2910:
255:
1920:
3137:
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2726:
2679:. A local Hindu movement is struggling to gain control of a newly excavated temple building which they wish to see restored as a site of active Hindu worship. The temple is to be dedicated to Gajah Mada, the man attributed with transforming the small Hindu kingdom of Majapahit into an empire. Although there has been a more pronounced history of resistance to Islamization in East Java, Hindu communities are also expanding in Central Java near the ancient Hindu monuments of Prambanan. On 9 to 12 November 2019, the grand
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46:
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2199:
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2038:
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2153:
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2015:
2176:
2084:
2222:
1787:
2130:
1639:) cultural and linguistic influence on local Indian peoples. Several scholars, such as Professor Przyluski, Jules Bloch, and Lévi, among others, concluded that there is a significant cultural, linguistic, and political Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) influence on early Indian culture and traditions. India is seen a melting pot of western, eastern and indigenous traditions.
76:
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3343:
262:
2379:, elevating the Khmer kings as possessing the divine quality of living gods on earth, attributed to the incarnation of Vishnu or Shiva. In politics, this status was viewed as the divine justification of a king's rule. The cult enabled the Khmer kings to embark on massive architectural projects, constructing majestic monuments such as Angkor Wat and
2375:(priests), traders, artisans such as carpenters and stonemasons, potters, metalworkers, goldsmiths, and textile weavers, while on the lowest social level are slaves. The extensive irrigation projects provided rice surpluses that could support a large population. The state religion was Hinduism but influenced by the cult of
2394:
prevailed, even among the lower classes, after its introduction from Sri Lanka in the 13th century. Since then, Hinduism slowly declined in
Cambodia, and finally being replaced by Theravadan Buddhist as the major faith in the kingdom. Despite this, Hindu rituals continue to play an important role in
37:
2356:
The Khmer Empire has developed a complex society where sophisticated culture, art, and architecture flourish. The Khmer king and his officials were in charge of irrigation management and water distribution, which consisted of an intricate series of hydraulics infrastructure, such as canals, moats,
1942:
were the first to be identified under the umbrella of 'Hinduism', followed by the Karo Batak of
Sumatra in 1977 and the Ngaju Dayak of Kalimantan in 1980. In an unpublished report in 1999, the National Indonesian Bureau of Statistics admitted that around 100,000 people had officially converted or
3456:
is one of the most notable Tamil Hindu temples in Ho Chi Minh City. Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan
Provinces are where most of the Cham ethnic group (≈65%) in Vietnam reside according to the last population census. Cham Balamon (Hindu Cham) in Ninh Thuan numbered 7,000 in 2002 inhabiting 6 of 34 Cham
2797:
and adopted a discriminatory constitution as well as the
Sedition Act of 1971 which limited public debate on Malaysia's treatment of religion, language and citizenship policies. In recent decades, there have been increasing reports of religious persecution of Hindus, along with other minority
2802:
courts. Hindu temples built on private property, and built long before
Malaysian independence, have been demolished by Malaysian government officials in recent years. Since the 1970s, there has been large scale emigration of Hindus (along with Buddhists and Christians) from Malaysia.
3306:. According to T.P. Meenakshisundaram, the name of the festival indicates that Thiruppavai might have been recited as well. The swinging ceremony depicted a legend about how the god created the world. Outside shops, particularly in towns and rural areas, statues of
2455:
had supplanted
Hinduism and Buddhism as the majority religion in the Indonesian archipelago. The influence of Hinduism has profoundly left its marks on the culture of Bali, Java, and Sumatra. Bali has become the last remnant of once Hindu dominated region.
1622:
A reason for the acceptance of Indian culture and religious traditions in
Southeast Asia was because Indian culture already some striking similarities to indigenous cultures of Southeast Asia, which can be explained by earlier Southeast Asian (specifically
3873:
2315:, the largest temple complex in the world (now Buddhist) was once a Hindu temple. The main religion adhered to in Khmer kingdom was Hinduism, followed by Buddhism in popularity. Initially, the kingdom followed Hinduism as its main state religion.
3106:. There are currently about thirty main temples in Singapore, dedicated to various gods and goddesses from the Hindu pantheon. Today, two government bodies deal with Hindu affairs: The Hindu Endowments Board and The Hindu Advisory Board.
2395:
the kingdom. Like in neighboring
Thailand, the ceremony of coronation is conducted mostly by royal Brahmins, during which the sovereign swears in front of the idols of gods Vishnu and Shiva to maintain the ancient national traditions.
1973:
are the only surviving native (non-Indic) Hindus in
Southeast Asia. In Vietnam there are roughly 160,000 members of the Cham ethnic minority, majority of them adheres to Islam while some are Hindus. After centuries being dominated by
3206:. Numerous rituals derived from Brahmanism are preserved in rituals, such as the use of holy strings and pouring of water from conch shells. Furthermore, Hindu deities are worshipped by many Thais alongside Buddhism, such as
2689:
ceremony was meant to cleanse, sanctify and purify the temple, thus signify that the temple is not merely an archaeological and tourism site, but also restored to its original function as a focus of Hindu religious activity.
2438:
and 5.75% of the population of
Central Kalimantan, as of the 2010 census. However, between the 4th century to 15th century, Hinduism and Buddhism was adhered by the majority of the population, along with native indigenous
3109:
Hindus are a minority in Singapore, comprising about 10.1 percent of its citizens and permanent residents in 2010. Among 15 years or older population, there were about 558,000 Hindus; 37% of all Hindus in Singapore speak
1852:, a variant of Hinduism derived from ancient Java-Bali Hindu traditions developed in the island for almost two millennia that often incorporates native spiritual elements. Other than the Balinese, a small enclave of
4768:
3881:
3360:, brought by sea from India. Hinduism was an important religion among the Cham people (along with Buddhism, Islam, and indigenous beliefs) until the sixteenth century. Numerous temples dedicated to
5533:
3764:
3025:, and are some 15 minutes away from each other by foot. There are currently around 22 gurdwāras nationwide, with most congregants being Indians, Sri Lankans and Nepalese. There are also various
2782:
of recruitment, designed to reduce labour turnover and enhance labour stability, encouraged Hindu workers to recruit friends and family from India to work in British operations in Malaysia. The
2268:
Hinduism is a minority religion of Southeast Asia with a sizeable population in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Myanmar. Indonesia has the fourth largest hindu population of the world.
4548:"The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines, The ancestors of Vietnam's Cham people built one of the great empires of Southeast Asia"
3418:. The term Balamon is considered to have been derived from Brahmin, however, another study suggests that 70% are considered to descend from the Nagavamshi Kshatriya caste (pronounced in
5111:
5587:
1619:
archipelago. The civilisation of India influenced the languages, scripts, written tradition, literatures, calendars, beliefs system and artistic aspects of these peoples and nations.
4996:
3396:, in Vietnam. Since the 15th century under the growing Vietnamese kingdom from the north, Champa was conquered and reduced as a polity. The Chams were subsequently absorbed by the
2338:
as Vishnu. Hindu ceremonies and rituals performed by Brahmins (Hindu priests), typically only remained among the ruling elites of the king's family, nobles, and the ruling class .
1748:
claimed to be descendants of the kings of the Chola Empire.Chola rule is remembered in Malaysia today as many princes there have names ending with Cholan or Chulan, one such being
4547:
2748:
Hinduism is the fourth largest religion in Malaysia. About 1.78 million Malaysian residents (6.3% of the total population) are Hindus, according to 2010 Census of Malaysia.
1943:'reconverted' from Islam to Hinduism over the previous two decades. The Ministry of Religious Affairs, as of 2007 estimates there to be at least 10 million Hindus in Indonesia.
3444:
The exact number of Hindus in Vietnam are not published in Government census, but there are estimated to be at least 10,000 Balamon Hindus, with another 4,000 Hindus living in
1513:, people of Southeast Asia entered the historical period by producing their earliest inscriptions around the 1st to 5th century CE. Today, Hindus in Southeast Asia are mainly
2909:
4107:
It has been further proved that not only linguistic but also certain cultural and political facts of ancient India, can be explained by Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer) elements.
