886:
catastrophic failure of a turbine-generator in
Britain. The characteristics of the material from which the burst discs were made were a contributory factor in the failure. The 3 Cr-Mo steel made by the a.0.h. process was temper embrittled during slow furnace cooling after heat treatment and therefore had poor fracture toughness, i.e. low tolerance of very sharp crack-like defects in highly stressed regions. Such material can of course be used quite safely in highly stressed regions in the absence of cracks. A material of higher fracture toughness would have tolerated larger cracks without succumbing to their unstable propagation, and the failure would have been postponed if not avoided. At the time of the manufacture of these discs, it was not possible to quantify the effect of embrittlement on the material's ability to tolerate small cracks in the most highly stressed regions. The reason for the failure was down to transport of phosphor towards the grain boundaries which embrittled the chromium steel causing it to fail.
865:
ear defenders. After unexplained drops in the mass flow rate and motor driving current in number 3 and 5 gas circulators, the hot run tests were stopped and the gas circuit opened up. Severe mechanical damage to the blading and diffuser sections of the number 3 and 5 gas circulators was observed. Large sections of the diffusers had broken away, and extensive fatigue cracking was found in the outer tapering shell and central axial cone. Large pieces of the diffuser casing had entered the gas circulator blades and caused heavy impact damage, and large amounts of debris had been transported down the gas duct. The Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs), which were provided to enable the performance of individual gas circulators to be "trimmed," were found to be extensively damaged, and the rotor blades and outlet guide vanes also had extensive impact and fatigue damage. Large numbers of the nuts and bolts involved had been shaken loose.
869:
associated components was required. The IGVs were scrapped and flow straighteners introduced to smooth the flow of gas into the gas circulator intakes. Much pioneering experimental laboratory work on resonance and sound pressure levels was performed at
English Electric's Gas Turbine and Atomic Power Division (APD) facilities at Whetstone, Leicestershire, to support the redesign work, and instrumentation to measure stress and sound pressure levels in the gas circuit during testing was developed. The delay caused severe financial difficulties for the consortium and set the construction schedule back; the station began generating electricity two years late in February 1965.
31:
857:
2748:
987:
973:
1001:
1596:
864:
In August 1963, during a hot run test on the first reactor, which had not then been loaded with nuclear fuel, problems were encountered due to noise from the single stage axial flow gas circulators. This could be heard up to 5 miles (8.0 km) away, and personnel working at the station had to wear
585:
MW) gas circulators, which transported the hot gas from the core to the six Steam
Raising Units (boilers) via steel ducts. The gas circulators could be driven by induction motors supplied with mains electricity or, when steam was available, from one of the three 33MWe dedicated variable speed turbo
898:
Periodic Safety Review. Reactor 2 was returned to service in
September 1999, but shut down on 3 December 1999 because of newly identified uncertainties in the reactor pressure vessel material properties. Because of the cost of remedying these problems, it was announced on 23 May 2000 that Hinkley
885:
rev/min). The interaction of fragments of the burst disc and the shaft caused the adjacent disc to burst almost immediately afterwards, and in the general disruption that followed another disc disintegrated completely and the entire unit was irreparably damaged. This is thought to be the first
868:
The subsequent investigation determined that the noise was caused by interaction between the IGVs and the rotor blades. The sound pressure levels generated by this noise were high enough to cause rapid fatigue failure in gas circuit components, and major re-design of the gas circulators and
594:
was found to be corroding the mild steel components of the gas circuit more quickly than had been anticipated. Like all Magnox reactors, Hinkley Point A was designed for on-load refuelling so that exhausted fuel elements could be replaced with fresh without shutting down the reactor.
519:
mini-computers (One per reactor) were installed for Burst Can
Detection and Reactor Temperature Monitoring, replacing the original instrumentation systems. A DEC PDP-11/34 mini-computer was also installed for turbine parameter displays & logging, replacing the original systems.
