410:
the government be informed of all foreign financial support, bans worship in private homes and private religious education, and prohibits the wearing of religious garb in public except by clerics. All religious activity is overseen by the State
Commission on Religious Organizations and Expert Evaluation of Religious Information Resources (SCROEERIR), which approves the appointment of religious leaders, the building of houses of worship, the import and publication of religious literature, and the registration of all religious organizations. The law does not specify the criteria for gaining SCROEERIR approval, which enables arbitrary enforcement. The registration process requires religious organizations to provide the government with detailed information about founding members, including names, addresses, and birth dates. Registered communities must reregister every three years, and religious activity is not permitted in prisons or the military.
423:
religious organizations are prohibited from "interference" in state affairs. The law on religion requires all religious organizations, including those previously registered under an earlier version of the law, to reregister with the
Ministry of Justice (MOJ) every three years to operate legally. According to religious organizations, government security forces continued to surveil religious organizations and ban the importation of religious literature, and it remained difficult to obtain places of worship.
458:, the name of the supreme god in the pre-Islamic Turko-Mongolic pantheon. The Turkmen language features a multitude of euphemisms for "wolf", because of a belief that speaking the actual word while tending a flock of sheep will invoke an actual wolf's appearance. Some infertile Turkmen women, rather than praying for children, step or jump over a live wolf to assist them in getting pregnant. Children born subsequently are typically given names associated with wolves; alternatively the mother may
81:
evangelical
Christians, including Baptists and Pentecostals. Most ethnic Russians and Armenians identify as Orthodox Christian and generally are members of the Russian Orthodox Church or Armenian Apostolic Church. Some ethnic Russians and Armenians are also members of smaller Protestant groups. There are small pockets of Shia Muslims, consisting largely of ethnic Iranians, Azeris, and Kurds, some located in Ashgabat, with others along the border with Iran and in the western city of Turkmenbashy.
342:
attended and conferred blessings on all important communal and life-cycle events, and also acted as mediators between clans and tribes. The institution of the övlat retains some authority today. Many of the
Turkmen who are revered for their spiritual powers trace their lineage to an övlat, and it is not uncommon, especially in rural areas, for such individuals to be present at life-cycle and other communal celebrations.
579:
1849:
1859:
140:, and other ethnic groups comprise the remaining 5.1 percent. The unpublished 2012 census reportedly counted Turkmen as 85.6 percent, followed by 5.8 percent Uzbeks and 5.1 percent ethnic Russians. The majority religion is Sunni Islam, and Russian Orthodox Christians constitute the largest religious minority. The level of active religious observance is unknown.
409:
The 2016 Religion Law asserts that
Turkmenistan is a secular state with religious freedom. However, it requires religious groups to register with the Ministry of Justice under intrusive criteria (including having 50 adult citizen founders), prohibits any activity by unregistered groups, requires that
365:
to supervise Islam in
Central Asia. For the most part, the Muslim Board functioned as an instrument of propaganda whose activities did little to enhance the Muslim cause. Atheist indoctrination stifled religious development and contributed to the isolation of the Turkmen from the international Muslim
619:
elected its own
National Spiritual Assembly; however, laws passed in 1995 in Turkmenistan required 500 adult religious adherents in each locality for registration and no Baháʼí community in Turkmenistan could meet this requirement. As of 2007 the religion had still failed to reach the minimum number
422:
The constitution provides for the freedom of religion and for the right of individuals to choose their religion, express and disseminate their religious beliefs, and participate in religious observances and ceremonies. The constitution maintains the separation of government and religion, stipulating
332:
critical in the process of reconciling
Islamic beliefs with pre-Islamic belief systems; they often were adopted as "patron saints" of particular clans or tribal groups, thereby becoming their "founders." Reformulation of communal identity around such figures accounts for one of the highly localized
313:
that until the
Russian conquest ruled that area. There are no synagogues; the last synogogue was turned into a gym during the Soviet era. Some in the community gather for religious observances but collectively Jews have not opted to register as a religious group. There are no reports of harassment
178:
While the 1995 census indicated that ethnic
Russians composed almost 7 percent of the population, subsequent emigration to Russia and elsewhere has reduced considerably this proportion. Most ethnic Russians and Armenians are Orthodox Christians. There are 12 Russian Orthodox churches, four of which
713:
bookshop and from a private bookseller. During the visit to the Iranian store, the clerk explained that to import and sell the Quran in Turkmenistan, the store needed approval by the Presidential Council on Religious Affairs. In a predominantly Muslim society, the unavailability of the Quran for
378:
Since 1991, Islam and minority religions have been allowed to resume, though under tight government control. Mosques were reopened, and Russian Orthodox Christian churches were allowed to operate; a small number of Protestant Christian churches have been allowed to register and operate. Large new
119:
The country has an area of 488,100 square kilometres (188,457 sq mi) and an officially declared population of 5.5- to 6 million, though unofficial sources indicate the resident population may not exceed five million. Official statistics regarding religious affiliation are not available.
