642:
about 70, 60, 50, and 0%, respectively; overall survival rates at 150 months for disease at these sites were about 90, 80, 75, and 35%, respectively. Patients who received surgery alone or surgery plus adjuvant treatment had disease-free survival rates of about 50 and 40%, respectively. A retrospective analysis of 266 patients with UPS were treated with surgery alone (6% of cases), surgery plus radiotherapy (91% of cases), or surgery plus chemotherapy (3% of cases). Post-treatment local recurrences and metastases were observed in 15% and 38% of cases; 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 60% and 48%, respectively; Overall median survival time were 10.1 years; and patients with tumors â„10 cm in longest diameter had an almost 6-fold higher rate of developing metastases than patients with tumors 4 cm or smaller. Poorer prognoses were seen in older patients; in patients with tumors that were large-sized, deep-seated, and/or located in a leg; in patients that presented with metastases; and in patients who had positive surgical margins and/or developed local recurrences after surgery. In another retrospective study, 203 individuals with UPS, 141 of whom had metastatic disease, were treated with regimens selected based on the severity of their disease. In this study, the overall 5 year survival rate was 4%. Patients with the most advanced disease had a median overall survival time 11 months.
638:; or etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin. These treatment regimens have been reported to lower local recurrence rates, prolong disease-free survival rates (i.e. time after treatment when no disease is detected), and increase overall survival rates (i.e. time after treatment to death from any cause). However, other studies report that the addition of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy to surgical resection does not improve recurrence or overall survival rates; addition of radiotherapy to surgery improves local control of UPS tumors but not disease-free survival rates (i.e. time from treatment to recurrence of disease); and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have no significant effects on local recurrence-free survival rates, metastasis-free survival times, and overall survival rates. Further studies are needed to define the best treatments for UPS tumors.
685:, 3 had partial responses, and 6 had no response to pembrolizumab. (Further studies of the 4 pembrolizumab-responsive patients indicated that their tumor cells expressed PD-L1 in two cases but not in the other two cases.) In a retrospective study of 25 patients (21 patients treated with pembrolizumab, 4 treated with other immunotherapy agents), 7 attained stable disease, 7 attained partial responses, and 1 attained a complete response. In a study of 16 patients with UPS, 5 achieved short-term (lasting 1.2 to 1.4 months) stable disease in response to a regimen of pembrolizumab combined with the chemotherapy drug,
48:
262:
individuals with the neoplastic syndrome had similar tumor recurrence rates (57.14% vs 53.93% for the two respective groups) but a lower metastasis rate (14.29% vs 44.94%) and a higher 3-year survival rate (85.71% vs 59.55%). Fever symptoms disappeared in all patients after surgical removal of their tumors. It is suggested that individuals with UPS and neoplastic fever have a more favorable prognosis than individuals with UPS that do not evidence such fevers.
278:) because the histopathology of this disorder's tumors is non-specific. UPS tumor cells are undifferentiated (i.e. do not resemble any particular cell type) and pleomorphic (i.e. highly variable in size, shape, and/or color) when examined microscopically. Therefore, the diagnosis of UPS is commonly based on detecting a specific set of proteins that are expressed by UPS tumor cells but not by the cells of other undifferentiated and pleomorphic tumors or
229:(average 8.8 cm with 25%, 38%, and 38% having greatest diameters of 0â1, 5â9, and â„10 cm, respectively). In a study of 205 individuals (median age 59 years) diagnosed with UPS, the tumors were located in the arm or leg (47.3% of cases), abdomen or pelvis (26.8%), thorax (17.6%), and head or neck (8.3%) areas. In rare cases, these tumors have also presented in other sites such as the
309:. In a later study that examined 83 individuals, 72.8% had UPS tumor cells that expressed PD-L1 with 53%, 35%, and 12% of these cases showing weak, intermediate, and strong PD-L1 expression, respectively. And, in a study of 73 patients with UPS, 39 cases showed no, 23 cases showed low, 10 showed intermediate, and 11 strong immunoreactivity for
241:. In a retrospective study, distant metastases were detected at the time of initial diagnosis in 6.4% of 266 individuals. Overall, metastases have or will develop in up to 40% of individuals with UPS. These metastases are reported to occur in lung (40% to 55% of cases) and less commonly in other sites such as
641:
In a retrospective study of 176 patients with localized UPS undergoing curative-intent treated with surgical resection or resection plus adjuvant treatment, disease-free survival rates at 120 months for patients with tumors in an extremity (leg or arm), heat/neck area, thorax, and abdomen/pelvis were
589:
with surgical resection is employed to reduce the risk of developing recurrent and metastatic disease in cases with high-risk disease (e.g. large tumors, tumors deemed highly aggressive based on their pathology and/or local invasiveness, inoperable tumors, and resections that did not remove all tumor
455:
The diagnosis of UPS depends on finding non-specific, undifferentiated tumor cells that have features suggestive of UPS and not features of other tumor types that also consist of pleomorphic, undifferentiated cells. The features primarily involve the expression of certain proteins by the tumor cells.