2685:
sacred ceremony was performed in this temple compound. This Hindu ritual was held for the first time after 1,163 years after the Prambanan temple was founded on 856. The
5526:
3457:
villages. If this population composition is typical for the Balamon Cham population of Vietnam as a whole then approximately 10% of Balamon Chams in Vietnam are Hindu.
5449:, Volume 1, Part 3 By Govind Chandra Pande, Project of History of Indian Science, philosophy, and Culture, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) p.231,252
335:
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5967:
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3026:
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2634:) which are being reclaimed as places of Hindu worship. An important Hindu temple in eastern Java is Pura Mandaragiri Sumeru Agung, located on the slope of
6002:
5918:
1675:. It was hence referred to by the Sanskrit name "yāvaka dvīpa" (dvīpa = island). Southeast Asia was frequented by traders from eastern India, particularly
4878:
5394:
5323:
Ara Wilson (2008), The Sacred Geography of Bangkok's Markets, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 32.3, September 2008, page 635
1813:, who migrated from the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia in past centuries. One notably Southeast Asian aspect of Tamil Hinduism is the festival of
487:
1539:
influence, was adopted and assimilated into the indigenous social construct and statehood of Southeast Asian regional polity. Through the formation of
5827:
4570:
4479:
3274:
was held in major cities of Thailand until 1935, when it was abolished for safety reasons. The name of the ceremony was derived from the names of two
5026:
3422:(?) as "Satrias"), and claim to be the descendants of the Champa Empire. In any case a sizeable proportion of the Balamon Hindu Cham are considered
320:
3263:. The temple is the centre of Brahminism in Thailand. The royal court Brahmins operate the temple, they perform several royal ceremonies per year.
1710:
east coast of India. These Southeast Asian seafaring peoples engaged in extensive trade with India and China. Which attracted the attention of the
6474:
5783:
5196:
3993:
5368:
4200:
5108:
2991:, ultimately come from Hinduism as do many other religious terms and ideas, even as most Filipinos today are Christian. The vocabulary of all
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340:
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826:
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to ensure a good harvest. The importance of Hinduism cannot be denied, even though much of the rituals has been combined with Buddhism.
2611:
Today, the Indonesian government has recognised Hinduism as one of the country's six officially sanctioned religions, along with Islam,
951:
4506:
4457:
5337:
5087:
4899:
4699:
3453:
1218:
886:
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3048:(c. 900), the oldest extant document in the Philippines, shows Hindu influences from names to titles. Its inscribed date follows the
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4003:
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1471:
1313:
1253:
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in the 12th century. Medieval Indian scholars also referred to the Philippines as "Panyupayana" (The lands surrounded by water).
1535:
civilization, which itself formed from various distinct cultures and peoples, including also early Southeast Asian, specifically
5805:
5127:
3565:
3324:
According to the Thai Census of 2005, there are 52,631 Hindus living in Thailand, making up just 0.09% of the total population.
2840:
Hinduism in Burma is practised by about 840,000 people, though a reliable census data is unavailable Most Hindus in Myanmar are
5773:
5350:
3555:
3199:
3099:
2946:
2593:
1268:
1193:
2518:
2371:– royalty, nobles, warlords, soldiers, and warriors – formed a governing elite and authorities. Other social classes included
1836:
In Indonesia, it is not only people of Indian descent who practice Hinduism; Hinduism still survives as the major religion in
1805:
Today, vibrant and diverse Hindu communities spread across Southeast Asia remain especially in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,
6535:
5574:
4580:
4267:
3299:
3045:
2860:. Hinduism in Myanmar has also been influenced by Buddhism with many Hindu temples in Myanmar housing statues of the Buddha.
1081:
901:
4894:
Sandhu (2010), Indians in Malaya: Some Aspects of Their Immigration and Settlement (1786–1957), Cambridge University Press,
3414:
Chams) form a minority of the Cham population in Vietnam while most of the Chams are known to follow Islam and are known as
3067:
2755:. Indian Hindus and Buddhists began arriving in Malaysia during the ancient and medieval era. A large number of Hindus from
1900:: just like the Javanese, the majority of them are Muslims but a minority are Hindu. In other parts of Indonesia, the term
6284:
3966:
1904:
is often loosely used as an umbrella category to identify native spiritual beliefs and indigenous religions such as Hindu
1168:
627:
5038:
2879:(known as Thuyathadi in Burmese), the goddess of knowledge, who is often worshipped before examinations; Shiva is called
2434:
Today in Indonesia, Hinduism is practised by 1.7% of the total population. Hindus constitute 83.29% of the population of
6530:
6494:
5876:
5871:
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2793:
After Malaysia gained its independence from British colonial empire in 1957, it declared its official state religion as
2601:
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6394:
5861:
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5740:
5612:
4799:"Umat Hindu DIY Gelar Ritual Pensucian Candi Prambanan Pertama Setelah Ribuan Tahun » Badan Dharma Dana Nasional"
2999:
2900:
2638:, Java's highest mountain. Another Hindu temple, built on a site with minor archaeological remnants attributed to the
1707:
1676:
1308:
1181:
1011:
1006:
766:
226:
140:
3995:
Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia, Metropolitan museum, New York: exhibition catalogues
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3465:
5943:
5810:
5778:
5735:
4150:
3626:. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan: International Academy of Indian Culture.
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3510:
3091:
1616:
455:
355:
2871:. Burmese literature has also been enriched by Hinduism, including the Burmese adaptation of the Ramayana, called
2553:. Many of these dances are rituals reflecting mythical or spiritual stories from Hindu Epics and other literature.
2326:
were the most revered deities worshipped in Khmer Hindu temples. Temples such as Angkor Wat are actually known as
6599:
6489:
6166:
5922:
3515:
2918:
2487:, were among the early Hindu states established in the region. The notable ancient Indonesian Hindu kingdoms are
1759:
The Chola school of art also spread to Southeast Asia and influenced the architecture and art of Southeast Asia.
1729:
Examples of the Hindu cultural influence found today throughout the Southeast Asia owe much to the legacy of the
1502:
1498:
1413:
1376:
1348:
1323:
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971:
395:
5332:
Jonathan Lee, Fumitaka Matsuoka, Edmond Yee and Ronald Nakasone (2015), Asian American Religious Cultures, ABC,
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6409:
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821:
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731:
512:
502:
300:
4960:
Raymond Lee, Patterns of Religious Tension in Malaysia, Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Apr. 1988), pp. 400–418
1543:, small indigenous polities led by petty chieftain were transformed into major kingdoms and empires led by a
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330:
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5906:
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The elite, and the royal household, often employ Brahmins to mark funerals and state ceremonies such as the
2853:
2790:
Hindus into Malaysia by early 1900s. By 1950s, about 12.8% of Malaysian population professed to be a Hindu.
2760:
2698:
Hinduism makes up less than 0.1% of the population of Laos. Approximately 7,000 People of Laos are Hindus .
1624:
1328:
1258:
1248:
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699:
694:
572:
517:
400:
315:
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Gill & Gopal, Understanding Indian Religious Practice in Malaysia, J Soc Sci, 25(1-2-3): 135–146 (2010)
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Santarita, Joefe B. (2018). "Panyupayana: The Emergence of Hindu Polities in the Pre-Islamic Philippines".
