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295:. Although Fukuda had acted on his own initiative, he wished to avoid conflict and was preparing to withdraw his forces on observing that the Chinese forces were acting orderly and not threatening the foreign residents. Nonetheless, tensions were high, and on the morning of May 3, when Japanese consul-general Koichi Nishida was returning from a meeting with Chiang Kai-shek, he was repeatedly fired upon by Chinese soldiers and looting started, resulting in the deaths and mutilation of 12 Japanese civilians. Events rapidly escalated out of control from that point, leading to a week of violence and armed conflict known as the
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214:, and on his return to Japan, was a military attache to the Russian Embassy in Tokyo. After serving as a battalion commander in the IJA 37th Infantry Regiment, he was promoted to Lieutenant colonel in 1913. In October 1915, he was sent as a military observer embedded within the
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Army's seizure of
Manchuria, then to an ever-spreading Sino-Japanese conflict, and ultimately to Japan's utter defeat in 1945.
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The
Arbitrary action of Japanese commanders in the field was the first of a series that led three years later to the Japanese
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as the start of a series of similar violations by field commanders in China which eventually resulted in the
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371:. John King Fairbank, Denis Crispin Twitchett (editor). Cambridge University Press. 1983. p. 706.
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Fukuda's action in violating orders from Tokyo has been citied by historians such as
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which resulted in a loss of
Japanese lives, and property, Fukuda moved troops from
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On Fukada's return in 1929, he was reassigned to the reserves. We was awarded the
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in Russia. He was promoted to major in 1908. In 1910, he was transferred to
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The
Cambridge History of China: Republican China, 1912-1949. Part 1
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448:Russian military personnel of World War I
174:and graduated from the 7th class of the
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152:, 5 November 1875 – 30 July 1959)
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347:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 73–74.
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224:Siberian Intervention
216:Imperial Russian Army
125:Siberian Intervention
288:Dai-ni Santo Shuppei
200:Ministry of the Army
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251:Northern Expedition
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