality Assessment Board and have received the minister's consent to be accepted by BCCAT as a member of the BC Transfer System. The BCCAT has a Private Degree-Granting Institutions Policy that outlines the requirements a private institution must comply with to be considered for membership in the agency.

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attending private post-secondary institutions within B.C." In addition, a "$ 6.6 million Supplemental Bursary program for Students with Disabilities also has been created to help with these higher costs. For students with learning disabilities, an assessment is often a necessary prerequisite to receiving the support and services necessary to excel at the post-secondary level. The cost of an assessment can range from $ 1,200 to $ 1,800." This is for those students that are unable to pay for an assessment in the first place. Currently students have the opportunity to apply for a "Reimbursement of a Learning Disability Assessment," where if they quality they get a 75% refund of the cost of the assessment.

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majority of their programs. Institutions are able to choose which programs they offer and which they will fund. The second part of higher education funding is strategic funding, designed to create spaces for high priority areas with significant labour market demand, such as health and nursing. This type of funding is associated with increasing the number of graduates from high priority programs, expanding online access, and establishes permanent British Columbia Leadership Chairs and British Columbia Regional Innovation Chairs via the Leading Edge Endowment Fund. In most cases, only a small percentage of operating grants (between two and seven percent) is disbursed through strategic mechanisms.

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time, international students would be able to obtain an "open work permit" under the Post-Graduation Work Permit Program, with no restrictions on the type of employment and no requirement for a job offer. In addition, the duration of the work permit has been extended to three years across the country. Previously, the program only allowed international students to work for one or two years, depending on location. A minimum of one year of work experience in managerial, professional or technical positions (i.e., at level 0, A or B under the National Occupational Classification system) will be necessary to apply to stay permanently through the Canadian Experience Class.

789:(a private Aboriginal College), and Wilp Wilxo'oskwhl Nisga'a. These institutions offer academic, vocational, technical, and continuing education for adults, striving to provide bilingual, bicultural certificate, diploma, and degree programs in areas such as forest rangers/technicians, fishery technicians, biologists, and scientists and training in hospitality and tourism, social services, trades, and financial planning. The following universities offer the largest number of programs designed specifically for Aboriginal students and also have some of the largest enrolments of Aboriginal peoples: 2402: 931: 31: 775:

non-Aboriginal students. The legacy of residential schools, of distrust or indifference to the school system, which is seen as antagonistic to their culture, and the lack of reflection of an Aboriginal perspective in the secondary system were all cited as factors in the poor performance and completion of Aboriginals in the secondary system which subsequently affects enrolment of Aboriginal peoples in post-secondary education.

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provincial government commissioned a study on international education issues. The study reported that BC's institutions were uncoordinated in their internationalization efforts, were failing to present a professional image abroad, and that the province was not sufficiently proactive. In 1990, this led to the formation of the British Columbia Centre for International Education (BCCIE)—the first such organization in Canada.

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student aid provisions, eliminating student grants while enhancing loan remission. As a result, with funding falling short of institutional needs, operating costs of post-secondary institutions were shifted on to students via tuition increases, through the sale of endowment lands to developers for market housing, or relying more on corporation and private donations to maintain programs and build or restore facilities.

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people with disabilities. Information about admissions and prerequisites is available from the registrar's office of each institution. ApplyBC.ca (formerly PASBC) was a system-wide application portal (developed by BCcampus, a publicly funded organization whose role is to support higher education by providing leadership in the use of Information and Communications Technology, that allows people to apply for admission.

323:, offering short applied programs of a year or less; and adult basic education to prepare those without high school graduation for other post-secondary programs or for employment. The report marked the development of British Columbia's Post Secondary School System. In the same year, King Edward Continuing Education Centre and the private Christian evangelical college, Trinity Junior College both open their doors. 2388: 588:

the government manages the overall funding and program co-ordination for the public and private post-secondary education systems, as well as the provincial student financial aid programs for eligible students. In addition, it is responsible for intergovernmental issues, performance accountability, data management and analysis, and policy related to transitions within the post-secondary education system.

191: 572: 749:(AUCC) manages more than 150 scholarship programs on behalf of the federal government, domestic and foreign agencies, and private sector companies. International students with a permit to study in Canada are usually qualified to apply for entrance or transfer scholarships, and they should contact their intended institution's awards and financial assistance office for further information. 906:, including a collection of approximately 2000 Braille titles, including dictionaries and foreign language texts; 4500 titles on audiocassette, CD, or e-text; 75 titles in large-print format; and a collection of print books, reports, government publications and journals dealing with blindness and print impairment. Interlibrary loans are available to other post-secondary institutions in 647:, and have to register with the Private Career Training Institutions Agency (PCTIA). This self-regulating agency is governed by a board of appointed industry representatives and the board's responsibility is to provide information and consumer protection to the students of registered institutions and to establish standards of quality that must be met by its accredited institutions. 984: 441:(BCCAT) was created in 1989 to address the concerns about mobility and transferability of program credit throughout British Columbia, especially with regards to university colleges and students wanting to transfer from their local colleges to provincial universities. Between 1989 and 1995, four two-year community colleges became four-year degree-granting university-colleges: 951: 393:

The government established the Post-Secondary Articulation Coordinating Committee in 1974 to provide a means of determining whether post-secondary institutions could apply previous credit at another British Columbia institution toward completion of a program. This same year, Simon Fraser University (SFU) became the first university in Canada to have a female president with

350:(BCIT) opened in 1964. Simon Fraser University opened in 1965. This same year saw the opening of the first college recommended by the MacDonald report; Vancouver City College. Vancouver City College was the first autonomous community college in BC, formed by amalgamating Vancouver Vocational Institute, Vancouver School of Art, and King Edward Continuing Education Centre. 421:. Then in 1983, the Nicola Valley Institute of Technology opened to address the low participation and success rates of First Nations students in higher education. 1984 saw the closure of the Notre Dame University of Nelson due to costs per student. In 1985, the Government of British Columbia supported a private member's bill that would change Trinity Western College to 246:

general arts institution. On September 22, 1925 the University of British Columbia opened its first classes at the new Point Grey campus. This same year the Vancouver School of Art opened. In 1927 Ryerson College (Methodists), Westminster Hall (Presbyterians) and the Congregationalists amalgamated to form the United Church seminary, named Union College.