676:
located on the surface of normal tissue cells from binding to PD-1 receptors on activated T-cells and thereby blocks the T-cells from organizing an inflammatory response that kills the normal cells. Tumor cells may use this inflammation-evading tactic: they may express PD-L1/PD-L2 and thereby block
261:
termed neoplastic fever, i.e. these individuals suffered continuous, disabling fevers. Their tumors were located within a thigh muscle (4 cases), the upper arm (2 cases), or the lower leg (1 case). Compared to 89 individuals (median age 59.1 years) with a similar distribution of their UPS tumors,
2553:
Gronchi A, Ferrari S, Quagliuolo V, Broto JM, Pousa AL, Grignani G, Basso U, Blay JY, Tendero O, Beveridge RD, Ferraresi V, Lugowska I, Merlo DF, Fontana V, Marchesi E, Donati DM, Palassini E, Palmerini E, De
Sanctis R, Morosi C, Stacchiotti S, Bagué S, Coindre JM, Dei Tos AP, Picci P, Bruzzi P,
228:
UPS commonly presents as a deep-seated, rapidly enlarging, painless mass in individuals aged 50 to 70 years. These masses are rarely superficial lesions and rarely occur in the pediatric population. In a retrospective study of 266 individuals, UPS tumors ranged from 1â55 cm in greatest diameter
300:
protein (i.e. CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 protein). Strong PDâL1 expression proved to be a poor, while expression of IDOâ1 proved to be a favorable, prognostic factor for disease outcomes. Individuals with tumor cells that strongly expressed CMTM6 protein also had poor
1931:
Ishihara S, Iwasaki T, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Toda Y, Ito Y, Susuki Y, Kawaguchi K, Takamatsu D, Kawatoko S, Kiyozawa D, Mori T, Kinoshita I, Yamamoto H, Fujiwara T, Setsu N, Endo M, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Oda Y (July 2021). "The association between the expression of PD-L1 and CMTM6 in
1975:
Orth MF, Gerke JS, Knösel T, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Musa J, Alba-Rubio R, Stein S, Hölting TL, Cidre-Aranaz F, Romero-PĂ©rez L, Dallmayer M, Baldauf MC, Marchetto A, Sannino G, Knott MM, Wehweck F, Ohmura S, Li J, Hakozaki M, Kirchner T, Dandekar T, Butt E, GrĂŒnewald TG (February 2019).
1251:
Tawbi HA, Burgess M, Bolejack V, Van Tine BA, Schuetze SM, Hu J, D'Angelo S, Attia S, Riedel RF, Priebat DA, Movva S, Davis LE, Okuno SH, Reed DR, Crowley J, Butterfield LH, Salazar R, Rodriguez-Canales J, Lazar AJ, Wistuba II, Baker LH, Maki RG, Reinke D, Patel S (November 2017).
689:. It is clear that new treatment strategies as well as further studies on the efficacy of pembrolizumab and similarly acting immunotherapy drugs used with or without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy over longer time periods are needed to evaluate their usefulness in treating UPS.
564:, and often associated with neural tissue. These tumors typically show undifferentiated, pleomorphic cells that are arranged in whorls, parallel bundles, or rosettes (i.e. circular arrangement resembling leaves in a flowering plant) and often contain large areas of
2684:
Keung EZ, Burgess M, Salazar R, Parra ER, Rodrigues-Canales J, Bolejack V, Van Tine BA, Schuetze SM, Attia S, Riedel RF, Hu J, Okuno SH, Priebat DA, Movva S, Davis LE, Reed DR, Reuben A, Roland CL, Reinke D, Lazar AJ, Wang WL, Wargo JA, Tawbi HA (March 2020).
365:
UPS tumors also show gene and chromosome abnormalities that further studies may find contribute to the development and/or progression of UPS. These abnormalities, which have not yet been reported to be helpful in diagnosing UPS, include the following.
924:
Kamat NV, Million L, Yao DH, Donaldson SS, Mohler DG, van de Rijn M, Avedian RS, Kapp DS, Ganjoo KN (February 2019). "The
Outcome of Patients With Localized Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Lower Extremity Treated at Stanford University".
192:
quite distinct from UPS. Because of their low incidence and frequent grouping with what are now considered to be other sarcoma types, past findings on the clinical behaviour, proper treatment, and prognosis of UPS may be revised with further study.
1039:
Lee K, Song JS, Kim JE, Kim W, Song SY, Lee MH, Chung HW, Cho KJ, Lee JS, Ahn JH (July 2020). "The clinical outcomes of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS): A single-centre experience of two decades with the assessment of PD-L1 expressions".
2554:
Casali PG (June 2017). "Histotype-tailored neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcomas (ISG-STS 1001): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3, multicentre trial".
2904:
1574:
Toulmonde M, Lucchesi C, Verbeke S, Crombe A, Adam J, Geneste D, Chaire V, Laroche-Clary A, Perret R, Bertucci F, Bertolo F, Bianchini L, Dadone-Montaudie B, Hembrough T, Sweet S, Kim YJ, Cecchi F, Le Loarer F, Italiano A (December 2020).
183:
and intermediateâgrade myofibroblasic sarcomas. WHO has combined low- and intermediate-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas into a single entity, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas, and categorized it as one type of the intermediate (rarely
2589:
Savina M, Le Cesne A, Blay JY, Ray-Coquard I, Mir O, Toulmonde M, Cousin S, Terrier P, Ranchere-Vince D, Meeus P, Stoeckle E, Honoré C, Sargos P, Sunyach MP, Le Péchoux C, Giraud A, Bellera C, Le Loarer F, Italiano A (April 2017).
317:
gene and patients with higher AMPD2 levels had poorer prognoses (5 year survivals for AMPD2 positive versus AMPD2 negative cases were ~38 and 59%, respectively). Other abnormalities found in some or isolated cases of UPS include:
136:, tendons, and ligaments. More than 70 sarcoma subtypes have been described. The UPS subtype of these sarcomas consists of tumor cells that are poorly differentiated and may appear as spindle-shaped cells,
577:
The most often used treatment for localized (i.e. no metastases) UPS tumors is complete surgical removal with the object of leaving no tumor cells behind as evidenced by microscopic examinations.
2785:
Toulmonde M, Penel N, Adam J, Chevreau C, Blay JY, Le Cesne A, Bompas E, Piperno-Neumann S, Cousin S, Grellety T, Ryckewaert T, Bessede A, Ghiringhelli F, Pulido M, Italiano A (January 2018).
