2129:
42:
561:
58:
775:. After a further 800 m (2,625 ft), it turns south and is joined by a small stream just before Lawrence Avenue East. It passes under the road and continues south until it joins the central branch just north of Lake Ontario. The total length is approximately 4.5 km (2.8 mi). Unlike the other parts of the creek system, this branch does not flow through any deep ravines.
784:
most common type of wetland on Lake
Ontario prior to European settlement but are now rare. It is a breeding area for several uncommon species, including the blue-gray gnatcatcher and the yellow-spotted salamander. There are three other designated Environmental Significant Areas in the Highland Creek watershed: Highland Forest, Hague Park and the Morningside Park Forest.
65:
513:. This is the most northerly point of any part of the Highland Creek system including all tributaries. It flows south-east under Finch Avenue East, McCowan Road and Middlefield Road. The branch travels 250 m (820 ft) southwest, then south to its confluence with the north-west branch. It continues southeast under
853:
Like many creeks and river valleys in
Toronto, evidence of First Nations occupation has been found in this area. A 2005 excavation by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority near the mouth of Highland Creek found evidence of a Late Woodland or Early Archaic site, thought to have been a place of
840:
drain into the river. The valley of
Highland Creek contains a number of interconnected parks which have a system of paved bike and walking paths. As a result of these numerous channel modification projects, mostly implemented in the 1960s and 1970s, much of the creek does not follow its natural path.
783:
At the mouth of the Creek are four wetlands totaling 7.6 hectares (19 acres) in size. The
Stephenson’s Swamp is both a designated Environmental Significant Area and a Provincially Significant Wetland. According to the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, the type of forest swamp used to be the
630:
where a short 900 m (2,953 ft) tributary branch running south joins it. It then flows south-east under the
Canadian Pacific Railway tracks, Finch Avenue and Markham Road, then south-east under Highway 401. From this point on, it flows in a natural bed and ravine. It then travels 500 m
873:
beginning in 1937 (Kingston Road) and continuing through the mid-1960s (Lawrence Avenue East, Ellesmere Road). Although the creek itself is rarely more than 20 m (66 ft) wide, the ravine it runs through commonly is over 100 m (328 ft) wide and 30 m (98 ft) deep. During
881:
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, a new town plan developed in the valley between
Kingston Road and the eastern crossing of Lawrence Avenue. The primary road remains as the park access road to Colonel Danforth Park, but the remainder, with few exceptions, was washed out during
521:, and then a further 150 m (492 ft) south. The entire length up to this point has been artificially channelled, straightened and lined with a concrete bed. The next 1.6 km (1.0 mi) stretch, however, a crescent shape that proceeds east to a point just west of
525:
and which had been previously altered, has now been restored to a more natural state with gentle meanders and shallow pools. From
Markham Road, the branch flows east in a natural course and ravine through Woburn Park until it meets the central branch at
1975:
370:, the river was known as Yat-qui-i-be-no-nick, which translates as "creek comes out under high." There is no documented source for the name "Highland Creek", but some suggest it is of descriptive origins, possibly recalling the
875:
1030:
2023:
771:. It travels south south-east to Ellesmere Road, before entering a culvert. The branch then emerges east of Meadowvale Road south of Ellesmere, before heading south-west under Kingston Road and
1945:
382:
Highland Creek consists of four branches, treated here in order from west to east. The names used for the branches indicate only geographic position, and should not be taken as proper names.
816:
Due to development in
Scarborough, which has substantially increased the amount of water that historically travelled through the river, there are a number of artificial diversions (use of
857:
Highland Creek historically formed a natural barrier to transportation in the eastern part of
Scarborough, with the single exception of Military Trail, blocking the eastern sections of
845:, which has fewer in-stream barriers and extensive riparian and floodplain vegetation, and where a wider variety of wildlife, including some climax forest species, can be found.
1935:
2063:
467:. The entire length of the branch is artificially channelled and straightened, and much of it lined with a concrete bed. This was done in the 1970s after a scare about
1046:
2078:
1965:
602:
1823:
1760:
439:
1096:
743:
650:
571:
529:
485:
392:
705:
1985:
1042:
2167:
854:
tool manufacture. The
Helliwell family, one of the first settlers in the area, accumulated a large number of artifacts from the last 5,000 years.