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Aboriginal Cultural Training. In addition, there's also the Aboriginal Language Revitalization Program, an Office of Indigenous Affairs, First Nations Partnership Programs in Early Childhood and Youth Care, Indigenous Governance Program, Indigenous Studies Program, Indigenous Initiatives at the School of Social Work, and the Native Students Union.

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Community Administration Program, CH'NOOK Aboriginal Business Education, First Nations Language Program, Indigenous Studies Program (Okanagan campus), Native Indian Teacher Education Program and Ts"kel Graduate Studies in Education. There is also a specialized campus library at the First Nations House of Learning called Xwi7xwa Library. The

210:

University controlled the curriculum, set and marked exams, and approved the hiring of instructors. Students were required to travel to McGill to complete their studies. The provincial government granted a lease for land at Point Grey to the Royal Institution. Construction started in 1911. In 1913, the provincial government appointed

767: 684:, "research-based allocation" of resources will increase the efficiency of these funds. In relation to the system, more funding is necessary to focus on the specific targets of post-secondary achievement by progressively introducing outcome and performance measurements and accountability into the budgeting process. 947:

study in British Columbia each year" the British Columbia government claims in its Campus 2020: Thinking Ahead report. The top 10 source countries for long-term international students in 2003-2004 were: China, Japan, South Korea, United States, Taiwan, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, Mexico, India and the United Kingdom.

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and/or clients of EPPD are eligible for special technology support services. These services include assessment, consultation loan of adaptive technology and training on the use of technology, all of which facilitate independence with reading, writing, and communication within learning and work situations"

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an online advertising and market research data collection company, ScholarshipsCanada.com (operated by EDge Interactive, a student recruitment company), and while searches can be tailored to focus on British Columbia, both websites require registration and personal information for access to the databases.

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The cost of tuition for international students is greater than tuition for domestic students (i.e. Canadian citizens). There is no public subsidization, and international students pay a mostly full-tuition fee basis. Most international students obtain funding either through personal resources (e.g.,

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opened, and the Pacific Marine Institute merged with BCIT. Two Aboriginal education institutes — the Nicola Valley Institute of Technology and the Institute of Indigenous Government — were designated as public post-secondary institutions in 1995. That same year, the provincial government passed the

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Assistive Technology BC works on contract with the provincial government. Its mandate is "to provide technology support services ... to reduce barriers caused by the disability in meeting educational and employment goals. Through this program, adults with disabilities who are post-secondary students

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Financial assistance for students attending post-secondary institutions in British Columbia can be either from government or private sources. The government administers a variety of student assistance programs for Canadian citizens, protected persons, and permanent residents. Both loans and grants

635:

has a Program and Research Council. Before the legislation of the "College and Institute Act" in 1996, these institutions used to follow a form of governance based on administrative or governing board authority. When the new act came into effect, the bicameral governance permitted faculty to play a

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which established the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning of British Columbia. This institution would undertake the responsibility of establishing a college anywhere in British Columbia. Vancouver College in 1906 was formalized as McGill University College of British Columbia; then it

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International students have been coming to British Columbia for post-secondary education for almost as long as the higher education system has been established in the province. Globalization and modern technology has made it easier to obtain education in other countries, and governments are taking

728:

BC Awards Online is a collection of scholarships, bursaries, and awards for British Columbia secondary students planning to attend a post-secondary institution in British Columbia. Other resources include Studentawards.com, a database of scholarships, bursaries, grants and fellowships operated by

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is done through base funding and strategic funding. Base funding amounts to just under 90% of total government funding. This funding is allocated based on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) student spaces each institution is allocated. Institutions receive on average $ 7,200 per FTE for the

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The provincial government is responsible for higher education in British Columbia. It enacts legislation regarding the establishment, management, and operation of post-secondary institutions. The government also provides leadership and support for post-secondary education. As part of this support,

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declared any returning veteran was guaranteed a space at UBC. As a result, student numbers tripled to over 9,000 by 1947 and UBC experienced a crunch in classroom space and a lack of faculty to teach the extra classes that were needed. In 1949, the Vancouver Vocational Institute opened. By 1956, a

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On October 28, 1922, almost 1,200 students with floats, bands and banners marched through downtown Vancouver to the Point Grey campus. This was known as "The Great Trek". The students protested the inferior conditions and overcrowding of buildings at the Fairview campus. It also protested the still

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In May 2008, the provincial government announced it would enhance post-secondary education for students with disabilities by providing $ 12 million over six years. The government indicated that "...the Assistance Program for Students with Permanent Disabilities will be expanded to include students

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In 2002, the provincial government de-regulated tuition fees. Higher education institutions, freed from a six-year tuition freeze, and in need of funding to operate their institution, almost immediately raised tuition costs so much that, "de-regulating tuition fees priced post-secondary education

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that established criteria for when either a private or out-of-province public institution applies for consent to provide degree programs or use the word "university" in British Columbia, or new degree programs are proposed by British Columbia's current public post-secondary institutions. A Degree

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In 1971, Union College and the Anglican Theological College joined to form the Vancouver School of Theology at UBC. Also in 1971, UBC became the first university in Canada to offer a program in Women's Studies for academic credit. Trinity Junior College was renamed Trinity Western College in 1972.