3393:
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An example of resurgence around major archaeological remains of ancient Hindu temple sites was observed in
2543:
1934:
The resurgence of Hinduism in Indonesia is occurring in all parts of the country. In the early 1970s, the
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1143:
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1408:
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1959:
1923:
1443:
1383:
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791:
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120:
90:
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2367:, where the commoners – rice farmers and fishermen – formed the large majority of the population. The
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Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam) By Andrew Hardy, Mauro Cucarzi, Patrizia Zolese p.105
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110:
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temples throughout the island, and the beginnings of a vibrant Hindu culture. The first temple is
1698:. There was a marked Buddhist influence starting about 425 in the region. Around the 6th century,
6504:
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6404:
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4735:
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3520:
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3182:
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Aspects of Hinduism continue in Burma today, even in the majority Buddhist culture. For example,
2581:
2561:
2452:
2391:
1849:
1841:
1695:
1684:
1418:
1393:
1358:
1273:
1163:
1153:
1128:
1123:
1066:
1046:
1036:
1021:
1016:
996:
961:
936:
921:
854:
816:
801:
706:
679:
669:
617:
602:
597:
547:
542:
482:
430:
390:
285:
273:
201:
4981:
4969:
3600:
5511:
2953:, who sailed from Spain in 1521, the chiefs of many communities across the islands were called
2705:
is one of the last influences of that period. The Laotian adaptation of the Ramayana is called
1829:
practised Hindu rituals and traditions along with their Buddhist faith, and Hindu gods such as
6464:
6424:
6399:
6379:
6314:
6289:
6279:
6264:
6161:
6111:
6091:
5656:
5622:
5607:
5479:
5415:
5388:
5333:
5287:
5083:
4895:
4850:
4743:
4695:
4675:
4576:
4404:
4374:
4339:
4308:
4273:
4263:
4238:
4180:
4125:
4119:
4096:
4051:
3999:
3819:
3791:
3772:
3722:
3698:
3666:
3647:
3608:
3525:
3397:
2984:
2707:
2550:
2525:
2410:
2387:
1975:
1791:
1745:
1636:
1398:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1318:
1101:
1061:
986:
956:
841:
796:
771:
746:
689:
674:
647:
637:
612:
522:
472:
420:
405:
385:
375:
350:
290:
196:
186:
5281:
2642:, the last Hindu polity on Java, and Pura Loka Moksa Jayabaya (in the village of Menang near
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6304:
6299:
6208:
6146:
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5881:
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5822:
5148:
4727:
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1208:
751:
716:
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659:
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325:
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The introduction of Hinduism to Singapore dates back to the early 10th century, during the
6136:
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6106:
6084:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
6051:
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5000:
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1522:
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1506:
165:
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and symbolism demonstrates Hindu influences and heritage. For example, the popular epic,
4608:
4291:
Aklujkar, Ashok; Kalyanaraman, A. (1971). "Aryatarangini: The Saga of the Indo-Aryans".
3298:("opening the portals of Shiva's home") — were recited at this ceremony, as well as the
2341:
6156:
5911:
5641:
5099:
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the ISKCON temple was right beside the Hindu Temple.
3934:
The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography
3708:
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221:
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2852:. Ancient Hindu temples are present in other parts of Burma, such as the 11th century
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4359:
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3280:
3227:
3211:
2960:
2643:
2612:
1857:
1730:
1680:
1580:
211:
6008:
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
4769:"Kisah Kedatangan Rsi Markandeya Versi Bali Majapahit dan Bali Aga - Beritabali.com"
3738:
Sanskritic continuity in Southeast Asia: The ṣaḍātatāyī and aṣṭacora in Javanese law
2681:
6126:
6012:
4739:
4484:
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3160:
3094:, bringing with them their religion and culture. Their arrival saw the building of
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1909:
1877:
1826:
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1703:
1687:
1568:
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may have their origin in the Southeast-Asian myth of the birth of humanity from a
1737:
in Indonesia exhibit a number of similarities with the South Indian architecture.
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5264:
3758:
3716:
3460:
Hinduism is practised by the Balamon Cham people of Vietnam, particularly in the
3029:
groups in the country that are gaining in popularity, as well as the presence of
1946:
The growth of Hinduism has been driven also by the famous Javanese prophecies of
6573:
6151:
5926:
5569:
5564:
4939:
4234:
3499:
3389:
3346:
3333:
3286:
3267:
2942:
2930:
2872:
2811:
2756:
2656:). Another site is the new Pura Pucak Raung in East Java, which is mentioned in
2566:
2204:
1970:
1889:
1865:
1822:
1775:
1767:
1749:
17:
5051:
3970:
1809:(Indonesia) and the Philippines mainly due to the presence of Indians, such as
6101:
5688:
5630:
5082:
Thant Myint-U (2001), The Making of Modern Burma, Cambridge University Press,
4731:
3475:
3461:
3364:
were constructed in the central part of what is now Vietnam. The mainly Hindu
3256:
3234:, a symbol of the monarchy. Reliefs in temple walls, such as the 12th-century
2768:
2733:
2503:
2345:
2312:
2250:
1947:
1913:
1905:
1885:
1786:
1648:
1600:
1576:
65:
5998:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
4825:"Upacara Abhiseka di Candi Prambanan Yogyakarta by | The Jakarta Post Images"
4312:
6096:
5597:
5592:
4277:
4145:
3580:
3376:
civilisation was located in the more southern part of what is today Central
3307:
3159:, mostly in cities. In the past, the nation came under the influence of the
3049:
2876:
2864:
2815:
2807:
2729:
2676:
2672:
2626:
The Hindu communities in Java tend to be concentrated around built temples (
2507:
2495:
2476:
2424:
2368:
2066:
2043:
1963:
1927:
1881:
1814:
1734:
1691:
1632:
1588:
1572:
1536:
4572:
God and King : The Devaraja Cult in South Asian Art & Architecture
4343:
3400:
and today are recognised as one of the many ethnic minorities of Vietnam .
3013:
on United Nations Avenue. Both are in the traditionally Indian enclaves of
2917:
statue (900–950 CE) discovered in 1917 on the banks of the Wawa River near
1529:
minority in Cambodia and south central Vietnam who also practice Hinduism.
5887:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
3163:, which had strong Hindu roots. Despite the fact that today Thailand is a
2875:. Many Hindu gods are likewise worshipped by many Burmese people, such as
1821:
are also well-observed by Hindus in the region. In Thailand and Cambodia,
1671:'s army dispatched his men to Yawadvipa, the island of Java, in search of
6022:
5987:
5856:
5848:
5721:
5310:
Consider Our Vow: Translation of Tiruppāvai and Tiruvempāvai Into English
3423:
3381:
3365:
3357:
3350:
3178:
3173:
3156:
3149:
3018:
3010:
2971:
as part of the traditional worldview, and derived concepts exist such as
2926:
2849:
2737:
2702:
2668:
2647:
2572:
2492:
2480:
2427:
2376:
2349:
2158:
2112:
2020:
1951:
1939:
1897:
1660:
1544:
1532:
1492:
51:
3711:, History of the Hindu Colonization and Hindu Culture in South-East Asia
3342:
6017:
4320:
3411:
3377:
3311:
3245:
3145:
3006:
2988:
2980:
2440:
2372:
2181:
2089:
1955:
1954:. Many recent converts to Hinduism had been members of the families of
1723:
1711:
1664:
1656:
1592:
4370:
2771:
and tin mining; later they were deployed in large numbers, along with
2576:, became enduring traditions among Indonesian art forms, expressed in
2303:
Cambodia was first influenced by Hinduism during the beginning of the
1659:
around 200 BC. "Yawadvipa" is mentioned in India's earliest epic, the
261:
5997:
5752:
5705:
4146:"Hinduism – The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific"
3373:
3260:
3249:
3231:
3215:
3207:
3191:
3186:
3141:
3115:
3071:
3022:
2845:
2799:
2787:
2652:
2635:
2597:
2577:
2319:
2296:
2227:
1935:
1869:
1830:
1818:
1552:
4304:
3372:
in southern Vietnam, dates back to the 7th century and earlier. The
3009:) on Mahatma Gandhi Street, and the Khalsa Diwan Indian Sikh Temple
2352:, is one of the hundreds of ancient Hindu temples in Southeast Asia.
1778:, tells that she produced offspring with the aid of a bitter gourd.
6177:
6013:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
2844:. In modern Myanmar, most Hindus are found in the urban centres of
2334:
in Sanskrit) or the realm of Vishnu, to honour the posthumous King
5919:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
5758:
4451:"Swaveda – Articles – Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Moveme..."
4227:
Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia
3405:
3380:, and was a highly Indianized Hindu Kingdom, practising a form of
3361:
3341:
3223:
3219:
3135:
3079:
3066:
3039:
2964:
2908:
2868:
2857:
2831:
2794:
2724:
2464:
2418:
2380:
2359:
2340:
2323:
2286:
1978:(Vietnamese), today there are some effort to revive Cham culture.