563:
that harassment from officials had decreased since her group's registration. In October 2006, as part of a general annual prison amnesty, former President Niyazov released imprisoned ISKCON follower Ceper Annaniyazova, who had been sentenced to seven years in prison in November 2005 for having
341:
through one of the Four Caliphs. Because of their belief in the sacred origin and spiritual powers of the övlat representatives, Turkmen accord these tribes a special, holy status. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the övlat tribes became dispersed in small, compact groups in Turkmenistan. They
681:
Jehovah's Witnesses have been fined, imprisoned and suffered beatings for their faith or due to being conscientious objectors; in 2022 they reported no arrests, but noted that the government continues to call them for military service and do not offer exemptions for conscientious objectors.
610:
and was a center of scholarship. However, during the Soviet period religious persecution caused the Baháʼí community almost to disappear. Nevertheless, Baháʼís who moved into the regions in the 1950s did identify individuals still adhering to the religion. Following the dissolution of the
80:
According to U.S. government estimates, the country is 93 percent Muslim (mostly Sunni), 6.4 percent Eastern Orthodox, and 0.6 percent other. There are small communities of Jehovah's Witnesses, Shia Muslims, Baha’is, Roman Catholics, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, and
206:
Ethnic Russians and Armenians also comprise a significant percentage of members of unregistered religious congregations; ethnic Turkmen appear to be increasingly represented among these groups as well. There are small communities of the following unregistered denominations: the
336:
Integrated within the Turkmen tribal structure is the "holy" tribe called övlat . Ethnographers consider the övlat, of which six are active, as a revitalized form of the ancestor cult injected with Sufism. According to their genealogies, each tribe descends from
110:
dinners during Ramadan and presidential pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This sponsorship has validated the country's three presidents (Nyýazow, Gurbanguly and Serdar Berdimuhamedow) as pious Turkmen, giving them an aura of cultural authority.
370:, continued to be practiced throughout the Soviet period, but most religious belief, knowledge, and customs were preserved only in rural areas in "folk form" as a kind of unofficial Islam not sanctioned by the state-run Spiritual Directorate.
659:, despite international pressure, the authorities severely repress all religious groups, and the legal framework is so constrictive that many prefer to exist underground rather than have to pass through all of the official hurdles.
289:
live in the country; they have been largely absorbed into the Russian community and consider themselves Russian Orthodox. The Catholic community in Ashgabat, which includes both citizens and foreigners, meet in the chapel of the
427:
In 2022, many religious groups reported an increase in young people showing an interest in religion and spirituality; this is said to be a result of growing up after the Soviet era, and a response to the threat of Covid.
354:
758:
In 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that restrictions have tightened since 2016. In the same year it was ranked the 26th worst place in the world to be a Christian.
1142:
402:
100:
The country of Turkmenistan encourages the conceptualization of "Turkmen Islam," or worship that is often mixed with veneration of elders and saints, life-cycle rituals, and Sufi practices.
103:
Since Turkmenistan's independence saw an increase in religious practices and the development of institutions like the Muftiate and the building of mosques, today it is often regulated.
183:. An archpriest resident in Ashgabat leads the Orthodox Church within the country. Until 2007 Turkmenistan fell under the religious jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox archbishop in
754:
but to turn to the state-appointed imams for the "correct" interpretation of the book, a further sign of the government's policy of strict control over religious life in the country."