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attention spurred the government to provide funding to finish the construction and move UBC from Fairview to Point Grey. The new Ryerson College took over the theological training curriculum at Columbian College in 1923. Columbian College continued to operate as a residential secondary school and

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Each of the province's post-secondary institutions sets its own admission requirements. Generally, successful graduation from high school, with the required academic prerequisites, is needed for admission to programs. Special consideration may be given to mature applicants, Aboriginal peoples, and

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The ability of students to transfer from one post-secondary institution to another without losing credit for coursework at a previous institution in British Columbia is enabled with the presence of the BC Council on Admissions and Transfer (BCCAT), a provincially funded agency that was created in

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In April 2008, the Government of Canada's Minister of Citizenship and Immigration announced changes to work permits for international students who graduate from eligible programs at certain Canadian post-secondary institutions, making it easier to attract foreign students to Canada. For the first

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The total number of international students in British Columbia for the year of 2006 was 44,799, up from 23,011 in 1997. This does not include students enrolled in programs of less than six months. This seems contradictory to the statistic of "more than 140,000 international students choosing to

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also has a wide range of programs and services to Aboriginal students. One key component is the LE,NONET Project, which is composed of a network supporting Aboriginal students at UVic through a Bursary Program, Peer Mentoring, Community Internships, Research Apprenticeships, and Staff and Faculty

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For Aboriginal students, resources are available at First Nations Education Steering Committee's Scholarships and Bursaries and the federal government's Aboriginal Bursary System. For students with disabilities, resources are available at National Educational Association of Disabled Students. The

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There is a concentrated effort in British Columbia to increase access to higher education for aboriginal peoples. The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC), commissioned a report in 2002 that stated only 38% of Aboriginal students were found to finish high school, compared with 77% of

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There are also a wide variety of scholarships and bursaries for all types and levels of students, many provided through corporations, private organizations, and individual donors that are associated with a particular institution and information about these financial awards are available from the

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opened idependently in dowtown Vancouver operating under the umbrella of the UBC Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, dedicated to the research and projects implementation of education for sustainable development centered in the academic integration of the Americas, then in 2007

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that established the first convocation of the "one university for the whole of British Columbia for the purpose of raising the standard of higher education in the Province, and of enabling all denominations and classes to obtain academical degrees." In the same year, Whetham College opened as a

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Nearly all of the post-secondary institutions in British Columbia have an international students office and student association. International students interested in studying in British Columbia can contact the international office at the institutions they are interested in. In addition, the

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The federal and provincial government aim to increase the international student population, reasoning that international students enhance the educational experience for all students and that the students’ "cross-cultural skills enhances future business and cultural development" and provides "an

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In 1983, the BC Ministry of Advanced Education, Training and Technology established the International Education and Training Group (IETG), a forum for discussion between colleges, institutes and universities, and the ministries of Education and Advanced Education. Five years later in 1988, the

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Since de-regulation tuition fees have increased, doubling on average for undergraduate students and nearly tripling for graduate and international students. In 2005, the provincial government re-regulated tuition fees, capping increases to the rate of inflation. The government also altered its

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The Off-Campus Work Permit Program for international students at public institutions was launched nationally as a formalized program on April 27, 2006. Prior to the introduction of this program, students were only allowed to work on the campus of the educational institution at which they were

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provides a wide range of programs and services to Aboriginal students, starting with the First Nations House of Learning, established in 1987, that ensures that students have access to a range of supports. Other programs available at UBC includes the Residency Program, Aboriginal Health and

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In 1999, the Technical University of BC opened only to be shut down in 2002. Simon Fraser University assumed responsibility for the students and facilities of the former Technical University of BC and established its Surrey campus. Also in 2002, the Government of British Columbia passed the

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was the first to take advantage of this new amendment. By 1898, an affiliation between McGill University and Vancouver High School was established. The high school curriculum was extended to include the first two years of Arts and part of the school become Vancouver College in 1899. McGill

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In 2015, the Ministry of Advanced Education, Skills and Training (AEST) initiated a dialogue with the public post-secondary sector to explore a common online application platform for students applying to public post-secondary education in B.C., similar to those used in other jurisdictions.

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out of the reach for thousands of potential students. As those fees continue to rise, students have been forced to drop out all together, drop back from full-time to part-time or take on large levels of debt. The average student debt in 2007 was close to $ 30,000 according to the

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Higher education institutions in British Columbia have particular mandates and serve specific community needs. They are able to decide how to achieve their mandate and deal with the various levels of administrative details with regard to operations, faculty, staff, and students.

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Tuition fees vary across specific program areas, and detailed information on tuition rates is available from each institution directly. The average tuition for domestic students paid by undergraduate students in 2006-07 was $ 4,636, which was claimed to be the fourth-lowest in

918:. CILS supports the delivery of accessible resources to BC's students with print disabilities. The service has been growing in the number of customers and diversity of products and services for over twenty years. In 2005, approximately 450 students made use of CILS. 963:

family or savings), or obtain funding through the institution, such as entrance awards. There are some government funds, but are usually open to nationals of developing countries only. The Canadian Bureau for International Education lists some of those awards.

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are available for qualified full-time and part-time students. Such loans include Canada Student Loans and British Columbia Student Loans. Students also may be eligible for Canada Student Grants, depending upon their financial need and personal circumstances.

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Increasing the opportunity for Aboriginal students and those who want to be by providing funding to the Aboriginal Endowment Scholarship, the Chief Joe Mathias B.C. Aboriginal Scholarship, Alberta Centennial Scholarships and loan options through StudentAid

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was brought under the direction of the Royal Institution in 1908, and it offered first and second year Arts courses. In this same year, the provincial government made a second attempt to establish a provincial university. They succeeded with

850:, which offers students a "home away from home" and can help to alleviate the feelings of isolation and loneliness that many Aboriginal people feel, especially at large urban universities and colleges. The same principle is available at the 1802:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2005a). Review of Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education Programs, Services and Strategies/Best Practices & Aboriginal Special Projects Funding (ASPF) Program. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

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receive about one-half of their total revenue from the provincial government in the form of grants from AVED. The rest they receive from tuition, ancillary services, federal grants, donations, endowments, investments and research revenue."

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On April 24, 2007, the provincial government announced a $ 65-million "Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education Strategy" to close the education gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. This strategy aimed to accomplish this goal by:

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In 1962, John B. MacDonald recommended changes in the post-secondary system in British Columbia. A recommendation of the MacDonald report was the establishment of two-year community colleges offering programs in four fields of education:

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new provincial Teacher Training Program was established at UBC, and the Victoria and Vancouver Normal Schools were closed. In 1960, the British Columbia Vocational School opened under direct management of the provincial government.