1918:
1806:
1785:
1753:
1526:
4262:. Rothermund, Dietmar 1933– (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
3765:
History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization
3788:
The journey of the Goddess Durga: India, Java and Bali by Ariati
3607:. Translated by Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
3203:
2955:
2435:
2135:
1837:
1798:
1719:
1672:
1668:
1652:
1612:
1608:
6181:
5515:
4507:"Swaveda – Articles – Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Moveme"
4365:. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press.
3624:
Society and culture of Southeast Asia: Continuities and changes
6018:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
2510:, the last and largest among Hindu-Buddhist Javanese empires.
6003:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
4912:
4876:
2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia (Census 2010)
2798:
religions, by various state governments of Malaysia and its
1702:
Indianized kingdom was established on the northern coast of
260:
253:
36:
4713:"Religion and the Indonesian Constitution: A Recent Debate"
3310:
as the deity of wealth, fortune and prosperity (version of
3002:
today stand at 0.3% of the Philippine population at 34,634
2887:, and others. Many of these ideas are part of thirty-seven
2806:
Malaysian Hindus celebrate Deepavali (festival of lights),
2430:
temple complex, the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia.
4072:"The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific"
3940:. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 10. Archived from
3646:, I.S.P.Q.S. History and Archaeology Series Vol. 6, 1979,
2701:
Ancient Laos used to be a part of Hindu Khmer Empire. The
2463:
as early as first century. In 4th-century, the kingdom of
5993:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
4994:
Malaysian Indian Community: Victim of ‘Bumiputera’ Policy
4940:
2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Malaysia
4885:
Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal (2012)
3388:, a Hindu temple complex in central Vietnam built by the
2491:(famous for the construction of the majestic 9th-century
1694:
around 400s, produced among the earliest inscriptions in
3356:
The first recorded religion of the Champa was a form of
3202:
near Bangkok, is named after Ayodhya, the birthplace of
5988:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
5588:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
2751:
Most Malaysian Hindus are settled in western parts of
2386:
The empire's official religions included Hinduism and
4672:
A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (2nd ed.)
4121:
History Of Ancient India (portraits Of A Nation), 1/e
4089:
Lévi, Sylvain; Przyluski, Jean; Bloch, Jules (1993).
4044:
Lévi, Sylvain; Przyluski, Jean; Bloch, Jules (1993).
2363:. Society was arranged in a hierarchy reflecting the
4357:
Bowman, John (31 January 2000). Bowman, John (ed.).
6513:
6473:
6215:
6043:
5956:
5895:
5847:
5794:
5720:
5677:
5547:
5039:
Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers
3747:
Javanese visual performance and the Indian mystique
3688:
Kambuja Desa or an Ancient Hindu Colony in Cambodia
3005:Today, there is a Hindu temple (attended mostly by
1762:Some scholars have pointed out that the legends of
149:
139:
129:
119:
109:
99:
89:
84:
59:
4480:"South Asian religions, an introduction (article)"
4361:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture
4358:
5867:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
5542:India-related topics in Philippines articles
5052:"Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity"
4179:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. Uny of Hawaii Press.
2867:is worshipped whose origins are in the Hindu god
2560:The Hindu civilisations have left their marks on
1525:(also other minorities of Indonesia) and Balamon
1817:, while other Hindu religious festivals such as
5939:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
5882:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
5872:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
4201:"Hinduism in Southeast Asia | Encyclopedia.com"
4124:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 25 March 2010.
3705:Ancient Indian colonisation in South-East Asia.
3244:, show a dancing Shiva, with smaller images of
2650:is said to have achieved spiritual liberation (
6102:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
5862:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
3259:is a Hindu temple established in 1784 by King
2995:reflect different degrees of Hindu influence.
2383:to celebrate the king's divine rule on earth.
1888:. Similarly, Hinduism is also found among the
1647:Indian scholars wrote about the Dwipantara or
6193:
6092:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
5560:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
5527:
5411:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art
4935:
4933:
3718:Hindu-Buddhist Architecture in Southeast Asia
3551:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
3452:) or of mixed Indian-Vietnamese descent. The
1966:(Hinduism) is a matter of nationalist pride.
1472:
8:
5968:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
5877:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
5433:
5431:
2987:. The names of precolonial deities, such as
2675:, the capital of the legendary Hindu empire
29:
5732:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
5459:International Religious Freedom Report 2004
5027:Indian migrant workers in Malaysia – part 2
5014:Indian migrant workers in Malaysia – part 1
4415:; Sergent, Bernard: Genèse de l'Inde, 1997.
2664:took Hinduism to Bali in the 14th century.
1733:. For example, the great temple complex at
1551:akin to India. It gave birth to the former
6200:
6186:
6178:
6167:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
5960:
5899:
5798:
5681:
5534:
5520:
5512:
5228:, Thailand, Arts & Archaeology Journal
4726:(3). Cambridge University Press: 419–440.
4674:. Stanford University Press / Macmillans.
3226:, as well as numerous symbols relating to
1856:Hindu minorities are also can be found in
1479:
1465:
242:
5978:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
5828:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
5497:Hindu-Kaharingan Tiwah ceremony in Borneo
5408:Phuong, Tran Ky; Lockhart, Bruce (2011).
5283:Some Aspects of Asian History and Culture
5118:Singapore Department of Statistics (2011)
4694:Beryl De Zoete, Dance and Drama in Bali,
3931:Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013).
2630:) or around archaeological temple sites (
2423:The main three towers of the 9th century
6088:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
6072:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
4982:Religious Freedom Report 2012 – Malaysia
4970:Religious Freedom Report 2013 – Malaysia
2604:and flag carrier national airline named
1969:Next to Indonesian Balinese, today, the
5973:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
5784:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
5447:India's interaction with Southeast Asia
5171:"The concept of Garuda in Thai society"
4177:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
3811:
3760:India's Interaction with Southeast Asia
3681:Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East
3663:Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East
3605:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
2740:. The majority of Malaysian Hindus are
2295:at Angkor Wat converted from statue of
245:
5393:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5386:
5070:"Myanmar's Hindu community looks west"
3901:
3899:
1497:had a profound impact on the region's
28:
6097:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
5934:Business process outsourcing to India
5816:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
5706:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
4569:Sengupta, Arputha Rani (Ed.) (2005).
3392:is still standing albeit in ruins in
3290:. It is known that Tamil verses from
2967:is readily understood across various
2891:or deities found in Burmese culture.
2836:A Hindu procession in Yangon, Myanmar
2775:, on rubber plantations. The British
2763:during the 19th and 20th century, as
7:
6025:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
5914:from Haryana imported to Philippine
5730:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
5701:Indian settlement in the Philippines
5263:M. E. Manickavasagom Pillai (1986).
4092:Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India
4047:Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India
3633:Study of Sanskrit in South-East Asia
3384:Hinduism brought by sea from India.
3114:at home, another 42% speak English.
2905:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
2646:), where the Hindu king and prophet
1774:. The legend of Sumati, the wife of
1706:. The kingdom name was derived from
85:Regions with significant populations
5266:Dravidian Influence in Thai Culture
5041:Pew Research Center (December 2012)
4849:Kurnia, Fadjrin (5 November 2019).
4533:"United States Department of State"
4460:from the original on 20 August 2004
4400:Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate
3769:Centre for Studies in Civilizations
3507:Indian religions in Southeast Asia
2447:beliefs that venerated natural and
1962:. This return to the 'religion of
1714:, Chinese and Japanese, as well as
6162:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
5857:Indianized ancient Filipino script
4720:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
4609:"Map reveals ancient urban sprawl"
2959:, and the script was derived from
1555:civilisation in southern parts of
25:
5507:Heritage bid unites border rivals
5502:Hindu influence in Southeast Asia
4805:(in Indonesian). 13 November 2019
1740:According to the Malay chronicle
6568:
6559:
6558:
6067:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
3492:
3478:
3118:is a major Hindu festival and a
2767:to work on coffee and sugarcane
2602:national emblem Garuda Pancasila
2542:
2517:
2243:
2220:
2197:
2174:
2151:
2128:
2105:
2082:
2059:
2036:
2013:
1264:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
336:Democratic Republic of the Congo
75:
74:
44:
35:
5774:Deities of Philippine mythology
5565:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
5478:(in Vietnamese). Archived from
5313:. Muttu Patippakam. p. 13.
