314:
423:
438:
330:
322:
597:
40:
3418:
3406:
464:, the former Soviet Union and the United States. Later in the twentieth century there were exports to various European countries. In 2022 the breed was reported to DAD-IS by twenty-three countries, of which seventeen reported population data. The total population world-wide was reported at just over
674:
A fold of semi-wild
Highland cattle was studied over a period of 4 years. It was found that the cattle have a clear structure and hierarchy of dominance, which reduces aggression. Social standing depends on age and sex, with older cattle being dominant to calves and younger ones, and males dominant
639:
Mature bulls can weigh up to 800 kg (1800 lb) and heifers can weigh up to 500 kg (1100 lb). Cows typically have a height of 90–106 cm (35–42 in), and bulls are typically in the range of 106–120 cm (42–47 in). Mating occurs throughout the year with a gestation
704:
bull. This allows the
Highland cattle to produce a crossbred beef calf that has the tender beef of its mother on a carcass shape of more commercial value at slaughter. These crossbred beef suckler cows inherit the hardiness, thrift and mothering capabilities of their Highland dams and the improved
686:
The meat of
Highland cattle tends to be leaner than most beef because Highlands are largely insulated by their thick, shaggy hair rather than by subcutaneous fat. Highland cattle can produce beef at a reasonable profit from land that would otherwise normally be unsuitable for agriculture. The most
539:
in the 1880s. However, their numbers were small until the 1920s when large-scale breeding and importing began. In the 1950s cattle were imported from and exported to North
America. The Canadian Highland Cattle Society was officially registered in 1964 and currently registers all purebred cattle in
675:
to females. Young bulls will dominate adult cows when they reached around 2 years of age. Calves from the top ranking cow were given higher social status, despite minimal intervention from their mother. Playfighting, licking and mounting were seen as friendly contact.
635:
They have an unusual double coat of hair. On the outside is the oily outer hair—the longest of any cattle breed, covering a downy undercoat. This makes them well suited to conditions in the
Highlands, which have a high annual rainfall and sometimes very strong winds.
583:
The first record of
Highland cattle being imported to the United States was in the late 1890s. The American Highland Cattle Association was first organised in 1948 as the American Scotch Highland Breeders Association, and now claims approximately
657:
cope relatively well with low temperatures but
Highland cattle have been described as "almost as cold-tolerant as the arctic-dwelling caribou and reindeer". Conversely due to their thick coats they are much less tolerant of heat than
741:
644:
days. Most commonly a single calf is born, but twins are not unknown. Sexual maturity is reached at about eighteen months. Highland cattle also have a longer expected lifespan than most other breeds of cattle, up to 20 years.
914:
695:
The beef from
Highland cattle is very tender, but the market for high-quality meat has declined. To address this decline, it is common practice to breed Highland "suckler" cows with a more favourable breed such as a
3457:
567:
The
Highland Cattle Club of Finland was founded in 1997. Their studbooks show importation of Highland cattle breeding stock to Finland, dating back to 1884. The Finnish club states that in 2016, there were
544:(mad cow disease) outbreaks in the United Kingdom. Today, Highland cattle are mainly found in eastern Canada. In 2001 the population for Canada and the United States of America combined was estimated at
612:
coats. The usual coat colour is reddish brown, seen in approximately 60% of the population; some 22% are yellow, and the remainder pale silver, black or brindle/dun. The coat colours are caused by
559:
The Danish
Highland Cattle Society was established in 1987 to promote the best practices for the breeding and care of Highland cattle and to promote the introduction of the breed into Denmark.
662:, which originated in South Asia and are adapted for hot climates. Highland cattle have been successfully established in countries where winters are substantially colder than Scotland such as
408:, a group of Highland cattle is known as a "fold". This is because in winter, the cattle were kept in open shelters made of stone called folds to protect them from the weather at night.
479:
Highland cattle were first imported into Australia by the mid-nineteenth century by Scottish migrants such as Chieftain Aeneas Ronaldson MacDonell of Glengarry, Scotland. Arriving in
918:
3034:
1581:
2702:
3447:
1302:
3131:
491:, also from Scotland, who made a fortune in the Victorian goldfields and became Mayor of Melbourne in 1869, kept a small fold of black Highland cattle on
341:
or Western Islands, was small and was frequently black. The cattle were so called because of the practice of swimming them across the narrow straits or
540:
Canada. Towards the end of the 1990s, there was a large semen and embryo trade between the UK and Canada. However that has stopped, largely due to the
345:
separating the islands from the mainland. The cattle of the mainland were somewhat larger, and very variable in colour; they were often brown or red.
