187:
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1994:, a crop that is native to India, does not grow in the cold latitudes such as those found in Europe, but grows in tropical latitudes, were grown in large colonial tropical plantations to meet the growing European and American demand. It is these sugarcane and other tropical cash crop plantations that brought the indentured Hindus and other migrants from India to Mauritius, and other tropical countries such as
2222:
2305:
35:
2026:
plantations, but these were predominantly males since colonial labor laws prevented women and children from accompanying the males. In the 1840s a severe shortage of cheap labor in
British plantation colonies led to systematic shipment of large number of indentured laborers to Mauritius, both men and women, particularly from the ports of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. According to
2291:
3051:
26:
194:
2030:– a professor of Sociology, the Hindus and non-Hindus of India who arrived in Mauritius were a small percentage of the over 30 million indentured Indian workers shipped around the colonial world between the 18th and early 20th century (many of whom returned after serving for years as plantation labor).
2071:
system and intercaste restrictions have been unimportant in
Mauritius. Most scholars, states Hollup, observe that this may be because "the economic and political conditions in the host societies where indentured Indian laborers were introduced had conditions that were not conducive to the maintenance
1982:
The
European colonial powers banned slave capture and trading in the first half of the 19th century, with the British Empire banning it in the early decades. However, the demand kept rising for low cost, high intensity labor in colonial plantations of sugarcane, cotton, tobacco and other cash crops.
2075:
However, casteism has become an integral part of
Mauritian politics as major political parties which are involved in general elections propose Hindu candidates on the basis of their castes in order to match the caste demographics of voters in each constituency and district. Otherwise, electoral
2025:
were rampant during the colonial rule. Millions of
Indians died from mass starvation during the 19th-century British India. The extreme circumstances broke families, villages and triggered migrations. By 1839, Mauritius already had 25,000 Indians working in slave-like conditions in its colonial
2042:
The major languages spoken by Hindus in
Mauritius, at home and in commerce, are Creole, Bhojpuri, Tamil and Hindi. The politically active Hindus, states Eisenholr, have attempted to preserve Hindi by calling it their "mother tongue" and "ancestral language", as well as an assurance against the
2265:
2033:
By the time
Mauritius gained independence from the British Empire, a majority of its population were from Indian heritage. According to Patrick Eisenlohr, about 70% of Mauritius' total population is of Indian origin. Those who identify themselves as Hindus constitute about 48% of the total
2099:
which abbreviates "Tamil, Telegu, Marathi". The MMM also attempted to separate the
Ravived and Rajput castes from the Vaish group for political gains during the 1983 elections, but these divisive methods failed as the MMM lost these elections after being in power for less than a year.
2046:
The island nation carries many
Bhojpuri-language television programs on Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation, the channel controlled by the Mauritius government. Hindus in Mauritius that widely use Bhojpuri include the rural south and north-central region near
1990:, a long-established form of contract which bound them to forced labour for a fixed term; apart from the fixed term of servitude, this resembled slavery. The first ships carrying indentured labourers from India left in 1836.
2128:("Great Night of Shiva"). During this annual Hindu celebration, which takes place in the months of February and March, four to nine days of ceremony and fasting lead up to an all-night vigil of Shiva worship.
2172:, "the Festival of Lights," also known as Deepawali. This Hindu festival is a national public holiday in Mauritius. It is popular, cuts across ethnic barriers, with Mauritius Christians observing it as well.
2084:
in which he explained how casteism is a major consideration by politicians who strictly respect this system although they publicly deny its existence in
Mauritius. What is now knows as the
2457:
2072:
of caste", and that caste was not a principle of social organization as all Indian laborers (coolies) were "doing the same kind of work and sharing the same living conditions".
2043:
colonial discrimination they faced, but most Hindus mainly use Creole in their daily lives – a syncretic language of Indians and Africans that has developed on the island.
267:
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186:
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2095:
Another relatively modern form of stratification emerged in 1983 when the MMM attempted to isolate the Hindi-speaking Hindus by inventing a new group called
1195:
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Grieco, Elizabeth M. (1998). "The Effects of Migration on the Establishment of Networks: Caste Disintegration and Reformation among the Indians of Fiji".
1436:
were brought as indentured labour to colonial French and later in much larger numbers to British plantations in Mauritius and neighboring islands of the
419:
2051:. These settlements are of Hindus primarily from Gangetic plains regions of Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh, and their language is a modified form – a
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caste in Mauritius is a relatively recent invention which did not exist when Coolies arrived on the island after 1835. In Mauritius the term
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The Hindus, and non-Hindus, who accepted indentured labor contracts and were brought to Mauritius, faced difficult conditions in India.