5269:. Tamil University. p. 69.
5130:Ministry of Manpower, Singapore
4775:(in Indonesian). Archived from
4670:Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993).
4336:Thai art with Indian influences
4175:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
3969:. 25 April 2017. Archived from
3790:. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
3603:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
3556:Indianization of Southeast Asia
3090:, arrived as labourers for the
1992:Percentage of Hindus by country
227:other Southeast Asian languages
6526:British Indian Ocean Territory
6107:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
6062:Indian surnames in Philippines
6057:List of Filipino-Indian people
5575:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
5029:Australian National University
5016:Australian National University
4643:"A Royal Cambodian Coronation"
4629:
4095:. Asian Educational Services.
4050:. Asian Educational Services.
3998:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3907:"National / Regional Profiles"
3695:Hindu Colonies in the Far East
3448:; most of whom are of Indian (
3046:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
2357:and massive reservoirs called
1:
4711:Hosen, N (8 September 2005).
4575:. National Museum Institute.
4426:"A Tribute to Hinduism: Home"
4020:"The Religions of South Asia"
3967:"Hindu Wisdom – Suvarnabhumi"
3155:A number of Hindus remain in
2459:Hindu influences reached the
180:Predominant spoken languages:
4984:U.S. State Department (2013)
4972:U.S. State Department (2014)
4942:U.S. State Department (2012)
4334:Promsak Jermsawatdi (1979).
3745:Hughes-Freeland, F. (1991).
2759:were brought to Malaysia by
2594:loanwords of Sanskrit origin
6157:José W. Diokno (politician)
5984:behind the president's seat
5806:India–Philippines relations
5764:Hinduism in the Philippines
5741:Buddhism in the Philippines
5613:Maynila (historical entity)
5461:, U.S. Department of State.
5414:. NUS Press. pp. 4–6.
5286:. Abhinav. pp. 27–28.
4235:10.1007/978-981-10-7317-5_6
3566:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
3532:Spread of Indian influence
3437:and the priests are called
3037:communities, among others.
2998:The number of followers of
2901:Hinduism in the Philippines
1690:kingdom was established in
1274:Caribbean Madrasi Community
6621:
6605:Religion in Southeast Asia
6595:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
6147:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
6137:Melanie Marquez (director)
5811:Tourism in the Philippines
5779:Philippine folk literature
5748:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
5736:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
4803:Badan Dharma Dana Nasional
4546:Adam Bray (18 June 2014).
4430:www.atributetohinduism.com
3749:. Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
3740:. Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
3546:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
3511:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
3331:
3129:
3092:British East India Company
3074:in Little India, Singapore
3060:
2898:
2825:
2718:
2451:. By 15th to 16th-century
2408:
2402:
2307:. Hinduism was one of the
2280:
1833:are still widely revered.
6554:
6117:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
6112:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
6023:Pangalay or Daling Daling
5963:
5923:Philippine Carabao Center
5902:
5801:
5684:
5109:Census of population 2010
4999:13 September 2014 at the
4881:14 September 2014 at the
4732:10.1017/S0022463405000238
4134:– via Google Books.
3878:globalreligiousfuture.org
3767:, vol. 1, part 3. Delhi:
3644:India and South-East Asia
3516:Jainism in Southeast Asia
3429:Hindu temples are called
2810:(Lord Murugan festival),
2596:. The vehicle of Vishnu,
2259:
2241:
2236:
2218:
2213:
2195:
2190:
2172:
2167:
2149:
2144:
2126:
2121:
2103:
2098:
2080:
2075:
2057:
2052:
2034:
2029:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1509:were introduced from the
154:
80:(1.40% of the population)
64:
43:
34:
6275:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5982:ancient Hindu saint Manu
5662:Tondo (Historical State)
5647:Sultanate of Maguindanao
5114:13 November 2013 at the
4829:thejakartapostimages.com
4773:aboutbali.beritabali.com
4338:. Abhinav Publications.
3786:Pasek, Ni Wayan (2016).
3715:Daigorō Chihara (1996).
3622:Chandra, Lokesh (2000).
3586:Ancient maritime history
3319:Royal Ploughing Ceremony
3165:Buddhist majority nation
3082:period. Immigrants from
2786:system brought numerous
2660:as the place from where
2588:are Sanskrit-based, and
1958:'s PNI, and now support
321:Central African Republic
30:Hindus of Southeast Asia
6536:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6132:Gardo Versoza (actress)
6122:Chanda Romero (actress)
5907:Maritime Southeast Asia
5669:Battle of Manila (1762)
5555:Maritime Southeast Asia
5280:Upendra Thakur (1986).
5003:ORF Issue Report (2008)
4258:Kulke, Hermann (2004).
4151:Encyclopædia Britannica
3820:"religion in Indonesia"
3736:Hoadley, M. C. (1991).
3665:, Vol.I, Lahore, 1927.
3571:Indian maritime history
3122:observed in Singapore.
3021:, two districts of the
2856:dedicated to Vishnu in
2854:Nathlaung Kyaung Temple
2814:(harvest festival) and
2761:British colonial empire
2549:A dance performance by
2311:'s official religions.
1930:festival in Singapore.
1635:groups) and Himalayan (
6127:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
5307:Norman Cutler (1979).
4657:"Sensus Penduduk 2010"
3874:"religion in Thailand"
3838:"religion in Malaysia"
3368:archeological site in
3353:
3252:, Brahma and Ganesha.
3152:
3075:
3053:
2937:Before the arrival of
2934:
2837:
2745:
2600:, was adopted as both
2461:Indonesian Archipelago
2431:
2353:
2300:
1931:
1802:
1679:, as well as from the
887:Bosnia and Herzegovina
265:
258:
6152:Zia Marquez (actress)
5243:www.thaiworldview.com
5239:"Hinduism – page 1/4"
5197:"Thailand's Hinduism"
3856:"religion in Myanmar"
3755:Pande, Govind Chandra
3464:province (10.4%) and
3345:
3195:(vehicle) of Vishnu.
3139:
3070:
3063:Hinduism in Singapore
3043:
2912:
2835:
2728:
2640:Kingdom of Blambangan
2531:family after puja in
2506:and the 14th-century
2422:
2405:Hinduism in Indonesia
2344:
2290:
1960:Megawati Sukarnoputri
1922:
1864:mountain ranges near
1789:
1557:South Central Vietnam
1254:Saint Kitts and Nevis
488:São Tomé and Príncipe
341:Republic of the Congo
264:
257:
6450:United Arab Emirates
5769:Philippine mythology
5603:Kedatuan of Madja-as
5151:on 17 September 2020
4851:"Abhiseka Prambanan"
4779:on 26 September 2021
4535:. 14 September 2007.
4403:. Aditya Prakashan.
4205:www.encyclopedia.com
3884:on 26 September 2020
3272:Triyampavai-Tripavai
3132:Hinduism in Thailand
3100:Sri Mariamman Temple
2993:Philippine languages
2765:indentured labourers
2721:Hinduism in Malaysia
2662:Maharishi Markandeya
2498:temple) followed by
2283:Hinduism in Cambodia
1744:, the rulers of the
1683:of South India. The
1499:cultural development
827:United Arab Emirates
6477:limited recognition
5652:Sultanate of Buayan
5586:in Philippines and
5472:"Doc_Download.aspx"
5351:"Thailand Hinduism"
4552:National Geographic
4229:. pp. 93–105.
3862:. 18 December 2012.
3842:2009-2017.state.gov
3824:2009-2017.state.gov
3683:, Vol.II, Calcutta,
3439:Halau Tamunay Ahier
3338:Hinduism in Vietnam
3300:coronation ceremony
3167:, many elements of
2883:; Vishnu is called
2828:Hinduism in Myanmar
2753:Peninsular Malaysia
2658:Balinese literature
1874:Karanganyar Regency
1541:Indianized kingdoms
1511:Indian subcontinent
1269:Trinidad and Tobago
1194:Antigua and Barbuda
247:Hinduism by country
31:
5980:has the statue of
5833:Filipinos in India
5618:Kingdom of Namayan
5584:Indianized kingdom
5145:Royal Thai Embassy
4913:"Siddha Community"
4260:A history of India
3992:Guy, John (2014).