709:, revealed that the book was practically unavailable in state stores except for rare cases of second-hand copies. The only other places where the Quran could be bought were at an
328:
Islam came to the Turkmen primarily through the activities of Sufi shaykhs rather than through the mosque and the "high" written tradition of sedentary culture. These shaykhs were
143:
Since independence, Islam has been revived but it is tightly controlled. During the Soviet era, only four mosques operated; now there are 698. Ethnic Turkmens, Uzbeks, Kazakhs,
675:
553:
1422:
120:
According to the Government's most recent published census (1995) ethnic Turkmen constitute 77 percent of the population. Minority ethnic populations include
1083:
Demidov cites the Turkmen proverb, "Gurt agzasan, gurt geler" (Mention the wolf, the wolf comes), in explaining why the original Turkic word for wolf,
353:
and "vestiges of the past." Most religious schooling and religious observance were banned, and the vast majority of mosques were closed. An official
1763:
1015:
573:
1738:
1488:
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in late 1991, Baháʼí communities and their administrative bodies started to develop across the nations of the former Soviet Union. In 1994
722:, highlights the state's insecurity about the impact that the unrestricted practice of religion could have on the current status quo in
633:
106:
The government leadership of Turkmenistan often uses Islam to legitimize its role in society by sponsoring holiday celebrations such as
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in their homes. Even if they cannot read Arabic, the fact of having the holy book is believed to protect a family from
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influence. By 1887 a community of Baháʼí refugees from religious violence in Persia had founded a religious center in
437:
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950:
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746:, who are appointed by the Council on Religious Affairs at national, provincial, city and district levels. The
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843:
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belief systems on practice of Islam among Turkmen, including placing offerings before trees. The Turkmen word
294:. There are a very small number of foreign missionaries, although the extent of their activities is unknown.
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1618:
1513:
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534:
1743:
1718:
1633:
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1523:
1359:
Synopsis of References to the Baháʼí Faith, in the US State Department's Reports on Human Rights 1991–2000
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39:
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and attracted the attention of scholars and artists, the Baháʼí community in Ashgabat built the first
297:
An estimated two hundred Jews live in the country in 2022. Most are members of families who came from
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1723:
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251:
1803:
1748:
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690:
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305:. There are some Jewish families living in Turkmenabat, on the border with Uzbekistan, part of the
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1603:
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922:
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account for less than 1% (30,000) of the population of Turkmenistan. There are also very few
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in Turkmenistan dates to before Russia's advances into the region, while the area was under
510:
156:
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1199:
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purchase seems to be an anomaly. The authorities' strict control over the availability of
1306:
1168:"Turkmenistan, Statistics by Diocese, by Catholic Population [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1405:"Turkmenistan: Religious communities theoretically permitted, but attacked in practice?"
1327:
17:
1167:
715:
599:
471:
445:
160:
148:
86:
578:
1877:
1852:
956:
645:. However, like other human rights, in practice it does not exist. Former President
306:
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235:
152:
144:
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612:
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367:
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505:, accounting for 6.4% of the population or 320,000 according to a 2010 study by
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441:
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of France. Instruction in Islam is authorized in one educational institution,
200:
196:
192:
188:
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Religion remains under government supervision. The mufti is appointed by the
526:
346:
282:
133:
961:
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of adherents to register and individuals have seen their homes raided for
398:. Importation of religious literature must be approved by the government.
747:
723:
698:
656:
595:
545:
520:
384:
358:
338:
227:
220:
184:
180:
125:
873:"Unpublished Census Provides Rare and Unvarnished Look at Turkmenistan"
706:
651:
459:
310:
298:
274:
129:
90:
1234:
994:
751:
731:
591:
454:
278:
137:
121:
69:
223:, charismatic groups, and an unaffiliated, nondenominational group.
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844:"Religion and the Secular State in Turkmenistan – Silk Road Paper"
702:
577:
366:
community. Some religious customs, such as Muslim burial and male
329:
164:
107:
94:
955:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
895:
743:
739:
735:
710:
463:
168:
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1384:. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affair
942:
Larry Clark, Michael Thurman, and David Tyson. "Turkmenistan".
509:. Around 5.3% or 270,000 of the population of Turkmenistan are
1227:"Statement on the history of the Baháʼí Faith in Soviet Union"
345:
In the Soviet era, all religious beliefs were attacked by the
1423:"Turkmenistan Imprisons Jehovah's Witnesses for Their Faith"
1382:"Turkmenistan - International Religious Freedom Report 2007"
885:
Results of each subsequent census have remained unpublished.
983:. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2020.
556:. ISKCON Hindus are a minority community in Turkmenistan.
403:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
191:, but since then has been subordinate to the Archbishop of
155:
are predominantly Sunni Muslim. There are small pockets of
1016:"Turkmenistan 2019 International Religious Freedom REPORT"
909:
750:
of the Quran in a familiar language leaves people little
655:, is imposed on all religious communities. According to
910:"Православие в Туркменистане / История и современность"
742:. For an explanation of the Quran, most people rely on
726:
society ... In general, the majority of Turkmen have a
379:
mosques have been built in major cities, including the
666:
adherents are affected, in addition to groups such as
242:
have registered with the Government. In May 2005 the
1328:"National Spiritual Assemblies statistics 1923–1999"
1204:
Draft for "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"
1802:
1762:
1504:
1120:Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
1100:Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
1075:Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
1055:Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
1035:Растения и Животные в Легендах и Верованиях Туркмен
529:living in Turkmenistan (below 1%) mostly adhere to
1233:. Local Spiritual Assembly of Kyiv. Archived from
333:developments of Islamic practice in Turkmenistan.
97:as an integral part of their cultural heritage.
676:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
554:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
501:Christianity is the second largest religion in
277:, most of whom live in and around the city of
1482:
1326:Hassall, Graham; Universal House of Justice.
1315:. Vol. 1998, no. 8. pp. 35–44.
848:Institute for Security and Development Policy
8:
1380:U.S. State Department (September 14, 2007).
1448:Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08
978:"Turkmenistan Chapter - 2020 Annual Report"
866:
864:
598:. While the Baháʼí Faith spread across the
391:, which includes a Department of Theology.
309:, a historical reference to the Khanate of
72:. According the U.S. Department of State's
1489:
1475:
1467:
1267:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith
258:were able to register. There are also the
1307:"100 Years of the Baháʼí Faith in Europe"
1269:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford:
1225:Local Spiritual Assembly of Kyiv (2007).
972:
970:
968:
452:, meaning "God", derives from the Turkic
1459:Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-08
1190:
1188:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
559:A ISKCON representative reported to the
1231:Official Website of the Baháʼís of Kyiv
1106:. Moscow: Staryy sad. pp. 155–156.
1081:. Moscow: Staryy sad. pp. 151–152.
1061:. Moscow: Staryy sad. pp. 143–144.
896:"Православие в Туркменистане / Приходы"
780:
470:by reading dried camel dung by special
1137:
1135:
1133:
838:
836:
834:
832:
564:illegally crossed the border in 2002.
74:International Religious Freedom Report
1143:"Religions in Turkmenistan | PEW-GRF"
1117:Demidov, Sergey Mikhaylovich (2020).
1097:Demidov, Sergey Mikhaylovich (2020).
1072:Demidov, Sergey Mikhaylovich (2020).
1052:Demidov, Sergey Mikhaylovich (2020).
1041:. Moscow: Staryy sad. pp. 22–23.
1032:Demidov, Sergey Mikhaylovich (2020).
523:in the country - around 50 in total.
318:Islam and its history in Turkmenistan
7:
938:
936:
934:
285:. Approximately one thousand ethnic
697:"A survey of bookstores in central
649:'s book of spiritual writings, the
641:is guaranteed by Article 11 of the
634:Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan
264:Greater Grace World Outreach Church
254:of Turkmenistan, and two groups of
244:Greater Grace World Outreach Church
1126:. Moscow: Staryy sad. p. 356.
606:, elected one of the first Baháʼí
25:
1021:. U.S. Department of State. 2019.
871:Goble, Paul (February 10, 2015).
701:to check the availability of the
608:local administrative institutions
497:Roman Catholicism in Turkmenistan
440:has identified many instances of
281:, reportedly included practicing
273:A very small community of ethnic
236:Society for Krishna Consciousness
1857:
1848:
1847:
795:. November 2 – December 24, 2022
199:. There are no Russian Orthodox
32:Religion in Turkmenistan (2020)
1403:Corley, Felix (April 1, 2004).
1305:Hassall, Graham; Fazel, Seena.
923:World Jewish Congress website,
89:readily identify themselves as
1815:British Indian Ocean Territory
1147:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
268:Protestant Word of Life Church
248:International Church of Christ
1:
944:A Country Study: Turkmenistan
582:First Baháʼí House of Worship
493:Protestantism in Turkmenistan
167:living along the border with
769:Demographics of Turkmenistan
643:Constitution of Turkmenistan
574:Baháʼí Faith in Turkmenistan
489:Christianity in Turkmenistan
383:in Ashgabat, constructed by
355:Muslim Board of Central Asia
219:groups including "Separate"
946:(Glenn E. Curtis, editor).