2179:
Delespaul L, Lesluyes T, PĂ©rot G, Brulard C, Lartigue L, Baud J, Lagarde P, Le
Guellec S, Neuville A, Terrier P, Vince-RanchĂšre D, Schmidt S, Debant A, Coindre JM, Chibon F (February 2017).
2998:
1310:
Vodanovich DA, Spelman T, May D, Slavin J, Choong PF (September 2019). "Predicting the prognosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma: a 20-year experience of 266 cases".
113:), also termed pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma, high-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, and high-grade myofibrosarcoma, is characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a rare, poorly
3533:
2734:
Monga V, Skubitz KM, Maliske S, Mott SL, Dietz H, Hirbe AC, Van Tine BA, Oppelt P, Okuno S, Robinson S, O'Connor M, Seetharam M, Attia S, Charlson J, Agulnik M, Milhem M (July 2020).
1577:"High throughput profiling of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas identifies two main subgroups with distinct immune profile, clinical outcome and sensitivity to targeted therapies"
2834:
Keung EZ, Lazar AJ, Torres KE, Wang WL, Cormier JN, Ashleigh
Guadagnolo B, Bishop AJ, Lin H, Hunt KK, Bird J, Lewis VO, Patel SR, Wargo JA, Somaiah N, Roland CL (September 2018).
159:
The diagnosis of UPS initially included the malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH). MFH are now regarded as a wastebasket category of various sarcoma types including sarcoma-like
598:) may be used in these cases. In place or combined with surgery and/or radiotherapy, severe and/or metastatic cases of UPS are commonly treated with epirubicin plus ifosfamide;
3553:
292:
protein (i.e. programmed death-ligand 1 protein) either focally (36.5% of cases) or strongly (9.62% of cases); 48.1% of these individuals had tumor cells which also expressed
297:
543:
Two other tumors that may be confused with UPS have microscopic histopathological and/or other features that help make this distinction. These tumors and features are:
196:
The majority of UPS tumors are highly aggressive, often recur after surgical removal, and often metastasize. They are treated with a combination of surgical resection,
1199:"Biology and Management of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma, Myxofibrosarcoma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: State of the Art and Perspectives"
257:
A review study conducted in China of 183 individuals with UPS reported that 7 (3.83%) individuals (age 51 to 73 years; median age 62.8 years) had a subtype of the
2991:
2836:"Phase II study of neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade in patients with surgically resectable undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma"
456:
The identifying proteins for UPS tumor cells are given in the preceding section. Identification proteins for tumors that have been confused with UPS inlclude:
3676:
2505:
Gleason BC, Nascimento AF (February 2007). "HMB-45 and Melan-A are useful in the differential diagnosis between granular cell tumor and malignant melanoma".
2233:"Pathogenic and Targetable Genetic Alterations in Resected Recurrent Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas Identified by Targeted Next-generation Sequencing"
2641:
Mazarico
Gallego JM, Herrera JuĂĄrez M, Paz-Ares L (March 2020). "The safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer".
2378:
Rodrigues GO, Cramer SD, Winer HY, Hixon JA, Li W, Yunes JA, Durum SK (May 2021). "Mutations that collaborate with IL-7Ra signaling pathways to drive ALL".
2462:
Alomari AK, Glusac EJ, McNiff JM (November 2014). "p40 is a more specific marker than p63 for cutaneous poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma".
808:
Renn A, Adejolu M, Messiou C, Bhaludin B, Strauss DC, Thway K, Moskovic E (December 2021). "Overview of malignant soft-tissue sarcomas of the limbs".
3910:
2984:
557:
189:
1888:
Liang J, Li S, Li W, Rao W, Xu S, Meng H, Zhu F, Zhai D, Cui M, Xu D, Cai J, Zhang B (November 2021). "CMTM6, a potential immunotherapy target".
1831:"PDâL1 and IDOâ1 expression in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: The associations with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, dMMR and HLA class I"
681:). From ~47% to ~73% of UPS cases contain tumor cells that express PD-L1. In a retrospective review of 10 patients with UPS, 1 patient had a
2687:"Correlative Analyses of the SARC028 Trial Reveal an Association Between Sarcoma-Associated Immune Infiltrate and Response to Pembrolizumab"
1254:"Pembrolizumab in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma (SARC028): a multicentre, two-cohort, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial"
3915:
3889:
3354:
3201:
1088:"Cutaneous soft tissue tumors: how do we make sense of fibrous and "fibrohistiocytic" tumors with confusing names and similar appearances?"
3037:
2592:"Patterns of care and outcomes of patients with METAstatic soft tissue SARComa in a real-life setting: the METASARC observational study"
3114:
330:
pathway that regulates cell proliferation and cell death; this amplification is associated with the overexpression of two proteins,
180:
3749:
3669:
3605:
2280:
Ali NM, Niada S, Brini AT, Morris MR, Kurusamy S, Alholle A, Huen D, Antonescu CR, Tirode F, Sumathi V, Latif F (February 2019).
3373:
3082:
47:
3149:
3134:
3129:
1829:
Ishihara S, Yamada Y, Iwasaki T, Yoshimoto M, Toda Y, Kohashi K, Yamamoto H, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Oda Y (January 2021).
331:
1626:"Good and sustained response to pembrolizumab and pazopanib in advanced undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: a case report"
3247:
3154:
851:
Choi JH, Ro JY (January 2021). "The 2020 WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue: Selected
Changes and New Entities".