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There are associations involved with Aboriginal peoples in higher education, such as the Indigenous Aboriginal Higher Learning Association and the First Nations Education Steering Committee (FNESC) Post-Secondary Sub-Committee.

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is recommended to reflect education costs so that each institution can set its own tuition levels independently, but subject to the limits imposed by the provincial government. Regarding the issue of funding higher education in

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became a part of the BC credit transfer system. This same year, Aboriginal peoples in British Columbia established Wilp Wilxo'oskwhl Nisga'a, a community driven, student focused aboriginal post-secondary institute. In 1994,

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in any university;" unfortunately, it closed only three years due to financial difficulties. A second independent post-secondary institution opened in 1892 known as the Columbian Methodist College. It was opened by the

187:. However, plans to start construction on the campus for the new university had to be postponed due to lack of funding. Meanwhile, McGill University agreed to continue providing higher education through Victoria College. 266:

Vocational School opens and starts providing vocational education. The Extension Department (later called Continuing Studies) at UBC is established, enabling UBC to bring higher education to all parts of the province.

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Providing institutions with funding to build culturally welcoming structures and gathering places that will lower isolation and increase retention by reflecting the character, community and traditions of Aboriginal

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British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2005b). 2005 Resource Directory of Programs and Services for Students with Disabilities in Public Post-Secondary Institutions. (p.6) Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

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Supporting three-year Aboriginal service plans created by communities and institutions to develop partnerships that will encourage people to access post-secondary programs that will lead to jobs in their local

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studying. Students who qualify for the program will be able to work up to 20 hours per week off-campus while classes are in session, full-time during summer and winter breaks, and over their reading weeks.

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that provided university colleges, colleges, and institutes with authority to grant associate degrees, diplomas, and certificates. Also, 1995 saw the closure of Royal Roads Military College; yet by 1996,

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Students in British Columbia that have print disabilities also have access to the College and Institute Library Services (CILS), a centralized service funded by the provincial government and located at

69:. There are also an extensive number of private career institutes and colleges. Over 297,000 students were enrolled in post-secondary institutions in British Columbia in the 2019-2020 academic year. 500:

that enabled private universities to grant BC degrees. The act also expanded degree-granting capacity for colleges (applied baccalaureates) and university-colleges and institutes (applied masters).

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British Columbians with disabilities attending post-secondary institutions have access to some of the most accessible campuses in Canada. Disability services are prevalent at almost all campuses.

515:, and Columbia Colleges. In 2006, Canada and British Columbia's first private sector, for-profit, university, University Canada West, opens in Victoria. Former University of Victoria president, 225:

and it opened to classes at the Fairview facilities recently vacated by McGill University. With the opening of UBC, Victoria College closed. A second Provincial Normal School was also opened in

2116: 507:. Also in 2005, Okanagan University College is split to become UBC's Okanagan campus and Okanagan College, and the British Columbia government approves new private degree programs at 829:

Increasing opportunities for institutions and communities to develop Aboriginal-focused programs that recognize cultural and learning needs, like the Aboriginal Special Projects Fund.

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British Columbia Centre for International Education. (2004). British Columbia Post-Secondary International Student Statistics 2003-2004 Highlights. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

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and Civil Service examinations and for Matriculation Examinations in any university or college, but also for first and second year examinations in Arts leading to the degree of

438: 151:. In 1904 & 1905 McGill University received permission to improve and expand the university's course offerings in British Columbia. Two acts were passed to enable this; 2046: 832:

Building supportive ways to help Aboriginal people enter the education system through adult basic education, upgrading and beyond up to graduate levels to reach their goals.

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Dunae, P.A. (Ed.). (2003). 100 Years of Advanced Education, 1901-2001: Higher Education and Advanced Teacher Training in British Columbia. Retrieved June 1, 2008, from

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Pakravan, P. (2006). The Future Is Not What It Used to Be: Re-examining Provincial Postsecondary Funding Mechanisms in Canada. (p.28) Retrieved May 29, 2008, from

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Government of Canada's Department of Citizenship and Immigration has information for international students about studying in Canada and applying for student visas.

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Continuing to address the education needs of Aboriginal students by working with institutions to create a system-wide standard to track participation and success.

2428: 2363: 2322: 631:, colleges and institutes each have a Board of Governors, but instead of a Senate they have a council (e.g. Academic Council). In addition to those bodies, 519:

is the first president of UCW. A year later in 2007, Canada and British Columbia's first private, non-profit secular liberal arts and sciences university,

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British Columbia. Office of the Auditor General. (2006). Government’s post-secondary expansion: 25,000 seats by 2010. (p.7) Retrieved May 30, 2008, from

1643: 406: 1907: 1732:

Kwantlen Faculty Association. (2007). Submission to the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services. (p.3) Retrieved May 29, 2008, from

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Quality Assessment Board established in 2002 works with the government on reviews and makes recommendations to the Minister on institution applications.

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As of 2005, four out of ten Aboriginal people in British Columbia complete post-secondary education compared to six out of ten non-aboriginal students.

643:, but only if they provide degrees or call themselves "university." Institutions that offer only diploma or certificate programs are legislated by the 1780:

Council of Ministers of Education, Canada. (2002). Best Practices in Increasing Aboriginal Postsecondary Enrolment Rates. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

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The following table lists the total number of students enrolled in all types of post-secondary institution types in British Columbia by academic year.

2102: 1888: 1869: 959:

economic sector generating significant revenue." The government expects that with international students will also help address labour market needs.