3947:on 20 October 2013
3697:, Calcutta, 1944,
3576:Indian Ocean trade
3521:Indianised kingdom
3394:Quảng Nam Province
3370:Mekong River Delta
3354:
3296:poet pratu sivalai
3270:ceremony known as
3237:Prasat Sikhoraphum
3183:Emblem of Thailand
3177:, is based on the
3153:
3076:
3054:
2977:Pampangan language
2969:Philippine peoples
2951:Ferdinand Magellan
2935:
2838:
2818:(Durga festival).
2746:
2592:contains loads of
2582:dance performances
2580:shadow puppet and
2562:Indonesian culture
2432:
2392:Theravada Buddhism
2365:Hindu caste system
2354:
2301:
1932:
1850:Agama Hindu Dharma
1842:native Indonesians
1803:
1718:, who reached the
1696:Indonesian history
1219:Dominican Republic
266:
259:
54:in Southeast Asia.
6582:
6581:
6519:other territories
6209:Hinduism in Asia
6175:
6174:
6039:
6038:
5952:
5951:
5843:
5842:
5716:
5715:
5657:Sultanate of Sulu
5623:Rajahnate of Cebu
5608:Kingdom of Butuan
5482:on 30 April 2020.
5421:978-9971-69-459-3
5293:978-81-7017-207-9
4917:www.siddha.com.my
4749:on 28 August 2006
4513:on 20 August 2004
4371:10.7312/bowm11004
4244:978-981-10-7316-8
4186:978-0-8248-0368-1
4102:978-81-206-0772-9
4057:978-81-206-0772-9
3614:978-0-8248-0368-1
3526:Balinese Hinduism
3230:are found, e.g.,
3214:, and statues of
2985:Visayan languages
2963:. The concept of
2773:Chinese Buddhists
2708:Phra Lak Phra Lam
2617:Roman Catholicism
2449:ancestral spirits
2411:Balinese Hinduism
2388:Mahayana Buddhism
2264:
2263:
1860:, such as around
1746:Malacca Sultanate
1651:Hindu kingdom in
1615:and parts of the
1521:. There are also
1495:in Southeast Asia
1489:
1488:
356:Equatorial Guinea
241:
240:
16:(Redirected from
6612:
6600:Hinduism in Asia
6572:
6562:
6561:
6531:Christmas Island
6217:Sovereign states
6202:
6195:
6188:
6179:
5961:
5944:Indian Companies
5900:
5823:Tourism in India
5799:
5682:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5513:
5484:
5483:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5435:
5426:
5425:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5392:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5371:. Archived from
5365:
5359:
5358:
5347:
5341:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5207:on 28 April 2017
5203:. Archived from
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5177:on 24 March 2019
5173:. Archived from
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5147:. Archived from
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5023:
5017:
5010:
5004:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4909:
4903:
4892:
4886:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4742:. Archived from
4717:
4708:
4702:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4611:. 14 August 2007
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4585:. Archived from
4566:
4560:
4559:
4558:on 20 June 2014.
4554:. Archived from
4543:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4509:. Archived from
4503:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4364:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3973:on 25 April 2017
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3880:. Archived from
3870:
3864:
3863:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3801:
3782:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3693:R. C. Majumdar,
3686:R. C. Majumdar,
3675:R. C. Majumdar,
3657:R. C. Majumdar,
3636:
3631:Majumdar, R. C.
3627:
3618:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3454:Mariamman Temple
3446:Ho Chi Minh City
2606:Garuda Indonesia
2590:Bahasa Indonesia
2586:Indonesian names
2546:
2521:
2415:Hinduism in Java
2305:Kingdom of Funan
2249:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2019:
2017:
2016:
1988:
1987:
1894:Southern Vietnam
1627:, such as early
1605:Majapahit Empire
1565:Southern Vietnam
1515:Overseas Indians
1481:
1474:
1467:
1339:Papua New Guinea
1309:Marshall Islands
1092:Northern Ireland
243:
172:(to some extent)
159:Sacred language:
78:
77:
73:
60:Total population
48:
39:
32:
21:
18:Hinduism in Laos
6620:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6550:
6518:
6509:
6490:Northern Cyprus
6476:
6469:
6211:
6206:
6176:
6171:
6052:Indian Filipino
6035:
5948:
5891:
5839:
5790:
5712:
5673:
5543:
5540:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5445:
5441:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5385:
5378:
5376:
5375:on 28 July 2013
5369:"Archived copy"
5367:
5366:
5362:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5128:Public Holidays
5126:
5122:
5116:Wayback Machine
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5081:
5077:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5058:. 6 March 2014.
5050:
5049:
5045:
5037:
5033:
5024:
5020:
5011:
5007:
5001:Wayback Machine
4992:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4931:
4921:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4893:
4889:
4883:Wayback Machine
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4857:(in Indonesian)
4848:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4583:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4411:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4305:10.2307/2755739
4293:Pacific Affairs
4290:
4289:
4285:
4270:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4006:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3860:pewresearch.org
3854:
3853:
3849:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3798:
3785:
3779:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3729:
3714:
3630:
3621:
3615:
3599:
3596:
3594:Further reading
3562:Trading routes
3541:Indian diaspora
3498:
3491:
3486:Hinduism portal
3484:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3358:Shaiva Hinduism
3340:
3330:
3198:The Thai city,
3134:
3128:
3102:in Singapore's
3065:
3059:
2907:
2897:
2842:Burmese Indians
2830:
2824:
2723:
2717:
2696:
2619:, Buddhism and
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:Balinese Hindus
2547:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2522:
2489:Mataram Kingdom
2469:East Kalimantan
2417:
2407:
2401:
2332:Vara Vishnuloka
2318:The Mahadeva's
2285:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2244:
2242:
2234:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2175:
2173:
2165:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2014:
2012:
1984:
1846:Balinese people
1795:Balinese temple
1784:
1716:Islamic traders
1667:, the chief of
1645:
1597:Mataram Kingdom
1585:Malay Peninsula
1485:
1449:
1448:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1349:Solomon Islands
1289:
1279:
1278:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1012:North Macedonia
857:
847:
846:
568:
558:
557:
276:
237:
182:
178:
175:
161:
79:
68:
55:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6618:
6616:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6587:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6566:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6520:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6479:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6182:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5975:
5964:
5958:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5912:Murrah buffalo
5909:
5903:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5733:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5685:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5642:Rajah Sulayman
5639:
5634:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5492:
5491:External links
5489:
5486:
5485:
5463:
5451:
5439:
5427:
5420:
5400:
5360:
5357:. 1 July 2003.
5355:Hinduism Today
5342:
5338:978-1598843309
5325:
5316:
5299:
5292:
5272:
5255:
5230:
5218:
5188:
5162:
5132:
5120:
5101:
5092:
5088:978-0521799140
5075:
5072:. 18 May 2016.
5061:
5043:
5031:
5025:Amarjit Kaur,
5018:
5012:Amarjit Kaur,
5005:
4986:
4974:
4962:
4953:
4944:
4929:
4904:
4900:978-0521148139
4887:
4868:
4841:
4816:
4790:
4760:
4703:
4700:978-9625938806
4687:
4680:
4662:
4648:
4634:
4622:
4600:
4589:on 13 May 2006
4581:
4561:
4538:
4524:
4498:
4471:
4442:
4417:
4409:
4395:Elst, Koenraad
4386:
4379:
4349:
4326:
4283:
4268:
4250:
4243:
4217:
4192:
4185:
4173:Coedès, George
4164:
4137:
4130:
4111:
4101:
4081:
4063:
4056:
4036:
4011:
4004:
3984:
3958:
3923:
3895:
3865:
3847:
3829:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3796:
3783:
3777:
3757:, ed. (2006).