1693:
1816:
2100:
2162:
1755:
1273:
212:
897:
is also the name of a neighbourhood on the east side of the creek at Old Kingston Road. Opposite the former village of Highland Creek is
2115:
2013:
1421:
836:
are possible, increasing its depth. The river travels through culverts under some major streets. In addition, many of the city's storm
1742:
2105:
2033:
1990:
996:
683:
1006:
2083:
147:
1089:
57:
21:
966:
1980:
1970:
2157:
1940:
1930:
862:
679:
1811:
2152:
1806:
1082:
640:
1720:
1797:
1772:
1765:
1472:
910:
824:
and guide the river past obstacles. For example, there are a large number of areas where the river is lined with
1894:
1266:
1150:
737:
429:
2048:
803:
878:
line along Kingston Road, which was unable to negotiate the grade into the creek where it met Kingston Road.
2073:
2018:
1715:
1431:
1205:
1175:
1109:
894:
691:
687:
41:
17:
699:
568:
The central branch begins at the exit of a culvert north-west of Middlefield Road and Finch Avenue East at
2053:
1955:
1698:
1644:
1451:
1235:
1170:
866:
798:
336:
2093:
1904:
1849:
1614:
1581:
1200:
1195:
1125:
1105:
842:
817:
518:
371:
1914:
1889:
1649:
1069:
858:
772:
347:
296:
482:
The west branch begins at the exit of a culvert just southeast of Brimley Road and McNicoll Road at
1960:
1950:
1909:
1730:
1710:
1686:
1259:
1225:
1190:
1164:
1140:
793:
644:
332:
280:
944:
2088:
1899:
1828:
1681:
1467:
1446:
1436:
1155:
1135:
898:
631:(1,640 ft) to the confluence with the west branch. The branch then travels south-east under
312:
1074:
366:
According to a 1796 list of Mississauga names of rivers and creeks compiled by British surveyor
2068:
2008:
1777:
1482:
1230:
992:
386:
2038:
1515:
1388:
1358:
1210:
635:, the first crossing point north of Lake Ontario built in the early settlement period, and
1750:
1676:
1556:
1530:
1499:
1487:
1414:
1180:
1145:
883:
695:
632:
560:
514:
343:
2043:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1792:
1591:
1477:
1426:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1215:
1014:
636:
421:
367:
351:
2146:
1844:
1782:
1725:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1634:
1586:
1317:
1307:
1240:
2133:
2058:
1884:
1869:
1859:
1787:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1551:
1492:
1409:
1393:
1333:
1312:
1220:
1185:
522:
472:
433:
425:
308:
198:
132:
2110:
1879:
1596:
1535:
1441:
1343:
1282:
1130:
1120:
837:
682:
and past some of the outdoor sports facilities and the Miller Lash House of the
355:
324:
193:
1251:
2028:
1639:
1520:
1383:
1302:
758:
745:
720:
707:
665:
652:
617:
604:
586:
573:
544:
531:
500:
487:
454:
441:
407:
394:
331:. It is a meandering river which, like most rivers in Toronto (including the
227:
214:
162:
149:
1976:
Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement
1703:
1561:
1525:
1297:
833:
128:
874:
the early part of the 20th century, it also blocked the progression of the
468:
821:
420:. It flows south, then south-east and passes under the intersection of
340:
304:
300:
109:
99:
870:
825:
328:
89:
967:"Highland Creek Connect: What Makes Stephenson's Swamp Important?"
702:
to meet with the east branch, before flowing into Lake Ontario at
559:
316:
292:
564:
The central branch at Middlefield Road, near its point of origin.
736:
The east branch rises immediately south of Highway 401, west of
733:. The total length is approximately 13.5 km (8.4 mi).
479:). The total length is approximately 3.4 km (2.1 mi).
320:
1255:
1078:
876:
Toronto and Scarboro' Electric Railway, Light and Power Company
557:. The total length is approximately 7.7 km (4.8 mi).
829:
599:. The branch flows south east, then east under Middlefield to
432:
tracks. The branch then heads under the tracks east and under
901:, named for its position on the tablelands above the valley.