1456:
Lozovoi, A. Y., Paxton, A. T., & Finnis, M. W. (2006). Structural and chemical embrittlement of grain boundaries by impurities: A general theory and first-principles calculations for copper. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and
Materials Physics, 74(15), 155416.
1350:
the
Central Electricity Generating Board has agreed to a small modification in the design of Hinkley Point and of the next two stations in its programme so as to enable plutonium suitable for military purposes to be extracted should the need
927:
Defuelling and removal of most buildings is expected to take until 2031, followed by a care and maintenance phase from 2031 to 2085. Demolition of reactor buildings and final site clearance is planned for 2081 to 2091.
1647:
1385:"Investigations into the failure of gas circulators and circuit components at Hinkley Point nuclear power station" Rizk, W and Seymour, D F Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, v179 1964 p627-703
2192:
1135:
1640:
1533:
2139:
2589:
1633:
1444:
Lejček, P., & Hofmann, S. (1995). Thermodynamics and structural aspects of grain boundary segregation. Critical
Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 20(1), 1–85.
2782:
2185:
1021:
881:
was highlighted during the operation of
Hinkley Point. In 1969 there was a catastrophic failure of the Hinkley Point 'A' turbine-generator at near normal speeds (3,200
432:
2690:
1507:
1600:
413:
2752:
2178:
2682:
1139:
1540:
479:
Hinkley Point A was one of three Magnox power stations located close to the mouth of the River Severn and the
Bristol Channel, the others being
2395:
603:
2602:
2461:
1944:
1918:
952:
937:
1472:
Report by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate on the results of Magnox Long Term Safety Reviews (LTSRs) and Periodic Safety Reviews (PSRs)
1302:
2772:
936:
The Hinkley Point Site was organized as two nuclear power stations: next to Hinkley Point A with its two Magnox reactor buildings there is
185:
76:
1420:
Kalderon, D. (1972). Steam Turbine Failure at Hinkley Point "A." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 186(1), 341–377.
2075:
959:
units; Unit 1 was originally scheduled to be completed in 2025 and Unit 2 in 2026 and both would remain operational for around 60 years.
2777:
2201:
1016:
590:
psig, and the temperature of the gas leaving the reactor was 378 °C (712 °F), although this was later reduced when the hot CO
2735:
2534:
2466:
2099:
1852:
1113:
1066:
895:
532:
506:
30:
523:
In 1988, reactor 2 set a world record for the longest continuous period of power generation from a commercial nuclear reactor, of 700
2724:
2549:
2519:
2370:
917:
566:
464:
203:
902:
Hinkley Point A was one of 11 Magnox nuclear power stations commissioned in the United Kingdom between 1956 and 1971. During its 35
2653:
2612:
2597:
2422:
1331:
1432:
Seah, M. P. (1977). Grain boundary segregation and the T-t dependence of temper brittleness. Acta Metallurgica, 25(3), 345–357.
2579:
2544:
2524:
2456:
2144:
617:
2607:
2509:
2504:
1910:
484:
2539:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2390:
1923:
480:
428:
1395:
2711:
2375:
2212:
1511:
1471:
1161:
2554:
2447:
2414:
2365:
1478:
945:
499:
2360:
2154:
1722:
1702:
1697:
1244:
C. F. Unsworth (1987). "Updating the control and instrumentation systems on an operational nuclear power station".
558:
net but, after de-rating of the reactor power output due to corrosion concerns, both reactors combined produced 470
509:
2730:
2564:
1781:
1006:
2405:
2385:
1973:
1737:
1105:
1058:
1807:
1771:
1766:
1279:
620:
emergency diesel generators were installed at Hinkley Point A, for use in the event of loss of grid supplies.
1776:
1692:
2124:
2114:
1727:
742:
The generating capacity, electricity output, load factor and thermal efficiency was as shown in the table.