2337: 2125: 1744:

Canadian Federation of Students. British Columbia. (2007). Smarten Up Mr. Campbell: Make Education a Priority. (p.1) Retrieved May 30, 2008, from

488: 347: 2175: 2160: 2148: 798: 616: 560: 471: 450: 201:

The provincial government made amendments to the Public School Act in 1894 and 1896 to allow any Canadian university to affiliate with any of the

1748: 2433: 2274: 410: 1903:

Canada. Citizenship and Immigration. (2006). Facts and Figures 2006: Immigration Overview: Temporary Residents. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

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were required the unsubsidized cost of training, which could total as much as three to five times the tuition fees paid by domestic students.

782: 1865:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2008b). More Support for Students with Disabilities. (p. 5) Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

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Humphries, D., & Hunt, W. (1988). Higher Education in British Columbia before the Establishment of UBC. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

1285: 17: 839:

Encouraging Aboriginal perspectives and decision making by supporting Aboriginal participation on public post-secondary education boards.

2438: 2287: 1587:

Levin, J.S. (2003). Organizational paradigm shift and the university colleges of British Columbia. Higher Education, 46 (4), 447-467.

1416: 1360: 221:

In 1915, McGill University closed McGill University College. The provincial government changed the provincial university's name to the

1265: 195: 171: 144: 108: 1884:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2008b). More Support for Students with Disabilities. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

733: 2317: 939:

note when they consider their post-secondary student populations as a possible source of skilled workers to join the local economy.

442: 1804: 1385: 258:

put a halt to any further plans for higher education. UBC came close to being shut down due to government cutbacks, but Professor

2347: 2236: 1960:

Canada. Citizenship and Immigration. (2008). Backgrounder: Post-Graduation Work Permit Program. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

1601: 1559: 1520: 112: 1307: 591:

To maintain the quality and accreditation of higher education in British Columbia, the government passed legislation titled the

2327: 2170: 2165: 1853:

Epp, M.A. (2005). British Columbia College and Institute Library Services (CILS). (Introduction) Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

709: 548: 544: 2231: 2143: 1255: 899: 862: 847: 806: 604: 222: 180: 21: 2032: 846:

Aboriginal students have personal and academic support like that offered through the First Nations House of Learning at the

516: 1923: 1674: 1270: 339: 294: 155:

which gave McGill University permission to establish a University College in British Columbia for the higher education of

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uses a tri-cameral system, which includes a Planning Council for Open Learning. Teaching intensive universities, such as

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McGill University affiliated with a second British Columbian high school in 1903, Victoria High School which was renamed

2312: 1934:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2006). 2006/07-2008/09 Service Plan. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

1784: 1689:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (2007b). Campus 2020: Thinking Ahead. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from

676: 446: 283: 2368: 2332: 2302: 2195: 697: 552: 463: 454: 214:

as the university's first president, in anticipation of it opening in the near future. However, in 1914, the onset of

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role in board governance in a senate-type body where before decisions were made by administrators and board members.

319:, to train students for specific employment with programs ranging in duration from a few weeks to two or more years; 1431:

Logan, H.T. (1958). Tuum Est: A History of the University of British Columbia. (p.13) Vancouver, BC: Mitchell Press.

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Every public post-secondary institution in British Columbia provides services or liaisons for Aboriginal students .

2342: 2283: 2267: 2241: 2226: 2190: 1280: 1260: 858: 790: 624: 524: 504: 422: 402: 279: 226: 121: 1961: 2373: 1720:

British Columbia (2001) "Ministry Policy Site: Policy Document: International Students" Retrieved Aug. 29, 2008,

1830: 98:

started in 1890 with the first attempt by the British Columbia government to establish a provincial university,

1904: 1318: 362: 343: 2061: 1702: 2185: 1994:"Postsecondary enrolments, by registration status, institution type, status of student in Canada and gender" 1500:

British Columbia. Ministry of Advanced Education. (n.d.a). About the Ministry. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

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British Columbia Institute of Technology: About the Institute: History, (n.d) Retrieved June 25, 2008, from

1337:"Postsecondary enrolments, by registration status, institution type, status of student in Canada and gender" 794: 786: 612: 520: 382: 327: 229:

in 1915. President Wesbrook died in 1918, and Leonard Klinck became UBC's second president. UBC added the

2077: 1885: 1866: 1690: 741:

federal government also has listings for British Columbia in a section of its web-site dedicated to youth,

2221: 2200: 2180: 1458:

Hives, C. (2006). From Humble Beginnings: UBC's Origins and First Decade. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

867: 851: 810: 802: 770:

First Nations totem pole and longhouse at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia

701: 632: 628: 608: 512: 481: 409:, the Pacific Vocational Institute, the Justice Institute, the Pacific Marine Training Institute, and the 386: 331: 148: 81:

has replaced ApplyBC.ca as the new common online application portal for Universities in British Columbia

1764: 1745: 2260: 2252: 129: 1976: 1701:

British Columbia (2007) "For the Record: Facts on Tuition in British Columbia" Retrieved Aug 29, 2008,

1841:

University of British Columbia. (2005). Crane Resource Centre and Library.Retrieved May 29, 2008 from

1972:

British Columbia Council on Admissions and Transfer. (2008). Mandate. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from

1618: 426: 378: 316: 275: 66: 58: 205:

in British Columbia. The high schools could then be incorporated as colleges of these institutions.

2155: 2085: 1993: 1536: 1336: 556: 508: 2048:

Higher Learning and the Labour Market in a Changing World: Environmental Scan for British Columbia

1854: 930: 1935: 903: 503:

The University College of the Cariboo and the Open Learning Agency amalgamated in 2005 to become

1805:

http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/aboriginal/documents/Final_Report-June_30-05_REVISED_April%2026-07.pdf

218:

halted the construction at Point Grey. There would be no more construction for almost a decade.

165:

An Act to Incorporate the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning of British Columbia,

1815: 1721: 693: 206: 1547: 1413: 1364: 902:

is home to the Crane Resource Centre and Library, which provides resources for students with

2216: 2129: 907: 681: 664: 656: 414: 358: 274:

in 1939, UBC's faculty, staff, and students dedicated themselves to the cause. In 1940, the

255: 116: 95: 62: 2392: 2089: 2036: 1980: 1911: 1892: 1873: 1788: 1752: 1709: 1678: 1605: 1524: 1420: 1322: 915: 528: 467: 418: 374: 370: 366: 354: 287: 125: 30: 854:

at their First Peoples House and Simon Fraser University's First Nations Student Centre.