400:
gene that encodes transcriptional regulator ATRX protein which contributes to regulating the expression of various genes;
313:, i.e. AMP deaminase 2 protein; the gains in AMPD2 protein immunoreactivity were associated with copy number gains in the
1775:"An unusual case of metastasis of a pulmonary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma to the right ventricle: a case report"
3548:
3538:
3259:
430:
2423:"h-Caldesmon as a specific marker for smooth muscle tumors. Comparison with other smooth muscle markers in bone tumors"
3858:
3830:
3662:
3196:
658:
3785:
3476:
3052:
2787:"Use of PD-1 Targeting, Macrophage Infiltration, and IDO Pathway Activation in Sarcomas: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial"
3780:
3600:
3488:
3269:
3139:
2924:
3585:
296:
protein (i.e. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protein). Tumor cells that strongly expressed PD-L1 also expressed
3863:
3835:
3790:
3567:
3325:
3169:
3109:
3061:
351:
323:
258:
3403:
3254:
3211:
3206:
1978:"Functional genomics identifies AMPD2 as a new prognostic marker for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma"
1472:"Clinical implication of surgical resection for the rare cardiac tumors involving heart and great vessels"
275:
271:
376:
gene that encodes (i.e. is responsible for production of) the retinoblastoma protein that functions as a
354:(this activation has been shown to promote the growth and survival of various types of cancer cells; and
673:
441:(i.e. a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes as a result of a mutation) that merges
230:
129:
2331:"COMPASS Ascending: Emerging clues regarding the roles of MLL3/KMT2C and MLL2/KMT2D proteins in cancer"
3744:
3716:
3590:
3435:
3159:
3087:
205:
114:
3764:
3580:
3506:
3388:
3188:
3164:
3124:
3119:
3032:
894:
661:
that binds to and inhibits stimulation of the PD-1 receptors expressed on the surface of activated
390:
gene that encodes tumor protein P53 (a protein which regulates cell proliferation and cell death);
149:
1677:"Haemichorea-haemiballism secondary to brain metastasis from undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma"
3840:
3543:
3518:
3481:
3378:
3347:
3311:
3144:
2666:
2530:
2487:
2403:
2210:
2007:
1957:
1913:
1870:
1345:
1117:
1065:
950:
876:
833:
738:
418:
1524:"Primary Cardiac Undifferentiated High-Grade Intimal Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Series Report"
41:
Pleomorphic myofibrosarcoma, high-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, and high-grade myofibrosarcoma
17:
3812:
3643:
3615:
3523:
3383:
3174:
3007:
2935:
2867:
2816:
2767:
2736:"A Retrospective Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcomas"
2716:
2658:
2623:
2571:
2522:
2479:
2444:
2395:
2360:
2311:
2262:
2202:
2158:
2107:
2056:
1999:
1949:
1905:
1862:
1806:
1755:
1706:
1657:
1606:
1553:
1501:
1452:
1401:
1337:
1283:
1228:
1166:
1109:
1057:
1004:
942:
868:
825:
790:
730:
682:
678:
234:
220:) and thereby promote the ability of these T-cells to organizes an attack on UPS tumor cells.
176:
67:
2976:
2282:"Genomic and transcriptomic characterisation of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone"
3920:
3721:
3654:
3472:
3368:
3306:
3242:
2857:
2847:
2806:
2798:
2757:
2747:
2706:
2698:
2650:
2613:
2603:
2563:
2514:
2471:
2434:
2387:
2350:
2342:
2301:
2293:
2252:
2244:
2192:
2148:
2138:
2097:
2087:
2046:
2038:
1989:
1941:
1897:
1852:
1842:
1796:
1786:
1745:
1737:
1696:
1688:
1647:
1637:
1596:
1588:
1543:
1535:
1491:
1483:
1442:
1432:
1391:
1381:
1327:
1319:
1273:
1265:
1218:
1210:
1156:
1148:
1099:
1049:
994:
984:
934:
860:
817:
780:
772:
722:
686:
655:
619:
578:
474:
377:
362:, i.e. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (elevated in the tumor cells of various cancer types).
133:
301:
prognoses. Increases in the expression of CMTM6 protein were associated in some cases with
3850:
3804:
3759:
3459:
3287:
238:
153:
3739:
3595:
3868:
3822:
3754:
3693:
3689:
3620:
3610:
3528:
3513:
3448:
3359:
3297:
3277:
2862:
2835:
2811:
2786:
2762:
2735:
2711:
2686:
2618:
2591:
2518:
2355:
2330:
2306:
2281:
2257:
2232:
2153:
2126:
2102:
2075:
2051:
2026:
1801:
1774:
1750:
1725:
1701:
1676:
1652:
1625:
1601:
1576:
1548:
1523:
1496:
1471:
1447:
1420:
1396:
1369:
1278:
1253:
1223:
1198:
1161:
1136:
999:
972:
785:
761:"High-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the pleura: A case report and literature review"
760:
509:(also termed p63; which is detected with the p40 antibody), and various members of the
327:
2567:
2125:
Chu HY, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhang ZK, Tan X, Liu S, Zhang BT, Lu A, Yu Y, Zhang G (2021).
1269:
124:
and/or cell of origin). WHO classified it as one of the undifferentiated/unclassified
3904:
3701:
2670:
2407:
2027:"Comprehensive and Integrated Genomic Characterization of Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas"
1961:
1917:
1874:
1349:
1121:
1069:
880:
837:
742:
651:
286:
185:
144:. UPS is considered a diagnosis that defies formal sub-classification after thorough
128:
in the category of tumors of uncertain differentiation. Sarcomas are cancers derived
2964:
2534:
2011:
1370:"Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma: Long-Term Follow-Up from a Large Institution"
954:
3638:
3282:
3184:
3101:
3074:
3042:
2491:
2214:
973:"Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma with Neoplastic Fever: A Retrospective Study"
635:
586:
582:
561:
524:
201:
197:
2702:
2654:
2197:
2180:
59:
2929:
2346:
938:
864:
560:: Typically occurs in young children, often develops in a preexisting inoperable
3731:
3630:
3468:
3342:
3337:
3237:
3011:
2802:
2439:
2422:
2391:
1592:
627:
623:
611:
607:
599:
547:
528:
484:
460:
443:
438:
242:
179:. UPS had also been regarded as a more aggressive and metastasizing form of the
168:
141:
2940:
2042:
1945:
1901:
1642:
1487:
1053:
821:
3575:
3424:
2852:
2608:
2143:
1104:
1087:
726:
603:
595:
591:
285:
A study of 52 individuals found that their UPS tumor cells expressed on their
217:
209:
145:
137:
55:
1724:
Lee M, Song JS, Hong SM, Jang SJ, Kim J, Song KB, Lee JH, Cho KJ (May 2020).