3751:
3742:
3733:
3727:
3712:
3709:R. C. Majumdar
3706:
3691:
3690:, Madras, 1944
3684:
3673:
3655:
3640:R. C. Majumdar
3637:
3628:
3619:
3613:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3489:
3473:
3470:
3329:
3326:
3278:Hindu chants:
3276:Tamil language
3242:Surin Province
3210:at the famous
3130:Main article:
3127:
3124:
3120:public holiday
3084:Southern India
3061:Main article:
3058:
3055:
3035:Brahma Kumaris
3023:City of Manila
2923:Agusan del Sur
2896:
2893:
2826:Main article:
2823:
2820:
2719:Main article:
2716:
2713:
2695:
2692:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2479:, and Holing (
2403:Main article:
2400:
2397:
2336:Suryavarman II
2328:Preah Pisnulok
2281:Main article:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1924:Hindu devotees
1783:
1780:
1752:, the Raja of
1742:Sejarah Melayu
1644:
1641:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1082:United Kingdom
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
787:Southeast Asia
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
703:
702:
697:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
656:
655:
650:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
569:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
459:
458:
456:Western Sahara
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
277:
272:
271:
268:
267:
250:
249:
239:
238:
236:
235:
232:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
183:
177:
176:
174:
173:
162:
155:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
93:
87:
86:
82:
81:
62:
61:
57:
56:
49:
41:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6617:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:South Ossetia
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6203:
6198:
6196:
6191:
6189:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6077:Indian people
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6032:
6029:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5694:Greater India
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:Rajah Matanda
5635:
5632:
5628:
5627:Rajah Humabon
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5525:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5404:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5303:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5276:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5259:
5256:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4842:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4681:9780804721950
4677:
4673:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4623:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4565:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4412:
4410:81-86471-77-4
4406:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4380:9780231500043
4376:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4362:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4218:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4131:9788120749108
4127:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4037:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4005:9781588395245
4001:
3997:
3996:
3988:
3985:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3943:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3924:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3805:
3799:
3797:9788177421521
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3778:9788187586241
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3728:90-04-10512-3
3724:
3720:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:99910-0-001-1
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:0-8364-2802-1
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:81-7018-046-5
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3601:Cœdès, George
3598:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Greater India
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:Cham language
3432:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:) are found.
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:Thiruvempavai
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:Thiruvempavai
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3228:Hindu deities
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:Erawan Shrine
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:Protestantism
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2552:
2545:
2534:
2533:Bratan temple
2530:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2254:
2252:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2102:
2093:
2091:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:professed by
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:, adheres to
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:Chola dynasty
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:Austroasiatic
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
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972:Liechtenstein
970:
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396:Guinea-Bissau
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83:
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67:
63:
58:
53:
50:Expansion of
47:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
6515:Dependencies
6445:Turkmenistan
6410:Saudi Arabia
5747:
5480:the original
5475:
5466:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5410:
5403:
5377:. Retrieved
5373:the original
5363:
5354:
5345:
5328:
5319:
5309:
5302:
5282:
5275:
5265:
5258:
5246:. Retrieved
5242:
5233:
5221:
5209:. Retrieved
5205:the original
5200:
5191:
5179:. Retrieved
5175:the original
5165:
5153:. Retrieved
5149:the original
5144:
5135:
5123:
5104:
5095:
5078:
5064:
5055:
5046:
5034:
5021:
5008:
4989:
4977:
4965:
4956:
4947:
4920:. Retrieved
4916:
4907:
4902:, pp. 89–102
4890:
4871:
4859:. Retrieved
4854:
4844:
4832:. Retrieved
4828:
4819:
4807:. Retrieved
4802:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4777:the original
4772:
4763:
4751:. Retrieved
4744:the original
4723:
4719:
4706:
4690:
4671:
4665:
4651:
4637:
4625:
4613:. Retrieved
4603:
4593:14 September
4591:. Retrieved
4587:the original
4571:
4564:
4556:the original
4551:
4541:
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4511:the original
4501:
4489:. Retrieved
4485:Khan Academy
4483:
4474:
4462:. Retrieved
4453:
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4399:
4389:
4360:
4352:
4335:
4329:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4259:
4253:
4226:
4220:
4208:. Retrieved
4204:
4195:
4176:
4167:
4155:. Retrieved
4149:
4140:
4120:
4114:
4106:
4091:
4084:
4075:
4066:
4046:
4039:
4027:. Retrieved
4024:Asia Society
4023:
4014:
3994:
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3971:the original
3961:
3949:. Retrieved
3942:the original
3933:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3910:
3886:. Retrieved
3882:the original
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3787:
3759:
3746:
3737:
3717:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3677:Suvarnadvipa
3676:
3662:
3658:
3643:
3632:
3623:
3604:
3459:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3428:
3415:
3404:
3402:
3355:
3347:Balamon Cham
3323:
3316:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3254:
3235:
3197:
3190:
3172:
3169:Thai culture
3161:Khmer Empire
3154:
3108:
3077:
3031:Ananda Marga
3027:Hare Krishna
3004:
2997:
2972:
2954:
2947:Christianity
2945:in 1450 and
2936:
2915:Agusan image
2884:
2880:
2862:
2839:
2805:
2792:
2783:
2777:
2750:
2747:
2732:festival at
2706:
2700:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2666:
2651:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:Confucianism
2610:
2571:
2565:
2564:. The epics
2559:
2485:Central Java
2473:Tarumanagara
2458:
2433:
2385:
2358:
2355:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2309:Khmer Empire
2302:
2267:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1971:Balamon Cham
1968:
1945:
1933:
1902:Hindu Dharma
1901:
1892:minority in
1878:Central Java
1835:
1827:Khmer people
1811:Tamil people
1804:
1801:, Indonesia.
1797:offering in
1772:bitter gourd
1761:
1758:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1704:Central Java
1688:Tarumanagara
1646:
1621:
1579:Kingdom and
1569:Khmer Empire
1531:
1491:
1490:
822:Turkmenistan
786:
777:Saudi Arabia
513:South Africa
503:Sierra Leone
301:Burkina Faso
179:
158:
70:
26:
6574:Asia portal
6475:States with
6395:Philippines
6335:South Korea
6330:North Korea
6225:Afghanistan
6142:Pepe Diokno
5927:Nueva Ecija
5570:Golden Tara
5379:19 February
5226:Sikhoraphum
5090:, pp. 27–47
4855:bumn.go.id/
4630:Keyes, 1995
3951:24 November
3911:thearda.com
3500:Asia portal
3390:Cham people
3349:dancers in
3334:Cham people
3287:Thiruppavai
3268:Giant Swing
3140:A murti of
2931:Philippines
2895:Philippines
2873:Yama Zatdaw
2769:plantations
2757:South India
2567:Mahabharata
2205:Philippines
1880:, and near
1872:volcanoes,
1750:Raja Chulan
1643:Ancient era
1591:kingdom on
1329:New Zealand
1259:Saint Lucia
1249:Puerto Rico
1139:El Salvador
1072:Switzerland
1007:Netherlands
767:Philippines
700:South Korea
695:North Korea
573:Afghanistan
518:South Sudan
401:Ivory Coast
141:Philippines
6589:Categories
6455:Uzbekistan
6430:Tajikistan
6345:Kyrgyzstan
6325:Kazakhstan
6245:Bangladesh
6235:Azerbaijan
5689:Indosphere
5631:Singhapala
5476:gso.gov.vn
5340:, page 892
5201:India Thai
5141:"Ramakien"
4861:4 December
4834:4 December
4753:26 October
4632:, pp.78–82
4582:8189233262
4299:(3): 451.