599:
573:
cans within a graphite moderator, all contained in a welded steel pressure vessel. The core was cooled by CO
495:
258:
2290:
2269:
1656:
1539:. Nuclear Decommissioning Agency/Department of Energy & Climate Change. February 2011. Archived from
586:
alternator sets (One serving each reactor with one spare). The design pressure of the gas circuit was 185
2295:
2244:
1791:
1786:
956:
448:
131:
2476:
2259:
1717:
1707:
2159:
2046:
1732:
1712:
2051:
598:
While primarily planned for peaceful electricity generation, Hinkley Point A was modified so that
2119:
2041:
1836:
1660:
345:
240:
64:
1625:
2380:
1327:
2717:
2641:
2335:
2330:
2129:
2089:
1821:
878:
614:
548:
491:
310:
254:
191:
2056:
856:
456:
361:
197:
554:
turbine generator sets which were all together across both reactors designed to produce
2658:
2320:
2315:
2264:
2036:
1881:
1668:
978:
894:
Both reactors were shut down in April 1999 to carry out reinforcement work following a
570:
390:
371:
272:
217:
2170:
1616:. English Electric, Babcock & Wilcox, Taylor Woodrow. c. 1965 – via YouTube.
951:
In October 2013, the UK government announced that it had approved the construction of
490:
The construction of the power station, which was undertaken by a consortium backed by
2766:
2217:
2031:
1895:
992:
460:
56:
1421:
2665:
2340:
2274:
502:, began in 1957. The reactors and the turbines were supplied by English Electric.
1263:
2695:
2149:
2104:
1866:
1751:
2074:
1565:
1433:
2648:
2636:
2514:
2325:
2254:
2249:
2134:
2094:
2016:
1987:
1619:
1607:
968:
941:
921:
468:
1458:
91:
78:
1958:
1445:
1165:
986:
268:
1482:
1595:
2671:
2485:
2109:
2002:
1928:
452:
60:
422:
1336:
1366:. London: Central Electricity Generating Board. April 1971. p. 4.
2495:
913:
of electricity, giving a lifetime load factor against design of 34%.
544:
516:
445:
244:
1622:), film about the construction and commissioning of Hinkley Point A
855:
463:
estuary. The ongoing decommissioning process is being managed by
1677:
543:
The power station, which is undergoing decommissioning, had two
2174:
1629:
910:
351:
324:
284:
1225:"Micro Consultants supplies data loggers for Hinkley Point".
860:
Hinkley Point A reactors seen from the south side of the site
1246:
Journal of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers
877:
The importance of materials design and the understanding of
569:, in that it used a reactor core of natural uranium fuel in
906:
years of operation, Hinkley Point A generated more than 103
35:
Hinkley Point A twin buildings housing the Magnox reactors
1206:"Nuclear Technology Society in the German Atomic Forum".
916:
The ongoing decommissioning process is being managed by
729:
IP 12.7 bar g (183 lb/in2 g) 354 °C (669 °F)
1534:"The 2010 UK Radioactive Waste Inventory: Main Report"
565:
The design followed the principles established by the
1470:
Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (September 2000).
721:
45.5 bar g (660 lb/in2 g) 363 °C (685 °F)
451:. It is located on a 19.4-hectare (48-acre) site in
2704:
2681:
2629:
2588:
2572:
2563:
2494:
2475:
2446:
2413:
2404:
2353:
2308:
2283:
2233:
2226:
2082:
2024:
2015:
1995:
1986:
1966:
1957:
1937:
1903:
1894:
1874:
1865:
1845:
1829:
1820:
1800:
1759:
1750:
1685:
1676:
1667:
409:
385:
380:
370:
360:
344:
293:
279:
264:
250:
236:
228:
223:
213:
178:
163:
130:
115:
107:
70:
52:
44:
23:
1303:"The world's first 'Nuclear Proliferation Treaty'"
1422:https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1972_186_037_02
1022:Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom
1376:CEGB Statistical Yearbooks 1972–84, CEGB, London
512:officially opened the new nuclear power plant.