1538:
778:
511:
to establish the breed there. Australian farmers choose it because they can adapt to every environment. Despite some challenges, the Highland cattle
1047:
3235:
293:
of Scotland and has long horns and a long shaggy coat. It is a hardy breed, able to withstand the intemperate conditions in the region. The first
966:
1357:
Serif, S. M.; Johnson, H. D.; Lippincott, A. C. (March 1979). "The effects of heat exposure (31 °C) on zebu and Scottish Highland cattle".
803:
3075:
422:
3027:
1574:
1341:
1276:
2695:
722:
3163:
994:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2022.
781:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2022.
460:
From the late nineteenth century, stock was exported to various countries of the world, among them Argentina, Australia, Canada, the
3100:
3059:
1484:
991:
880:
755:
313:
3452:
3421:
3020:
1896:
1567:
1128:
541:
2688:
1449:
Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Greenwood, P. J.; Powell, R. P. (1976). "Ranks and Relationships in Highland Ponies and Highland Cows".
842:
496:
1516:
750:. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
3116:
705:
carcass configuration of their sires. Such crossbred sucklers can be further crossbred with a modern beef bull such as a
3230:
3147:
3080:
337:
The Highland is a traditional breed of western Scotland. There were two distinct types. The Kyloe, reared mainly in the
2862:
1976:
1901:
1226:
Schmutz, S. M.; Dreger, D. L. (2013). "Interaction of MC1R and PMEL alleles on solid coat colors in Highland cattle".
3090:
940:
3189:
3184:
1911:
72:
437:
329:
3085:
2555:
2291:
1310:
3215:
2384:
1077:
745:
483:, Victoria, in 1841 with his clan, they apparently drove their Highland cattle to a farm at Greenmount, on the
266:
1412:
3043:
2711:
2369:
687:
profitable way to produce Highland beef is on poor pasture in their native land, the Highlands of Scotland.
1026:
348:
These cattle were important to the Scottish economy of the eighteenth century. At markets such as those of
3442:
3179:
2812:
2442:
2364:
2311:
1931:
1542:
484:
2225:
1055:
3346:
3341:
3126:
3095:
2981:
2976:
2520:
2457:
2192:
2066:
1184:
282:
1205:
503:. In 1988 the Australian Highland Cattle Society was formed. Since then, numbers have been growing and
297:
dates from 1885; two types – a smaller island type, usually black, and a larger mainland type, usually
321:
2271:
2131:
1966:
1906:
1761:
1366:
807:
1103:
3300:
3220:
3210:
3121:
3054:
2437:
2359:
2146:
2136:
1916:
1801:
394:
1280:
3351:
3225:
2986:
2847:
2281:
2141:
2096:
2031:
1822:
1817:
1702:
1692:
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1390:
412:
286:
596:
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2505:
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2041:
2006:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1850:
1832:
1466:
1382:
1337:
1243:
876:
838:
751:
706:
701:
1491:
3356:
3194:
2991:
2878:
2842:
2817:
2633:
2580:
2550:
2220:
2106:
2026:
1926:
1776:
1657:
1642:
1458:
1424:
1374:
1235:
710:
697:
492:
461:
442:
3410:
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2756:
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2535:
2515:
2510:
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2379:
2374:
2349:
2301:
2296:
2177:
2126:
2121:
2111:
1971:
1796:
1786:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1667:
1662:
1637:
779:
Breed data sheet: Highland / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)
524:
500:
416:
1559:
1370:
523:
Highland cattle were first imported into Canada in the 1880s. The Hon. Donald A. Smith,
134:
3361:
3316:
3270:
3260:
2996:
2940:
2802:
2792:
2746:
2661:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2585:
2500:
2344:
2215:
2151:
2101:
2076:
2056:
2011:
1956:
1921:
1781:
1632:
1627:
1462:
654:
605:
499:
during the late 1800s, but other folds were believed to have died out in areas such as
290:
274:
1136:
3436:
3331:
3321:
2966:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2837:
2822:
2807:
2797:
2628:
2603:
2540:
2432:
2266:
2187:
2167:
2116:
2036:
1946:
1827:
1735:
1697:
1652:
1594:
1428:
1413:"Social behaviour and reproductive performance in semi-wild Scottish Highland cattle"
1239:
678:
Breeding occurred in May and June, with heifers first giving birth at 2–3 years old.