1437:
1368:
Chen S, Huang W, Luo P, Cai W, Yang L, Sun Z, Zheng B, Yan W, Wang C (2019).
1214:
3501:
3444:
3393:
2959:
2913:
2752:
2092:
1791:
1741:
1692:
776:
631:
615:
551:
498:
468:
172:
160:
121:
87:
2871:
2820:
2771:
2720:
2662:
2627:
2575:
2526:
2483:
2448:
2399:
2364:
2315:
2266:
2206:
2162:
2111:
2060:
2003:
1953:
1909:
1866:
1810:
1759:
1710:
1661:
1610:
1557:
1505:
1456:
1405:
1341:
1287:
1232:
1170:
1152:
1137:"The 2020 WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumours: news and perspectives"
1113:
1061:
1008:
946:
872:
829:
794:
734:
3873:
3685:
3014:
1847:
1830:
1386:
989:
670:
565:
516:
478:
302:
246:
164:
125:
117:
72:
2896:
1857:
1726:"Sarcoma metastasis to the pancreas: experience at a single institution"
1332:
3097:
3070:
3018:
2248:
510:
213:
2475:
2297:
2076:"Notch Signaling Pathway in Cancer-Review with Bioinformatic Analysis"
1994:
1977:
1323:
425:
gene which encodes
Interleukin-7 receptor-α protein (mutations in the
3333:
3233:
3225:
2908:
662:
536:
464:
212:
which in the case of UPS bind to specific antigens on the surface of
1539:
650:
Recent studies have treated UPS by targeting the immune system with
1522:
Alam L, Agrawal K, Kankanala V, Fishberg R, Powell D (April 2020).
971:
Wang J, Dong S, Zhang J, Gao S, Li Z, Li P, Yuan J, Tian Z (2021).
3420:
666:
520:
406:
310:
289:
2917:
1421:"High-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma in the liver: A case report"
506:
502:
492:
488:
447:
with other genes and is often found in other sarcoma subtypes.)
422:
396:
386:
359:
339:
293:
167:. Studies strongly suggest that MFH tumors are not derived from
3658:
2980:
410:
gene which encodes lysine N-methyltransferase 2C protein (the
372:
634:; cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, plus dacarbazine; high dose
2181:"Recurrent TRIO Fusion in Nontranslocation-Related Sarcomas"
132:
that typically develop in bone, muscle, fat, blood vessels,
156:
examinations fail to identify the type of cells involved.
2127:"Dickkopf-1: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy"
2074:
Anusewicz D, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK (February 2021).
1624:
Arora S, Rastogi S, Shamim SA, Barwad A, Sethi M (2020).
550:: At least some tumor cells have features of pleomorphic
523:(i.e. melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 protein),
2421:
Watanabe K, Tajino T, Sekiguchi M, Suzuki T (May 2000).
1675:
Arnett AL, Smith TL, Gamez ME, Jhawar SR (August 2021).
120:(i.e., an abnormal growth of cells that have an unclear
3534:
Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome
305:
that increased the number of copies of its gene, i.e.
1419:
Wen J, Zhao W, Li C, Shen JY, Wen TF (October 2017).
759:
Zhao R, Wang J, Zhang H, Chi Y, Bi N (October 2020).
2886:
3882:
3849:
3821:
3803:
3773:
3730:
3709:
3700:
3629:
3566:
3457:
3433:
3411:
3402:
3324:
3296:
3268:
3224:
3183:
3096:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3025:
2950:
2890:
204:. More recently, UPS tumors have been treated with
96:
86:
78:
66:
37:
32:
677:the T-cell-mediated immune responses to them (see
590:cells). A standard chemotherapy two-drug regimen (
342:, i.e. yes-associated protein 1, a product of the
471:(i.e. high molecular form of caldesmon.) proteins
1934:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
1890:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
1135:Sbaraglia M, Bellan E, Dei Tos AP (April 2021).
535:gene which is detected using an antibody termed
2548:
2546:
2544:
2226:
2224:
2174:
2172:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1730:Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
1569:
1567:
1517:
1515:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
2025:Abeshouse, Adam; et al. (November 2017).
1081:
1079:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
966:
964:
919:
917:
915:
754:
752:
713:Fisher C (September 2004). "Myofibrosarcoma".
708:
706:
704:
702:
3670:
2992:
8:
2231:Zheng B, Qu Y, Wang J, Shi Y, Yan W (2019).
3706:
3677:
3663:
3655:
3408:
3066:
3057:
2999:
2985:
2977:
2887:
554:, i.e. variable shaped immature fat cells.
414:gene is mutated in various cancer types);
46:
29:
2861:
2851:
2810:
2761:
2751:
2710:
2617:
2607:
2438:
2354:
2305:
2256:
2196:
2152:
2142:
2101:
2091:
2050:
1993:
1856:
1846:
1800:
1790:
1749:
1700:
1651:
1641:
1600:
1547:
1495:
1446:
1436:
1395:
1385:
1331:
1277:
1222:
1160:
1103:
998:
988:
784:
58:of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (
2507:The American Journal of Dermatopathology
1197:Widemann BC, Italiano A (January 2018).
1932:undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma".
698:
558:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
190:fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors
2427:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
346:gene, in the Hippo signaling pathway;
2329:Fagan RJ, Dingwall AK (August 2019).