1013:. Natural Resources Canada. February 6, 2006. Archived from
989:
Along the Shore: Rediscovering Toronto's Waterfront Heritage
1946:
Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program
385:
The north-west branch begins at the exit of a culvert at
428:, then parallels the road south until just north of the
424:
and Huntingwood Drive. The branch continues east under
927:
925:
832:
to even out the flow in areas where upstream storage
2001:
1936:
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers
1923:
1837:
1741:
1627:
1607:
1544:
1508:
1460:
1402:
1376:
1367:
1326:
1290:
358:, is almost entirely contained within Scarborough.
274:
266:
261:
253:
243:
204:
192:
178:
139:
124:
115:
105:
95:
85:
80:
34:
315:. It is home to several species of fish including
945:"Scottish Place Names - Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
374:where many early settlers of the area came from.
64:
16:For the neighbourhood astride this creek, see
1966:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
1267:
1090:
72:Location of the mouth of the creek in Toronto
8:
969:. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority
1373:
1274:
1260:
1252:
1097:
1083:
1075:
678:. It travels east through the park, under
1043:Toronto and Region Conservation Authority
477:see also "Threats from Development" below
931:
639:. South of Ellesmere, the branch enters
46:Highland Creek and its associated valley
20:. For other uses of Highland Creek, see
991:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: ECW Press.
921:
869:until the construction of longer-span
31:
1039:Watershed Strategies - Highland Creek
7:
1070:Friends of the Highland Creek (FOHC)
436:, before joining the west branch at
2014:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
841:This is in contrast to the nearby
475:breeding in stagnant creek water (
14:
1761:Isle Royale National Park Islands
684:University of Toronto Scarborough
2127:
686:. It continues south-east under
63:
56:
40:
2168:First Nations sites in Toronto
1981:International Joint Commission
1971:Great Lakes Fishery Commission
779:Highland Creek Wetland Complex
206: • coordinates
141: • coordinates
1:
1007:"Topographic Map sheet 30M14"
116:Physical characteristics
1941:Great Lakes Areas of Concern
1931:Alliance for the Great Lakes
245: • elevation
180: • elevation
2163:Tributaries of Lake Ontario
1807:Province of Ontario Islands
890:Communities along the creek
257:29.1 km (18.1 mi)
2184:
1031:"Highland Creek Watershed
987:Fairburn, M. Jane (2013).
641:Morningside Park (Toronto)
311:at the eastern end of the
15:
2124:
2079:Museum and historic ships
1812:State of Michigan Islands
1116:
911:List of rivers of Ontario
188:
120:
51:
39:
1895:Midcontinent Rift System
812:Threats from development
804:Southwest Highland Creek
430:Canadian Pacific Railway
276: • right
184:186 m (610 ft)
29:River in Ontario, Canada
1716:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal
1110:Toronto waterway system
618:43.813750°N 79.248750°W
249:75 m (246 ft)
18:Highland Creek, Toronto
2064:Marine protected areas
2054:Lake Michigan Triangle
1956:Great Lakes Commission
1699:Sault Ste. Marie Canal
643:, where the tributary
565:
455:43.791806°N 79.25917°W
1905:Nipissing Great Lakes
1850:Glacial Lake Iroquois
1756:Detroit River Islands
1721:Trent–Severn Waterway
1106:Toronto ravine system
947:. Rampantscotland.com
759:43.79889°N 79.17278°W
721:43.76667°N 79.14472°W
700:Colonel Danforth Park
666:43.77417°N 79.19917°W
623:43.813750; -79.248750
587:43.81361°N 79.26111°W
563:
545:43.78556°N 79.22306°W
501:43.81500°N 79.28083°W
408:43.80306°N 79.28806°W
372:Highlands of Scotland
350:. The Highland Creek
339:), travels through a
228:43.76667°N 79.14472°W
163:43.81500°N 79.28083°W
135:& McNicoll Avenue
2158:Scarborough, Ontario
1915:Wisconsin glaciation
1890:Last Glacial Maximum
1650:Great Lakes Waterway
861:(at two locations),
859:Lawrence Avenue East
799:Bellamy Ravine Creek
515:Sheppard Avenue East
460:43.791806; -79.25917
2049:Lake Michigan–Huron
1961:Great Lakes Compact
1951:Great Lakes Charter
1910:Scotch Bonnet Ridge
1711:Straits of Mackinac
1687:St. Lawrence Seaway
1226:Taylor-Massey Creek
1165:West Highland Creek
1049:on October 14, 2007
794:West Highland Creek
764:43.79889; -79.17278
755: /
726:43.76667; -79.14472
717: /
671:43.77417; -79.19917
662: /
645:West Highland Creek
614: /
592:43.81361; -79.26111
583: /
550:43.78556; -79.22306
541: /
517:, then south under
506:43.81500; -79.28083
497: /
451: /
413:43.80306; -79.28806
404: /
281:West Highland Creek
262:Basin features
233:43.76667; -79.14472
224: /
168:43.81500; -79.28083
159: /
131:right of way, near
1900:Niagara Escarpment
1829:Potawatomi Islands
1817:Lake Huron Islands
1682:St. Lawrence River
1468:Grand Traverse Bay
1447:St. Joseph Channel
1437:Potagannissing Bay
1156:German Mills Creek
1136:Castle Frank Brook
863:Morningside Avenue
828:. There are small
680:Morningside Avenue
566:
313:Scarborough Bluffs
2153:Rivers of Toronto
2140:
2139:
2069:Marysburgh vortex
1778:Manitoulin Island
1773:Lake Erie Islands
1623:
1622:
1483:Little Bay de Noc
1249:
1248:
1017:on August 3, 2010
886:in October 1954.