371:
1394:
869:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
3290:
2883:
2857:
2832:
2771:
2545:
2316:
2306:
2081:
2061:
2001:
1771:
1740:
1712:
1682:
488:
298:
2680:
427:
893:
870:
3382:
2930:
2623:
2570:
2530:
2276:
2182:
2071:
2046:
2021:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1855:
1756:
1677:
1619:
659:
623:
536:
532:
508:
480:
453:
793:. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed December 2021.
381:
In 2002 the number of registered breeding cows in the United Kingdom was about
3387:
3366:
3001:
2935:
2575:
2452:
2427:
2336:
2207:
2197:
2086:
1842:
790:
742:
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
2321:
2286:
1961:
1766:
1687:
1590:
512:
431:
375:
294:
17:
1247:
515:
does well and plays an important role in cattle breeding across Australia.
39:
3012:
747:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
356:, many were bought by drovers from England, who moved them south over the
2565:
2016:
1991:
1791:
1470:
1386:
944:
528:
378:. In this the two types were recorded without distinction as 'Highland'.
357:
338:
45:
835:
The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds
401:
as endangered/at risk. The number of unregistered cattle is not known.
2492:
2480:
2091:
1378:
535:, Manitoba, imported one bull each. There were also Highland cattle in
374:
was established in 1884, and in 1885 published the first volume of the
349:
1334:
Animal Sciences: The Biology, Care, and Production of Domestic Animals
2738:
2525:
1607:
663:
613:
447:
398:
353:
242:
66:
1081:
342:
2914:
2723:
2648:
2354:
1878:
1332:
Campbell, John R; Douglas Kenealy, M.; Campbell, Karen L. (2009).
595:
504:
436:
421:
328:
320:
312:
2595:
2407:
2051:
618:
609:
405:
302:
301:– were registered as a single breed. It is reared primarily for
3016:
2684:
2478:
2405:
2246:
1876:
1605:
1563:
1158:
2248:
60:
872:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
1004:
3458:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
837:. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press.
1411:
Reinhardt, Catherine; et al. (28 February 1985).
898:
The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society
740:
Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).
2730:
considered to be wholly or partly of Scottish origin.
305:, and has been exported to several other countries.
3375:
3309:
3253:
3244:
3203:
3172:
3156:
3140:
3109:
3068:
2949:
2923:
2907:
2871:
2785:
2737:
2647:
2594:
2491:
2335:
2259:
2206:
2160:
1889:
1841:
1810:
1749:
1711:
1618:
1485:"North East Highland Cattle – About the Breed"
229:
203:
178:
153:
148:
140:
130:
122:
114:
82:
53:
471:, with the largest numbers in France and Finland.
404:Although a group of cattle is generally called a
600:The hair gives protection during the cold winter
397:of the breed in the United Kingdom is listed in
317:Bull and bull calf, illustration from 1890–1900
1277:"Highland cattle – Britannic Rare Breeds"
1206:"American Highland Cattle Association History"
1027:"Livestock Conservancy – Highland cattle"
3028:
2696:
1575:
1541:. The Highland Cattle Society. Archived from
1336:(4th ed.). Waveland Press. p. 299.
8:
32:
806:. Highlandcattlesociety.com. Archived from
360:to be fattened for slaughter. In 1723 over
3250:
3035:
3021:
3013:
2703:
2689:
2681:
2488:
2475:
2415:
2402:
2256:
2243:
1886:
1873:
1615:
1602:
1582:
1568:
1560:
333:Cow and calf in south-eastern Saskatchewan
38:
31:
915:"Smallholder Series – Cattle Breeds"
1185:"American Highland Cattle Breed History"
829:
827:
825:
804:"Highland Cattle Society breed standard"
367:Scottish cattle were sold into England.