1924:

http://www.bccie.bc.ca/bccie/MembersOnly/factsfigures/StudentStatsHighlights2003-04.pdf

1389: 1304: 861:, for example, provides an Elder-in-Residence in their Aboriginal Cultural Centre. The 394: 262:

helped prevent this. In 1936, Columbian College was closed, yet in the same year; the

234: 211: 1947: 1649:(Report). Office of the Auditor General of British Columbia. December 2006. p. 30 1596: 1567: 1515: 2422: 2406: 1311: 458: 177:

An Act to Establish and Incorporate a University for the Province of British Columbia

1733: 2094: 2024: 1842: 271: 202: 190: 46: 1470: 2029: 1459: 401:

enabling Royal Roads to grant degrees. In 1977, BCIT opened Sea Island Campus in

1444: 571: 335: 302:

MacDonald report and expansion of the public post-secondary system (1962 – 1988)

259: 215: 1962:

http://www.cic.gc.ca/ENGLISH/department/media/backgrounders/2008/2008-04-21.asp

1671: 429:

was formed by combining the Open Learning Institute and the Knowledge Network.

983: 579: 492:

stopped operating and its Lectures were absorbed by UBC Vancouver Institute.

353:

Community colleges around the province started opening between 1966 and 1975:

320: 242: 184: 54: 1831:

http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/adultspecialed/resource/resource_directory_2005.pdf

1781: 1905:

http://www.cic.gc.ca/English/resources/statistics/facts2006/temporary/12.asp

950: 620: 433:

Focus on transferability and the creation of university colleges (1989–2007)

104: 45:

is delivered by 25 publicly funded institutions that are composed of eleven

237:. In 1920, the Anglican Theological College opened in downtown Vancouver. 168:

began offering first and second year courses in Arts and Applied Sciences.

1703:

http://www.mediaroom.gov.bc.ca/For_the_Record/07sep04_facts_on_tuition.htm

1501: 1489: 732: 425:. BCIT merged with the Pacific Vocational Institute in 1986. In 1988, the 308: 137: 50: 1886:

http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2008AE0029-000715.htm

1867:

http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2008AE0029-000715.htm

1691:

http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/campus2020/campus2020-thinkingahead-report.pdf

883: 781:

Currently in British Columbia there are three Aboriginal institutions,

263: 230: 78: 1765:

http://www.aud.gov.bc.ca/PUBS/2006-07/Report7/PostSecondaryExp2006.pdf

1746:

http://www.cfs-fcee.ca/html/english/media/mediapage.php?release_id=926

639:

Private career and college institutions fall under the auspice of the

689: 312: 1315: 887:

The Student Recreation Centre at the University of British Columbia

583:

Aerial view of Simon Fraser University at Burnaby, British Columbia

949: 882: 731: 575:

University of Victoria Engineering & Computer Science Building

189: 160: 29: 2073:

Confederation of University Faculty Associations of BC (CUFA BC)

1973: 766: 397:

installment. Then in 1975, the provincial government passed the

241:

uncompleted construction at Point Grey. The student protest and

233:

degree program in 1919. This was the first such program in the

133: 2256: 2098: 2042:

BC Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development

1855:

http://www.neads.ca/en/about/projects/atam/submissions_cils.php

466:'s Langara campus separated into an independent college, named 326:

In 1963, the provincial legislature passed an act to establish

1936:

http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2006/sp/ae/StrategicContext5.htm

1472:

Higher Education in British Columbia and a Plan for the Future

156: 2041: 365:, Okanagan Regional College, and Malaspina College in 1968. 1644:

Government’s Post-Secondary Expansion — 25,000 Seats by 2010

663:

Governmental funding for public post-secondary education in

107:

that was intent of preparing "its students not only for the

1722:

http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/policy/policies/international.htm

2072: 2019: 1622: 1414:

http://records.viu.ca/homeroom/content/postsec/postsec.htm

623:

structure composed of a Board of Governors and a Senate.

90:

Establishment and the first university in BC (1890 – 1929)

2082: 2030:

BC Council on Admissions and Transfer Education Planner

2067: 1992:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-11-22).

1335:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-11-24).

22:

List of universities in Canada § British Columbia

1439: 1437: 987:

Koerner Library at the University of British Columbia

128:, and it was affiliated with Victoria College of the 1361:"Student Services and Data Exchange » BCcampus" 547:(formerly University College of the Fraser Valley), 100:

An Act Respecting the University of British Columbia

2356: 2295: 2209: 2136: 2083:

HEITBC - Higher Education Information Technology BC

2062:

British Columbia Council on Admissions and Transfer

934:

The McPherson Library at the University of Victoria

753:awards and financial services at each institution. 736:

Gustavson School Of Business University of Victoria

563:(formerly Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design). 439:

British Columbia Council on Admissions and Transfer

747:Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada 535:Creation of teaching universities (2008 – present) 1734:http://www.kfa.bc.ca/pdf/2008_budget_response.pdf 954:Kwantlen University in Richmond, British Columbia 183:, and it would be located in the western part of 103:small, independent institute located in downtown 2078:Indigenous Adult and Higher Learning Association 1843:http://www.library.ubc.ca/home/access/crane.html 1460:http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/humble.html 651:Funding for public post-secondary institutions 377:in 1971, and East Kootenay Community College, 2268: 2110: 1798: 1796: 1619:"Private Career Training Institutions Agency" 1445:http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/mucbc.html 8: 2068:Federation of Post-Secondary Educators of BC 1817:Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education Strategy 1776: 1774: 1772: 1672:http://www.cdhowe.org/pdf/commentary_227.pdf 543:established five new teaching universities: 405:The year, 1978 saw the establishment of the 1666: 1664: 1305:Private Career Training Institutions Agency 2275: 2261: 2253: 2117: 2103: 2095: 1782:http://www.cmec.ca/postsec/malatest.en.pdf 1484: 1482: 1480: 1276:List of Canadian universities by endowment 692:. Domestic students are defined as both 489:Vancouver Institute for the Americas (VIA) 555:(formerly Malaspina University College), 334:was established in 1963 and moved to the 25: 1598:Private Career Training Institutions Act 1002: 982: 929: 765: 645:Private Career Training Institutions Act 578: 570: 399:Royal Roads Military College Degrees Act 348:British Columbia Institute of Technology 346:as a private, Catholic university. The 28: 1502:http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/organization/ 1490:https://www.bcit.ca/about/history.shtml 1454: 1452: 1408: 1406: 1296: 799:University of Northern British Columbia 655:"Public post-secondary institutions in 617:University of Northern British Columbia 561:Emily Carr University of Art and Design 472:University of Northern British Columbia 451:University College of the Fraser Valley 2025:British Columbia Ministry of Education 1511: 1509: 417:formed as a separate institution from 411:Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design 338:campus. Also, the legislature charted 783:Nicola Valley Institute of Technology 7: 2429:Higher education in British Columbia 1286:List of colleges in British Columbia 293:After World War II, UBC's President 153:An Act Respecting McGill University, 43:Higher education in British Columbia 18:List of colleges in British Columbia 1266:List of business schools in Canada 979:Transferability of program credits 603:Research universities such as the 539:On April 29, 2008, changes to the 278:established a military college in 14: 559:(formerly Capilano College), and 443:University College of the Cariboo 2400: 2387: 2386: 2056:Associations of higher education 373:were opened in 1970 followed by 1537:Degree Quality Assessment Board 710:Canadian Federation of Students 549:Kwantlen Polytechnic University 545:University of the Fraser Valley 531:is the first president of QUC. 57:. This is in addition to three 1548:Thompson Rivers University Act 1316:BC Career Colleges Association 1256:List of universities in Canada 900:University of British Columbia 863:University of British Columbia 848:University of British Columbia 807:University of British Columbia 605:University of British Columbia 250:Mid 20th century (1930 – 1961) 223:University of British Columbia 181:University of British Columbia 1: 2434:Education in British Columbia 1974:http://www.bccat.ca/about.cfm 1271:List of law schools in Canada 551:(formerly Kwantlen College), 340:Notre Dame University College 2161:Emily Carr of Art and Design 757:Equity, mobility, and access 720:Student financial assistance 677:Higher Education Price Index 447:Malaspina University College 284:Royal Roads Military College 132:and offered courses towards 34:Province of British Columbia 1303:Listings available via the 673:Campus 2020: Thinking Ahead 553:Vancouver Island University 484:opened on the same campus. 464:Vancouver Community College 455:Kwantlen University College 357:opened in 1966 followed by 2455: 2439:Higher education in Canada 2284:Higher education in Canada 1281:Higher education in Canada 1261:List of colleges in Canada 879:Students with disabilities 859:Thompson Rivers University 791:Thompson Rivers University 743:Scholarships and Bursaries 625:Thompson Rivers University 607:(Vancouver and Okanagan), 505:Thompson Rivers University 423:Trinity Western University 286:to train officers for the 122:Methodist Church of Canada 15: 2382: 2323:Newfoundland and Labrador 2176:Northern British Columbia 2050:(2008), by Benjamin Isitt 1562:College and Institute Act 477:College and Institute Act 179:. It would be called the 1517:Degree Authorization Act 787:Native Education College 641:Degree Authorization Act 593:Degree Authorization Act 567:Structure and Governance 527:. Former UBC president, 498:Degree Authorization Act 363:College of New Caledonia 1386:"About Epbc Background" 795:Simon Fraser University 613:Simon Fraser University 521:Quest University Canada 407:Open Learning Institute 383:Northern Lights College 328:Simon Fraser University 311:(university transfer); 988: 955: 935: 926:International students 888: 868:University of Victoria 852:University of Victoria 811:Royal Roads University 803:University of Victoria 771: 737: 702:International students 633:Royal Roads University 629:Royal Roads University 609:University of Victoria 584: 576: 513:University Canada West 482:Royal Roads University 387:Coast Mountain College 332:University of Victoria 198: 149:University of Victoria 35: 2364:Northwest Territories 2288:province or territory 986: 953: 933: 886: 769: 735: 582: 574: 470:. Also in 1994, the 288:Canada's armed forces 193: 130:University of Toronto 33: 2338:Prince Edward Island 2210:Private universities 2171:Kwantlen Polytechnic 1998:www150.statcan.gc.ca 1341:www150.statcan.gc.ca 675:, the creation of a 427:Open Learning Agency 389:all opened in 1975. 