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The indentured people brought from India included primarily Hindus, but also included Muslims and Christians. They were subject to
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Pieter C. Emmer (1986). "Chapter 9: The meek Hindu, the recruitment of Indian indentured labourers for service overseas".
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Hollup, Oddvar (1994). "The Disintegration of Caste and Changing Concepts of Indian Ethnic Identity in Mauritius".
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The British Empire substituted the slave labor supplies from Africa with indentured labor supplies from India.
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Jayawardena, Chandra (1968). "Migration and Social Change: A Survey of Indian Communities Overseas".
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New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa
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New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa
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where Hinduism is the most practiced religion and percentage wise ranks third in the world after
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Michael Mann (2016). "Chapter 16: Circulation and Migration". In John Marriott (ed.).
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Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius
2776:
Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius
2749:
Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius
2719:
Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius
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nowadays collectively refers to the sub castes Ahir, Koyri, Kurmi and Nonya.
2007:
1461:
3025:
2665:
Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World
2212:
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1991:
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2003:
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1999:
25:
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Colonialism and Migration; Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery
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2152:, a festival occurring on a public holiday assigned to the extensive
2143:
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1492:
1440:. The migrants came primarily from what are now the Indian states of
2873:
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2175:
2107:
2068:
1500:
1496:
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1441:
39:
2586:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
2185:
1995:
1809:
3065:
3005:
Xygalatas, D.; Mitkidis, P.; Fischer, R.; et al. (2013).
2063:
According to some scholars, such as Oddvar Hollup, the first
1804:
192:
185:
2809:. University of California Press. pp. 67–69, 207–208.
2692:
The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories
2166:
celebrated in honour of the titular goddess over nine days.
2112:
The Hindus in Mauritius observe major festivals, such as
2635:. Springer. pp. 194–199, for context see 187–199.
2361:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–8, 30–31, 53–54.
2082:
Castes in Mauritius, the future of Indians and Hinduism
2021:, starvation, epidemics and severe periodic famines in
2131:
Other important Hindu festivals in Mauritius include:
2605:
Indentured Labor in the Age of Imperialism, 1834-1922
2080:, an author and political activist, published a book
2385:
Transnational Migration and the Politics of Identity
2124:
One of the biggest Hindu festivals on the island is
2034:
population, or about 69% of those of Indian origin.
94:
63:
47:
2937:"Portrait: Atma Doolooa, un chamar fier de l'être"
2828:
2826:
2779:. University of California Press. pp. 72–73.
2752:. University of California Press. pp. 51–55.
2597:
2595:
2593:
2521:
2055:in linguistic studies – of the original Bhojpuri.
2722:. University of California Press. pp. 7–8.
2350:
2348:
2209:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
2916:"The fallacy of the caste system in Mauritius"
2798:
2796:
2741:
2739:
2668:. Verso Books. pp. 6–11, 54–59, 167–173.
2654:
2652:
2608:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–67.
3077:
2156:-speaking community, celebrates the birth of
1404:
8:
1795:
18:
2958:"Kurmi, Ahir, Blanc, Kurmi, Ahir, re-Ahir…"
2520:Steven Vertovik (Robin Cohen, ed.) (1995).
1472:, with another influx of migrants from the
3084:
3070:
3062:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2067:that settled in Mauritius did not observe
1794:
1411:
1397:
174:
2499:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4.
2458:"Resident population by religion and sex"
1510:
2524:The Cambridge survey of world migration
2344:
2217:
177:
3007:"Extreme Rituals Promote Prosociality"
2059:Social stratification and Caste System
17:
2388:. SAGE Publications. pp. 65–67.
7:
1487:Hinduism is the largest religion in
2981:Mauritius, Réunion & Seychelles
14:
2142:. It is particularly observed by
2076:defeat becomes imminent. In 2007
3049:
2303:
2289:
2263:
2248:
2234:
2220:
1196:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
268:Democratic Republic of the Congo
33:
24:
2862:International Migration Review
1:
2557:. Hansib Publishing, London.
2211:maintains several temples in
2467:. p. 68. Archived from
2242:Sagar Shiv Mandir Mauritius
1206:Caribbean Madrasi Community
165:other South Asian languages
3241:
2803:Patrick Eisenlohr (2006).