3236:Land allocation decision support system
1359:International Journal of Biometeorology
733:
285:of rustic cattle. It originated in the
1519:. The British Charolais Cattle Society
1129:"Danish Highland Cattle Society About"
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
415:ordered Highland cattle to be kept at
3448:Cattle breeds originating in Scotland
1406:
1404:
1104:"Highland Cattle World – Canada"
967:"Queen to found Highland Cattle fold"
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
7:
1539:"Highland Cattle Society; the breed"
941:"Highland Cattle at Balmoral Castle"
875:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
723:List of domesticated Scottish breeds
3076:National Farmers' Union of Scotland
1048:"Highland Cattle history in Canada"
531:, Manitoba, and Robert Campbell of
3164:History of agriculture in Scotland
1463:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00477.x
1303:"Highland Cattle – Sea World"
1078:"Canadian Highland Cattle Society"
25:
3101:Scottish Agricultural Wages Board
3060:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
495:. They were seen and survived in
419:where they are still kept today.
385:; by 2012 this had risen to some
3417:
3416:
3404:
1417:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1240:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02361.x
1052:Canadian Highland Cattle Society
2712:Scottish domestic animal breeds
1451:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
1163:Suomen Highland Cattle Club ry.
27:Scottish breed of rustic cattle
1517:"Highland cattle suckler beef"
1261:"Highland Cattle in Alberta".
894:The Colours of Highland Cattle
713:to produce high quality beef.
1:
3117:National Museum of Rural Life
992:Transboundary breed: Highland
833:Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001).
3231:Scottish Outdoor Access Code
3081:Scottish Crofting Federation
1429:10.1016/0168-1591(86)90058-4
622:gene (E locus) and the
575:Highland cattle in Finland.
2863:West Highland White Terrier
1977:Devon and Cornwall Longwool
135:The Highland Cattle Society
95:Long-haired Scottish Cattle
92:Long-haired Highland Cattle
3474:
3185:Moredun Research Institute
1897:Badger Face Welsh Mountain
69:(2021): endangered/at risk
3400:
3050:
2718:
2556:Old English Pheasant Fowl
2487:
2474:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2292:Gloucestershire Old Spots
2255:
2242:
1885:
1872:
1614:
1601:
1263:The Alberta Beef Magazine
981:– via Google Books.
237:
37:
3216:Scottish Land Commission
3091:Scotland's Rural College
2722:These are the principal
2385:Yorkshire Blue and White
758:. Archived 23 June 2020.
640:period of approximately
250:Bos (primigenius) taurus
104:Scottish Highland Cattle
3453:Highland (council area)
3044:Agriculture in Scotland
2370:Lincolnshire Curly Coat
1818:Chillingham Wild Cattle
487:, preceded by a piper.
278:
48:, in south-west England
3180:James Hutton Institute
3132:Agricultural buildings
2813:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
2312:Oxford Sandy and Black
1932:Brecknock Hill Cheviot
601:
457:
441:Bull, cow and calf on
434:
334:
326:
318:
270:
3347:North Ronaldsay sheep
3342:North Country Cheviot
3127:Royal Highland Centre
3096:Quality Meat Scotland
2977:North Country Cheviot
2067:North Country Cheviot
1902:Balwen Welsh Mountain
1108:Highland Cattle World
892:James Wilson (1909).
632:gene (D locus).
604:They have long, wide
599:
507:is being exported to
440:
425:
332:
324:
316:
98:North Highland Cattle
3173:Science and research
1967:Derbyshire Gritstone
1912:Black Welsh Mountain
1907:Beulah Speckled Face
921:on 26 September 2017
904:(New Series): 66–76.