2691:Cumbrians Opposed to a Radioactive Environment
1332:"Atomic Power Stations (Plutonium Production)"
2186:
1641:
16:Decommissioned nuclear power plant in England
8:
2140:Pre-nationalisation electric power companies
1434:https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(77)90153-5
535:held the previous world record of 698 days.
1136:"Nuclear Development in the United Kingdom"
2569:
2410:
2237:
2230:
2193:
2179:
2171:
2021:
1992:
1963:
1900:
1871:
1826:
1756:
1682:
1673:
1648:
1634:
1626:
1459:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155416
744:
20:
1481:. p. 37 (Appendix E). Archived from
1446:https://doi.org/10.1080/10408439508243544
2783:Former nuclear power stations in England
627:
547:reactors, each supplying steam to three
1268:. Welding Institute. 1988. p. 258.
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
726:Steam conditions turbine stop valve IP
718:Steam conditions turbine stop valve HP
459:coast, 5 miles (8 km) west of the
414:Related media on Commons
376:3,261 GW⋅h (11,740 TJ) (1994)
2396:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
1566:"UK nuclear power plant gets go-ahead"
757:Load as percent of capability, %
1601:Hinkley Point A Nuclear Power Station
1508:"Hinkley Point A - Facts and figures"
1364:Hinkley Point B Nuclear Power Station
1340:. HC Deb 24 June 1958 vol 590 cc246-8
442:Hinkley Point A nuclear power station
24:Hinkley Point A nuclear power station
7:
1614:Technical & Scientific Films Ltd
955:. This new plant, consisting of two
186:Central Electricity Generating Board
2202:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
1280:"PRIS - Reactor Details Hinkley A1"
1017:Energy policy of the United Kingdom
139:Unit 1: February 16, 1965
2736:Sustainable Development Commission
896:Nuclear Installations Inspectorate
710:Total weight of graphite per core
533:Hunterston A Nuclear Power Station
14:
2725:Nuclear Power and the Environment
2371:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
1110:Public Reactor Information System
1063:Public Reactor Information System
918:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
567:Calder Hall nuclear power station
465:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
204:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
2747:
2746:
2654:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
2073:
1594:
1301:David Lowry (13 November 2014).
1162:"Nuclear Power Plants in the UK"
999:
985:
971:
681:about 430 °C (806 °F)
224:Nuclear power station
149:Unit 2: March 19, 1965
29:
2145:South Somerset Hydropower Group
1337:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
702:Number of channels per reactor
694:CO2 channel outlet temperature
1:
2391:Office for Nuclear Regulation
852:Gas circulator design problem
2712:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
2376:Nuclear Industry Association
2213:Energy in the United Kingdom
1510:. Magnox Ltd. Archived from
899:Point A would be shut down.
2773:Companies based in Somerset
2366:National Nuclear Laboratory
1479:Health and Safety Executive
890:Closure and decommissioning
760:Thermal efficiency, %
577:pumped by six nominal 7,000
500:Taylor Woodrow Construction
372:Annual net output
111:Decommissioning in progress
2801:
2778:Power stations in Somerset
2674:(research and development)
2361:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
2155:Western Power Distribution
754:Electricity supplied, GWh
697:387 °C (729 °F)
689:12.7 bar g (185 lb/in2 g)
119:November 1, 1957
2744:
2731:Nuclear power in Scotland
2240:
2208:
2071:
1187:"The Electrical Review".
1007:Nuclear technology portal
678:Fuel surface temperature
419:
317:Units decommissioned
302:
298:
40:
28:
2386:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
638:Output of main turbines
496:Babcock & Wilcox Ltd
307:Make and model
259:Babcock & Wilcox Ltd
2115:Marine Current Turbines
1265:Joining & Materials
1227:Electronics & Power
606:should the need arise.