438:Russian Academy of Sciences
432:Syncretism in Turkmen Islam
374:Religion after Independence
1900:
1087:, is virtually never used.
631:
571:
486:
321:
159:, many of whom are ethnic
1843:
951:Federal Research Division
825:US State Dept 2022 report
531:Armenian Apostolic Church
444:influence of pre-Islamic
307:Bukharan Jewish community
260:Armenian Apostolic Church
1884:Religion in Turkmenistan
1564:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
561:U.S. Department of State
416:U.S. Department of State
389:Turkmen State University
18:Hinduism in Turkmenistan
1825:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1361:. Baháʼí Library Online
1334:. Baháʼí Library Online
1332:Assorted Resource Tools
1206:. Baháʼí Library Online
875:. Jamestown Foundation.
604:Baháʼí House of Worship
535:Russian Orthodox Church
381:Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque
361:was established during
357:with a headquarters in
1172:Catholic-hierarchy.org
756:
693:in Turkmenistan reads:
583:
425:
412:
256:Pentecostal Christians
232:Seventh-day Adventists
85:The great majority of
83:
1429:on September 23, 2014
1312:Baháʼí Studies Review
1271:Oneworld Publications
695:
581:
466:. The future is also
420:
407:
324:Islam in Turkmenistan
246:of Turkmenistan, the
226:Small communities of
217:evangelical Christian
209:Roman Catholic Church
78:
1739:United Arab Emirates
789:"The World Factbook"
716:religious literature
292:Apostolic Nunciature
252:New Apostolic Church
215:, Jews, and several
115:Religious demography
68:, are predominantly
1766:limited recognition
948:Library of Congress
705:, the holy book of
668:Jehovah's Witnesses
639:Freedom of religion
628:Freedom of religion
507:Pew Research Center
213:Jehovah's Witnesses
128:(6.7 percent), and
720:Islamic literature
647:Saparmurat Niyazov
584:
58: Other (0.6%)
1871:
1870:
1808:other territories
1498:Religion in Asia
1353:Wagner, Ralph D.
691:religious freedom
689:report regarding
622:Baháʼí literature
203:in Turkmenistan.
16:(Redirected from
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1861:
1851:
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1820:Christmas Island
1506:Sovereign states
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1484:
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1425:. Archived from
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1292:Internet Archive
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1237:on July 15, 2010
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800:
793:ca-barometer.org
785:
511:Eastern Orthodox
418:reported in 2019
405:reported in 2020
93:and acknowledge
57:
47:
37:
21:
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1807:
1798:
1779:Northern Cyprus
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1273:. p. 340.
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917:
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903:
894:
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870:
869:
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499:
487:Main articles:
485:
480:
478:Other religions
472:fortune tellers
434:
376:
349:authorities as
326:
320:
124:(9.2 percent),
117:
64:The Turkmen of
62:
61:
60:
59:
55:
53:
45:
43:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1479:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1414:
1395:
1372:
1355:"Turkmenistan"
1345:
1318:
1297:
1279:
1262:"Tolstoy, Leo"
1248:
1217:
1200:"Turkmenistan"
1184:
1159:
1129:
1109:
1089:
1064:
1044:
1024:
1007:
995:"TSU About us"
986:
964:
953:(March 1996).
930:
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901:
887:
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860:
828:
806:
779:
778:
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764:
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632:Main article:
629:
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600:Russian Empire
572:Main article:
569:
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548:was spread in
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1795:
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1790:
1789:South Ossetia
1787:
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1777:
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1196:Momen, Moojan
1191:
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957:public domain
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931:
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911:
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477:
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464:Muslim saints
461:
460:visit shrines
457:
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163:, Azeris, or
162:
158:
157:Shi'a Muslims
154:
153:Mary Province
150:
146:
141:
139:
135:
132:(2 percent).
131:
127:
123:
114:
112:
109:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
88:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
51:
41:
33:
27:
19:
1804:Dependencies
1734:Turkmenistan
1733:
1699:Saudi Arabia
1454:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1417:
1408:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1358:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1331:
1321:
1310:
1300:
1290:– via
1284:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:Smith, Peter
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1230:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1203:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1119:
1112:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1074:
1067:
1054:
1047:
1034:
1027:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
989:
954:
943:
924:
918:
904:
890:
881:
851:. Retrieved
847:
797:. Retrieved
792:
783:
757:
718:, including
696:
684:
650:
637:
617:Turkmenistan
613:Soviet Union
588:Baháʼí Faith
585:
568:Baháʼí Faith
558:
550:Turkmenistan
544:
525:
515:
513:Christians.