233:horned in both sexes
107:West Highland Cattle
3411:Scotland portal
3301:Whitebred Shorthorn
3221:Scottish Land Court
3211:Crofting Commission
3122:Royal Highland Show
3055:Economy of Scotland
2360:Irish Greyhound Pig
2147:Whitefaced Woodland
1917:Bluefaced Leicester
1802:Whitebred Shorthorn
1545:on 29 November 2014
1371:1979IJBm...23....9S
1283:on 5 September 2015
1139:on 20 December 2016
456:, in northern Italy
395:conservation status
63:(2007): not at risk
54:Conservation status
34:
3352:Scottish Blackface
3226:Scottish Land Fund
2987:Scottish Blackface
2848:Scottish Deerhound
2365:Large White Ulster
2282:British Saddleback
2142:Whiteface Dartmoor
2097:Scottish Blackface
2032:Leicester Longwool
1497:on 7 December 2015
1379:10.1007/BF01553372
1133:highland-cattle.dk
973:. 25 February 1954
791:Watchlist overview
691:Commercial success
602:
458:
435:
413:Queen Elizabeth II
335:
327:
319:
287:Scottish Highlands
3430:
3429:
3396:
3395:
3327:Castlemilk Moorit
3010:
3009:
2962:Castlemilk Moorit
2853:Shetland Sheepdog
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2506:Derbyshire Redcap
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2443:British Primitive
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2327:Wessex Saddleback
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2173:Castlemilk Moorit
2007:Greyface Dartmoor
1937:British Milksheep
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1343:978-1-4786-0821-9
389:. In 2021 it was
259:
258:
115:Country of origin
75::UK native breeds
16:(Redirected from
3465:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3357:Scottish Dunface
3251:
3195:Roslin Institute
3086:Scottish farmers
3037:
3030:
3023:
3014:
2992:Scottish Dunface
2982:North Ronaldsay
2843:Scottish Terrier
2818:Golden Retriever
2705:
2698:
2691:
2682:
2634:Silver Appleyard
2551:Old English Game
2489:
2476:
2416:
2403:
2272:British Landrace
2257:
2244:
2221:Scottish Dunface
1927:Border Leicester
1887:
1874:
1658:English Longhorn
1616:
1603:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1490:. Archived from
1489:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1309:. Archived from
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1279:. Archived from
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1135:. Archived from
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1080:. Archived from
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1058:on 29 April 2015
1054:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:. 15 August 2024
1001:
995:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
947:on 27 April 2015
943:. Archived from
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
917:. Archived from
911:
905:
890:
884:
867:
846:
831:
820:
819:
817:
815:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
759:
738:
670:Social behaviour
643:
608:and long, wavy,
587:
574:
573:
550:
549:
493:Churchill Island
470:
469:
462:Falkland Islands
451:
392:
388:
384:
366:
365:
281:) is a Scottish
251:
245:
42:
35:
21:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3405:
3403:
3392:
3371:
3337:Hebridean sheep
3305:
3296:Shetland cattle
3286:Highland cattle
3281:Galloway cattle
3276:Belted Galloway
3266:Ayrshire cattle
3246:
3240:
3199:
3168:
3152:
3136:
3105:
3064:
3046:
3041:
3011:
3006:
2945:
2919:
2903:
2867:
2828:Paisley Terrier
2781:
2757:Belted Galloway
2733:
2728:domestic animal
2714:
2709:
2679:
2666:
2643:
2639:Welsh Harlequin
2590:
2536:Modern Langshan
2483:
2462:
2448:Golden Guernsey
2410:
2389:
2350:Dorset Gold Tip
2331:
2251:
2230:
2202:
2193:North Ronaldsay
2156:
1972:Devon Closewool
1881:
1860:
1837:
1806:
1745:
1726:Dairy Shorthorn
1707:
1638:Belted Galloway
1610:
1597:
1588:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1313:on 8 March 2018
1301:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
913:
912:
908:
891:
887:
868:
849:
832:
823:
813:
811:
802:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
762:
739:
735:
731:
719:
693:
684:
672:
655:European cattle
651:
641:
594:
592:Characteristics
585:
581:
571:
569:
565:
557:
547:
545:
525:Lord Strathcona
521:
501:New South Wales
477:
467:
465:
445:
417:Balmoral Castle
390:
386:
382:
363:
361:
311:
291:Western Islands
271:Bò Ghàidhealach
267:Scottish Gaelic
255:
249:
241:
225:
199:
196:
195:
194:average: 105 cm
188:
187:average: 125 cm
174:
171:
170:
169:average: 450 kg
163:
162:average: 650 kg
110:
101:Scottish Cattle
78:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3362:Shetland sheep
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:Border Cheviot
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Beef Shorthorn
3268:
3263:
3261:Aberdeen Angus
3257:
3255:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2941:Shetland Goose
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2803:Border Terrier
2800:
2795:
2793:Bearded Collie
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Aberdeen Angus
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Khaki Campbell
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Croad Langshan
2497:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:British Alpine
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Devon Longwool
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2152:Wiltshire Horn
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Welsh Mountain
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Hampshire Down
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Border Cheviot
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Old Gloucester
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:Beef Shorthorn
1630:
1628:Aberdeen Angus
1624:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1593:breeds of the
1589:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1530:
1508:
1476:
1457:(2): 206–216.