4269:0203391268
4076:Britannica
3806:References
3466:Binh Thuan
3462:Ninh Thuan
3398:Vietnamese
3332:See also:
3266:An annual
3257:Devasathan
2899:See also:
2736:Temple in
2734:Batu Caves
2636:Mt. Semeru
2504:Singhasari
2409:See also:
2369:kshatriyas
2346:Angkor Wat
2313:Angkor Wat
2291:Statue of
2251:East Timor
2006:Percentage
1948:Sabdapalon
1938:people of
1914:Kalimantan
1906:Kaharingan
1886:Yogyakarta
1782:Modern era
1776:King Sagar
1685:Indianised
1649:Jawa Dwipa
1617:Philippine
1601:Singhasari
1589:Sriwijayan
1577:Langkasuka
1549:statecraft
1314:Micronesia
1244:Martinique
1229:Guadeloupe
1134:Costa Rica
1042:San Marino
1002:Montenegro
982:Luxembourg
832:Uzbekistan
807:Tajikistan
712:Kyrgyzstan
685:Kazakhstan
623:East Timor
593:Bangladesh
583:Azerbaijan
498:Seychelles
463:Mozambique
441:Mauritania
426:Madagascar
316:Cape Verde
234:and others
217:Indonesian
202:Tenggerese
6541:Hong Kong
6495:Palestine
6420:Sri Lanka
6415:Singapore
6295:Indonesia
5678:Geography
5598:Majapahit
5593:Srivijaya
4313:0030-851X
3721:. BRILL.
3581:Silk Road
3416:Cham Bani
3308:Nang Kwak
3304:Thai king
3200:Ayutthaya
3116:Deepavali
3104:Chinatown
3096:Dravidian
3086:, mostly
3057:Singapore
2919:Esperanza
2881:Paramizwa
2877:Saraswati
2865:Thagyamin
2816:Navaratri
2808:Thaipusam
2730:Thaipusam
2677:Majapahit
2673:Mojokerto
2508:Majapahit
2496:Prambanan
2477:West Java
2425:Prambanan
2399:Indonesia
2067:Indonesia
2044:Singapore
1982:Countries
1964:Majapahit
1928:Thaipusam
1882:Prambanan
1815:Thaipusam
1735:Prambanan
1692:West Java
1633:Mon Khmer
1607:based in
1581:Old Kedah
1573:Indochina
1537:Mon Khmer
1505:. As the
1455:Full list
1444:Venezuela
1384:Argentina
1294:Australia
1182:Caribbean
1159:Nicaragua
1144:Guatemala
977:Lithuania
932:Gibraltar
792:Sri Lanka
782:Singapore
762:Palestine
643:Indonesia
633:Hong Kong
446:Mauritius
150:Languages
121:Singapore
105:1,949,850
95:4,646,357
91:Indonesia
71:7,933,717
6564:Category
6485:Abkhazia
6435:Thailand
6390:Pakistan
6370:Mongolia
6365:Maldives
6360:Malaysia
6260:Cambodia
5849:Language
5795:Politics
5722:Religion
5389:cite web
5248:9 August
5211:9 August
5112:Archived
5056:BBC News
4997:Archived
4922:9 August
4879:Archived
4809:19 April
4783:19 April
4615:9 August
4491:9 August
4464:9 August
4458:Archived
4435:9 August
4397:(1999).
4278:57054139
4210:9 August
4157:9 August
4029:9 August
3977:9 August
3472:See also
3468:(4.8%).
3424:Brahmins
3382:Shaivite
3351:Po Nagar
3185:depicts
3179:Ramayana
3174:Ramakien
3157:Thailand
3150:Thailand
3126:Thailand
3050:Saka Era
3019:Pandacan
3011:gurdwāra
3000:Hinduism
2927:Mindanao
2850:Mandalay
2738:Malaysia
2715:Malaysia
2703:Wat Phou
2687:Abhiṣeka
2682:Abhiṣeka
2669:Trowulan
2648:Jayabaya
2573:Ramayana
2529:Balinese
2493:Trimurti
2481:Kalingga
2445:dynamism
2428:Trimurti
2377:Devaraja
2373:brahmins
2350:Cambodia
2277:Cambodia
2159:Thailand
2113:Cambodia
2021:Malaysia
1952:Jayabaya
1940:Sulawesi
1898:Cambodia
1854:Javanese
1840:, where
1764:Ikshvaku
1722:area of
1700:Kalingga
1681:kingdoms
1661:Ramayana
1603:and the
1545:Maharaja
1523:Javanese
1519:Balinese
1501:and its
1493:Hinduism
1434:Suriname
1424:Paraguay
1404:Colombia
1304:Kiribati
1214:Dominica
1204:Barbados
1189:Anguilla
1149:Honduras
1097:Scotland
1057:Slovenia
1052:Slovakia
1027:Portugal
892:Bulgaria
812:Thailand
757:Pakistan
737:Mongolia
732:Maldives
727:Malaysia
608:Cambodia
553:Zimbabwe
528:Tanzania
371:Ethiopia
366:Eswatini
346:Djibouti
311:Cameroon
296:Botswana
197:Javanese
187:Balinese
166:Sanskrit
131:Thailand
101:Malaysia
52:Hinduism
6460:Vietnam
6375:Myanmar
6355:Lebanon
6285:Georgia
6240:Bahrain
6230:Armenia
6048:People
6031:Cuisine
5957:Culture
5896:Economy
5755:(Asura)
5548:History
5181:31 July
5155:31 July
4740:1636786
4517:24 July
4454:Swaveda
4344:6237916
4321:2755739
3433:in the
3412:Brahmin
3410:(Hindu
3408:Balamon
3378:Vietnam
3328:Vietnam
3312:Lakshmi
3302:of the
3246:Parvati
3146:Bangkok
3007:Sindhīs
2989:Bathala
2929:in the
2885:Withano
2822:Myanmar
2784:kangani
2778:kangani
2584:. Many
2441:animism
2256:
2233:
2210:
2187:
2182:Vietnam
2164:
2141:
2118:
2095:
2090:Myanmar
2072:
2049:
2026:
1999:Country
1956:Sukarno
1926:during
1862:Tengger
1724:Sumatra
1712:Mongols
1708:Kalinga
1677:Kalinga
1665:Sugriva
1657:Sumatra
1637:Tibetic
1593:Sumatra
1583:in the
1503:history
1439:Uruguay
1409:Ecuador
1389:Bolivia
1364:Vanuatu
1287:Oceania
1239:Jamaica
1224:Grenada
1199:Bahamas
1087:England
1077:Ukraine
1032:Romania
992:Moldova
952:Ireland
947:Iceland
942:Hungary
927:Germany
917:Finland
912:Estonia
907:Denmark
902:Czechia
897:Croatia
882:Belgium
877:Belarus
872:Austria
867:Andorra
862:Albania
837:Vietnam
742:Myanmar
722:Lebanon
628:Georgia
588:Bahrain
578:Armenia
538:Tunisia
508:Somalia
493:Senegal
478:Nigeria
468:Namibia
451:Morocco
416:Liberia
411:Lesotho
361:Eritrea
331:Comoros
306:Burundi
281:Algeria
231:English
125:372,963
115:820,000
111:Myanmar
69:
6505:Taiwan
6440:Turkey
6405:Russia
6340:Kuwait
6320:Jordan
6310:Israel
6270:Cyprus
6255:Brunei
6250:Bhutan
6044:People
5759:Diwata
5753:Aswang
5418:
5336:
5290:
5086:
4898:
4738:
4698:
4678:
4579:
4407:
4377:
4342:
4319:
4311:
4276:
4266:
4241:
4183:
4128:
4099:
4054:
4002:
3888:5 July
3794:
3775:
3725:
3701:
3669:
3659:Champa
3650:
3611:
3431:Bimong
3386:Mỹ Sơn
3374:Champa
3261:Rama I
3250:Vishnu
3232:Garuda
3222:, and
3216:Ganesh
3208:Brahma
3192:vahana
3189:, the
3187:Garuda
3181:. The
3142:Brahma
3088:Tamils
3072:Diwali
2979:, and
2961:Brahmi
2846:Yangon
2812:Pongal
2800:Sharia
2780:system
2742:Tamils
2644:Kediri
2598:Garuda
2578:wayang
2500:Kediri
2390:until
2360:barays
2320:Vishnu
2293:Buddha
2272:Brunei
2248:
2228:Brunei
2225:
2202:
2179:
2156:
2133:
2110:
2087:
2064:
2041:
2018:
1936:Toraja
1870:Semeru
1844:, the
1831:Brahma
1819:Diwali
1768:Sumati
1595:, the
1587:, the
1567:, the
1553:Champa
1419:Guyana
1394:Brazil
1359:Tuvalu
1164:Panama
1154:Mexico
1129:Canada
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