698:East and through
688:Old Kingston Road
387:Finch Avenue East
346:formed after the
286:
285:
2175:
2134:Lakes portal
2132:
2131:
2130:
2039:Lake-effect snow
1838:Historic geology
1516:Hamilton Harbour
1389:Presque Isle Bay
1374:
1285:of North America
1276:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1045:. Archived from
1026:
1024:
1022:
1002:
979:
978:
976:
974:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
941:
935:
929:
818:control channels
770:
769:
767:
766:
765:
760:
756:
753:
752:
751:
748:
732:
731:
729:
728:
727:
722:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
677:
676:
674:
673:
672:
667:
663:
660:
659:
658:
655:
629:
628:
626:
625:
624:
619:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
598:
597:
595:
594:
593:
588:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
546:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
512:
511:
509:
508:
507:
502:
498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
466:
465:
463:
462:
461:
456:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
419:
418:
416:
415:
414:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
307:, emptying into
277:
239:
238:
236:
235:
234:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
181:
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
164:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
142:
67:
66:
60:
44:
32:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2120:
1997:
1919:
1833:
1798:Treasure Island
1751:Apostle Islands
1737:
1694:St. Marys River
1677:St. Clair River
1619:
1603:
1557:Chequamegon Bay
1540:
1504:
1500:Manitou Passage
1488:Porte des Morts
1456:
1415:Nottawasaga Bay
1398:
1369:
1363:
1327:Secondary lakes
1322:
1286:
1280:
1250:
1245:
1181:Keating Channel
1146:Etobicoke Creek
1112:
1103:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1050:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1011:Atlas of Canada
1005:
999:
986:
982:
972:
970:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
943:
942:
938:
930:
923:
919:
907:
892:
884:Hurricane Hazel
851:
814:
790:
781:
763:
761:
757:
754:
749:
746:
744:
742:
741:
738:Meadowvale Road
725:
723:
719:
716:
711:
708:
706:
704:
703:
696:Lawrence Avenue
670:
668:
664:
661:
656:
653:
651:
649:
648:
622:
620:
616:
613:
608:
605:
603:
601:
600:
591:
589:
585:
582:
577:
574:
572:
570:
569:
549:
547:
543:
540:
535:
532:
530:
528:
527:
505:
503:
499:
496:
491:
488:
486:
484:
483:
459:
457:
453:
450:
445:
442:
440:
438:
437:
412:
410:
406:
403:
398:
395:
393:
391:
390:
380:
364:
275:
246:
232:
230:
226:
223:
218:
215:
213:
211:
210:
207:
179:
167:
165:
161:
158:
153:
150:
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145:
140:
76:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:
47:
30:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Lake freighter
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
2002:Related topics
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1986:Municipalities
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Lake Frontenac
1872:
1867:
1865:Lake Algonquin
1862:
1857:
1855:Lake Admiralty
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1793:Lake Mindemoya
1790:
1785:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1747:
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1739:
1738:
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1723:
1718:
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1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:Batchawana Bay
1584:
1579:
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1569:
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1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1478:Big Bay de Noc
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Munuscong Lake