1441:
1423:(2): 125–136.
1400:
1349:
1342:
1324:
1294:
1268:
1253:
1218:
1197:
1176:
1150:
1120:
1095:
1084:on 28 May 2015
1069:
1039:
1018:
996:
984:
971:Glasgow Herald
958:
932:
906:
885:
847:
821:
810:on 10 May 2015
795:
783:
760:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
718:
715:
692:
689:
683:
680:
671:
668:
650:
649:Cold tolerance
647:
593:
590:
580:
577:
564:
561:
556:
553:
520:
517:
476:
473:
310:
307:
257:
256:
254:
253:
246:
238:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
207:
205:
201:
200:
198:
197:
193:
191:
189:
186:
182:
180:
176:
175:
173:
172:
168:
166:
164:
161:
157:
155:
151:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
86:
84:
80:
79:
77:
76:
70:
64:
57:
55:
51:
50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3470:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Cattle breeds
3441:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3399:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Cheviot sheep
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Boreray sheep
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:animal breeds
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:Organisations
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2899:Shetland Pony
2897:
2895:
2894:Highland Pony
2892:
2890:
2889:Galloway Pony
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Smooth Collie
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Gordon Setter
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Cairn Terrier
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Border Collie
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Abacot Ranger
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Nankin Bantam
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Manx Loaghtan
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:British White
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:British Isles
1592:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1265:. April 2006.
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1154:
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3291:Luing cattle
3285:
2884:Eriskay Pony
2858:Skye Terrier
2833:Rough Collie
2766:
2546:Norfolk Grey
2423:Anglo-Nubian
2307:Middle White
2062:Norfolk Horn
1772:Irish Moiled
1750:Dual purpose
1713:Dairy cattle
1672:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1533:
1523:15 September
1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:14 September
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1492:the original
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1311:the original
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1281:the original
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1165:(in Finnish)
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1082:the original
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977:11 September
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919:the original
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808:the original
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489:Samuel Amess
478:
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248:
123:Distribution
29:
18:Highland cow
3383:Scots Dumpy
2931:Scots Dumpy
2657:Brecon Buff
2571:Scots Dumpy
2531:Modern Game
2521:Indian Game
2380:Small White
2375:Small Black
2302:Large White
2297:Large Black
2277:British Lop
2226:South Devon
2137:Wensleydale
2072:Oxford Down
2022:Hill Radnor
1997:Exmoor Horn
1987:Dorset Horn
1982:Dorset Down
1952:Clun Forest
1856:Blue Albion
1823:Tory Island
1703:Welsh Black
1693:South Devon
1678:Lincoln Red
1620:Beef cattle
1365:(1): 9–14.
1234:(1): 9–13.
1169:4 September
744:, annex to
660:zebu cattle
537:Nova Scotia
533:Strathclair
509:New Zealand
485:Tarra River
481:Port Albert
454:Val Gardena
446: [
230:Horn status
219:dun/brindle
216:pale/silver
83:Other names
3437:Categories
3388:Scots Grey
3367:Soay sheep
3141:Industries
2936:Scots Grey
2879:Clydesdale
2576:Scots Grey
2345:Cumberland
2107:Shropshire
2087:Rough Fell
2027:Kerry Hill
1833:White Park
1228:Anim Genet
1211:7 February
1190:7 February
1143:4 December
843:0300088809
729:References
325:Black cows
279:Heilan coo
2972:Hebridean
2614:Orpington
2609:Aylesbury
2561:Orpington
2267:Berkshire
2178:Hebridean
2161:Primitive
2127:Teeswater
2122:Swaledale
2112:Southdown
2042:Llanwenog
1962:Dalesbred
1942:Cambridge
1811:Primitive
1777:Glamorgan
1767:Droimeann
1688:Shorthorn
1643:Blue Grey
1591:Livestock
1434:26 August
1159:"SHCC ry"
1011:18 August
711:Charolais
698:Shorthorn
588:members.