379:North Island College 276:Government of Canada 147:later to become the 94:Higher education in 67:theological colleges 59:private universities 2232:Fairleigh Dickinson 2137:Public universities 1004: 762:Aboriginal students 698:Permanent Residents 557:Capilano University 509:Sprott Shaw College 2088:2011-05-18 at the 2035:2008-05-16 at the 1979:2008-06-18 at the 1910:2008-06-04 at the 1891:2008-06-21 at the 1872:2008-06-21 at the 1787:2008-09-23 at the 1751:2010-09-18 at the 1708:2008-08-20 at the 1677:2009-07-18 at the 1604:2008-06-15 at the 1523:2008-05-02 at the 1419:2008-06-19 at the 1321:2008-05-13 at the 1003: 989: 956: 936: 904:print disabilities 889: 772: 738: 585: 577: 413:(ECIAD). In 1981, 270:With the start of 199: 79:EducationPlannerBC 36: 2416: 2415: 2407:Canada portal 2250: 2249: 1247: 1246: 694:Canadian citizens 207:McGill University 40: 39: 2446: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2390: 2389: 2308:British Columbia 2277: 2270: 2263: 2254: 2196:Vancouver Island 2144:British Columbia 2130:British Columbia 2119: 2112: 2105: 2096: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2004: 1989: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1901: 1895: 1882: 1876: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1826: 1820: 1813: 1807: 1800: 1791: 1778: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1668: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1648: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1621:. Archived from 1615: 1609: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1566:. Archived from 1556: 1550: 1545: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1513: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1475: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1447: 1441: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1410: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1388:. Archived from 1382: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1363:. Archived from 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1332: 1326: 1301: 1005: 908:British Columbia 682:British Columbia 665:British Columbia 657:British Columbia 619:operate under a 415:Kwantlen College 395:Pauline Jewett's 359:Capilano College 295:Norman MacKenzie 256:Great Depression 196:Victoria College 172:Victoria College 145:Victoria College 117:Bachelor of Arts 96:British Columbia 63:private colleges 26: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2401: 2399: 2378: 2352: 2291: 2281: 2251: 2246: 2242:Trinity Western 2205: 2191:Thompson Rivers 2132: 2123: 2090:Wayback Machine 2058: 2037:Wayback Machine 2016: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1981:Wayback Machine 1971: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1912:Wayback Machine 1902: 1898: 1893:Wayback Machine 1883: 1879: 1874:Wayback Machine 1864: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1823: 1814: 1810: 1801: 1794: 1789:Wayback Machine 1779: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1753:Wayback Machine 1743: 1739: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1710:Wayback Machine 1700: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1679:Wayback Machine 1669: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1606:Wayback Machine 1595: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1573: 1571: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1525:Wayback Machine 1514: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1478: 1469: 1465: 1457: 1450: 1442: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1421:Wayback Machine 1411: 1404: 1395: 1393: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1368: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1323:Wayback Machine 1314:(PCTIA) or the 1302: 1298: 1294: 1252: 998: 996:Total Enrolment 981: 928: 916:Langara College 881: 764: 759: 722: 671:In the report, 653: 569: 537: 529:David Strangway 468:Langara College 435: 419:Douglas College 375:Camosun College 371:Douglas College 367:Cariboo College 355:Selkirk College 304: 252: 194:Former home of 126:New Westminster 92: 87: 24: 12: 11: 5: 2452: 2450: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2421: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2396: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2272: 2265: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2107: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2044: 2039: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2014:External links 2012: 2010: 2009: 1984: 1965: 1953: 1939: 1927: 1915: 1896: 1877: 1858: 1846: 1834: 1821: 1808: 1792: 1768: 1756: 1737: 1725: 1713: 1694: 1682: 1660: 1635: 1610: 1589: 1580: 1551: 1540: 1529: 1505: 1493: 1476: 1463: 1448: 1433: 1424: 1402: 1377: 1352: 1327: 1310:2007-06-28 at 1295: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1009: 997: 994: 980: 977: 927: 924: 880: 877: 844: 843: 840: 837: 833: 830: 827: 823: 763: 760: 758: 755: 721: 718: 700:. Foreign and 652: 649: 568: 565: 541:University Act 536: 533: 434: 431: 303: 300: 251: 248: 235:British Empire 212:Frank Wesbrook 91: 88: 86: 83: 38: 37: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2451: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2409: 2408: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2318:New Brunswick 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2166:Fraser Valley 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 1999: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1625:on 2007-02-05 1624: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1570:on 2008-06-21 1569: 1565: 1563: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1392:on 2019-03-25 1391: 1387: 1381: 1378: 1367:on 2012-02-28 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312:archive.today 1309: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1001: 995: 993: 985: 978: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 952: 948: 944: 940: 932: 925: 923: 919: 917: 911: 909: 905: 901: 896: 892: 885: 878: 876: 872: 869: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 841: 838: 834: 831: 828: 824: 820: 819: 818: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 776: 768: 761: 756: 754: 750: 748: 744: 734: 730: 726: 719: 717: 713: 711: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 685: 683: 678: 674: 669: 666: 661: 658: 650: 648: 646: 642: 637: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 597: 594: 589: 581: 573: 566: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 534: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 493: 490: 487:In 1998, the 485: 483: 478: 473: 469: 465: 460: 459:Yukon College 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 432: 430: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 301: 299: 296: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 265: 261: 257: 249: 247: 244: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 208: 204: 197: 192: 188: 186: 182: 178: 173: 169: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 97: 89: 84: 82: 80: 74: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 32: 27: 23: 19: 2398: 2391: 2348:Saskatchewan 2307: 2186:Simon Fraser 2126:Universities 2047: 2001:. Retrieved 1997: 1987: 1968: 1956: 1942: 1930: 1918: 1899: 1880: 1861: 1849: 1837: 1824: 1816: 1811: 1759: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1697: 1685: 1653:December 20, 1651:. Retrieved 1638: 1627:. Retrieved 1623:the original 1613: 1597: 1592: 1583: 1572:. Retrieved 1568:the original 1561: 1554: 1543: 1532: 1516: 1496: 1471: 1466: 1427: 1394:. Retrieved 1390:the original 1380: 1369:. Retrieved 1365:the original 1355: 1344:. 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The 690:Canada 453:, and 385:, and 344:Nelson 330:. The 313:career 163:, and 136:& 2374:Yukon 2227:CityU 2217:Adler 1647:(PDF) 1008:Year 243:media 161:women 2286:(by 2237:NYIT 1655:2023 898:The 696:and 437:The 369:and 254:The 159:and 134:Arts 113:Navy 109:Army 20:and 2128:in 822:BC. 793:, 712:." 342:of 157:men 124:in 2425:: 1996:. 1795:^ 1771:^ 1663:^ 1508:^ 1479:^ 1451:^ 1436:^ 1405:^ 1339:. 910:. 813:. 805:, 801:, 797:, 785:, 611:, 511:, 449:, 445:, 381:, 361:, 290:. 282:, 111:, 2290:) 2276:e 2269:t 2262:v 2118:e 2111:t 2104:v 2006:. 1950:. 1657:. 1632:. 1577:. 1564:" 1560:" 1399:. 1374:. 1349:. 1325:. 315:/

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