600:weapons-grade plutonium
515:In the late 1970s, two
346:Nameplate capacity
232:2 (Units A-1 & A-2)
116:Construction began
2291:NNB Generation Company
2270:Sheffield Forgemasters
2100:Geothermal Engineering
1657:Electricity generation
861:
505:On 22 April 1966, the
167:May 23, 2000
164:Decommission date
2321:British Nuclear Group
2296:Horizon Nuclear Power
2245:Great British Nuclear
859:
646:Area of main station
604:for military purposes
449:nuclear power station
294:Power generation
280:Thermal capacity
251:Reactor supplier
1603:at Wikimedia Commons
362:Capacity factor
132:Commission date
2284:New build operators
1106:"HINKLEY POINT A-2"
1059:"HINKLEY POINT A-1"
751:Net capability, MW
738:Capacity and output
713:1891 t (1861 tons)
649:16.2 ha (40 acres)
641:6 x 93.5 MW 500 MW
602:could be extracted
381:External links
265:Cooling source
88: /
2668:(fuel manufacture)
2642:uranium enrichment
2120:Mendip Power Group
1837:Rosemanowes Quarry
1661:South West England
1195:(9–17): 638. 1966.
1142:on 17 January 2014
862:
92:51.2087°N 3.1337°W
65:South West England
2760:
2759:
2630:Non-reactor sites
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2381:Nuclear Institute
2349:
2348:
2304:
2303:
2168:
2167:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2011:
2010:
1982:
1981:
1953:
1952:
1890:
1889:
1861:
1860:
1816:
1815:
1746:
1745:
1599:Media related to
1572:. 21 October 2013
1514:on 17 August 2011
1396:"Hinkley A: 1965"
1328:Reginald Maudling
1208:Handelsblatt GMBH
1189:Electrical Review
948:in one building.
849:
848:
733:
732:
657:355 t (349 tons)
654:Fuel per reactor
507:Minister of Power
439:
438:
355:
237:Reactor type
2790:
2750:
2749:
2570:
2411:
2336:Scottish Nuclear
2331:Nuclear Electric
2238:
2231:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2172:
2130:Nuclear Electric
2077:
2022:
1993:
1964:
1901:
1872:
1827:
1757:
1738:Portishead A + B
1683:
1674:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1617:
1598:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1546:on 25 March 2012
1545:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1330:(24 June 1958).
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1214:: 50, 225. 1966.
1203:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1164:. Archived from
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1138:. Archived from
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1116:. 29 August 2022
1102:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1069:. 29 August 2022
1055:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
990:
989:
981:
976:
975:
974:
909:
905:
884:
879:grain boundaries
745:
665:Natural Uranium
628:
615:English Electric
612:
589:
584:
580:
561:
557:
553:
549:English Electric
530:
526:
492:English Electric
435:
423:edit on Wikidata
405:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
366:72.4% (lifetime)
353:
311:English Electric
255:English Electric
192:Nuclear Electric
174:
172:
156:
154:
146:
144:
126:
124:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
97:51.2087; -3.1337
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
33:
21:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2740:
2718:Nuclear or Not?
2700:
2677:
2617:
2603:Hinkley Point C
2584:
2559:
2530:Hinkley Point A
2490:
2471:
2462:Hinkley Point B
2442:
2400:
2345:
2326:Magnox Electric
2300:
2279:
2222:
2204:
2199:
2169:
2164:
2078:
2061:
2057:Goonhilly Downs
2007:
1978:
1949:
1945:Hinkley Point C
1933:
1916:Hinkley Point A
1886:
1857:
1841:
1812:
1796:
1742:
1663:
1654:
1606:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1343:
1341:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1168:on 19 July 2009
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1035:
1030:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:
991:
984:
977:
972:
970:
965:
953:Hinkley Point C
938:Hinkley Point B
934:
907:
903:
892:
882:
875:
873:Turbine failure
854:
740:
626:
610:
593:
587:
582:
578:
576:
559:
555:
551:
541:
528:
524:
477:
457:Bristol Channel
431:
427:
426:
389:
340:
336:
328:
288:
209:
198:Magnox Electric
170:
168:
159:
152:
150:
142:
140:
122:
120:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2798:
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2794:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2742:
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2738:
2733:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2659:Windscale fire
2656:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
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2605:
2600:
2594:
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2561:
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2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:British Energy
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Sellafield Ltd
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Cold Northcott
2034:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1882:Severn Barrage
1878:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
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1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1671:
1669:Power stations
1665:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1604:
1590:
1589:External links
1587:
1584:
1583:
1557:
1525:
1499:
1488:on 26 May 2006
1462:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1319:
1293:
1271:
1255:
1236:
1233:(2): 74. 1976.