1042:European Journal of Surgical Oncology
927:American Journal of Clinical Oncology
7:
370:Deletion and/or inactivation or the
107:Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
33:Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
3038:Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor
1470:Oh SJ, Yeom SY, Kim KH (May 2013).
602:alone or combined with ifosfamide,
2519:10.1097/01.dad.0000249888.41884.6c
654:. Pembrolizumab is a manufactured
384:deletions and/or mutations in the
181:low-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas
25:
3710:Glandular and epithelial neoplasm
3115:Aggressive infantile fibromatosis
2380:Advances in Biological Regulation
1773:Xu G, Shi X, Shao G (June 2013).
1476:Journal of Korean Medical Science
1425:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3750:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
3606:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
2237:Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
3911:Dermal and subcutaneous growths
3374:Intradermal spindle cell lipoma
3083:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
1982:International Journal of Cancer
1779:Journal of Medical Case Reports
659:therapeutic monoclonal antibody
501:(i.e. grade 3 or 4 carcinoma):
499:Poorly differentiated carcinoma
245:near the primary tumor, brain,
18:Histiocytoma, malignant fibrous
3890:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
3202:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
3150:Infantile digital fibromatosis
3135:Familial myxovascular fibromas
3130:Diffuse infantile fibromatosis
2464:Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
1374:Cancer Management and Research
977:Cancer Management and Research
853:Advances in Anatomic Pathology
332:vestigial-like family member 3
1:
3248:Superficial acral fibromyxoma
3155:Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis
2703:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1824
2655:10.1080/14740338.2020.1736554
2643:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
2568:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30334-0
2198:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0290
1270:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30624-1
665:. This inhibition blocks the
3549:Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma
3539:Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma
3260:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
2347:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.024
1203:Journal of Clinical Oncology
939:10.1097/COC.0000000000000496
865:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000284
485:Defifferentiated liposarcoma
475:Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
431:acute lymphoblastic leukemia
274:(a diagnosis reached by the
171:(cells descended from blood
3916:Infectious causes of cancer
3859:Transitional cell carcinoma
3831:Transitional cell carcinoma
3197:Benign fibrous histiocytoma
2803:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1617
2440:10.1309/jnqx-f4km-q0q0-7xk8
2392:10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100788
1593:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103131
1086:Hornick JL (January 2020).
568:(i.e. dead or dying cells).
429:gene are commonly found in
3937:
3786:Juxtaglomerular cell tumor
3477:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
3053:Connective tissue neoplasm
2043:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.014
1946:10.1007/s00432-021-03616-4
1902:10.1007/s00432-021-03835-9
1643:10.1186/s13569-020-00133-9
1488:10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.717
1054:10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.029
822:10.1016/j.crad.2021.08.011
334:protein, a product of the
3781:Renal medullary carcinoma
3601:Malignant rhabdoid tumour
3568:Complex mixed and stromal
3497:
3489:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
2853:10.1186/s12885-018-4829-0
2609:10.1186/s12916-017-0831-7
2144:10.3389/fimmu.2021.658097
1630:Clinical Sarcoma Research
1105:10.1038/s41379-019-0388-4
899:National Cancer Institute
727:10.1007/s00428-004-1038-9
461:Pleomorphic leimyosarcoma
282:(see Diagnosis section).
54:
45:
3140:Fibroma of tendon sheath
2691:Clinical Cancer Research
2286:The Journal of Pathology
2185:Clinical Cancer Research
1438:10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.7054
1215:10.1200/JCO.2017.75.3467
352:notch signaling pathways
237:of the lung, heart, and
3864:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3836:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3791:Renal medullary fibroma
3170:Oral submucous fibrosis
3110:Aggressive fibromatosis
3026:Not otherwise specified
2753:10.3390/cancers12071873
2131:Frontiers in Immunology
2093:10.3390/cancers13040768
1792:10.1186/1752-1947-7-165
1742:10.4132/jptm.2020.03.04
1693:10.1136/bcr-2021-242342
777:10.1111/1759-7714.13613
573:Treatment and prognosis
548:Pleomorphic liposarcoma
350:Abnormal activation of
324:Hippo signaling pathway
259:paraneoplastic syndrome
3212:Solitary fibrous tumor
3207:Atypical fibroxanthoma
1312:ANZ Journal of Surgery
1153:10.32074/1591-951X-213
816:(12): 940.e1â940.e16.
562:plexiform neurofibroma
276:process of elimination
272:diagnosis of exclusion
130:mesenchymal stem cells
3586:Mixed MĂŒllerian tumor
322:Amplification of the
231:retroperitoneal space
3745:Mesoblastic nephroma
3717:Renal cell carcinoma
3591:Mesoblastic nephroma
3160:Plantar fibromatosis
3088:Desmoplastic fibroma
2556:The Lancet. Oncology
1848:10.3892/or.2020.7837
1387:10.2147/CMAR.S226896
1258:The Lancet. Oncology
990:10.2147/CMAR.S339278
626:, doxorubicin, plus
3765:Metanephric adenoma
3581:Pleomorphic adenoma
3389:Spindle cell lipoma
3189:histiocytic sarcoma
3165:Pleomorphic fibroma
3125:Collagenous fibroma
3120:Aponeurotic fibroma
3033:Soft-tissue sarcoma
1528:Cardiology Research
513:family of proteins.
505:(also termed EMA),
326:, an intracellular
175:), but rather from
150:immunohistochemical
3841:Inverted papilloma
3544:Neural fibrolipoma
3519:Angiolipoleiomyoma
3482:Sarcoma botryoides
3379:Pleomorphic lipoma
3348:Myxoid liposarcoma
3312:Clear-cell sarcoma
3145:Fibromatosis colli
2951:External resources
2249:10.21873/cgp.20127
2037:(4): 950â965.e28.
1098:(Suppl 1): 56â65.