503:Turkmenistan
500:
483:Christianity
453:
449:
435:
426:
421:
413:
408:
400:
393:
377:
368:circumcision
363:World War II
351:superstition
344:
335:
327:
303:World War II
296:
272:
240:Baháʼí Faith
225:
205:
177:
173:Turkmenbashy
142:
118:
105:
102:
99:
84:
79:
73:
66:Turkmenistan
63:
50:Christianity
31:
26:
1863:Asia portal
1764:States with
1684:Philippines
1624:South Korea
1619:North Korea
1514:Afghanistan
1286:October 20,
925:Communities
517:Protestants
1744:Uzbekistan
1719:Tajikistan
1634:Kyrgyzstan
1614:Kazakhstan
1534:Bangladesh
1524:Azerbaijan
1177:January 9,
775:References
740:misfortune
661:Protestant
201:seminaries
197:Cherkessia
193:Pyatigorsk
189:Uzbekistan
151:living in
1830:Hong Kong
1784:Palestine
1709:Sri Lanka
1704:Singapore
1584:Indonesia
1241:April 19,
1000:March 30,
799:August 6,
664:Christian
527:Armenians
521:Catholics
442:syncretic
396:president
347:communist
314:of Jews.
283:Lutherans
134:Armenians
76:for 2022,
1878:Category
1853:Category
1774:Abkhazia
1724:Thailand
1679:Pakistan
1659:Mongolia
1654:Maldives
1649:Malaysia
1549:Cambodia
1338:April 2,
1259:(2000).
853:April 5,
763:See also
748:scarcity
699:Ashgabat
657:Forum 18
596:Ashgabat
546:Hinduism
541:Hinduism
385:Bouygues
359:Tashkent
339:Muhammad
330:holy men
238:and the
228:Baptists
221:Baptists
185:Tashkent
181:Ashgabat
161:Iranians
149:Pashtuns
126:Russians
1749:Vietnam
1664:Myanmar
1644:Lebanon
1574:Georgia
1529:Bahrain
1519:Armenia
1409:F18News
1388:May 21,
1365:May 25,
1210:May 23,
1152:June 6,
724:Turkmen
711:Iranian
707:Muslims
685:A 2009
652:Ruhnama
592:Persian
468:divined
311:Bukhara
301:during
299:Ukraine
275:Germans
179:are in
171:and in
145:Balochs
130:Kazakhs
91:Muslims
87:Turkmen
70:Muslims
1794:Taiwan
1729:Turkey
1694:Russia
1629:Kuwait
1609:Jordan
1599:Israel
1559:Cyprus
1544:Brunei
1539:Bhutan
1277:
752:choice
732:Arabic
674:, and
672:Baháʼí
495:, and
455:Tengri
446:Turkic
279:Sarahs
266:, the
262:, the
250:, the
234:, the
138:Azeris
122:Uzbeks
56:
52:(6.4%)
48:
46:
38:
36:
1835:Macau
1754:Yemen
1714:Syria
1689:Qatar
1669:Nepal
1604:Japan
1579:India
1569:Egypt
1554:China
1124:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
1059:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
744:imams
728:Quran
703:Quran
450:taňry
287:Poles
165:Kurds
108:iftar
95:Islam
42:(93%)
40:Islam
1674:Oman
1639:Laos
1594:Iraq
1589:Iran
1435:2014
1390:2008
1367:2008
1340:2008
1288:2020
1275:ISBN
1243:2008
1212:2008
1179:2019
1154:2020
1085:böri
1002:2021
927:page
855:2021
801:2021
738:and
736:evil
586:The
533:and
436:The
414:The
401:The
195:and
169:Iran
147:and
1806:and
730:in
687:CIA
552:by
462:of
1880::
1407:.
1357:.
1330:.
1309:.
1265:.
1229:.
1202:.
1198:.
1187:^
1170:.
1145:.
1132:^
967:^
933:^
863:^
846:.
831:^
809:^
791:.
678:.
670:,
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491:,
474:.
270:.
230:,
211:,
187:,
175:.
136:,
1490:e
1483:t
1476:v
1437:.
1411:.
1392:.
1369:.
1342:.
1294:.
1245:.
1214:.
1181:.
1156:.
1004:.
959:.
857:.
803:.
20:)
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