1217:
1198:
1179:
1153:
1127:
1080:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1010:
996:
982:
979:England portal
967:
966:
964:
961:
940:, operated by
933:
930:
891:
888:
874:
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850:
847:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
830:
829:
826:
823:
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813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
779:
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772:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
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752:
749:
739:
736:
731:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
715:
714:
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707:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
691:
690:
687:
683:
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679:
675:
674:
671:
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666:
663:
659:
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642:
639:
635:
634:
632:
625:
622:
591:
574:
540:
537:
476:
473:
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436:
429:grid reference
420:
417:
416:
411:
407:
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387:
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378:
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368:
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364:
358:
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334:
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320:
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314:
313:
308:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
291:
290:
286:
281:
277:
276:
273:Severn Estuary
266:
262:
261:
252:
248:
247:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
206:(2005–present)
201:
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161:
160:
158:
157:
147:
136:
134:
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72:
68:
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54:
50:
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42:
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38:
37:
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26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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2:
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2743:
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2703:
2697:
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2692:
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2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
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2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
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2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
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2591:
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2581:
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2575:
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2568:
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2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
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2436:
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2418:
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2364:
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2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:Organisations
2352:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2218:Nuclear power
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2160:Wind Prospect
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:Organisations
2081:
2076:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Carland Cross
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Indian Queens
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1609:Hinkley Point
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1252:(4): 156–160.
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1008:
997:
994:
993:Energy portal
988:
983:
980:
969:
962:
960:
958:
954:
949:
947:
946:AGCR reactors
943:
939:
931:
929:
925:
923:
919:
914:
912:
900:
897:
889:
887:
880:
872:
870:
866:
858:
851:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
743:
737:
735:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
692:
688:
686:CO2 pressure
685:
684:
680:
677:
676:
672:
669:
668:
664:
661:
660:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
633:
630:
629:
624:Specification
623:
621:
619:
616:
607:
605:
601:
596:
572:
568:
563:
550:
546:
538:
536:
534:
521:
518:
517:DEC PDP-11/40
513:
511:
510:Richard Marsh
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
461:River Parrett
458:
454:
450:
447:
443:
434:
430:
424:
418:
415:
412:
408:
404:
388:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
363:
359:
356:
349:
347:
343:
332:
329:
322:
321:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:
301:
297:
292:
289:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
219:
216:
212:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
181:
177:
166:
162:
148:
138:
137:
135:
133:
129:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
57:Hinkley Point
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2751:
2723:
2716:
2683:Anti-nuclear
2666:Springfields
2535:Hunterston A
2529:
2467:Hunterston B
2341:NuGeneration
2052:Forrest Moor
1974:Portishead B
1915:
1853:United Downs
1723:Newton Abbot
1703:East Yelland
1698:Castle Meads
1613:
1608:
1574:. Retrieved
1569:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1465:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:BBC Somerset
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1358:
1349:
1342:. Retrieved
1335:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1274:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1109:
1071:. Retrieved
1062:
950:
935:
926:
915:
901:
893:
876:
867:
863:
741:
734:
608:
597:
571:Magnox alloy
564:
542:
522:
514:
504:
489:
478:
444:is a former
441:
440:
399:/collections
18:
2696:Energy Fair
2550:Trawsfynydd
2525:Dungeness A
2520:Chapelcross
2515:Calder Hall
2457:Dungeness B
2260:Rolls-Royce
2150:SWEB Energy
2105:Good Energy
944:, with two
932:Site future
920:subsidiary
397:/government
214:Operator(s)
200:(1996–2005)
194:(1989–1996)
188:(1965–1989)
95: /
71:Coordinates
2767:Categories
2649:Sellafield
2637:Capenhurst
2613:Sizewell C
2598:Bradwell B
2580:Sizewell B
2545:Sizewell A
2423:Hartlepool
2255:Magnox Ltd
2250:EDF Energy
2135:Ovo Energy
2095:Ecotricity
1822:Geothermal
1808:Princetown
1772:Chippenham
1767:Chickerell
1576:21 October
1518:7 February
1477:(Report).