810:Clinical Radiology
531:(a product of the
358:Overexpression of
3898:
3897:
3813:Ureteral neoplasm
3799:
3798:
3652:
3651:
3644:Adenomatoid tumor
3616:Pancreatoblastoma
3562:
3561:
3524:Genital leiomyoma
3384:Lipoblastomatosis
3320:
3319:
3220:
3219:
3175:Pachydermodactyly
2974:
2973:
2476:10.1111/cup.12388
2298:10.1002/path.5176
1995:10.1002/ijc.31903
1431:(38): 7054â7058.
1324:10.1111/ans.15348
1264:(11): 1493â1501.
895:"What Is Cancer?"
771:(10): 3011â3014.
683:complete response
679:Immune checkpoint
404:mutations in the
394:mutations in the
287:surface membranes
177:mesenchymal cells
134:lymphatic vessels
104:
103:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3928:
3722:Renal oncocytoma
3707:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3473:rhabdomyosarcoma
3462:
3438:
3414:
3409:
3369:Chondroid lipoma
3307:Synovial sarcoma
3243:Cutaneous myxoma
3067:
3058:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2714:
2697:(6): 1258â1266.
2681:
2675:
2674:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2260:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2200:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2146:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1997:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1940:(7): 2003â2011.
1928:
1922:
1921:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1860:
1850:
1835:Oncology Reports
1826:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1681:BMJ Case Reports
1672:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1335:
1318:(9): 1045â1050.
1307:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1248:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1194:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1107:
1092:Modern Pathology
1083:
1074:
1073:
1048:(7): 1287â1293.
1036:
1013:
1012:
1002:
992:
968:
959:
958:
921:
910:
909:
907:
906:
891:
885:
884:
848:
842:
841:
805:
799:
798:
788:
756:
747:
746:
710:
687:cyclophosphamide
620:cyclophosphamide
579:Adjuvant therapy
437:expression of a
378:tumor suppressor
253:Neoplastic fever
206:antibody therapy
50:
30:
21:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3878:
3845:
3817:
3795:
3769:
3760:Cystic nephroma
3726:
3696:
3694:genital systems
3683:
3653:
3648:
3625:
3558:
3493:
3460:Skeletal muscle
3458:
3453:
3434:
3429:
3412:
3398:
3316:
3292:
3288:Phyllodes tumor
3270:Fibroepithelial
3264:
3216:
3179:
3092:
3047:
3021:
3005:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2946:
2945:
2899:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2024:
2023:
2019:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1540:10.14740/cr1029
1521:
1520:
1513:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1380:: 10001â10009.
1367:
1366:
1357:
1309:
1308:
1295:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1196:
1195:
1178:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1038:
1037:
1016:
970:
969:
962:
923:
922:
913:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
850:
849:
845:
807:
806:
802:
765:Thoracic Cancer
758:
757:
750:
715:Virchows Archiv
712:
711:
700:
695:
648:
575:
453:
268:
255:
239:small intestine
226:
154:ultrastructural
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3934:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3869:Adenocarcinoma
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:Angiomyolipoma
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3621:Carcinosarcoma
3618:
3613:
3611:Hepatoblastoma
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Leiomyosarcoma
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:Angioleiomyoma
3511:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3449:leiomyosarcoma
3441:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3360:Angiomyolipoma
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:Brenner tumour
3274:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3064:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2921:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:Classification
2884:
2883:External links
2881:
2878:
2877:
2826:
2777:
2726:
2676:
2649:(3): 233â242.
2633:
2581:
2562:(6): 812â822.
2540:
2497:
2470:(11): 839â45.
2454:
2413:
2370:
2335:Cancer Letters
2321:
2292:(2): 166â176.
2272:
2243:(3): 221â228.
2220:
2191:(3): 857â867.
2168:
2117:
2066:
2017:
1988:(4): 859â867.
1967:
1923:
1880:
1841:(1): 379â389.
1816:
1765:
1736:(3): 220â227.
1716:
1687:(8): e242342.
1667:
1616:
1563:
1534:(2): 129â133.
1511:
1462:
1411:
1355:
1293:
1238:
1209:(2): 160â167.
1176:
1127:
1075:
1014:
960:
933:(2): 166â171.
911:
886:
843:
800:
748:
697:
696:
694:
691:
647:
644:
574:
571:
570:
569:
555:
541:
540:
514:
496:
482:
472:
452:
449:
328:cell signaling
267:
264:
254:
251:
249:, and heart.
225:
222:
115:differentiated
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3933:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:Smooth muscle
3432:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:JAMA Oncology
2788:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:(5): 717â24.
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
983:: 8481â8487.
982:
978:
974:
967:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
920:
918:
916:
912:
900:
896:
890:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
801:
796:
792:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:(3): 215â23.
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
703:
699:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
653:
652:pembrolizumab
646:Immunotherapy
645:
643:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
584:
580:
572:
567:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:: Desmin and
476:
473:
470:
466:
462:
459:
458:
457:
450:
448:
446:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:amplification
417:
413:
409:
408:
403:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
265:
263:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
191:
187:
186:metastasizing
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
99:
95:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
60:H&E stain
57:
53:
49:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3740:Wilms' tumor
3639:Mesothelioma
3596:Wilms' tumor
3283:Fibroadenoma
3185:Histiocytoma
3102:fibromatosis
3075:fibrosarcoma
3043:Skin sarcoma
2958:
2934:
2923:
2903:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2797:(1): 93â97.
2794:
2790:
2780:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2694:
2690:
2679:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2599:
2596:BMC Medicine
2595:
2584:
2559:
2555:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2433:(5): 663â8.
2430:
2426:
2416:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2240:
2236:
2188:
2184:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2034:
2030:
2020:
1985:
1981:
1970:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1896:(1): 47â56.