475:Australia
432:Lithuania
428:Širvintos
411:In 1954,
376:herd-book
295:herd-book
210:red-brown
126:worldwide
3422:Category
3245:Scottish
2997:Shetland
2777:Shetland
2767:Highland
2762:Galloway
2752:Ayrshire
2662:Shetland
2629:Shetland
2581:Sebright
2566:Rosecomb
2493:Chickens
2433:Bilberry
2317:Tamworth
2102:Shetland
2077:Portland
2017:Herdwick
1992:Easycare
1957:Cotswold
1851:Alderney
1797:Shetland
1792:Red Poll
1787:Pembroke
1731:Guernsey
1721:Ayrshire
1673:Highland
1668:Hereford
1663:Galloway
1395:33123426
1248:22524257
1062:28 April
1032:4 August
717:See also
707:Limousin
702:Limousin
529:Winnipeg
358:Pennines
339:Hebrides
289:and the
263:Highland
192:Female:
167:Female:
131:Standard
118:Scotland
46:Dartmoor
33:Highland
3376:Chicken
3157:History
3148:Fishing
3110:Culture
2967:Cheviot
2957:Boreray
2924:Poultry
2516:Ixworth
2511:Dorking
2481:Poultry
2337:Extinct
2208:Extinct
2168:Boreray
2117:Suffolk
2092:Ryeland
2037:Lincoln
1947:Cheviot
1843:Extinct
1549:13 June
1367:Bibcode
1317:22 June
925:13 June
814:13 June
642:277–290
616:at the
614:alleles
563:Finland
555:Denmark
452:in the
350:Falkirk
309:History
44:Cow on
3254:Cattle
2872:Horses
2739:Cattle
2724:breeds
2624:Magpie
2586:Sussex
2526:Legbar
2260:Extant
2082:Romney
2057:Masham
2002:Galway
1890:Extant
1828:Vaynol
1757:Albion
1736:Jersey
1698:Sussex
1653:Dexter
1608:Cattle
1471:961125
1469:
1393:
1387:500248
1385:
1340:
1246:
1113:28 May
1088:28 May
951:7 June
879:
841:
754:
664:Norway
610:woolly
519:Canada
443:Seceda
426:Above
399:DAD-IS
393:; the
354:Crieff
243:Cattle
213:yellow
185:Male:
179:Height
160:Male:
154:Weight
149:Traits
67:DAD-IS
3310:Sheep
2950:Sheep
2915:Grice
2772:Luing
2649:Geese
2596:Ducks
2458:Pygmy
2453:Irish
2428:Bagot
2408:Goats
2355:Grice
2322:Welsh
2287:Essex
2183:Jacob
2047:Lleyn
1879:Sheep
1741:Kerry
1683:Luing
1648:Devon
1495:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
1391:S2CID
606:horns
513:breed
505:semen
450:]
430:, in
343:kyles
283:breed
275:Scots
222:black
89:Kyloe
3204:Land
3190:SASA
3002:Soay
2908:Pigs
2786:Dogs
2249:Pigs
2198:Soay
2052:Lonk
1551:2016
1525:2015
1503:2015
1467:PMID
1436:2015
1383:PMID
1338:ISBN
1319:2015
1289:2015
1244:PMID
1213:2018
1192:2018
1171:2016
1145:2016
1115:2015
1090:2015
1064:2015
1034:2015
1013:2024
979:2015
953:2015
927:2015
877:ISBN
839:ISBN
816:2016
752:ISBN
653:All
629:SILV
625:PMEL
619:MC1R
586:1100
406:herd
391:3161
387:6000
383:2500
303:beef
261:The
204:Coat
144:meat
73:RBST
2726:of
1459:doi
1425:doi
1375:doi
1236:doi
709:or
700:or
682:Use
627:or
572:000
548:000
542:BSE
527:of
468:000
364:000
352:or
299:dun
141:Use
61:FAO
3439::
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448:it
370:A
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