2773:Patrick Eisenlohr (2006).
2746:Patrick Eisenlohr (2006).
2716:Patrick Eisenlohr (2006).
3099:
2411:"The Hindus of Mauritius"
2382:Meenakshi Thapan (2005).
2329:Demographics of Mauritius
2019:Poverty in colonial India
1822:—
99:
68:
52:
32:
23:
3026:10.1177/0956797612472910
2438:. CIA The World Factbook
253:Central African Republic
2602:David Northrup (1995).
2188:The Festival of Colors.
2121:
819:Bosnia and Herzegovina
197:
190:
3225:Religion in Mauritius
3220:Hinduism in Mauritius
3056:Hinduism in Mauritius
3014:Psychological Science
2555:New System of Slavery
2553:Tinker, Hugh (1993).
2493:Paul Younger (2009).
2409:Malik, Rajiv (2003).
2355:Paul Younger (2009).
2324:Religion in Mauritius
2198:, a harvest festival.
2111:
2104:Major Hindu festivals
1796:Historical population
1186:Saint Kitts and Nevis
420:São Tomé and Príncipe
273:Republic of the Congo
196:
189:
19:Hinduism in Mauritius
3058:at Wikimedia Commons
2984:. pp. 93, 134.
2465:Statistics Mauritius
2203:Temples in Mauritius
759:United Arab Emirates
59:of total population)
2889:Geographical Review
2436:"Africa: Mauritius"
2417:. Himalayan Academy
1797:
1201:Trinidad and Tobago
1126:Antigua and Barbuda
179:Hinduism by country
20:
3093:Hinduism in Africa
2319:Hinduism in Africa
2122:
1482:Partition of India
1151:Dominican Republic
198:
191:
3207:
3206:
3054:Media related to
2991:978-1-74059-301-4
2978:Jan Dodd (2004).
2816:978-0-520-24879-3
2786:978-0-520-24879-3
2759:978-0-520-24879-3
2729:978-0-520-24879-3
2702:978-1-317-04251-8
2675:978-1-78168-061-2
2642:978-94-009-4354-4
2615:978-0-521-48047-5
2564:978-1-870518-18-5
2539:978-0-521-44405-7
2506:978-0-19-974192-2
2474:on 6 October 2022
2395:978-0-7619-3425-7
2368:978-0-19-974192-2
2334:Hindu eschatology
2182:, Hindu New Year.
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2138:, honoring Lord
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1889:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1470:Andhra Pradesh
1450:Madhya Pradesh
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1014:United Kingdom
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
790:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
719:Southeast Asia
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
635:
634:
629:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
588:
587:
582:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
388:Western Sahara
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
204:
203:
200:
199:
182:
181:
171:
170:
168:
167:
114:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
66:
65:
61:
60:
53:630,500 (2011)
50:
49:
45:
44:
42:in Ganga Talao
38:
30:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3237:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2971:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2695:. Routledge.
2694:
2693:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2486:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:Uttar Pradesh
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:French Guiana
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:South America
1305:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:New Caledonia
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:United States
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:North America
1045:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:Liechtenstein
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
788:
783:
782:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Guinea-Bissau
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
202:
201:
195:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
113:
109:
105:
102:
101:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
51:
46:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
16:
3174:South Africa
3169:Sierra Leone
3143:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2980:
2973:
2962:. Retrieved
2952:
2941:. Retrieved
2931:
2920:. Retrieved
2909:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2838:
2834:
2805:
2775:
2768:
2748:
2718:
2711:
2691:
2684:
2664:
2631:
2624:
2604:
2554:
2548:
2523:
2515:
2495:
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2469:the original
2464:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2414:
2404:
2384:
2377:
2357:
2276:Grand Bassin
2206:
2130:
2123:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:Atma Doolooa
2074:
2062:
2049:La Nicolière
2045:
2041:
2032:
2028:Michael Mann
2016:
2014:and others.
1985:
1981:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1507:Demographics
1486:
1438:Indian Ocean
1423:
1422:
754:Turkmenistan
709:Saudi Arabia
445:South Africa
435:Sierra Leone
377:
233:Burkina Faso
116:
103:
83:
75:
69:
56:
15:
3124:Ivory Coast
3104:Arab states
2960:. L'Express
2918:. L'Express
2528:. pp.