1344:2 December
1312:2 December
1146:22 January
1028:References
942:EDF Energy
922:Magnox Ltd
839:3,256.091
822:3,033.583
805:3,131.881
788:3,207.368
670:Fuel cans
631:Parameter
609:Five 1,050
562:MWe net.
527:days and 7
469:Magnox Ltd
401:/our-sites
333:2 x 267 MW
218:Magnox Ltd
171:2000-05-23
153:1965-03-19
143:1965-02-16
123:1957-11-01
80:51°12′31″N
2433:Heysham 2
2428:Heysham 1
2227:Companies
2047:Den Brook
1777:Cranbrook
1693:Carn Brea
1307:Ecologist
1120:30 August
1073:30 August
467:licensee
269:Sea water
83:3°08′01″W
2753:Category
2672:Winfrith
2608:Moorside
2510:Bradwell
2505:Berkeley
2498:(closed)
2486:Dounreay
2479:(closed)
2450:(closed)
2406:Reactors
2110:Infralec
2042:Delabole
2003:Wave Hub
1929:Winfrith
1911:Berkeley
1875:Proposed
1728:Plymouth
1570:BBC News
1492:21 March
1172:11 April
963:See also
771:657.122
552:93.5 MWe
485:Berkeley
453:Somerset
433:ST211460
323:2 x 235
283:2 x 900
229:Reactors
179:Owner(s)
61:Somerset
53:Location
2590:Planned
2540:Oldbury
2438:Torness
2309:Defunct
2234:Current
1924:Oldbury
1896:Nuclear
1792:Seabank
1787:Langage
1286:28 July
673:Magnox
581:hp (5.2
556:500 MWe
531:hours.
481:Oldbury
475:History
455:on the
410:Commons
386:Website
337:(gross)
169: (
151: (
141: (
121: (
48:England
45:Country
2573:Active
2496:Magnox
2275:Urenco
2125:Npower
2090:Ecogen
2025:Active
1996:Active
1967:Closed
1938:Future
1904:Closed
1846:Future
1830:Closed
1801:Closed
1760:Active
1718:Lydney
1708:Exeter
1686:Closed
1620:part 2
1550:22 May
1406:5 July
1351:arise.
1282:. PRIS
908:
904:
883:
845:24.27
828:24.26
819:543.9
811:24.43
802:543.9
794:24.15
785:543.9
768:663.9
611:
588:
583:
579:
560:
545:Magnox
539:Design
529:
525:
483:, and
446:Magnox
257:&
245:Magnox
108:Status
2705:Other
2555:Wylfa
1867:Tidal
1733:Poole
1713:Hayle
1544:(PDF)
1537:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
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1402:. BBC
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825:80.5
816:1982
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799:1981
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782:1979
777:22.2
774:16.2
765:1972
748:Year
705:4500
662:Fuel
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330:(net)
2017:Wind
1988:Wave
1678:Coal
1578:2013
1552:2012
1520:2011
1494:2010
1408:2008
1346:2014
1314:2014
1288:2015
1174:2009
1148:2014
1122:2022
1114:IAEA
1075:2022
1067:IAEA
836:430
618:8CSV
498:and
393:.gov
350:500
2565:PWR
2477:FBR
2448:AGR
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1959:Oil
1919:+ B
1752:Gas
1659:in
1193:178
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