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1365:
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1362:
1361:
1356:
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1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
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1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Tomlin's Creek
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Superior Creek
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1161:Highland Creek
1158:
1153:
1151:Garrison Creek
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2059:Lake surfing
1885:Lake Stanley
1870:Lake Chicago
1860:Lake Agassiz
1788:Lake Manitou
1645:French River
1577:Superior Bay
1572:Pokegama Bay
1567:Keweenaw Bay
1552:Au Train Bay
1493:Sturgeon Bay
1410:Georgian Bay
1394:Sandusky Bay
1236:Yellow Creek
1221:Taddle Creek
1186:Mimico Creek
1171:Humber River
1160:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1038:
1032:
1021:December 11,
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1010:
988:
971:. Retrieved
961:
949:. Retrieved
939:
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880:
856:
852:
815:
782:
735:
609:79°14′55.5″W
606:43°48′49.5″N
567:
523:Markham Road
481:
476:
473:encephalitis
443:43°47′30.5″N
434:McCowan Road
426:Brimley Road
384:
381:
365:
354:, including
348:last Ice Age
309:Lake Ontario
299:district of
288:
287:
199:Lake Ontario
133:Brimley Road
106:Municipality
26:
2111:Third Coast
2074:Megalopolis
2034:Lake breeze
2019:Circle Tour
1880:Lake Maumee
1766:Isle Royale
1731:First canal
1597:Goulais Bay
1582:Thunder Bay
1536:Wellers Bay
1531:Toronto Bay
1452:Thunder Bay
1442:Saginaw Bay
1422:Lake George
1359:Couchiching
1283:Great Lakes
1201:Rouge River
1196:North Creek
1131:Burke Brook
1126:Black Creek
1121:Bonar Creek
973:January 29,
951:January 29,
843:Rouge River
788:Tributaries
762: /
724: /
669: /
621: /
590: /
548: /
519:Highway 401
504: /
458: /
411: /
356:tributaries
297:Scarborough
267:Tributaries
231: /
166: /
2147:Categories
2101:Shipwrecks
2029:Great Loop
1640:Erie Canal
1615:Anchor Bay
1521:Humber Bay
1384:Maumee Bay
1291:Main lakes
917:References
834:reservoirs
826:rock cages
773:Highway 2A
750:79°10′22″W
747:43°47′56″N
712:79°08′41″W
657:79°11′57″W
654:43°46′27″N
578:79°15′40″W
575:43°48′49″N
536:79°13′23″W
533:43°47′08″N
492:79°16′51″W
489:43°48′54″N
469:mosquitoes
446:79°15′33″W
399:79°17′17″W
396:43°48′11″N
219:79°08′41″W
154:79°16′51″W
151:43°48′54″N
2094:Laurentia
2024:Crossings
1824:Populated
1704:Soo Locks
1628:Waterways
1608:St. Clair
1562:Huron Bay
1526:Sodus Bay
1473:Green Bay
1354:Winnebago
1349:St. Clair
1339:Nipissing
1191:Mud Creek
1141:Don River
899:West Hill
709:43°46′0″N
647:joins at
471:carrying
378:Hydrology
352:watershed
216:43°46′0″N
129:Hydro One
2116:Treaties
1545:Superior
1461:Michigan
1370:channels
1368:Bays and
1318:Superior
1308:Michigan
1053:June 12,
905:See also
96:Province
81:Location
1743:Islands
1509:Ontario
1334:Nipigon
1313:Ontario
871:bridges
849:History
822:erosion
341:glacial
305:Ontario
301:Toronto
295:in the
110:Toronto
100:Ontario
86:Country
2106:Storms
2089:Region
1991:Cities
1344:Simcoe
995:
865:, and
838:sewers
362:Naming
344:ravine
337:Humber
329:salmon
270:
254:Length
125:Source
90:Canada
2084:Ports
2009:Basin
1665:Falls
1403:Huron
1303:Huron
1033:(map)
317:trout
293:river
291:is a
194:Mouth
1377:Erie
1298:Erie
1055:2008
1023:2007
993:ISBN
975:2017
953:2017
830:dams
694:and
335:and
327:and
325:bass
321:carp
740:at
389:at
333:Don
2149::
1041:.
1037:.
1009:.
924:^
690:,
323:,
319:,
303:,
1275:e
1268:t
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1167:)
1163:(
1108:/
1098:e
1091:t
1084:v
1057:.
1035:"
1025:.
1001:.
977:.
955:.
934:.
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