2478:19 November
2272:Ganga Talao
2023:British Raj
1458:Maharashtra
1261:New Zealand
1191:Saint Lucia
1181:Puerto Rico
1071:El Salvador
1004:Switzerland
939:Netherlands
699:Philippines
632:South Korea
627:North Korea
505:Afghanistan
450:South Sudan
333:Ivory Coast
3214:Categories
3164:Seychelles
3149:Mozambique
3134:Madagascar
2964:2017-02-05
2943:2012-07-08
2922:2017-06-07
2895:(3): 426.
2868:(3): 704.
2660:Mike Davis
2421:2007-04-25
2340:References
2270:Temple at
2180:Gudi Padwa
2164:Durga Puja
2118:Port Louis
2008:Martinique
1476:region of
1462:Tamil Nadu
1246:Micronesia
1176:Martinique
1161:Guadeloupe
1066:Costa Rica
974:San Marino
934:Montenegro
914:Luxembourg
764:Uzbekistan
739:Tajikistan
644:Kyrgyzstan
617:Kazakhstan
555:East Timor
525:Bangladesh
515:Azerbaijan
430:Seychelles
395:Mozambique
373:Mauritania
358:Madagascar
248:Cape Verde
90:and Others
88:Arya Samaj
40:Durga Mata
3144:Mauritius
2835:Ethnology
2213:Mauritius
2136:Thaipusam
1992:Sugarcane
1988:indenture
1489:Mauritius
1466:Telangana
1454:Jharkhand
1430:Mauritius
1387:Full list
1376:Venezuela
1316:Argentina
1226:Australia
1114:Caribbean
1091:Nicaragua
1076:Guatemala
909:Lithuania
864:Gibraltar
724:Sri Lanka
714:Singapore
694:Palestine
575:Indonesia
565:Hong Kong
378:Mauritius
112:Old Tamil
95:Languages
64:Religions
3199:Zimbabwe
3179:Tanzania
3114:Ethiopia
3109:Botswana
3034:23740550
2662:(2002).
2283:See also
2038:Language
2012:Suriname
2004:Trinidad
1525:Increase
1478:Pakistan
1428:came to
1425:Hinduism
1366:Suriname
1356:Paraguay
1336:Colombia
1236:Kiribati
1146:Dominica
1136:Barbados
1121:Anguilla
1081:Honduras
1029:Scotland
989:Slovenia
984:Slovakia
959:Portugal
824:Bulgaria
744:Thailand
689:Pakistan
669:Mongolia
664:Maldives
659:Malaysia
540:Cambodia
485:Zimbabwe
460:Tanzania
303:Ethiopia
298:Eswatini
278:Djibouti
243:Cameroon
228:Botswana
121:Bhojpuri
117:Majority
108:Sanskrit
84:Minority
76:Majority
71:Hinduism
3159:Réunion
3154:Nigeria
2914:G., R.
2256:Triolet
2228:Ganesha
2158:Ganesha
2154:Marathi
2146:Hindus.
2140:Murugan
2000:Jamaica
1973:600,327
1962:585,210
1951:535,028
1940:506,486
1929:421,707
1918:332,851
1907:241,660
1896:203,709
1885:202,192
1874:201,895
1863:202,716
1852:206,131
1841:209,079
1830:202,281
1819:132,652
1791:History
1520:Percent
1434:Indians
1371:Uruguay
1341:Ecuador
1321:Bolivia
1296:Vanuatu
1219:Oceania
1171:Jamaica
1156:Grenada
1131:Bahamas
1019:England
1009:Ukraine
964:Romania
924:Moldova
884:Ireland
879:Iceland
874:Hungary
859:Germany
849:Finland
844:Estonia
839:Denmark
834:Czechia
829:Croatia
814:Belgium
809:Belarus
804:Austria
799:Andorra
794:Albania
769:Vietnam
674:Myanmar
654:Lebanon
560:Georgia
520:Bahrain
510:Armenia
470:Tunisia
440:Somalia
425:Senegal
410:Nigeria
400:Namibia
383:Morocco
348:Liberia
343:Lesotho
293:Eritrea
263:Comoros
238:Burundi
213:Algeria
157:English
149:Marathi
3194:Zambia
3189:Uganda
3139:Malawi
3032:
2988:
2813:
2783:
2756:
2726:
2699:
2672:
2639:
2612:
2561:
2536:
2503:
2442:9 July
2392:
2365:
2258:Mandir
2192:Pongal
2170:Diwali
2120:above.