1893:
1889:
1883:
1858:2324/4474987
1838:
1834:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1584:
1581:eBioMedicine
1580:
1531:
1527:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1377:
1373:
1333:11343/286224
1315:
1311:
1261:
1257:
1206:
1202:
1147:(2): 70â84.
1144:
1140:
1130:
1095:
1091:
1045:
1041:
980:
976:
930:
926:
903:. Retrieved
901:. 2007-09-17
898:
889:
859:(1): 44â58.
856:
852:
846:
813:
809:
803:
768:
764:
718:
714:
649:
640:
636:methotrexate
587:chemotherapy
583:radiotherapy
576:
542:
532:
454:
442:
434:
426:
415:
411:
405:
401:
395:
391:
385:
381:
371:
367:
364:
355:
347:
343:
335:
319:
314:
306:
284:
279:
269:
256:
227:
224:Presentation
202:chemotherapy
198:radiotherapy
195:
158:
110:
106:
105:
3774:by location
3732:Mixed tumor
3631:Mesothelial
3469:Rhabdomyoma
3343:Myelolipoma
3338:liposarcoma
3255:Angiomyxoma
3238:myxosarcoma
3062:Fibromatous
3012:soft tissue
2746:(7): 1873.
2513:(1): 22â7.
1141:Pathologica
628:dacarbazine
624:vincristine
612:gemcitabine
608:trabectedin
600:doxorubicin
539:.) proteins
469:h-caldesmon
439:fusion gene
243:lymph nodes
216:(a type of
169:histiocytes
142:giant cells
138:histiocytes
38:Other names
3905:Categories
3576:Adenomyoma
3425:myosarcoma
3326:Lipomatous
3226:Myxomatous
3008:Connective
2936:DiseasesDB
2846:(1): 913.
2840:BMC Cancer
2386:: 100788.
2137:: 658097.
2086:(4): 768.
1587:: 103131.
905:2017-11-26
693:References
604:olaratumab
596:ifosfamide
592:epirubicin
581:combining
552:lipoblasts
338:gene, and
280:visa versa
218:lymphocyte
210:antibodies
161:carcinomas
146:histologic
56:Micrograph
3507:Cutaneous
3502:Leiomyoma
3445:Leiomyoma
3404:Myomatous
3394:Hibernoma
2965:radio/420
2960:eMedicine
2671:212405175
2602:(1): 78.
2408:231908606
2341:: 56â65.
1962:232773534
1918:244132643
1875:226270021
1350:198997759
1122:204886468
1070:212406069
881:221862064
838:238357489
743:220565385
632:cisplatin
616:docetaxel
495:proteins.
481:proteins.
451:Diagnosis
380:protein;
303:mutations
270:UPS is a
266:Pathology
233:, liver,
200:, and/or
173:monocytes
165:melanomas
97:Frequency
88:Prognosis
68:Specialty
3874:Melanoma
3298:Synovial
3019:sarcomas
2920:C49.M10)
2872:30249211
2821:28662235
2772:32664595
2721:31900276
2663:32129104
2628:28391775
2576:28499583
2535:20167145
2527:17284958
2484:25263848
2449:10800398
2400:33578108
2365:31128216
2316:30281149
2267:31018952
2207:27528700
2163:34093545
2112:33673145
2061:29100075
2012:52883298
2004:30267407
1954:33811537
1910:34783871
1867:33155664
1811:23805953
1760:32311873
1711:34400423
1662:32670543
1611:33254023
1558:32256920
1506:23678263
1457:29097878
1406:31819633
1342:31364245
1288:28988646
1233:29220302
1171:33179614
1114:31653978
1062:32127249
1009:34795527
955:56178938
947:30557163
873:32960834
830:34607656
795:32815307
735:15173943
566:necrosis
517:Melanoma
479:myogenin
247:pancreas
126:sarcomas
122:identity
118:neoplasm
73:Oncology
3921:Sarcoma
3851:Urethra
3823:Bladder
3690:urinary
3688:of the
3413:General
3098:Fibroma
3071:Fibroma
2930:D051677
2863:6154892
2812:5833654
2763:7408640
2740:Cancers
2712:7731262
2619:5385590
2492:9053425
2356:6638576
2307:8033574
2258:6542646
2215:3756473
2154:8174842
2103:7918426
2080:Cancers
2052:5693358
1802:3750226
1785:: 165.
1751:7253956
1702:8378830
1653:7346343
1602:7708794
1549:7092767
1497:3653084
1448:5658323
1397:6885560
1279:7939029
1224:5759316
1162:8167394
1000:8592396
786:7529570
674:ligands
663:T-cells
585:or/and
511:keratin
421:of the
214:T-cells
208:, i.e.
92:Guarded
82:Unknown
3805:Ureter
3702:Kidney
3686:Tumors
3355:PEComa
3334:Lipoma
3234:Myxoma
3015:tumors
2870:
2860:
2819:
2809:
2770:
2760:
2719:
2709:
2669:
2661:
2626:
2616:
2574:
2533:
2525:
2490:
2482:
2447:
2406:
2398:
2363:
2353:
2314:
2304:
2265:
2255:
2213:
2205:
2161:
2151:
2110:
2100:
2059:
2049:
2010:
2002:
1960:
1952:
1916:
1908:
1873:
1865:
1809:
1799:
1758:
1748:
1709:
1699:
1660:
1650:
1636:: 10.
1609:
1599:
1556:
1546:
1504:
1494:
1455:
1445:
1404:
1394:
1348:
1340:
1286:
1276:
1231:
1221:
1169:
1159:
1120:
1112:
1068:
1060:
1007:
997:
953:
945:
879:
871:
836:
828:
793:
783:
741:
733:
537:HMB-45
527:, and
465:Desmin
433:) and
235:pleura
152:, and
140:, and
79:Causes
3883:Other
3554:STUMP
3421:Myoma
3300:-like
2941:31471
2667:S2CID
2531:S2CID
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