2114:Diwali
2065:Hindus
1943:+20.1%
1932:+26.7%
1921:+37.7%
1910:+18.6%
1833:+52.5%
1780:-1.10%
1774:48.54%
1762:-0.99%
1757:49.64%
1745:-0.02%
1740:50.63%
1728:+1.09%
1723:50.65%
1711:+2.01%
1706:49.56%
1692:+0.58%
1687:47.55%
1675:-0.29%
1670:46.97%
1658:-3.11%
1653:47.26%
1641:-2.33%
1636:50.37%
1624:-1.56%
1619:52.70%
1607:-1.36%
1602:54.26%
1590:-0.48%
1585:55.62%
1573:+0.11%
1568:56.10%
1556:+4.02%
1551:55.99%
1537:51.97%
1493:Africa
1351:Guyana
1326:Brazil
1291:Tuvalu
1096:Panama
1086:Mexico
1061:Canada
1056:Belize
999:Sweden
979:Serbia
969:Russia
954:Poland
949:Norway
929:Monaco
899:Latvia
894:Kosovo
869:Greece
854:France
787:Europe
749:Turkey
734:Taiwan
639:Kuwait
612:Jordan
602:Israel
550:Cyprus
535:Brunei
530:Bhutan
480:Zambia
475:Uganda
415:Rwanda
363:Malawi
323:Guinea
313:Gambia
218:Angola
206:Africa
161:French
145:Sindhi
141:Telugu
125:Awadhi
104:Sacred
3129:Kenya
3119:Ghana
3010:(PDF)
2530:57–68
2472:(PDF)
2461:(PDF)
2176:Ugadi
2144:Tamil
2090:Vaish
2086:Vaish
2069:caste
2053:koiné
1976:+2.6%
1970:2011
1965:+9.4%
1959:2000
1954:+5.6%
1948:1990
1937:1983
1926:1972
1915:1962
1904:1952
1899:+0.8%
1893:1944
1888:+0.1%
1882:1931
1877:−0.4%
1871:1921
1866:−1.7%
1860:1911
1855:−1.4%
1849:1901
1844:+3.4%
1838:1891
1827:1881
1816:1871
1501:India
1497:Nepal
1474:Sindh
1442:Bihar
1432:when
1331:Chile
1286:Tonga
1276:Samoa
1266:Palau
1251:Nauru
1166:Haiti
1034:Wales
994:Spain
919:Malta
889:Italy
774:Yemen
729:Syria
704:Qatar
679:Nepal
622:Korea
607:Japan
570:India
545:China
455:Sudan
405:Niger
353:Libya
338:Kenya
318:Ghana
308:Gabon
283:Egypt
223:Benin
137:Tamil
129:Hindi
57:48.5%
3184:Togo
3030:PMID
2986:ISBN
2811:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2754:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2670:ISBN
2637:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2501:ISBN
2480:2023
2444:2020
2390:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2207:The
2186:Holi
1996:Fiji
1805:Pop.
1801:Year
1769:2011
1752:2001
1735:1991
1718:1981
1701:1971
1682:1961
1665:1951
1648:1941
1631:1931
1614:1921
1597:1911
1580:1901
1563:1891
1546:1881
1532:1871
1515:Year
1499:and
1468:and
1361:Peru
1231:Fiji
1141:Cuba
684:Oman
649:Laos
597:Iraq
592:Iran
585:Java
580:Bali
498:Asia
465:Togo
368:Mali
258:Chad
163:and
133:Urdu
110:and
3022:doi
2897:doi
2870:doi
2843:doi
2274:'s
2116:in
2097:TTM
3216::
3028:.
3018:24
3016:.
3012:.
2893:58
2891:.
2866:32
2864:.
2839:33
2837:.
2825:^
2795:^
2738:^
2651:^
2592:^
2573:^
2532:.
2463:.
2413:.
2347:^
2215:.
2010:,
2006:,
2002:,
1998:,
1810:±%
1503:.
1484:.
1464:,
1460:,
1456:,
1452:,
1448:,
1444:,
159:,
155:,
151:,
147:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
123:,
119::
106::
3085:e
3078:t
3071:v
3036:.
3024::
2994:.
2967:.
2946:.
2925:.
2903:.
2899::
2876:.
2872::
2849:.
2845::
2819:.
2789:.
2762:.
2732:.
2705:.
2678:.
2645:.
2618:.
2567:.
2542:.
2509:.
2482:.
2446:.
2424:.
2398:.
2371:.
2194:/
2178:/
2160:.
1412:e
1405:t
1398:v
55:(
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